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一 There are three kinds of goals: short-term,medium-range and long-term goals. Short-range goals are those that usually deal with current activities,which we can ap

ply on a daily basis.Such goals can be achieved in a week or less,or two weeks,or possible months.It should be remembered that just as a building is no stronger than its foundation ,out long-term goals cannot amount to very munch without the achievement of solid short-term goals.Upon completing our short-term goals,we should date the occasion and then add new short-term goals that will build on those that have been completed. The intermediate goals bukld on the foundation of the short-range goals.They might

deal with just one term of school or the entire school year,or they could even extend for several years.Any time you move a step at a time,you should never allow yourself to become discouraged or overwhelmed. As you complete each step,you will enforce the belief in your ability to grow adn succeed.And as your list of completion dates grow,your motivation and desire will increase. Long-range goals may be related to our dreams of the future. They might cover five

years or more. Life is not a static thing.We should never allow a long-term goal to limit us or our course of action. 1.Our long-term goals mean a lot__. a.if we complete our short-range goals b.if we cannot reach solid short-term goals c.if we write down the dates d.if we put forward some plans 2.New short-term goals are bulid upon__. a.two years b.long-term goals c.current activities d.the goals that have been completed 3.When we complete each step of our goals ,__. a.we will win final success b.we are overwhelmed c.we should build up confidence of success d.we should strong desire for setting new goals 4.Once our goals are drawn up,__. a.we should stick to them until we complete them b.we may change our goals as we have new ideas and opportunities c.we had better wait for the exciting news of success d.we have made great decision 5.It is implied but not stated in the passage that ___. a.those who habe long-term goals will succeed b.writing down the dates may discourage you c.the goal is only a guide for us to reach our desination d.every should have a goal 答案：adcbc 二

The economy of the United states after 1952 was the econnomy of a well-fed,almost

fully employed people. Despit occasional alarms, the country escaped any postwar depression and lived in a state of boom. A n economic survey of the year 1955, a typical year of the 1950’s, may be typical as illustrating the rapid economic growth of the decade. The national output was value at 10 percent above that of 1954 (1955 output was estimated at 392 billion dollars). The production of manufacturers was about 40 percent more than it had averaged in the years immediately following World War 2. The country’s business spent about 30billion dollars for new factories and machinery. National income available for spending was almost a third greater than it had been it had been in 1950. Consumers spent about 256 billion dollars; that is about 700 million dollars a day ,or about twenty-five million dollars every hour , all round the clock. Sixty-five million people held jobs and only a little more than two million wanted jobs but could not find them . Only agriculture complained that it was not sharing in the room. To some observers this was an ominous echo of the mid-1920’s . As farmer’s shre of their products declined , marketing costs rose. But there were , among the observers of the national economy, a few who were not as confident as the majority . Those few seemed to fear that the boom could not last and would eventually lead to the oppsite-depression. 1. What is the best title of the passage? a. The Agriculatural Trends of 1950’s b. The Unemployment Rate of 1950’s c. U.S. Economy in the 50’s d. The Federal Budget of 1952 2. In Line 4 , the word “boom” could best be replaced by______. a. nearby explosion b. thunderous noise c. general public support d. rapid economic growth 3. It can be inferred the national from the passage that most people in the United S

tates in 1955 viewed the national economy with an air of _________. a. confidence b. confusion c. disappointment d. suspicion 4. Which of the following were LEAST satisfied with the national economy in the 195

0’s? a. Economists b. Frmaers c. Politicians d. Steelworkers 5. The passage states that incom available for spending in the U.S. was greater in 1

955 than in 1950 . How much was it ? a. 60% b. 50% c. 33% d. 90% 答案：cdabc 三 Women are also underrepresented in the administration and this is because there ar

e so few women full professors. In 1985,Regent Beryl Milburn produced a report blasting the University of Texas System adminitration for not encouraging women.The University was rated among the lowest for the system.In a 1987 update ,Milburn commended the progress that was made and called for even more improvement. One of the positive results from her study was a System-wide program to inform wo

men of available administrative jobs. College of Communication Associate Dean Patrica Witherspoon,said it is important th

at woman be flexible when it comesto relocating if they want to rise in the ranks. Although a woman may face a chilly climate on campus , many times in order for he

r to succeed , she must rise above the problems around her and concentrate on her work. Until women make up a greater percentage of the senior positions in the University

and all academia,inequities will exist. \omen need to spend their energies and time doing scholarly activities that are im

portant here at the University.\Spirduso said. \they do that will be successful in this system.If they spend their time in little groups mourning the sexual discrimination that they think exists here, they are wasting valuable study time.\ 1.According to Spirduso,women need to ____.

