2013高考必备 高中英语语法精品资料 定语从句

如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。 说明 与词汇、听力、阅读、写作相比，语法实际是最容易学的，（你可以问问英语成绩优秀的学生）但许多同学学了许多年英语后，语法仍然是一塌糊涂。有的学生也下了很大决心想把语法学好，但在努力了相当长的时间之后还是没有明显进步，最终决定放弃。有的老师在语法上投入了很多，让学生做了很多题，也投入了大量时间来评讲，但学生的语法长进仍不大，最后“顿悟”了，说，“在语法上付出太多时间不值得。” 语法真的不重要吗？如果有人说语法不重要，那一定是违心的，因为谁都知道高考多考一分多么重要，而学好语法不仅可以提高单选的得分，又可提高阅读、改错和作文的得分，增的又何止十分八分？而切，单选题和作文上的得分一般是不会有什么变数的，而阅读题的得分还要看考场发挥地如何。说在语法上付出时间不值得，实际上是在承认自己在语法学习上或教学上是失败的。 为什么那么多人都学不好语法呢？一方面是因为现在盛行的教学理论在作怪。它把外语教学和母语与第二语言的教学混为一起，过于强调语言的“习得”，而完全忽视了传统的语法教学，导致学生的语法基础较差。另一方面，因为没有合适的语法资料。教材上的语法讲解，“千呼万唤始出来，犹抱琵琶半遮面”，总是放不下架子，就是讲一点，其深度比考试的难度要低得多，根本靠不住。书店里的语法资料，一类是语法大家们编的，旨在解释一些语法现象，本来就不是给高中学生看的，有些知识学生看了没有用，有些知识学生根本看不懂。再一类就是一些名校编的资料，先是笼统的语法讲解，再弄点题一凑就好了。讲的多，练的少，结果是学生前学后忘，印象不深。学生平时做的语法题都过于靠高考，强调覆盖面，什么都有，一半题学生都不会做。老师就是讲，也没时间系统地讲，学生一知半解，课后，又没有针对性很强的题进行巩固，学生还是学得稀里糊涂。所以就造成了，学生题没少做，老师没少讲，学生语法还是没进步。高一时，语法单选题，学生能对半错，学到了高考，还是对半错。 而《语法通霸》则可有效地解决上述问题。在编排上，该书有以下特点： 一、针对性强。在编写时，用的是“归纳”法。先下载近十几年的高考真题，再按语法专题归类，然后，每个语法专题再按考点归类，归类时特别注意了学生学习过程中的难点和易混点，最后再在需要的地方加上必要的讲解，所以重难点突出，详略得当，针对性强。 二、讲练结合。对于每一个考点在简明讲解之后，都安排了适量的练习题。这些题都是精心筛选出来的。主要是从其典型性、思维容量和所含语言点是否丰富，写作是否能用，里面是否含有完形填空可能出的词等多个方面考虑，因此也有相当多的题是保留了十几年前的题而舍弃了近几年的高考题。 三、题量科学。我们发现，针对每个考点的练习量如果过大的话，效果也不好。练习量少的话，譬如两三个，我们就可以轻松自如的在脑中翻动、回味这些题，效果反而更好。因此，就忍痛删去了许多来之不易的好题。 四、重视习题排序。有的同学说，如果把相似题排列在一起的话，学生容易猜到答案，而不去思考。所以，今年再版时，开始时是把不同类型的题混在一起，但再看时，发觉做后效果反而不好了。做后印象不深、规律在脑中不清晰。然后又把题按类型排列，相近的题列在一起。再看一遍，感觉真好！。学知识同向某个空间放东西一样，有条理了就好放也好记也好找，杂乱了就不好放，用时也不容易找到。科学家对大脑的研究也表明，信息在脑中存放、排列是有规律的。 五、考点目录化。为了便于使用，本书编了详细的目录，分为“章”、“讲”和“考点”三Nothing is possible for a willing heart. (心之所愿，无所不成) A bold attempt is half success. (勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 1 高中英语语法通霸，适合高三复习，也适合高一高二学生学习

个级别。一位高三学生在留言中说，“每次做英语题的时候有问题，我就拿出你的《远航英语》一翻，都出现在里面了，我真诚的感谢你用了大量的时间来给我们编辑这本书，谢谢你” 六、讲、练、考一体化。前面第一部分是考点精讲精练，后面第二部分是单元过关测试。过关测试题基本上也都是高考题，覆盖面较大，既可以对前面所学知识进一步巩固，也可当作测试题用。 七、语法、写作同步提高。这次改编，增加了“作文专项技能提升”这个部分，基础好的学生，可以利用这部分的习题来提高自己的写作能力。 《语法通霸》的这种编排，使学生一看就懂，一做就会，从而解决了语法学习中费时低效的问题。老师利用这本资料，可以使语法课不再空洞乏味。学生利用这本书，可以使语法学习变得有趣高效，优生利用此书来巩固自己的学科优势，待优生利用此书来实现英语上的彻底逆转。 所以这本书从它诞生那天起，就深受师生欢迎。它帮助许多学生提高了英语成绩，成为许多老师备课时必不可缺少的工具书。去年，《语法通霸》的部分电子文档上传到网上后，成为网上的热门资料，有许多老师愿意出数百元来购买完整的电子文档以便自己上课用。书更是供不应求。一位老师说，“你的这本书已经成为我和学生必不可缺少的工具书，我们每天每堂课都会带到教室，如果学生在哪个方面不懂，我们就立即翻阅相关的题来做。”“好多学生看着我用这本书，都恨不得自己也有一本。”还有老师说，“只要我教着学，我都会用你的书”。（更多网友评论可以到329950885的QQ空间去查看或到淘宝宝贝详情中查看） 在使用这本书的方法上，我的看法是，与其看好多书，前做后忘，还不如反复看一本书。“重复是记忆之母”。除了“查”和“做”之外，还有同学花费大量时间来“读”这本书，效果非常好。真要读熟的话，高考语法肯定没问题。更重要的是，“读”可以更有好地来提高写作能力。我以前在学习的过程中，曾把一本有关词汇记忆的单选题书读了九遍，后来摇摇头，感觉满脑子的英语句子在晃荡，要写篇好的英语文章，可以说是“出口成章”。 最后，祝愿各位同学学习进步，也祝愿各位同行及家长朋友身体健康、快乐常伴、工作顺利！ 编者 2012年9月 2 学而时习之，不亦悦乎? 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。 第六章 定语从句 ............................................................................................................................................................................................3 第一部分 考点精讲精练 ..............................................................................................................................................................................3 第1讲 相关概念 ....................................................................................................................................................................................3 考点1. 主句、从句、关系词 .........................................................................................................................................................3 考点2. 关系代词 ...............................................................................................................................................................................3 考点3. 关系副词 ...............................................................................................................................................................................3 第2讲 关系词的选择 ...........................................................................................................................................................................4 考点1. 选用哪个关系词，关键是看关系词在定语从句中做什么成分 .............................................................................4 ．．．．考点2. 选用关系词的方法：一“找”二“还”三“替换”.............................................................................................................4 考点3. 关系词一般要位于定语从句的句首 ..............................................................................................................................4 第3讲 只能用that不能用which的情况 .....................................................................................................................................5 考点1. 先行词是anything, something, nothing, everything, 等不定代词时 ..................................................................5 考点2. 先行词是all, much，little, none或先行词被all, much, little, no, any修饰时.................................................5 考点3. 先行词被最高级、序数词以及 the first, the last, the very, the only, the same.................................................5 考点4. 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词用that ......................................................................................6 考点5. 注意：关系副词不受这些规则的影响 ..........................................................................................................................6 第4讲 其它有关关系词选择的规则 ................................................................................................................................................6 考点1. 关系代词直接放在介词后面时，要用which，whom;不能用that, who............................................................6 考点2. 引导非限制性定语从句时，要用which, who, whom, 不用that，也不能省略...............................................6 考点3. 当先行词前面有which，who等疑问代词时，为避免重复，用关系代词that ...............................................6 考点4. 关系代词在从句中作表语或there be结构中的实意主语时, that可指人或物，而且通常省略 .................6 考点5. 当先行词为one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all(指人)时，关系代词常用who...........................................7 第5讲 whose可指人也可指物......................................................................................................................................................7 考点1. 若指物，它还可以同of which互换, 指人，则不可与of whom互换................................................................7 考点2. 名词前有冠词the时用of which, 名词前没有冠词时用whose ............................................................................7 第6讲 as, but, than用作关系代词 ..............................................................................................................................................7 考点1. as引导限制性定语从句 ....................................................................................................................................................7 考点2. the same…as与the same…that.....................................................................................................................................8 考点3. such…as 和such….that的区别（该用定语从句还是用结果状语从句） ........................................................8 考点4. but用作关系代词（选学内容） ....................................................................................................................................8 考点5. than用作关系代词 （选学内容）................................................................................................................................8 写作专练1. as做关系代词很有用（P 17） ..............................................................................................................................9 第7讲 关系副词 ....................................................................................................................................................................................9 考点1. 关系副词在定语从句中做状语 .......................................................................................................................................9 考点2. the way做先行词................................................................................................................................................................9 考点3. situation, case, point, business等后常用关系副词where .......................................................................................9 考点4. occasion(时机)做先行词用关系副词时用when .......................................................................................................10 考点5. when引导非限制性定语从句 .......................................................................................................................................10 第8讲 关系词的省略(仅供了解) ...................................................................................................................................................10 考点1. 关系代词的省略 ................................................................................................................................................................10 考点2. 关系副词的省略 ................................................................................................................................................................10 第9讲 介词＋关系代词.....................................................................................................................................................................10 考点1. 关系代词直接跟在介词后时，只可用whom或 which,不可用who, that.......................................................10 考点2. from where为“介词＋关系副词“结构，可以引导定语从句 ...............................................................................11 考点3. 像look after, look for等固定短语动词 ......................................................................................................................11 考点4. 部分与整体用of................................................................................................................................................................11 考点5. 介词的选择：看前看后看意思 .....................................................................................................................................11 第10讲 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 ........................................................................................................................12 考点1. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别...........................................................................................................12 考点2. As，which引导的非限制性定语从句 ........................................................................................................................12 写作专练2. as, which 引导非限制性定语从句（P 17）.....................................................................................................13 写作专练3. 使用非限制性定语从句，是写出长的高级句子的最常用的方法（P 17）.............................................13 第11讲 同位语从句和定语从句...................................................................................................................................................13 第12讲 定语从句与易混句型 .......................................................................................................................................................14 考点1. 定语从句与同位语从句...................................................................................................................................................15 Nothing is possible for a willing heart. (心之所愿，无所不成) A bold attempt is half success. (勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 1 高中英语语法通霸，适合高三复习，也适合高一高二学生学习

