李婧17届考研词汇讲义

Unit 1

眼（词义串联：看，光，推测，未来，想象）

看1 spect；spise；

respect [r?'spekt] vt.1.尊敬 2.尊重,重视n.1.尊敬 2.尊重,重视 3.[pl.]敬意,问候 4.方面

词组搭配：in respect of ；with respect to

例句:... to get over their outdated anti colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment ……克服对外国投资所持的过时了的反殖民主义偏见（2001阅读Text 2）

respectable [r??spekt?bl] a.可敬的, 有名望的, 高尚的, 值得尊敬的

例句: He got into trouble for seducing the daughter of a respectable tradesman.

他因为引诱一个有名望的商人的女儿而惹上了麻烦。《简明英汉词典》

respectful [r??spektfl] a.恭敬的, 尊敬的, 尊重人的, 有礼貌的

disrespectful [?d?sr?'spektfl] a.无礼的，轻视的

例句: She received guests with a respectful attitude. 她恭恭敬敬地接待了客人。

respective [r??spekt?v] a.各自的,各个的,分别的

respectively [r??spekt?vli] ad.各自地,各个地,分别地

例句: He and I are each going to visit our respective teachers. 我和他分别要去拜访各自的老师。《简明英汉词典》

retrospect ['retr?spekt] n\v回顾

单词记忆：retro往回+spect看，回头看：回顾

retrospective：[?retr??spekt?v] a 回顾的

例句: A retrospective influence pervaded the whole performance. 怀旧的影响弥漫了整个演出。《简明英汉词典》

expect [iks?pekt] v t.1.预料，预计…可能发生2.等待，期待，盼望3.要求，认为…必要

expectancy [?k'spekt?ns?] n.期待, 期望

expectation [?ekspek?te??n] n.1.期待，预期2.[pl.]前程，成功的前景

例句: We can also expect the maps to merge with other applications that feed up to the minute information about weather, construction and other factors.我们也期望这些地图与提供有关天气、建筑和其他因素的实时信息的应用软件相结合。（2005 Newsweek）

inspect [in?spekt] vt.检查,视察

单词记忆：in在...里面+spect看=看到里面去：视察，检查

inspector [?n?spekt?] n.检查员, 巡视员

例句: 1. Audit Commission inspectors praised the council‘s responsiveness ...审计署检查员赞扬了委员会的快速反应（2008 Guardian）

prospect [?pr?spekt] n.1.前景,前途2.景象3.可能成为主顾的人vt.(for)勘探,勘察

单词记忆：pro在...之前+spect看=看到前景：前景未来

prospective [pr??spekt?v] a.预期的,未来的,可能的

1

例句: Fading prospects for profits and growing pressure to cut costs could be the one two punch that sends consumers—and the economy—down for the count.日渐渺茫的获利前景加上日益增大的削减成本的压力，这样接连的两拳将会使消费者和整个经济状况无法再站立起来。（2007 Businessweek）

Perspective [p??spektiv] n.1.（判断事物的）视角,观点,想法 2.远景,景观3.透视画法,透视图

单词记忆：per透+spect看=透视；per从头到尾+spect=从头到尾都看了：观点，想法

例句: We may get a clear perspective of the people's happy lives. 我们知道人民对幸福生活的展望。《简明英汉词典》

suspect [s??spekt] vt.1.疑有,推测 2.对…表示怀疑(或不信任) n.嫌疑犯,可疑分子

例句: Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind s emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is ―off line.‖ 目前，研究人员猜想梦是大脑情感自动调节系统的组成部分，当大脑处于―掉线‖状态时对情绪进行规整。（2005阅读Text 3）

suspicion [s?s?pi??n] n.1.怀疑,涉嫌2.一点儿,少量

例句: Through fair, swift and decisive actions, the task force is helping to remove suspicion, doubt and uncertainty that pervaded the marketplace one year ago and the actions are successfully working to restore confidence in the marketplace. 通过公平、快速和果断的行动，特别行动组帮助消除了一年前弥漫在市场上的怀疑、疑惑和不确定，并且这些行动成功地帮助市场重建信心。（2003 CNN）