a.produce a report on sexual discrimination b.call for further improvement in their working conditions c.spend their energies and time fighting against sexual discrimination d.spend more time and energy doing scholarly activities 2.From this passage ,we know that _____. a.there are many women full professors in the University of Texas b.women play an important part in adminitrating the University c.the weather on the campus is chilly d.women make up a small percentage of the senior positions in the University 3.Which of the following statements is true? a.the number of women professors in the University in 1987 was greater than that o

f 1985 b.the number of women professors in the University in 1987 was smaller than that o

f 1985 c.the number of women professors was the same as that of 1985 d.more and more women professors thought that sexual discrimination did exit in th

e University 4.One of the positive results from Milburn's study was that _____. a.women were told to con centrate on teir work b.women were given information about available administrative jobs c.women were encouraged to take on all the administrative jobs in the Unversity d.women were encouraged to do more scholarly activities 5. The title for this passage should be _______. a.The University of Texas b.Milburn's Report c.Women Professors d.Sexual Discrimination in Academia 答案：ddabd 四 Today ,as in every other day of the year ,more than 3000 U.S. adlescents will smoke

their first cigarette on their way to becoming regular smokers as adults. During their lifetime,it can be expected that of these 3000 about 23 will be murdered,30 will die in traffic accidents, and nearly 750 will be killed by a smoking-related disease. The number of deaths attributed to cigarette smoking outweithts all other factors, whether voluntary or involuntary, as a cause of death. Since the late 1970s, when daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 pre

cent , smoking rates among youth have declined . While the decline is impressive ,several important issues must be raised. First, in the past several years,smoking rates among youth have declined very little.

Second,in the late 1970s ,smoking among male high school seniors exceeded that among female by nearly 10 percent . The statistic is reversing.Third ,several recent studies have indicate high school dropouts have excessively high smoking rates, as much as 75 percent . Finally, thouth significant declines in adolescent smoking have occurred in the past d

ecade,no definite reasons for the decline exist. Within this context,the Naional Cancer Instiute (NCI) began its current effort to determine the most effecive measures to reduce smoking levesl among youth. 1.According to the author, the deaths among youth are mainly caused by _____. a.traffic accidents b.smoking-related desease c.murder d.all of these 2.Every day there are over_____high school strdents who will become regular smoke

r. a.75 b.23 c.30 d.3000 3.By \author means______. a.students who failed the examination b.students who left school c.students who lost their way d.students who were driven out of school 4.The reason for declining adolescent smoking is that ________. a.NCI has taken effective measures b.smoking is prevented among high school seniors c.there are many smokers who have died of cancer d.none of these 5.What is implied but not stated by the author is that ________. a.smoking rates among youth have declined very little b.there are now more female than male smokers among high school seniors c.high smoking rates are due to the incease in wealth d.smoking at high school are from low socio-economic backgrounds 答案：bdbdb 五 The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health.Although science has

made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat ,it has, at the same time,made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well,especially cancer of the colon. Different cultures are more likely to cause certain different illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures. That food is related to illness is nto a new discovery. In 1945, about 35 years ago, government researchers realized that nitrates, commonly used to preserve color in meats,and other food additivies,caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful. The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to beef and living animals, and because of this ,penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cow. Sometimes similar drugs are given to animals not for medical purposes,but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the ani

mals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration(FDA) has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the practices continue. 1.What is the best possible title of the passage? a.Drug and Food b.Cancer and Health c.Food and Health d.Health and Drug 2.Which of the following statements is NOT ture? a.Drugs are always given to animals for medical reasons b.Some of the additives in our food are added to the food itself and some are given

to the living animals c.Researchers have known about the potential dangers of food additives for over thir

ty-five years. d.Food may cause forty percent of cancer in world. 3.How has science done something harmful to mankind? a.Because of science , diseases caused by polluted food haven been virtually eliminat

ed. b.It has caused a lack of information concerning the value of food. c.Because of the application of science,some potentially harmful substances have bee

n added to food. d.The scientists have preserved the color of meats,but not of vegetables.

4.What are nitrates used for? a.They preserve flavor in packaged foods. b.They preserve the color of meats. c.They are the objects of research. d.They cause the animals to become fatter. 5.The word 'carcinogenic' most nearly means '_____'. a.trouble-making b.color-retaining c.money-making d.cancer-causing 答案：cacbd 六 As the pace of life continues to increase ,we are fast losing the art of relaxation. On

ce you are in the habit of rushing through lift,being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body. Stress is an natural part of everyday lift and there is no way to avoid it. In fact ,it i

s not the bad thing it is often supposed to be .A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation adn give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health. The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual.