考点2. 定语从句与地点状语从句.............................................................................................................................................. 15 考点3. 定语从句与结果状语从句.............................................................................................................................................. 15 考点4. 定语从句与并列句 ........................................................................................................................................................... 15 考点5. 定语从句与独立主格结构.............................................................................................................................................. 16 考点6. 定语从句与强调句型 ...................................................................................................................................................... 16 第13讲 定语从句的其它常见考点.............................................................................................................................................. 16 考点1. 先行词与定语从句隔离 .................................................................................................................................................. 16 考点2. one of, the one of, the only one of ................................................................................................................................ 16 考点3. what 不能引导定语从句, one 作同位语 .................................................................................................................. 17 考点4. Is this school the one与Is this the school ................................................................................................................. 17 写作专练4. 综合运用本章所学定语从句内容（P 18） ...................................................................................................... 17 第二部分 专题过关测试............................................................................................................................................................................ 17 第三部分 写作能力提升............................................................................................................................................................................ 19 写作专练写作专练写作专练写作专练源。 ） 写作专练1. 2. 3. 4. as做关系代词很有用（参看P5考点1 ） ..................................................................................................... 19 as, which 引导非限制性定语从句（参看P10考点2 ） ........................................................................... 19 使用非限制性定语从句，是写出长的高级句子的最常用的方法（参看P 10考点1） .................... 19 综合运用本章所学定语从句内容，翻译下列句子（参看P错误！未定义书签。错误！未找到引用20 1. ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 20 2 学而时习之，不亦悦乎? 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。 第六章 定语从句 第一部分 考点精讲精练 第1讲 相关概念 考点1. 主句、从句、关系词 主句：在含有定语从句的复合句中，除去定语从句后的部分，是句子的主句。 定语从句：相当于形容词，修饰主句中的一个名词或代词，相当于主句的一个定语 先行词：先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词等，它总是出现在定语从句的前面。 关系词：关系词指用来引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词和关系副词。 关系词的三个作用 1. 作定语从句的一个句子成分。 2. 起着连接主句和从句的作用（参看P错误！未定义书签。错误！未找到引用源。）。 3. 代指被修饰的先行词。 考点2. 关系代词 ① 指人时可以用who, 也可用that。 Do you know the boy who/that is my desk mate? The man who/that was killed in the accident is Tom‘s uncle. ② 指物时可以用which, 也可用that： I like visiting places which/that are not far away. How do you like the film which/that was shown last Sunday. ③ whose可以指人也可以指物 He was a painter whose pictures were not well-known in his life time. The dog whose tail is very short is my neighbor‘s. ④ 关系代词作宾语时可以省略： I like the meal that/which / ( ) we had last night. Do you know the boy who/whom/that/() we talked about just now? 注：（）表示关系代词省略 考点3. 关系副词 关系副词在从句中只能作状语。when 指时间，where指地点，why指原因，how不能作关系词。例如： ① We will put off the picnic until next week when the weather may be better. ② He has reached the point where a change is needed. ③ That is no reason why you should leave. ④ This is the way how I did it. (how不能作关系词) 基础过关： 1. 用合适的关系词完成句子。 ① The man / was here yesterday is a painter. ② The man / / / I saw is called Smith. ③ A child parents are dead is called an orphan. ④ I\'d like a room window looks out over the sea. ⑤ A letter / is written in pencil is hard to read. ⑥ The letter / / I received from him yesterday is very important. ⑦ That is the boy / / / you are looking for. ⑧ Do you know the reason he was late for the meeting. ⑨ This is the school I used to study. ⑩ I still remember the day we met for the first time. 2. 用符号标出下列句子的主句、定语从句、先行词和关系词： 主句：______ 定语从句：（ ） 先行词： 先行词 关系词： 例：This is the book (that I have been looking for). ① The movie that we saw last night is very exciting. ② Have you bought which the book we talked about ③ I still remember the day which we spent together last week. ④ He still lives in the house whose windows face south. ⑤ The boy whose father is a policeman speaks English most fluently in our class. ⑥ The girl who you met was John‘s sister. Nothing is possible for a willing heart. (心之所愿，无所不成) A bold attempt is half success. (勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 3

