高中英语 河南洛阳市汝阳一高高三年级上学期一轮复习之动词不定式的用法与练习(含答案)

动词不定式的用法与练习

动词不定式一般由“to +动词原形”构成，它在句中起名词、形容词或副词的作用，同时也保留着动词的一些特征，可以有自己的宾语或状语。在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语、补足语

下面就不定式的用法简要归纳如下：

一、作主语，不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作。

To climb the mountain road was hard work but to go down the hills was great fun.

上山很艰难，而下山却很好玩。

To see is to believe 。眼见为实。

To help others is our duty。帮助别人是我们的职责。

注意：在日常英语中，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语---不定式放在谓语后面。

例如：It is our duty to help others。帮助别人是我们的职责。

It's important for the figures to be updated regularly.

经常性地更新数据是非常重要的。

二、作宾语。例如：

The car is so expensive that I can not afford to buy one。这车这么贵我买不起。

注意：1）不定式作宾语常见的有下列动词：want，wish，like，hate，prefer，hope，decide，manage，try，offer，begin，start，remember，forget，agree，choose，learn，pretend，promise，mean，intend，expect，desire 等。例如：

She is such a nice girl that he has decided to marry her。

她是一个如此好的女孩以致于他决心要娶她。

2）如果作宾语的不定式有宾语补足语时，常用it作形式宾语，将真正的宾语后置。

I find it impossible to change her idea. 我发现不可能改变她的想法。

We all think it very important to tell right from wrong。我们都认为明辨是非很重要。

三、作表语。例如：

His ambition is to become an actor. 他的理想就是成为一名演员。

Her duty is to look after the children。她的职责是照顾小孩。

注意：当主语部分有实义动词do 时，做表语的不定式可以省略to。例如：

All she could do was go back home.她所能做的就是回家。

四、作定语。

动词不定式作定语通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后，与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓、动宾关系或同位关系。例如：

She is always the first to come and the last to leave.(主谓关系)

她总是第一个来最后一个离开。

I can't think of any good advice to give her.(动宾关系)

我想不出任何好的建议给她。

I have a lot of work to do. (动宾关系) 我有很多工作要做。

His last appeal, to come and see her, went unanswered.(同位关系)

没有人答应他最后要来看她的请求。

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We all have a common desire to go to a key university。(同位关系)

我们都有一个共同的愿望—上一所重点大学。

注意：作定语的不定式的动词要和被修饰的名词或代词之间构成动宾关系。如果这个不定式的动词是不及物动词，它后面要有合适的介词。例如：

There is nothing to worry about。没有什么值得担忧的。

五、作补足语。可以作主语补足语和宾语补足语。

感官动词和短语(see，watch，observe，notice，look at，hear，listen to，feel)后面的宾语补足语常见的有三种非谓语动词形式(do/doing/done)。do 表主动和完成(被动句中to还原)，doing表主动或正在进行，done 表被动或完成。

例如：The room is found to be empty。这房间被发现是空的。（作主语补足语）We know this to be a fact我们知道这是事实。（作宾语补足语）2．动词let, make, have, get, leave, keep, find后接非谓语动词形式作补足语。

On the contrary, those who let teenagers experience the consequences of their actions can do better.

相反，那些让青少年经历了他们行动结果的人能够做得更优秀。

3．固定短语，如advise/allow/encourage/request/warn sb.to do sth.等。

4．with/without的复合结构：with＋n.＋doing (主动、进行)/done(被动、完成)/to do(目的、

将来)。

Without anyone noticing, I stole into the room.

六、作状语。表示目的、原因、结果等。

He turned the radio up to make us hear the important news。

他把收音机开大为的是让我们都听到那重要新闻。（表示目的）

（1）表示目的的不定式除了用to 以外，也可用in order to 和so as to 表示。例如：We will continue our campaign to prevent and control air pollution to make our sky blue again.

我们将继续我们的运动，以预防和控制空气污染，使我们的天空再次蔚蓝。

We got up very early to/in order to/so as to catch the first bus。

我们起得很早为的是赶上第一班车。

注意：so as to 不可以放句首。例如：

可以说：In order to /To catch the first bus，we got up very early。

不可以说：So as to catch the first bus ，we got up very early。

（2）表原因的不定式多用于表示人的情感的形容词或过去分词如glad，happy，sorry，lucky，angry，proud，ready，pleased，delighted，ashamed，frightened 等后面。例如：

I am very sorry to hear that。听到那很难过。

We are surprised to find him there。看到他在那里我们感到很惊奇。

（3）表结果的不定式多用于下列结构中：

1）so…as t o…（如此…以致于…）例如：

I am not so foolish to believe a man like him.我可没有那么傻会相信像他那样的人。

2）to o…t o…（太…而不能…）例如：

The boy was too frightened to move . 那个男孩太害怕了以致于一动不动。

3）形容词/副词+enough +to +不定式。例如：

The boy is old enough to go to school。这小孩到了上学的年龄了。

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4）only to +不定式。此结构多表示未曾料到的和不愉快的结果。例如：He hurried to the railway station，only to be told that the train had left。

他匆匆赶往车站，结果被告知火车已离开。

七、作插入语。常见的有to tell（you）the truth（老实说）、to be frank（坦白说）、

to be exact（精确地说）、to be brief（简言之）、to be fair（说句公道话）。to begin /start with （首先）例如：

To tell（you）the truth，the movie I saw yesterday evening was a great disappointment to me.

说实在的，昨晚我看的电影使我大为失望。

【能力测试】

1．The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ______.

A. sit .

B. sit on

C. be sat

D. be sat on

2.----Do you have anything ______,sir? ----No, thank you.

A. to type

B. typing

C. to be typed

D. type

3.He tried many times to sneak(偷偷溜走)across the border to a neighbouring country, ____each time.

A. having been caught

B. unfortunately caught

C. always being caught

D. only to be caught

4. The way she thought of ____enough money was to sell her hair.

A. and get .

B. to get

C. getting

D. for getting

5.I lost my way in complete darkness and, ____matters worse, it began to rain.

A. made

B. having made .

C. making

D. to make

6.Which do you enjoy ____your spare time, playing cards at home or taking a walk in the park?

A. spending

B. to spend

C. having spent

D. to have spent

7. I’d rather have a room of my own, however small it is, than ____a room with someone else.

A. to share

B. sharing

C. to have shared

D. share

8. There are many interesting books____, but I’m at a loss which to borrow.

A. to choose

B. for choosing

C. to be chosen

D. to choose from

Keys: 1.B 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.D 6.B 7.D 8.D.

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