Some people are not afraid of stress,and such characters are obviously prime material f

or managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first signs of unusual difficulties. When exposed to stress,in whatever form,we react both chemically and physically. In fact we make choice between \\in more primitive days the choice made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme,but however little the stress,it involves the same response. It is when such a reaction lasts long,through continued exposure to stress,that health becomes endangered.Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart disease have established links with stress.Since we cannot remove stress from our lives(it would be unwise to do so even if we could),we need to find ways to deal with it. 1.People are finding less and less time for relaxing themselves because_____. a.they do not know how to enjoy themselves b.they do not believe that relaxation is important for health c.they are travelling fast all the time d.they are becoming busier with their work 2.According to the writer ,the most important character for a good manager is his _

_______. a.not fearing stress b.knowing the art of relaxation c.high sense of responsibility d.having control over performance 3.Which of the follwing statements is ture? a.We can find some ways to avoid stress b.Stress is always harmful to people c.It is easy to change the hagit of keeping oneself busy with work. d.Different people can withstand different amounts of stress 4.In Paragraph 3, \ to_______. a.\choice between 'flight' or 'fight'\ b.\reaction to stress both chemically and physically\ c.\responding to crises quickly\ d.\heart at the signs difficulties\ 5.In the last sentence of the passage,\so \to ______. a.\ourselves to stress\ b.\ways to deal with stress\ c.\remove stress from our lives\ d.\established links between diseases and stress\ 答案：dadbc 七 In the 1960s, many young Americans were dissatisfied with American society. They

wanted to end the Vietnam War and to make all of the people in the U.S. epual. Some of them decided to \drop out\ of American society and form their own societies . They formed utopian communities , which they called \ where they could follow their philosophy of \own thing.\A group of artists founded a commune in southern Colorado called \City.\Following the ideas of philosopher and architect Buckmin

ster Fuller they built domeshaped houses from pieces of old cars. Other groups, such as author Ken Kesey's Merry Pranksters, the followers fo San Francisco poet Steve Gakin, and a group that called itself the Hog Farm, lived in old school huses and traveled around the United States. The Hog Farm become famous when they helped organize the Woodstock Rock Festival in 1969. Steve Gaskin's followers tried to settle down on a farm in Tennessee, but they had to leave when some members of the gruop were arrested for growing marijuana. Not all communes believed in the philosophy of \thing,\however . Twin

Oaks , a commune founded in Virgiania in the late 1960s, was based on the ideas of psychologist B.F.Skinner. The people who lived at Twin Oaks were carefully controlled by Skinner's \hniques to do things that were good for the community. In 1972, Italian architect Paolo Soleri began to build Arcosanti, a utopian city Arizsona where 2500 people will live closely together in one large building called an \logy\ Soleri believes that people must live closely together so that they will all become one. 1.Why did some young Americans decide to \drop out\ of scoiety during the 1960s? a.They were not satisfied with American society. b.They wanted to grow marijuana. c.They wanted to go to the Vietnam War. d.They did not want all people to be equal. 2.Where did the members of the Hog Farm commune live? a.In dome-shaped house b.In old school huses c.On a farm inTennessee d.In an archology in Arizona 3.Who gave the people of Drop City the idea to bulid dome-shaped house? a.Paolo Soleri b.B.G.Skinner c.Steve Gaskin d.Buckminster Fuller 4.What was the Twin Oaks commune base on ? a.The philosophy of \do your own thing\ b.Virginaia in the late 1960s c.The ideas of psychologist d.The belief that people must live closely togerher. 5.What is an \? a.A person who studies archaeology b.A large building where people live closely together c.A city in A rizona d.A technique to contorl people 答案：abdcb 八