高中英语语法通霸，适合高三复习，也适合高一高二学生学习

⑦ There is no reason why we shouldn‘t be friends. ⑧ They arrived in the early morning when the sky was still dark. ⑨ The days were gone when we had to travel on horses. ⑩ Is this the hospital where you were born? 第2讲 关系词的选择 考点1. 选用哪个关系词，关键是看关系词在定语从．．．句中做什么成分 ．含有定语从句的复合句可以分为两部分：主句和从句。关系词是定语从句的一个成分。 选用关系词，要看关系词在定语从句中做什么成分，而不是看先行词是什么词性。 1. He worked in the factory which produces TV sets. 2. He worked in the factory where his father had worked. 3. I like the school which is near to my home. 4. I like the school where my sister studies. 在句1和句2中，先行词前都有in, 但关系词有用which也有用where的； 在句3和句4在，先行词都是the school, 但关系词有用which也有用where的。 因此，我们可以看出，对关系词起决定性作用的并不是先行词。 在句1和句3中，关系词在定语从句中都是做主语，因此用的都是关系代词which 在句2和句4中，关系词在定语从句中都是做状语，因此都是用关系副词where 我们可以看出，用哪个关系词，主要看关系词在定语从句中做什么成分。 考点2. 选用关系词的方法：一“找”二“还”三“替换” 1. 找：就是找出主句、从句、先行词和关系词（参看本章第1讲） 2. 还：根据先行词提供的意思，大胆的把定语从句还原为完整的一句话，（可以添词） 3. 替换：用关系词替换关系词还原后的部分，做主语和宾语用关系代词，做状语用关系副词（时间状语用when，地点状语用where, 原因状语用why）（同初中时做的―对划线部分提问‖相似，该用what的时候用成which/that即可） 例如： 1. This is the school ____ I once studied. 2. This is the school ____ is the most famous in the city. 3. I am studying at a school ____ my father teaches English. 找：（略） 还原：根据先行词的提示，这三句话的定语从句还原成完整的一句话后分别为： 1. I once studied at the school. 2. The school is the most famous in the city. 3. My father teaches English at the school. 粗斜体部分为根据先行词的意思把关系词还原后的部分。 替换：根据 ―对划线部分提问‖的规则，1.和3.用where, 2.本该用what, 在定语从句中该用what的要换为which/that。 因此，答案为：1.where 2. that/which 3. where 考点3. 关系词一般要位于定语从句的句首 【2009江西】The house I grew up ________ has been taken down and replaced by an office building. A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which 答案与分析：A没有关系词，不能连接两句话；C介词后不能用that；D关系词一般不位于句末；而B可以看作是关系代词做宾语、放在句首并且省略了。因此选B。 利用一“找”二“还”三“替换”的方法选择关系词 1. Is this the reason ______ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? A. that B. what C. how D. why 2. Is this the reason ______ he was so careless in his work? A. that B. what C. how D. why 3. The reason ______he didn\'t come was ______he was ill. A. why; that B. that; why C. for that; that D. for which; what 4. He lives in a village ____ is not far from the city. A. which B. where C. what D. whose 5. He lives in the village ____ he was born. A. which B. where C. what D. whose 6. In an hour, we travel to places___ could have taken our ancestors days to reach. A where B. when C which D. what 7. In an hour, we travel to places___ we can relax and get refreshed.. A. where B. when C. which D. what 4 学而时习之，不亦悦乎? 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。 8. The place _______interested me most was the Children\'s Palace. A. which B. where C. what D. in which 9. The place _______he had a good time last Sunday was the Children\'s Palace. A. which B. where C. what D. in which 10. I‘ll never forget the days _____ we studied together. A. that B. 不填 C. when D. A and B 11. I‘ll never forget the days _____ we spent together. A. that B. 不填 C. when D. A and B 16. 【2010福建】Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet _______ life has developed gradually. A. that B. where C. which D. whose 17. 【2010天津】—Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut? —You should try the barber‘s I go. It‘s only 15. A. as B. which C. where D. that 18. 【2011陕西】I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, __________ we enjoyed a splendid view 12. If we want to have a bright future, we must learn to of the lake. act in ways ____ do not do harm to other living things. A. which B. where C. who D. that A. in which B. / C. how D. that 19. 【2011福建】She has a gift for creating an 13. Is this the factory _____ color TV sets are produced. atmosphere for her students ____ allows them to A. when B. the one where C. that D. in which communicate freely with each other. 14. Is this factory _____ color TV sets are produced? A. which B. where C. what D. who A. where B. the one where C. that D. in which 20. 【2012江西】By 16:30, was almost closing 15. This is the factory ____ produces colors TV sets. time, nearly all the paintings had been sold. A. where B. the one where C. that D. in which A. which B．when C．what D．that 第3讲 只能用that不能用which的情况 考点1. 先行词是anything, something, nothing, everything, 等不定代词时 关系代词一般只用that，不用which。 1. He never reads anything ______ is not worth reading. A. which B. as C. who D. that 2. Is there anything__________ to you? A. that is belonged B. that belongs C. that belong D. which belongs 3. 【2010全国2】I refuse to accept the blame for something ________ was someone else‘s fault. A. who B. that C. as D. what 考点2. 先行词是all, much，little, none或先行词被all, much, little, no, any修饰时 关系词只能用that, 不能用which。 All the people that are present burst into tears. 4. These people once had fame and fortune; now ____ is left to them is utter poverty. A. all that B. all what C. all which D. that all 5. The doctor did all ____to save the wounded boy. A. what he could B. he could C. everything which he could D. for which he could do 6. There is not much ___ can be done. A. that B. which C. what D. how 7. 【2010浙江】_________ that\'s important is that you are doing your best and moving in the right direction. A. One B. All C. Everything D. Anything 8. There is no difficulty ____ can\'t be overcome in the world. A. that B. which C. who D. what 9. All the apples _____ fell down were eaten by the pigs. A. that B. those C. which D. what 10. You can take any seat ___ is free. A. that B. / C. which D. it 考点3. 先行词被最高级、序数词以及 the first, the last, the very, the only, the same 等类似特指这类词修饰时，关系代词常用that，不用which. 11. The most important thing ______ we should pay attention to is the first thing ______ I have said. A. which；that B. that；which C. which；which D. that；that 12. My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing. A. that B. it C. which who 13. The TV play I watched last night is the best one ____ I have watched this year. A. which B. what C. whose D. that 14. This is the very film ___ I\'ve long wished to see. A. which B. that C. who D. whom 15. I like the second football match __________ was held last week. Nothing is possible for a willing heart. (心之所愿，无所不成) A bold attempt is half success. (勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 5 高中英语语法通霸，适合高三复习，也适合高一高二学生学习