suspicious [s??sp???s] a.1.猜疑的,疑心的 2.可疑的

conspicuous [k?n?sp?kju?s] a.显眼的，明显的

单词记忆：con全部+spicu看+ous形容词后缀=全都能看到：明显的，显著的

例句: It is conspicuous that smoking is harmful to health. 很明显，抽烟对健康有害。

despise [dis?paiz] vt.鄙视，看不起

单词记忆：de 向下+spect看=眼神向下看：鄙视

例句: Don't cheat at examination, or your classmates will despise you. 考试不要作弊，否则同班同学会轻视你的。《现代英汉综合大词典》

spectacle [?spekt?kl] n.1.(大规模)演出,场面 2.景象,壮观 3.[pl.]眼镜

单词记忆：spect看+acle范围=看到的范围：场景，场面

spectacular [spek?t?kj?l?(r)] a.壮观的,引人注目的n.壮观的演出,惊人之举

spectate [spek'te?t] v看

单词记忆：spect看+ate动词后缀：看

spectator [spek?teit?] n.观众,旁观者

例句: He got drunk and made a spectacle of himself in the club. 他喝得酩酊大醉，在俱乐部大出洋相。《简明英汉词典》

spectrum ['spektr?m] n.1.谱,光谱,频谱 2.范围,幅度,系列

例句: This is a kind of atomic spectrum. 这是一种原子光谱。《简明英汉词典》

speculate [?spekjuleit] vi.(about, on)推测,推断 2.投机,做投机买卖vt.推测,推断

speculation [?spekju?le??n] n.思索, 做投机买卖

speculative [?spekj?l?t?v] a.思索的, 推测的, 做投机买卖的

例句: We should speculate about the purpose of life. 我们应该想想人生的目的。《简明英汉词典》

看2

2

vid,vis,看见

device [d??va?s] n.1.装置，设备，器械2.手段，策略

例句: The device will be in production by the end of the year. 该装置将于年底投入生产。

envisage [?n'v?z?d?] vt.想象，设想

例句: Nobody can envisage the consequences of total nuclear war. 没有人能够想像全面核战争的后果。《简明英汉词典》

envision [?n'v??n] vt.想象，预想

例句: They think of viruses that infect an organization from the outside.They envision hackers breaking into their information vaults. 他们考虑来自外部的感染公司的病毒，他们设想黑客侵入到信息宝库中。《简明英汉词典》

envy ['env?] vt.妒忌，羡慕n.1.妒忌，羡慕2.妒忌的对象，羡慕的目标

例句: I don't envy your journey in this bad weather. 我并不羡慕你在这样恶劣的天气里旅行

envious [?envi?s] a.嫉妒的，羡慕的

provide [pr?'va?d] vt.供给，提供

例句: Most computer games provide some kind of wish fulfillment. 大部份电子游戏满足人们的某种愿望。《简明英汉词典》

provided [pr??va?d?d] conj.假如，若是

例句: he other banks are going to be very eager to help, provided that they see that he has a specific plan. 如果看到他有具体的计划，其他银行会很愿意提供帮助。

provision [pr?'v??n] n.1.供应 2.准备，预备 3.条款，规定 4.[pl.]给养，口粮

例句: He made no provision against the unforeseen expenses. 他没有准备意外费用。

supervise ['su:p?va?z] vt.&vi.监督，管理，指导

例句: Tomorrow he will supervise all the pupils taking the English examination. 明天全体学生考英语，他将担任监考。《简明英汉词典》

view [vju:] n.1.看法，见解，观点2.观察，视域，眼界3.景色，风景vt.1.看待，考虑，估量2.观察，看例句: He is studying hard with a view to going to university. 他为了上大学正在努力学习。

vision ['v??n] n.1.想象（力），幻想，幻觉2.视力，视觉

例句: Mental vision of success would help produce real success. 头脑中成功的想像会有助于取得实际的成功。《简明英汉词典》

visible [?v?z?bl] a.看得见的，可见的，有形的

真题例句: My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital pide. 20年前我和我妻子就曾就当时这