There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence. The first is the so

rt of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of environment in which he is reared. If an individual is handicapped envionmentally ,it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable. The importance of environment in determining an individual's intellingence can be de

monstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark X. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old , their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reated by parents of low intelligence in an isolatedcommunity with poor educational pooprtunities.Mark was reared inthe home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child , sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually.This enviromental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were giben tesets to measure their intelligence. Mark's I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities , the twins , having identical brains,would have tested at roughly the same level. 1.This selection can best be titled_________. a.Measuring Your Intelligence b.Intelligence and Environment c.The Case of Peter and Mark d.How the brain Influences Intelligence 2.The beststatement of the main idea of this passage is that _____. a.human brains differ considerably b.the brain a person is born with is improtant in determining his intelligence c.environment is crucial in determining a person's intelligence d. persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence 3.According to the passage , the average I.Q.is _____. a.85 b.100 c.110 d.125 4.The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that _______. a.individual with identical brains seldom test at same level b.an individual's intelligence is determined only by his enviroment c.lack of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligence d.changes of enviroment produce changes in the structure of the brain 5.This passage suggests that an individual 's I.Q.______. a.can be predicted at birth b.stays the same throuthout his life c.can be increased by education d.is determined by his childhood 答案：bcbcc 九 As she walked round the huge department store,Edith reflected how difficult it was t

o choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.She wish that he was as easy to please as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume Besides,shoppong at this time of the year was a most disgreeable experience :peopl

e trod on your toes,poked you with their elbows and almost knocked you overin their haste to get to a bargain ahead of you. Partly to have a rest, Edith paused in front of a counter where some attracive ties w

ere on display. \They are real silk,\ the assistant assured her, trying to tempt her. \th double the price.\But edit knew from past experience that her choice of ties hardly ever pleased her father. She moved on reluctantly and then quite by chance, stopped where a small crowd of

man had gathered round a counter. She found some good quality pipes on sale-----and the prices were very reasonable. Edith did not hesitate for long : although her father only smoked a pipe occasionally, she knew that this was a present which was bund to please him. When she got home,with her small well-chosen present concealed in her handbag, h

er parents were already at the supper table. Her mother was in an especially cheerful mood, \father has at last to decided to stop smoking.\informed her daughter. 1.Edith's father _______. a.did not like present b.never got present c.preferred ties d.was difficult to choose a present for 2.The assistant spoke to Edith because she seemed_______. a.attractive b.interested in ties c.tired d.in need of comfort 3.Edith stopped at the next counter_________. a.purosely b.suddenly c.unwillingly d.accidentally 4.Edith's father smoked a pipe_______. a.when he was obliged b.on social occasions c.from time to time d.when he was delighted 5.Shopping was very disagreeable at that time of the year because_______. a.coustomers trod on each other's toes b.coustomers poked each other with their elbows c.customers knocked each other d.customers were doing their shopping in a great hurry 答案：dbdcd 十一 What is your favourite colour? Do you like yellow , orange ,red? If you do ,you must

be an optimist, a leader, an active person who enjoys life, people and excitement. Do you prefer greys and blues? Then you are probably quiet,shy, and you would rather follow than lead. You tend to be a pessimist. At least, this is what psychologists tell us, and they should know,because they have been seriously studying the meaning of colours preference, as well as the effect that colours have on human beings. They tells us, among other facts,that we do not choose our favourite clour as we grow up----we are born with our preference.If you happen to love brown, you did so, as soon as you opened your eyes, or at least as soon as you could see clearly. Colours do influence our moods----there is no doubt about it .A yellow room makes

most people feel more cheerful and more relaxed than a dark green one; and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day. On the other hand ,black is depressing. A black bridge over the Thames River, near London, used to be the scene of more suicides than any other bridge in the area ----until it was repainter green.The number of suicide attempts immediately fell sharply ;perhaps it would have fallen even more if the bridge had been done in pink or baby blue. Light and bright colours make people not only hppier but more active. It is an establ

ished fact that factory workers work better,harder ,and have fewer accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or grey. 1.\would rather follow than red\ a.you don't like to follow others

b.you would be a member rather than a leader c.you would be afraid of following others d.you would like to be a leader rather than a follower 2.If one enjoys life, one is sure to prefer________. a.red to yellow b.blue to orange c.red to grey d.blue to yellow 3.\They tell us, among other facts,that we don't choose our favourite colours as we

grow up.\ \ means______. a.besides other facts b.in regard to other facts c.not considering other facts d.according to other facts 4.Which of the following is facts? a.People's preference of one colour to another is instinct b.People's preference of one colour to another is acquired as they grow up. c.More people happen to love brown because they saw something brown when they

were born d.Colours have little influence on our moods 5.Those who committed suicide preferred the bridge over the Thames River near lon

don to others because of _______. a.its shape b.its structure c.its colour d.its building materials 答案：bcaac 十二 Social customs and ways of behaving change. Things which were considered impolite