A. which B. who C. that D. / 16. This is the last time__ I shall come here to help you. A. that B. which C. when D. what 17. It‘s the third time __________ late this month. A. that you arrived B. when you arrived C. that you‘ve arrived D. when you‘ve arrived 考点4. 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词用that 18. We‘re talking about the piano and the pianist __________ were in the concert we attended last night A. which B. whom C. who D. that 19. Both the girl and her dog ____ were crossing the street were hit by a coming car. A. which B. who C. they D. that 20. All the passengers and suitcases ____ were still waiting on the broken down bus had to be transferred to another long distance bus. A. they B. who C. which D. that 21. He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what 考点5. 注意：关系副词不受这些规则的影响 这只是在选用关系代词时才使用这些规则。如： 22. 【2010福建】Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet _______ life has developed gradually. A. that B. where C. which D. whose 23. This is the same house _____ her grandfather was born. A. that B. where C. which D. whose第4讲 其它有关关系词选择的规则 考点1. 关系代词直接放在介词后面时，要用which，whom;不能用that, who 1. 【2011湖南】Julie was good at German, French and Russian , all of _________ she spoke fluently. A. who B. whom C. which D. that 2. 【2008湖南】The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _____ are beyond our control. A. most of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of that 3. This is the museum ____we saw an exhibition the other day. A. that B. which C. where D. in that 4. 【2009全国I】She brought with her three friends, none of I had ever met before. A. them B. who C. whom D. these 5. 【2010浙江】The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of _______ left their village homes for a better life in the city. A. whom B. which C. them D. those 6. 【2012上海】Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from _ _ you received gifts? A. which B. them C. that D. whom 考点2. 引导非限制性定语从句时，要用which, who, whom, 不用that，也不能省略 7. 【2008浙江】Yesterday she sold her car, ______ she bought a month ago. A. whom B. where C. that D. which 8. 【2010全国1】As a child, Jack studied in a village school, ________ is named after his grandfather. A. which B. where C. what D. that 9. 【2012全国Ⅱ】That evening, ___ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. A. that B. which C. what D. when 10. Yesterday she sold her car, ______she bought a month ago. A. whom B. where C. that D. the one 考点3. 当先行词前面有which，who等疑问代词时，为避免重复，用关系代词that 同理，当先行词是that, those时，用关系代词which或who。 What‘s that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么 Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 11. Who is the person ___ is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower? A. who B. that C. which D. whom 12. Who ____ has the same idea as it will do it in this way. A. who B. that C. whom D. which 13. Who _____ has common sense will do such a thing? A. which B. who C. whom D. that 14. Those __________ not only from books but also through practice will succeed. A. learn B. who C. that learns D. who learn 考点4. 关系代词在从句中作表语或there be结构中的实意主语时, that可指人或物，而且通常省略 (概括为：在从句中位于be后。此条仅作了解) He still talks like the man （that） he was ten years ago. 6 学而时习之，不亦悦乎? 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。 考点5. 当先行词为one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, 他谈起话来仍像十年前一样。 The train is the fastest train （that） there has ever been. all(指人)时，关系代词常用who 这列火车是有史以来最快的火车。 Anyone who is against us is our enemy. 任何反对我My typewriter is not the machine(that)it was. 们的人就是我们的敌人。 我的打字机已不是过去的机器了。 All who heard the story were amazed.所有听到这个故15. She was no longer the woman ___ she was. 事的人都很惊讶。 A. that B. which C. what D. who 比昂英语（原远航英语）系列丛书之 16. She is no longer the sweet girl ___ she used to be. 《高中英语语法通霸 2012版》（适合2013高考） A. what B. who C. when D. that 第5讲 whose可指人也可指物 whose 做关系代词可以指人也可指物，用作定语。 考点1. 若指物，它还可以同of which互换, 指人，则不可与of whom互换 1. He lives in a house. Its window faces south. He lives in a house. The window of it faces south. →He lives in a house whose window faces south. He lives in a house, the window of which faces south. He lives in a house, of which the window faces south. 2. He is the farmer. His son is studying in Qinghua University. 由于我们一般说his son不说the son of him, 说my book, 不说the book of me, 因此我们只能说 He is the farmer whose son is studying in Qinghua University. 而不能说：He is the farmer, the son of whom is studying in Qinghua University. 考点2. 名词前有冠词the时用of which, 名词前没有冠词时用whose 1. That tree, __________ branches are almost bare, is very old. A. whose B. of which C. in which 2. I saw some trees ______ the leaves were black with disease. A. where B. of which C. in which D. whose 3. 【2010陕西】The old temple, _______ roof was damaged in storm, is now under repair. A. where B. which C. its D. whose 4. 【2011全国I】The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination. A. that B. which C. whose D. what 5. She had two brothers and a sister,_____ faces she could remember , because they had died when she was very young. A. none of whose B. none of them C. neither of whose D. all of whose 6. 【2008陕西】The man pulled out a gold watch, were made of small diamonds. A. the hands of whom B. whom the hands of C. which the hands of D. the hands of which 7. 【2009安徽】Many children， parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village． A．their B．whose C．of them D．with whom 8. 【2012天津】I wish to thank Professor Smith, without _______help I would never have got this far. A. who B. whose C. whom D. which 第6讲 as, but, than用作关系代词 考点1. as引导限制性定语从句 as引导限制性定语从句时, as是关系代词，代指the same, so, such和as引导的短语，在定语从句中通常做主语、宾语和表语。常用于下面四种情况： 1. such...as/ such as意为―...的那种...，像那样的‖。 Don‘t trust such men as praise you to your face.(as做主语) 不要相信那种当面吹捧你的人。 You should read only such books as you can understand without much difficulty.(as作宾语) 你应当只读那些你读起来不太难懂的书。 2. the same...as/the same as意为―与...同样的‖ We have arrived at the same conclusion as they have.(as作宾语) 我们已得出和他们同样的结论。 This is the same watch as I lost. (as作宾语) 这同我丢的那块表一样。 Nothing is possible for a willing heart. (心之所愿，无所不成) A bold attempt is half success. (勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 7 高中英语语法通霸，适合高三复习，也适合高一高二学生学习

half done. 3. as+形+冠+n + as，是 as +形+as的一种变化形式。 A. that B. which C. who D. as He is as good as his brother他和他弟弟一样好。这句话还可以表达为： 6. We should read such books ____ will make us better and wiser. He is as good a boy as his brother. A. when B. as C. whose D. what It‘s as pleasant a film as I have ever seen. (as作宾语) 这是一部和我以往看的同样好的电影。 7. This is such a heavy box ____ I can‘t move it. A. as B. that C. which D. whose 4. so+形+冠+n + as，是 such+冠+形+n …as的一种变化形式。 He is such a nice boy. 用so可以表达为： He is so nice a boy. It was so difficult a problem as no one worked out. 这是一道没有人算出来的难题。 考点2. the same…as与the same…that the same…as指同一类，the same…that指同一个 I bought the same car as yours. 我买的那辆汽车和你的一模一样。 This is the same bag (the very bag) that I lost yesterday. 这就是我昨天丢失的那个包 That is the same man that asked for help the day before yesterday. 那就是前天来求助的同一个人 考点3. such…as 和such….that的区别（该用定语从句还是用结果状语从句） such…as “像……样的”, as引导的是定语从句, as做句子成分； such…that“如此……以至于”，that引导的是结果状语从句, that不做句子成分。 判断办法： 8. Pop music is such an important part of society ___ it has even influenced our language. A. as B. that C. which D. where 9. Last term our English teacher set so difficult an examination problem____ none of us worked out. A. as B. that C. which D. whose 10. The man showed us so heavy a stone ___ no one can lift. A. that B. as C. which D and 11. I received ___ nice a gift __ my mother promised. A. the same, as B. as, as C. such, as D. the same, that 12. I want to use the same tools _______used in your factory a few days ago. A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which 13. I have bought the same dress __________ she is wearing. A. as B. that C. which D. what 14. I found the book just ___ I borrowed yesterday so I got it back at once. A. the same that B. the same as C. such as D. such that 15. Tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camera ____ he lost last week. A. which B. that C. whom D. as 如果后面成分完整，用that来引导结果状语从句； 如果后面句子成分不完整，则用as来引导定语从句。 考点4. but用作关系代词（选学内容） He is such a lovely boy that we all love him. but既可指人，也可指物，常在定语从句中充当主语。（成分完整，结果状语从句）译为： but本身含“否定”的意思，其作用相当于“that ／他如此可爱,我们都喜欢他。 which ／who．．．not”。它前面的主句通常有“否定”He is such a lovely boy as we all love . 的词（如：no，not， little，few，hardly等）。(为了（成分不完整，是定语从句）译为： 快速培养语感，也可把but意译为“除了”)。 他是那种我们都喜爱的男孩。 1. There is no mother but loves her own children． （＝There is no mother that／who does not love her 练习 own children．） 1. He is such a lazy man ____ nobody wants to work 没有不爱自己孩子的母亲。 with___. 2. There is no man but feels pity for the starving A as him B that; / C. as; / D. whom; him children. 2. It wasn‘t such a good present ___ he had promised me. A. that B. as C. which D. what 3. These houses are sold at such a low price ___ people expected. A. like B. as C. that D. which 4. He isn\'t such a man ______he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as 5. He is not such a man _______ would leave his work 没有人不为这些饥饿的孩子感到同情的。 3. There are very few but admire his talents.（but = who don\'t） 很少有人不赞赏他的才干的。 4. There is no rule but has exception. 凡规则都有例外。 考点5. than用作关系代词 （选学内容） 8 学而时习之，不亦悦乎?

如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。 than在定语从句中作关系代词，在从句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语，但仍以充当主语为多。在定语从句中，它与关系代词that所起的语法作用是差不多的，只是在翻译或解释时，要比that多一层比较的意味。另外，由than含有比较意味可知，该类定语从句的先行词前通常要有形容词的比较级形式。例如： 1. You make more money than is intended to make.(主语) 你挣得的钱比预计的要多。 2. There were more casualties than was reported. 伤亡人数比报道的要多。 3. Newspapers and other media do more than simply record what happens. 报纸和其它媒体做的不仅仅是记录发生的事情。 写作专练1. as做关系代词很有用（P 19） 第7讲 关系副词 考点1. 关系副词在定语从句中做状语 1. 【2008北京】I‘ll give you my friend‘s home address, I can be reached most evenings. A. which B. when C. whom D. where surprising. A. how B. that C. in which D. 不填 E. B\\C\\D 答案：定语从句恢复为完整的一句话后为：He answered the question in the way. in the way在定语从句中做状语，因此选E。 2. 【2008安徽】All the neighbor admire this family, ______the parents are treating their child like a friend. 7. The way ______he looks at problems is wrong. A. why B. where C. which D. that A. which B. whose C. what D./ 3. 【2009重庆】Life is like a long race _____we 8. That is not the way ______I do it. compete with others to go beyond ourselves. A./ B. which C. for which D. with which A. why B. what C. that D. where 4. 【2009北京】–I find it fun and challenging. It is a job 9. This is the only way _____ you can find. A. that B. 不填 C. in which ___ you are doing something serious but interesting. D. A, B and C E. A and B A. where B. Which C. When D. that 5. 【2012重庆】Sales director is a position _____ communication ability is just as important as sales ability. A. which B. that C. when D. where 6. 【2012浙江】We live in an age ________ more information is available with great ease than ever before. A. why B. when C. to whom D. on which 考点2. the way做先行词 首先要确定the way在定语从句中做什么成分。 如果the way在定语从句中做主语或宾语，要选用关系代词。如： 1. I don‘t like the way ____ will cost too much money. 2. The way____ he thought of to solve the problem was not practical. 在句1中，the way在定语从句中做主语，因此要填关系代词that/which 在句2中，the way在定语从句中做宾语，因此也要用关系代词：that/which/省略 如果the way在定语从句中做状语，关系词用下面三种情况的的任一种都行 ①in which, ②that ③省略 The way ____ he answered the question was 10. I don‘t like the way _____ he spoke to his mother. A. that B. 不填 C. in which D. A, B and C 考点3. situation, case, point, business等后常用关系副词where 11. 【2007江西】After graduation she reached a point in her career___ she needed to decide what to do. A. that B．what C．which D．where 12. 【2009浙江】I have reached a point in my life I am supposed to make decisions of my own. A which B where C how D why 13. 【2003上海】I can think of many cases ____students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn\'t write a good essay. A. why B. which C. as D. where 14. 【2008江西】Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers __ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law. A. where B. when C. who D. which 15. 【2004湖南】I work in a business ____almost everyone is waiting for a great chance. A. how B. which C. where D. that 16. 【2009福建】It‘s helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently. Nothing is possible for a willing heart. (心之所愿，无所不成) A bold attempt is half success. (勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 9 高中英语语法通霸，适合高三复习，也适合高一高二学生学习

A. that B. when C. which D. where 17. In experiments ____ young teens are allowed to sleep as long as they want, they tend to sleep an average of hours. A. that B. which C. where D. when 考点4. occasion(时机)做先行词用关系副词时用when It was a rare -indeed unique -occasion when I was able to put Ritchie right 考点5. when引导非限制性定语从句 18. It was an exciting moment for these football fans this 考点1. 关系代词的省略 1 关系代词作宾语时的省略 当关系代词在定语从句中用作动词宾语或介词宾语且关系代词不直接位于介词后面时，可以省略。如： Is there anything (which) you want? 想要什么东西吗? Who is the man (that, who, whom) you were talking to? 刚才和你讲话的人是谁? 但是，如果是直接用于介词后作宾语，则不可省略。如： This is the room in which I live. 这是我住的那间房间。 2 关系代词在从句中作表语或there be结构中的实意主语时, that可指人或物，而且通常省略 China is not the country (that) it was in the old times. 中国已不是旧时代的中国了。 The old man is not the man (that) he was. 这个老人已不是以前那个样子了。 This is the fastest computer（that） there has ever been. 这是有史以来运算最快的计算机。 考点2. 关系副词的省略 关系副词when的省略 用作时间状语的关系副词when通常不能省略，但若用于day, year, time, the moment等少数几个词后时可以省略(也可换成that)。如： That was the year (that) I first went abroad. 就是那一年我第一次出国了。 year, ___ for the first time in years their team won the world cup. A. that B. while C. which D. when 19. The rainbow can‘t be seen at noon, ____ the sun is high in the sky. A. while B. when C. so D. that 20. Christmas is the only time of the year, ___ men and women open their hearts freely and think of other people. A. while B. when C. so D. that 21. We played in the garden till sunset，___ it began to rain． A. when B. after C. while D. then 第8讲 关系词的省略(仅供了解) I‘ll never forget the day (that) we met. 我永远也忘不了我们见面的那一天。 .By the time (when) he was fourteen years old, Einstein had learnt advanced mathematics all by himself. 到十四岁时，爱因斯坦已经自学了高等数学。 Do you still remember the day(when) we first met? 你还记得我们第一次见面的那一天吗？ 关系副词where的省略 用作地点状语的关系副词where通常不能省略，但若用于place, somewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere等几个词后时可以省略(也可换成that)。如： This is the place (where) we met for the first time. 这是我们第一次见面的地方。 Do you have anywhere (that) I can lie down for an hour? 你有没有一个什么地方可以让我躺一个小时？ 关系副词why的省略 关系副词why通常只用于the reason后引导定语从句，且通常可换成that或for which，均可省略。如： That‘s the reason (why, for which, that) he came. 这就是他来的原因。 Give me one reason (why) we should help you. 给我举出一个我们应当帮助你的理由 第9讲 介词＋关系代词 考点1. 关系代词直接跟在介词后时，只可用whom或 which,不可用who, that 10 学而时习之，不亦悦乎? 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。 (参看P6考点1) 考点2. from where为“介词＋关系副词“结构，可以引导定语从句 例如： We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town.. 1. China is the birthplace of kites, _____ kite flying spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India. A. from that B. from where C. from there D. from here 考点3. 像look after, look for等固定短语动词 在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。 例如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of. 2. This is the baby __tomorrow. A. after whom I shall look B. whom I shall look after C. whose I shall look after D. after whom I shall look after 考点4. 部分与整体用of 3. The course normally attracts 20 students per year, ___ up to half will be from overseas. A. in which B. for which C. with which D. of whom 4. There are many books on science, ___ this is one example. A. which B. from which C. of which D. into which 5. 【2008四川】For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, ____ New York is an example. A. for which B. in which C. of which D. from which 6. 【2012四川】In our class there are 46 students, _____ half wear glasses. A. in whom B. in them C. of whom D. of them 考点5. 介词的选择：看前看后看意思 看与先行词的搭配 7. The bicycle ___ he often rides needs repairing. A. on which B. in which C. by which D. with which 8. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _____they can be controlled on purpose. A. with which B. to which C. of which D. for which 9. 【2012全国Ⅱ】100℃ is the temperature ___ which water will boil. A. for B. at C. on D. of 10. The world ______ is made up of matter. A. in that we live B. on which we live C. where we live in D. we live in 11. 【2008上海】We went through a period ______ communications were very difficult in the rural areas. A. which B. whose C. in which D. with which 12. 【2012湖南】Care of the soul is a gradual process _____even the small details of life should be considered. A. what B. in what C. which D. in which 看谓语的搭配 13. The two things __________ they felt very proud are Jim‘s gold watch and Della‘s hair. A. about which B. of which C. in which D. for which 14. Henry set up a club for football fans, ______ he invited all his friends. A. for whom B. to whom C. to which D. from which 15. 【2010上海】Wind power is an ancient source of energy _______ we may return in the near future. A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which 16. Is this just the city ____ the foreign guests wish to pay a visit _____. A. which, in B. to which, / C. that, to D. to that, / 17. He is a man of great experience, __________ much can be learned. A. who B. that C. from which D. from whom 18. In the dark street, there wasn‘t a single person ____ she could turn for help. A. whom B. who C. to whom D. form whom 19. The pen ______he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which 20. Last summer we visited the West Lake, ______Hangzhou is famous in the world. A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what 21. 【2009陕西】Gun control is a subject ____ Americans have argued for a long time. A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which 根据句子意思 22. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _______ he could see _____ was going on inside the house. A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; what D. what; that 23. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m., ___ many people have gone home. A. whose time B. that C. on which D. by which time Nothing is possible for a willing heart. (心之所愿，无所不成) A bold attempt is half success. (勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 11 高中英语语法通霸，适合高三复习，也适合高一高二学生学习