many years ago are now acceptable. Just a few years ago, it was considered impolite behaviour for a man to smoke on street. No man who thought of himself by smoking when a lady was in a room. Customs also differ from country to country. Does a man walk on the left or the righ

t of a woman in your country? Or doesn't it matter? Should you use both hands when you are eating? Should leave one in your lap,or on the table? The Americans and the British not only speak the same language but also share a la

rge number of social customs. For example, in both America and England people shake hands when they meet each other for the first time. Also, most Englishmen will open a door for a wonman or offer their seat to a woman , and so will most Americans. Promptness is important both in England and in America. That is , if a dinner invitation is for 7 o'clock , the dinner guest either arrives close to that time or calls up to explain his delay. The important thing to remember about social customs is not to do anything that mi

ght make other people feel uncomfortable-----especially if they are your guests. When the food was served , one of the guests strated to eat his peas with a knife . The other guests were amused or shocked , but the host calmly picked up his knife and began eating in the same way. It would have been bad manners to make his guest feel foolish or uncomfortable. 1.If one has accepted a dinner invitation ,what should he do if he is tobe late for th

e dinner? a.He should find an excuse b.He should adk for excuse. c.He should say sorry d.He should telephone to explain his being late. 2.\would have been bad manners to make his guests feel foolish or uncomfortable.

\\\ means ________. a.ugly b.dishonest c.impolite d.shameful 3.which of the following do you think is the best tiltle for this passage? a.Social Customs and Customs b.Social Life c.American and British Customs d.Promptness Is Important 4.According to the text, the best host_______. a.tries his best to make his guests feel comfortable b.makes his guests feel excited c.tries to avoid being naughty to his guests d.tries to avoid being foolish 5.The author of this article may agree with which of the following? a.The guest who ate his peas with a knife b.The other guests who were amused or shocked c.The host who picked up his knife and began eating in the same way d.None of the above 答案：dcaac 十三 New Orleans, Louisiana, was established as part of the French Empire in 1718. Its location on the east bank of the Mississippi River gave it control of the American

hinerland and it became strategically important to many nations. It was transferred from France to Spain, returned to France,and finally sold by Napoleon to the United States in 1803. The city was the site of a famous battle fought in 1815 between the British, who hoped to control it , and the Americans under General And rew Jackson. The riverbed of the Mississippi is constantly silting and the river is now actually high

er than the city. Levees hold back the river and giant pumps are used to move water from the city into the river. Although New Orleans haas beena part of the United States for almost two centuries,

its population takes great pride in its French heritage. Louisiana still retains parts of the Code Napoleon which,form many years,was its only law. New Orleans is carefree city and it boasts its hot, spicy Creole seafood and its nativ

e Dixieland Jazz. The jackson Square neighborhood maintains its French colonial homes and in other sections are pre-Civil War mansions. Visitors are surprised to find that behind this interesting facade of yesteryear, is a busy industrial and port city. Grain and coal come from the Midwest and foreigh cargoes are unloaded here. New Orleans is no longer a sleepy Southern town----but it's still fun to visit. 1.What accounts for the levees and pumps in New Orleans? a.The Mississippi frequently floods the city. b.The riverbed has raised inthe past 200 years. c.The torrential rains flood the city frequently. d.The high humidity cannot otherwise be comtrolled. 2.The battle of New Orleans was fought by jackson against______. a.France b.Britain c.Spain d.The North

3.The Code Napoleon was _______. a.an agreement to sell Louisiana b.a body of laws c.a city plan d.a military code for the army 4.Which of the following elements does not apply to the attiude of the inhabitants of

New Orleans? a.Pride in their French heritage. b.A desire to retain picturesque colonial buildings. c.A refusal to engage in trade and commerce d.A praising of Dixieland Jazz. 5.Tourists visiting New Orleans are surprised to encounter_____. a.Creole food b.Dixieland jazz c.bustling city d.authentic colonial homes 答案： bbbcc 十四 The United States is on the verge of losing its leading place in the world's technolog

y. So says more than one study in recent years. One of the reasons for this decline is the parallel decline in the number of U.S. scientists and engineers. Since 1976,employment of scientists and engineers is up 85 percent. This trend is ex

pected to continue. However, the trend shows that the number of 22-year-olds--the near term source of future PH.D.s-is declining. Further adding to the problem is the increased competition for these candidates from other fields-law,medicine,business,etc. While the number of U.S. PH.D.s in science and engineering declines,the award of PH.D.s to foreign nationals is increasing rapidly. Our inability to motivate students to pursue science and engineering careers at the

graduate level is compounded because of the intense demand industry has for bright Bachelor's and Master's degree holders. Too often, promising PH.D.candidates, confronting the cost and financial sacrifice of pursuing their education,find the attraction of industry irresistible. 1.The U.S.will come to lose its leading place in technology probably because ______

__. a. the number of PH.D. degree holders is declining b. the number of scientists and engineers is decreasing c. the number of 22-year-ilds is declining d. scientists and engineers are not employed 2.The field of science and engineering is facing a competition from ________ . a. technology b. foreign nationals c. such fields as law, medicine and business d. postgraduates 3.Large-scale enterprises now need _______. a. bright graduates and postgraduates b. new inventions c. advanced technology d. engineers 4.Many promising postgraduates are unwilling to pursue a PH.D. degree because ___

______. a. they are not encouraged to be engaged in science b. industry does not require PH.D. holders c. they have financial difficulties d. they will spend much time and energy completing PH.D. 5.PH.D. candidates \the attraction of industry irresistible\ means that ________

_. a. they find industry is attracting more and more college students b. they don't think they can prevent themselves from working for industry c. they cannot resist any attraction from all sides d. they cannot work for industry any longer 答案：bcadb 十五 Newdays,a standard for measuring power has changed.These changes foretell a new

standard for measuring power.No longer will a nation's political influence be based solely on the strength of its military forces. Of course, military effectiveness will remain a primary primary measure of power.But political influence is also closely tied to industrial competitiveness. It's often said that without its military the Soviet Union would really be a third-world nation. The new standard of opwer and influence that is evolving now places more emphasis on the ability of a country to compete effectively in the economic markets of the world. America must recognize this new course of events. Our success in shaping world eve

nts over the past 40 years has been the direct result of our ability to adapt technology and to take advantage of the capabilities of our people for the purpose of maintaining peace. Our industrial prowess over most of this period was unchallenged. It is ironic that it is just this prowess that has enabled other countries to prosper and in turn to threaten our industrial leadership. The competitiveness of America's industrial base is an issue bigger than the Depart

ment of Defense and is going to require the efforts of the major institutional forces in our society-government,industry,and education. That is not to say that the Defense Department will not be a strong force in the process because we will. But we simply cannot be, nor should we be, looked upon by others as the savior of American industry. 1. Now a nation's political influence depends on _________. a. the strength of its military forces b. its ability to compete in industry c. economic markets d. both a and b 2. The Soviet Union was not listed as a third-world nation just because of ________

_. a. its powerful military forces b. its vast land c. its industrial competitiveness d. its contributions to world peace 3. The author indicates that ______ is threatening American political power. a. other countries b. the declining U.S. industrial base c. a new standard for measuring power d. less advanced technology 4. America succeeded in shaping world events over past 40 years probably because

of ___________. a. its ability to adapt technology b. its ability to take advantage of the capabilities of its people c. its ability to compete in the world markets d. both a and b 5. The purpose of writing this article is __________.

a. to draw the readers' attention to a new standard for measuring power b. to demonstrate American political influence in the world c. to emphasize that efforts must be made to strengthen the declining U.S. industrial

base d. to show American industrial prowess 答案：dabdc 十六 Trees should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and

, fortunately,the number of such reasons is small. Pruning involves the cutting away of obergrown and unwanted branches, and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way. First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size. Th

e object may be to get a tree of the right height, and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape. Secondly, pruning may be done to make the tree healthier. You may cut diseaed or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds. The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the centre and so preventing the free movement of air. One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an

easy entry for disease, but itis a wound that will heal. Often there is a race between the healing and the desease as to whether the tree will live or die, so that there is a period when the tree is at risk. It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce which has been pruned smooth and clean, for healing will be slowed down by roughness. You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hurs and then paint it with one of the substa

nces available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose. Pruning is usually without interference from the leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts yu make will bleed. If this does happen,it is, of course,impossible to paint them properly. 1.Pruning should be done to ______. a.make the tree grow taller b.improve the shape of the tree c.get rid of the small branches d.make the small branches thicker 2.Trees become unhealthy if the gardener ______. a.allows too many branches to grow in the middle b.does not protect them from wind c.forces them to grow too quickly d.damages some of the small side branches 3.Why is a special substance painted on the tree? a.To make a wound smooth b.To prevent disease entering a wound c.To cover a rough surface d.To help a wound to dry 4.A good gardener prunes a tree______. a.at intervals throughout the year b.as quickly as possible c.occasionally when necessary d.regular every winter 5.What was the author's purpose when writing this passage? a.To give pratical instruction for pruning a tree. b.To give a general description of pruning c.To explain how trees develop diseases d.To discuss different methods of pruning. 答案：babca 十七 On Thursday afternoon Mrs. Carke, dressed for going out, took her handbag with her