24. 【2008上海春】Villagers here depend on the fishing industry，_________ there won‘t be much work A. where B. that C. by which D. without which 25. 【2008福建】By nine o‘clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qumolangma, ____ appeared a rare rainbow soon. A. of which B. on which C. from which D. above which 第10讲 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 形式上 意义上 限制性定语从句 不用逗号和主句隔开 是先行词不可缺少的定语，不能删除 翻译成先行词的定语，―…的…‖ 非限制性定语从句 用逗号和主句隔开 是对先行词的补充说明，删除后意思仍完整 通常翻译成主句的并列句 译法上 关系词的使用上 A. 做宾语时可省略 B.可用that A.不可省 B.不用that C. 可用who代替whom C.不用who代替whom English. He returned all the books, which are written in English. 3. The man who lives next door is a doctor. My sister, who lives next door, is a doctor. 4. A student who studies hard will make good progress. The student, who lives far from school, is the captain of their football team. 考点2. As，which引导的非限制性定语从句 ① as引导的非限制性定语从句位臵较灵活，可以位于主句前面．中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。 ②as引导非限制性从句，常带有\'正如\'。当从句为否定时不能用as ③as, which 可指代一句话，也可指代一句话的一部分。 ④非限制性定语从句将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。 ⑤as is often the case是常用说法，意为“象往常那样；正如经常发生的那样”。 1. He returned home safe and sound after a fierce battle, ____ was unexpected. A. which B. as C. that D. it 2. 【2010四川】After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling，______ turned out to be a wise decision． A. that B. which C. when D. where 3. Eric received training in computer for one year, ____ 考点1. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 ⑴限制定语从句紧跟先行词，同先行词之间一般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词，可以由关系代词、关系副词或that来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明，用逗号与主句隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用that引导。 例如： This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。【限制性】 The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。【非限制性】 当先行词是专有名词或有物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如： Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。 My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我的房子，去年买的，带着个漂亮的花园。 This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。 练习： 翻译下列句子，注意体会限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句在表达意思上的区别： 1. He has a brother who is a physicist. He has a brother, who is a physicist. 2. He returned all the books which are written in 12 学而时习之，不亦悦乎? 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。 he found a job in a big company. A. after that B. after which C. after it D. after this 4. You were very impolite to him, for ______ you should make an apology to him, I think. A. this B. which C. what D. that 5. 【2011北京】Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _________, of course, make all the others upset. A. who B. which C. what D. that 6. His movie won several awards at the film festival, ___ was beyond his wildest dream. A. which B. that C. where D. it 7. 【2008全国II】The road conditions there turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect. A. it B. what C. which D. that 13. If the low-income families cannot afford to purchase medical insurance, ___ was the case with Wang Lin, other measures to reduce poverty will not succeed. A. It B. Which C. As D. That 14. The Beatles, _____ many of you are told enough to remember, came from Liverpool. A. what B. that C. how D. as 15. He must be from Africa, __________ can be seen from his skin A. that B. as C. who D. what 16. 【2012福建】The air quality in the city, ______ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months. A. that B. it C. as D. what 17. 【2012安徽】Ａlot of language learning, has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during 8. 【2009全国II】My friend showed me round the town, that period. ______ was very kind of him.学 A. as B. it C. which D. this A. which B. that C. where D. it 9. 【2009山东】Whenever I met her,_________ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. A. who B. which C. when D. that 10. 【2012北京】When deeply absorbed in work, ______ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping. A. that B. which C. where D. when 11. ____ might be expected, the response to the question was very mixed. A. As B. That C. It D. What 12. 【2004 江苏】________ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. A. Which B. When C. What D. As 写作专练2. as, which 引导非限制性定语从句（P 19） 写作专练3. 使用非限制性定语从句，是写出长的高级句子的最常用的方法（P 19） 第11讲 同位语从句和定语从句 同位语从句和定语从句很相似,但还是有区别的,区别主要在以下三方面: 1. 从词类上区别 同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility, promise, order等有一定内涵的名词；而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词，主句的一部分或是整个主句。如: We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting. 我们正在调查的问题不是他是否值得信赖的问题。（同位语从句） Word came that he had been abroad. 据说他已经出国了。（同位语从句） Our team has won the game, which made us very happy. 我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴。（定语从句） The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room. 你找的那位医生在房间里面。（定语从句） 2. 从性质上区别 定语从句对其先行词起修饰或限制作用，功能上相当于形容词；而同位语从句是对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释，是名词的具体内容，属于名词性从句的范畴。如: The news that our team has won the game was true. 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。<同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息> The news that he told me yesterday was true. Nothing is possible for a willing heart. (心之所愿，无所不成) A bold attempt is half success. (勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 13

高中英语语法通霸，适合高三复习，也适合高一高二学生学习

昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。 <定语从句, 指他告诉我的消息。> I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich. 我许诺如果谁让我自由,我就让他非常富有。 <同位语从句,补充说明promise的内容> The mother made a promise that pleased all her children. 妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺。 <定语从句, promise在从句中作pleased的主语> 3. 引导词上的区别 1. 引导词that 引导词that引导定语从句时，做从句的一个成分，有时可用which替换，作宾语时常常省略；而that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用,不充当任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which来代替。 练习：判断下列句子是同位语从句还是定语从句： ①The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 我们应派几个人去帮别的小组的命令昨天收到了。 ②The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups. 我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组。 解析： ①是同位语从句，是对order的具体解释，that虽不作成分，但不能省略。 ②是定语从句，是名词order的修饰语，that在从句中作received的宾语，可以换为which，也可以省略。 2. who, whose, whom, which, when, where, why除引导定语从句外，也可引导同位语从句。how, whether, what虽不能引导定语从句，却可引导同位语从句（参看：P错误！未定义书签。错误！未找到引用源。） 区别： A. 定语从句的引导词在意思上反映的是先行词的意思，而同位语从句的引导词在意思上和前面的词没有联系。 B. 在定语从句中，关系副词可以换为介词+关系代词，而引导同位语从句的连接副词却不能换为介词+连接代词的形式。 练习：判断下列句子是同位语从句还是定语从句： 1) That question whether we need it has not been considered. 2) I have no idea what has happened to him. 3) I haven‘t answered the question how I will deal with it. 4) The school where Bob studies is in the middle of the city 5) The decision when we should get started hasn‘t been made. 答案及解析： 1），2），3）是同位语从句，它们是在说明前面词的内容, whether, what和how不能引导定语从句。 4）是定语从句，where反映的是先行词的意思，可以换为in which. 5) 是同位语从句。从句是在说明decision的内容。when并没有反映the decision的意思。when也不能改为 at which time. 练习题: 1. 【2004上海春】Along with the letter was his promise ____ he would visit me this coming Christmas. A. which B. that C. what D. whether 2. You can depend on whatever promise _______ he makes. A. / B. why C. when D. whose 3. The news ____ he has been elected president of the United States is true. A. that B which C. what D. where 4. The news ____ you told me yesterday is true. A. that B when C. what D. where 5. 【2006重庆】Nobody believed his reason for being absent form the class_____ he had to meet his uncle at the air port. A. why B. that C. where D. because 6. Is this the reason ______ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? A. that B. what C. how D. why 7. Galileo collected the facts _____ proved the earth and all the other planets move around the sun. A. that B. which C. 不填 D. A and B 8. Galileo discovered the fact _____ the earth and all the other planets move around the sun. A. that B. which C. 不填 D. A and B 9. 【2006安徽】A warm thought suddenly came to me ____ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother\'s birthday. A. if B. when C. that D. which 10. 【2012上海】There is much truth in the idea _