money and her key in it, pulled the door behind her to lock it and went to the over 60s Club. She always went there on Thursdays. It was a nice outing for an old woman who lived alone. At six o'clock she cane home, let herself in and at once smelt cigarette smoke. Cigar

ette smoke in her house? How? How? Had someone got in? She checked the back door and the windows. All were locked or fastened, as usual. There was no sign of forced entry. Over a cup of tea she wondered whether someone might have a key that fitted her f

ront door-\a master key\So she stayed at home the following Thursday. Nothing happened. Was anyone watching her movements? On the Thursday after that she wen

t out at her usual time,dressed as usual, but she didn't go to the club. Instead she took a short cut home again, letting herself in through her garden and the back door. She settled down to wait. It was just after four o'clock when the front door bell rang.Mrs. Clarke was making

a cup of tea at the time. The bell rang again, and then she heard her letter-box being pushed open. With the kettle of boiling water in her hand, she moved quietly towards the front door. A long piece of wire appeared through the letter-box, and then a hand. The wire turned and caught around the knob on the door-lock. Mrs. Clarke raised the kettle and poured the water over the hand. There was a shout outside, and the skin seemed to drop off the fingers like a glove. The wire fell to the floor, the hand was pulled back, and Mrs. Clarke heard the sound of running feet. 1.Mrs. Clarke looded forward to Thursday because_______. a.she worked at a club on the day b.she said visitors on Thursdays c.she visited a club on Thursday d.a special visitor came on Thursday 2.If someone had made a forced entery,_______. a.Mrs.Clarke would have found a broken door or window b.he or she was still in the house c.things would have been thown about d.he or she would have needed a master key 3.On the third Thursday Mrs. Clarke went out_______. a.because she didn't want to miss the club again b.to see if the thief was hnging about outside c.to the club but then changed her mind d.in an attempt to trick the thief 4.The lock on the front door was one which_______. a.needed a piece of wire to open it b.could he opened from inside without a key c.could't be opened without a key d.used a knob instead of a key 5.The wire feel to the floor_______. a.because Mrs.Clarke refused to open the door b.when the man's glove dropped off c.because it was too hot to hold d.because the man justwanted to get away 答案：cadbd 十八 Many people believe the glare from snow causes snowblindnenss. Yet, dark glasses

or not , they find themselves suffering from headaches and watering eyes,and even snowblindness,when exposed to several hours of \light\

The United States Army has now determined that glare from snow does not cause s

nowblindness in troops in a snow-covered country.Rather, a man's eyes frequently find nothing to foucs on in a broad expanse of barren snow-covered terrain. So his gaze continually shifts and jumps back and forth over the entire landscape in search of tsomething to look at. Finding nothing, hour after hour, the eyes never sotp searching and the eyeballs become sore and the eye muscles ache. Nature offsets this irritation by producing more and fluid which covers the eyeball. The fluid coversthe eyeball in increasing quantity until vision blurs, then is obsured,and the result is total, even though temporary,snowblindness. Experiments led the Army to a simple method of overcoming this problem. Scouts ah

ead of a main body of troops are trained to shake snow from evergreen bushes, creating a dotted line as they cross completely snow-covered landscape,Even the scouts themselves throw lightweight , dark colored objects ahead on which they too can focus . The men following can then see something.Their gaze is arrested. Their eyes focus on a bush and having found something to see,stop scouring the snow-blanketed lanscape. By focusing their attention on one object at a time,the men can cross the snow without becoming hopelessly snowblind or lost. In this way the problem of crossing a solid white terrain is overcome. 1.To prevent headaches, watering eyes and blindness caused by the glare from snow,

dark glasses are_____. a.indispensible b.useful c.ineffective d.available 2.When the eyes are sore tears are produced to ________. a.clear the vision b.remedy snowblindness c.ease the irritation d.loosen the muscles 3.Snowblindness may be avoided by_______. a.concentrating to the solid white terrain b.searching for something to look at in snow-covered terrain c.providing the eyes with something to foucs on d.covering the eyeballs with fluid 4.The scouts shake snow from evergreen bushes in order to _______. a.bive the men behind something to see b.beautify the landscape c.warm themselves in the cold d.prevent the men behind from losing their way 5.A suitable title for this passage would be _______. a.snowblindness and how to overcome it b.natrue's cure for snowblindness c.soldiers in the snow d.snow vision 答案：CCCAA 十九 Water problems in the future will become nore intense and more complex. Our incre