kindness is usually served by frankness. A. why B. which C. that D. whether 第12讲 定语从句与易混句型 14 学而时习之，不亦悦乎? 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。 一个句子如果出现两个主谓结构，要么是并列句，要么是复合句。是并列句时要有and, so, but等并列连词或分号。是复合句时也要有连接词。总之，只用逗号而不用连接词简单的把两个主谓结构连接到一起的句子是错误的。 两个主谓结构在一起没有连词时，有四种改法。如： I like English, my English is very good.× I like English and my English is very good.√ As I like English, my English is very good. √ I like English; my English is good. √ I liking English, my English is good. √ <参看P错误！未定义书签。错误！未找到引用源。> 考点1. 定语从句与同位语从句 （参看P13第11讲） 考点2. 定语从句与地点状语从句 定语从句有表示地点的先行词，而地点状语从句则没有；定语从句的关系词根据需要可用―介词＋which‖来代替where，而地点状语从句则通常只能由 where引导。 A. where; B where /on which ①Rice doesn?t grow well __ there is not enough water ②I still remember the farm ___ my parents worked ten years ago． 答案：① A ② B 1. Sometimes the wagons had to be lifted or pulled up, ___ were no roads. A. where B. where there C. in which D. in which there 【D为什么不行？】 2. Go and get your coat. It‘s ___ you left it. A. there B. where C. there where D. where there 【 C为什么不行?】 3. When you read the book, you\' d better make a mark _____ you have any questions. A. at which B. at where C. the place D. where 4. The house stood _____ there had been a rock. A. which B. at which C. when D. where【B. 为什么不行?】 5. .【2006四川】---Mom, what did your doctor say? ---He advised me to live ____ the air is fresher. A. in where B. in which C. the place where D. where 6. 【2006天津】If you are traveling ____ the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do. A. in which B. what C. when D. where 考点3. 定语从句与结果状语从句 这里主要指such．．．as／that （参看P8考点3） 考点4. 定语从句与并列句 并列句有像and，but，so等并列连词或分号连接，这时就不必再用关系词了；而定语从句中，关系词起着连接作用，不必要再用and, but，so等连词。 （参看 两个主谓结构时P错误！未定义书签。错误！未找到引用源。） A. them; B. they C. whom ①He has three daughters, none of ___ is an engineer. ②He has three daughters, but none of __ is a dancer. ③He has three daughters； _____ are doctors. 答案：①C ②A ③A 7. In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of ____are women. A. them B. which C. whom D. who 8. I have five friends, but none of _____ are businessmen. A. that B. whom C. they D. them E. who 9. I have five friends ,_____ are businessmen. A. that B. who C. they D. them 10. 【2012山东】Maria has written two novels, both of ________ have been made into television series. A. them B. that C. which D. what 11. _____ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress. A．It B. As C. What D. That 12. _____ is reported in the newspaper that talks between the two countries are making progress. A. It B. As C. What D. That 13. ____ talks between the two countries are making progress is reported in the newspaper. A. It B. As C. What D. That 14. ____ is reported in the newspaper is that talks between the two countries are making progress. A. It B. As C. What D. That 15. A survey was carried out on the death rate of new-born babies in that region, ___ were surprising. A. as results B. which results C. the results of it D. the results of which 16. The young mother saw her baby fall to the ground, ______ brought her heart to her mouth. A. it B. and that C. and which D. that 17. He studied hard and later became a well-known writer, ____ his father expected. A. that was what B. what was that C. and which was D. which was what 18. They believed that the spirits are with the body of the dead person for three days; ___ there is always someone to stay with the dead person. A. during this time B. during which time C. during which D. during when Nothing is possible for a willing heart. (心之所愿，无所不成) A bold attempt is half success. (勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 15 高中英语语法通霸，适合高三复习，也适合高一高二学生学习

考点5. 定语从句与独立主格结构 有关系词引导的定义从句要有完整的谓语，而独立主构结构则没有完整的谓语，且不需要连接词。 <参看P错误！未定义书签。错误！未找到引用源。> 考点6. 定语从句与强调句型 看下面两个题 ①It was on the National Day___ she met with her separated sister. A. that B. where C. when D. which （选C可以吗？为什么？） ②When did you get to know him? stIt was on the morning of May 1 _____ I was playing in the Park. A. that B. when 该用强调句型的如果用定语从句，语义不完整。 在②中，如果选A的话，则译为―我在公园玩是在五一的上午（而不是别的时间）‖；这样，就是所答非所问了。选B的话，译为―是在我在公园玩的那个五一的上午‖。因此答案为B。B可以看作后面省略了that I got to know him. 该用定语从句的，如果用按强调句型去理解，所答非所问。 19. 【2008全国II】It was in New Zealand ___ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith. A. that B. how C. which D. when 20. It was on the National Day___ she met with her separated sister. A. that B. where C. when D. which 在①中，如果选C，把后面看作定语从句，语法上也21. It was evening _______we reached the little town of Winchester. 说得过去，是在她遇到与她分别的妹妹的那个国庆A that B. until C. since D. before 节，但什么是在这个国庆节？语义不完整。如果把when she met with her separated sister看作时间状语，22. It is our parents ____we depend on when we are in trouble. 把it看作表示时间，这样怎样？还是不行！需要把A. who B. whom C. that D. 不填 on去掉才行！【参看P错误！未定义书签。 错误！未找到引用源。】因此要选A，她遇到她分别的妹妹23. 【2007 山东】—Where did you get to know her? —It was on the farm _________ we worked. 是在国庆节。这样语义就完整了。我们可以看出： A. that B. there C. which D. where 第13讲 定语从句的其它常见考点 考点1. 先行词与定语从句隔离 定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分，构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。例如： ①This is the article written by him that I spoke to you about.. ②He was the only person in this country who was invited 1. 【2011福建】She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ____ allows them to communicate freely with each other. A. which B. where C. what D. who 2. 【2011上海】You‘ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ____ you can hire to reach your host family. A. which B. where C. when D. as 3. 【2011天津】The days are gone ________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living. A. when B. that C. where D. which 4. 【2012浙江】Ellen was a painter of birds and nature, _______, for some reason , had withdrawn from all human society. A. which B. who C. where D. whom 5. 【2012江苏】After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, _____ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive. A. which B. who C. where D. what 考点2. one of, the one of, the only one of one of 加名词复数 后跟定语从句时，先行词是前面名词复数，从句谓语用复数； the one of/ the only one of加名词复数 后跟定语从句时，先行词是the one/the only one，从句谓语用单数。 ①Tom is one of the students who ______ good at playing football. ②Tom is the only/very one of the students who ______ good at playing football. ③Tom is the one of the students who ______ good at playing football. 在①中，定语从句的先行词是the students, 这些学生都擅长踢足球，而Tom是他们中的一个, 因此who代指的是the students, 因此填are。 在②中，Tom就是那些学生中唯一擅长踢足球的那一个。擅长踢足球的只有一人，因此，who代指一个人，16 学而时习之，不亦悦乎? 如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。 后面填is。此时，先行词是the one。此时，the one有两个定语，of the students和后面的定语从句。 第③句同第②句差不多。擅长踢足球的还是只有一人，因此，先行词是the one。 6. She is one of the few girls who _____ passed the examination. A. was B. were C. has D. have 7. It is one of the best books_____. A. that have ever been written B. that has ever been written! C. Which have been written D. which has been written 8. Jack was the one of my classmates who ______ invited to attend the contest. A. had B. have C. was D. were 9. This is the very one of the most interesting films _____ shown last week. A. which was B. that was C. which were D. that were 10. He is the only one of the students who ___ a winner of scholarship for 3years. A. is B. are C. have been D. has been 考点3. what 不能引导定语从句, one 作同位语 11. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, __ I will always treasure. A. that B. one C. it D. what 12. Her sister has become a lawyer, __ she wanted to be. A. who B. that C. what D. which 13. Miss Smith is a strict but good teacher,___ often cares about our life and study at school. A. one who B. whoever C. the one D. the person 14. For Tim this was the beginning of a new life, ____ he thought he would never see. A. what B. that C. one D. it 15. 【2010山东】Helping others is a habit, ________ you can learn even at an early age. A. it B. that C. what D. one 考点4. Is this school the one与Is this the school 看下面两题： 1) Is this school ____ we visited three years ago? A. the one B. which C. that D. where 2) Is this the school ____ we visited three years ago? A. the one B. where C. in which D. / 要简化难题，可把疑问句恢复成陈述句。在第一句中，恢复陈述句，is要放到school的后面。如果放到this的后面的话，就构成了this is school, 而school作为可数名词单数是不能单独使用的，前面要用冠词或物主代词或指示代词。（参看：P错误！未定义书签。错误！未找到引用源。） 两题的答案：A D 16. Is this photo ___ you took on the Great Wall that day? A. which B. what C. the one D. that 17. Is this factory __________ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 18. Is this the factory __________ he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which 19. Is this factory _____ color TV sets are produced. A. where B. the one where C. that D. in which 20. This is the factory ____ produces colors TV sets. A. where B. the one where C. that D. in which 写作专练4. 综合运用本章所学定语从句内容（P 20） 第二部分 专题过关测试 1. 【2011安徽】Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _____ it will keep for two or three weeks. A. when B. which C. where D. while 2. I‘ll tell you __________ he told me last week. A. all which B. that C. all that D. which 3. Mr. John said that Suzhou was the first city ___ he had visited in China. A. that B. where C. which D. what 4. The school ______ my father teaches is a world-famous one, ___ was set up 100 years ago. Nothing is possible for a willing heart. (心之所愿，无所不成) A bold attempt is half success. (勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 17 高中英语语法通霸，适合高三复习，也适合高一高二学生学习