asing population will tremendously increase urban wastes,primarily sewage. On the other hand, increasing demands for water will decease substantialy the amount of water available for diluting wastes. Rapidly expanding industries which involve more and more complex chemical processes will produce large volumes of liquid wastes, and many of these will contain chemicals which are noxious. To feed our rapidly expanding population, agriculture will have to be intensified. This will involve ever-increasingquantities of agricultural chemicals, From this , it is apparent that drastic steps must be taken immediately to develop corrective measures for the pollution problem. There are two ways by which this pollution problem can be dwindled. The first relat

es to the treatment of wastes to decrease their pollution hazard. This involves the processing of solid wastes \to \disposal and the treatment of liquid wastes, or efflunets,to permit the reuse of the water or minimize pollution upon final disposal. A second approach is to develop an economic use for all or a part of the wastes. Far

m manure is spread in fields as a nutrient or organic supplement . Effluents from sewage disposal plants are used in some areas both for irrigation and for the nutrients contained. Efflunets from other processing plants may also be used as a supplemental source of water. Many industries, such as meat and poultry processing plants, are currently converting former waste products into marketable byproducts. Other industries are potential eonomic uses for waste products. 1.The purpose of this passage is ______. a.to alert the reader to the dwindling water supply b.to explain industrial uses of water c.to acquaint the reader with water pollution problems d.to demostrate various measures to solve the pollution problem 2.Which of the following points is NOT INCLUDED in the passage? a.In dustrial development incudes the simplification of complex chemical processes. b.Diluting wastes needs certain amount of water c.Demands for water will go up along with the expanding population d.Intensive cultivation of land requires more and more chemicals 3.The reader can conclued that________. a.countries of the world will work together on polution problems b.byproducts from wastes lead to a more prosperous marketplace c.science is making great progress on increasing water supplies d.some industries are now ,aking economic use of wastes 4.The author gives substance to the passage through the use of _______. a.interviews with authorities in the field of water controls b.opinions and personal observations c.definitions which clarify important terms d.strong arguments and persuasions 5.The words \to \probably mean______. a.after b.during c.before d.beyond 答案:cadbc 二十 One of the qualities that most people admire in others is the willingness to admit on

e's mistakes. It is extremely hard sometimes to say a simple thing like \was wrong about that,\it is even harder to say, \was wrong , and you were right about that.\ I had an experience recently with someone admitting to me that he had made a mis

take fifteen years ago. He told me he had been the manager of a certain grocery store in the neighbourhood where I grew up, and he asked me if I remembered the egg cartons. Then he related an incident and Ibegan to remember vaguely the incident he was describing. I was about eight years old at the time, and I had gome into the store with may mo

ther to do the weekly grocery shopping. On that particular day, I must have found my way to the dairy food department where the incident tood place. There must have been a special sale on eggs that day because there was an impress

ive display of eggs indozen and half-dozen cartons. The cartons were stacked three or four feet high. I must have stopped in front of a display to admire the stacks. Just then a woman came by pushing her grocery cart and knocked off the stacks of cartons. For some reason, I decided it was up to me to put the display back together, so I want to work. The manager heard the moise and came rushing over to see what had happened. W

hen he appeared, I was on my knees inspecting some of the cartons to see if any of th

e eggs were broken, but to him it looked as though I was the culprit. He severely reprimanded me and wanted me to pay for any broken eggs. I protested my innocence and tried to explain, but it did no good. Even though I quickly forgot all about the incident, apparently the manager did not. 1.How old was the author when he wrote this article? a.about 8 b.about 18 c.about 23 d.about 15 2.Who was to blame for knocking off the stacks of cartons? a.The author b.The manager c.A woman d.The author's mother 3.Which of the following statements is not true? a.The woman who knocked off the stacks of cartons was seriously criticized by the

mananger b.The author was severely critizized by the manager. c.A woman carelessly knocked off the stacks of cartons d.It was the author who put the display back together 4.Which of the following can serve as the best title for the passage? a.Its Harder to Admit One's Mistake b.I was once the culprit c.I remember an incident d.A case of mistaken identity 5.The tone of the article expresses the author's_______. a.admiration for the manager's willingness to admit mistakes b.anger to the manager for his wrong accusation c.indignation against the woman who knocked off the stacks of cartons d.reget for the mistake the made in the store 答案：ccada

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