A. where；which B. which；which C. /；where D. where；that 5. Who is the woman ____ is sweeping the floor over there? A. who B. / C. that D. when 6. I have bought such a watch _______ was advertised on TV. A. that B. which C. as D. it 7. Sound waves travel in the air in much the same way ___water waves spread on the water. A. as B. that C. where D. in which 8. The time is not far away ___ modem communications will become widespread in China‘s vast countryside. A. when B. before C. until D. as 9. This is the only one of the students whose performance ____ won a prize. A. is B. are C. has D. have 10. 【2006山东】We\'re just trying to reach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk. A. where B. that C. when D. which 11. I, ___your good friend, will try my best to help you out. A. who is B. who am C. that is D. which am 12. The old man has two sons, ___are lawyers. A. both of them B. both of who C. both of whom D. both of they 13. Air, ___we breathe every day, is around us all the time. A. that B. / C. which D. it 14. This is the museum ____we saw an exhibition the other day. A. that B. which C. where D. in that 15. This museum is ___you visited the other day. A. that B. which C. where D. the one 16. This is the museum ___you saw the other day. A. that B. where C. in which D. in that 17. It is the third time ___late this month. A. that you arrived B. when you arrived C. that you‘ve arrived D. when you‘ve arrived 18. We often think of the days ___we spent together on the island. A. when B. which C. in which D. during which 19. Have you ever been to Shanghai, ____I left ten years ago? A. where B. which C. that D. when 20. He has left for Beijing, ___a meeting is to be held. A. when B. where C. as D. which 21. This is the very place ___I‘m wishing to live in. A. where B. which C. that D. in which 22. I have bought the same dress ____she is wearing. A. as B. that C. which D. than 23. Can you solve such problems ___raised by the audience? A. what were B. as were C. that were D. which were 24. The reason ___he didn‘t come was ____he was injured. A. that, because B. why, that C. why, because D. that, that 25. He must be from Africa, ____can be seen from his skin. A. that B. as C. it D. what 26. His father died last year, ____made it impossible for him to go abroad. A. when B. which C. as D. that 27. ___is natural, he married Mary. A. It B. What C. Which D. As 28. The buses, ____were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. 18 学而时习之，不亦悦乎?

如果说学习有捷径可走，那么它就是勤奋；如果说知识就是力量，那么它就是实践。 A. most of them B. most of which C. which most D. that most 29. In the dark street, there wasn‘t a single person ______she could turn for help. A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom 30. She showed me the dictionary ___she paid a lot of money. A. by which B. to which C. for which D. on which 第三部分 写作能力提升 写作专练1. as做关系代词很有用（参看P7考点1 ） 1. 他如此幽默以致我们都大笑起来。（his humor was such, burst into laughter） 2. 起初，我认为李老师有点怪，因为他总是问一些没人能回答的问题。（kind of odd, such questions as） 3. 他不是一个把今天事拖到明天做这样的一个人。（such a man, put off…until tomorrow） 4. 我们应当读一些使我们明智的书。（such books as, wiser） 5. 在我生日那天，我收到了像母亲承诺的那样好的一件礼物。（receive as good a gift） 6. 我在他的书包里发现了我前几天丢的那只钢笔，这支笔是我朋友送给我的生日礼物。我怒不可遏了。（the same, a gift from, contain my anger） 写作专练2. as, which 引导非限制性定语从句（参看P12考点2 ） 1. 我发现一个老人躺在马路上，我乘出租车立即把他送到了医院，这就是那天上午我迟到的原因。（find somebody doing, take…to, ） 2. 正在一句谚语所说，如果没有一个强壮的身体，一个人会一事无成。（saying, a sound body, achieve） 3. 正在图表所显示的那样，这个城市的空气质量在过去两年越来越糟。（as is shown in the chart, the air quality） 4. 我在汉语演讲比赛中获一等奖，这我做梦也没有想到。（win the first prize, Chinese speech competition, beyond my wildest dreams.） 5. 在我国，许多学生上不起大学，李华就是这种情况，但这些人却花这么多钱买奢侈品。（can‘t afford the fees to, as is the case with, waste money buying, luxury） 写作专练3. 使用非限制性定语从句，是写出长的高级句子的最常用的方法（参看P 12考点1） 1. 我们的学校，位于内乡西北角，有34年历史。（be located in, have a history of） 2. 我们学校里的老师，大多数都是三十多岁，把他们一切都奉献给了我们。（in one‘s thirties, devote oneself to） Nothing is possible for a willing heart. (心之所愿，无所不成) A bold attempt is half success. (勇敢的尝试，是成功的一半) 19 高中英语语法通霸，适合高三复习，也适合高一高二学生学习

3. 我们学校的领导，都年轻有为，他们也都是教学方面的专家，还经常到外地学习先进的教学和管理经验。(young and successful in their careers, expert, advanced theories in teaching and management) 4. 我们学校有四千多学生，大多数都能用心学习。(the majority of, put one‘s heart into) 5. 我为我们的学校而感到自豪。在这里，如果我们好好学习的话，一定会考上名牌大学。(be proud of, there is a good chance that, be admitted to) 写作专练4. 综合运用本章所学定语从句内容，翻译下列句子（参看P错误！未定义书签。错误！未找到引用源。 ） 1. 但是，现在许多公司关心的却是怎样挣到更多的钱，不管环境受到怎样的破坏。（However, all, care about, make money, no matter how seriously, the environment，damage） 2. 我的家乡已不再是十年前的那个小村庄了，那时到处都是破旧房子，人们食不果腹。（My hometown, the little village, when, worn old houses, hardly feed themselves） 3. 那个小学的许多学生，他们的父母远在大城市打工，不得不由他们的祖父母照看，而他们的祖父母许多连自己都照顾不了了。（primary school, whose parents, work as migrant workers, be taken care of, grandparents） 4. 他是那些学生中唯一一个连续三次获得一等奖的学生。（the only one, win the first prize, in a row） 5. 参观你所在地城市是一次难忘的经历，一次我将永生珍视的经历。（visiting your city, experience, one, value for the rest of my life） 写作专练1. 20 学而时习之，不亦悦乎?

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