种逼近的危险做过演讲。然而，一些新的抵制数字鸿沟的积极因素在当时并不如现在这样明显。（2001

阅读Text 2）

invisible [?n?v?z?bl] a.看不见的，无形的

例句: Many stars overhead are invisible to the naked eye. 天上的许多星星是肉眼看不到的。《简明英汉词典》

visual ['v????l] a.视觉的，看得见的

例句: The film is a visual art. 电影是一种视觉艺术。《简明英汉词典》

3

看3

opt来自希腊文optaseea（=vision）

optical [??pt?kl] a.1）光（学）的2）眼的，视力的3）视觉的

例句: In case our perception does not match with the physical dimensions of the object, it‘s surely an optical illusion.当我们的感知与物体实际的物理维度不相匹配时，就会出现视错觉。（2003 Buzzle）

optic ['?pt?k] adj.眼的，视觉的，光学上的

例句: His optic nerve was hurt in an accident. 他的视神经在一次事故中受到损伤。

optician [?p?t??n] n.1.眼镜商，验光师2.眼镜商店3.光学仪器制造者

例句: I‘ve just been to the optician‘s. 我刚去眼镜店验过光。

optics [??pt?ks] n.光学

例句: Newton published his first work on optics. 牛顿出版了他的第一部光学著作。

耳（听）

听

aud来自拉丁文audio（=to hear听）

audible [??:d?bl] a.听得见的

例句: When RaRabin extended his hand, the crowd let out an audible gasp, followed by thunderous applause, as they completed the kissless handshake. 当拉宾伸出手时，人群发出了一声听得见的深呼吸，然后就是雷鸣般的掌声，两位领导人完成了不带亲吻的握手。

audience [??:di?ns] n.听众，观众，读者

真题例句: Your humor must be relevant to the audience... 你的幽默必须与听众有关……(2002阅读Text 1)

audit ['?:d?t] vt\n.1.审计，检查（帐目）2.旁听

单词记忆：aud听+it走=走去听人报账

例句: The ability of degree seeking students to audit classes is subject to the academic policies of the institution.那些寻求学位的学生能否旁听课程，取决于学院的学业政策。(1998 UWS Tout)

auditor [??:d?t?(r)] n.1.审计员，稽核员2.旁听生 3.听者

真题例句: Williams, a state auditor earning $35,000 a year威廉姆斯，年薪35，000美元的州审计员。（2006阅读Part B）

auditorium [??:d??t?:ri?m] n. 1.观众席，听众席2.礼堂，会堂

单词记忆：auditor听众+ium地点=听众待的地方

例句: The half-filled auditorium of people with their bags and coats ready to go. 观众席坐了一半的人，他们拿着书包和外套随时准备离开（2008 The Times）

auditory [??:d?tri] a. 听的，听觉的

例句: This is an olfactory, not an auditory problem. 这是一个嗅觉问题，与听觉无关。

口

啃咬

rod，rot，ros来自拉丁文rodere（=to gnaw）啃咬

corrode [k?'r??d] vi.受腐蚀vt.腐蚀，侵蚀

4

单词记忆：cor=从全部+rode咬=全部被咬烂了：腐蚀，侵蚀

例句: Iron tools corrode easily.铁制工具易受腐蚀。《21世纪大英汉词典》

erode [?'r??d] vt.1.侵蚀，腐蚀2.侵蚀掉，腐蚀掉vi.1.受腐蚀，逐渐毁坏2.削弱，减少

单词记忆：e=ex向外+rode=向外咬：腐蚀

例句: Once exposed, soil is quickly eroded by wind and rain.一旦暴露在外，土壤很快就会被风雨侵蚀。

erosion [?'r???n] n.1.腐蚀，侵蚀，磨损2.削弱，减少

例句: Crop rotation helps prevent soil erosion. 农作物轮作有助于防止水土流失。

rotten ['r?tn] a.1.腐烂的，腐朽的 2.令人不愉快的 3.很差的，糟糕的

例句: That was a rotten thing to do, you skunk! 那种事做得太缺德了，你这卑鄙的家伙！

说 1

dict,dic,dit 说，宣称

addict ['?d?kt] n.1.有瘾的人2.入迷的人vt.使成瘾，使入迷

真题例句: ...charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. ……指责其（赌场）既然知道他上瘾，就应谢绝他的光顾.（2006阅读Part B）

dedicate ['ded?ke?t] vt.1.题献词于（著作等）上2.（to）把（一生等）献给，把（时间、精力等）用于真题例句: . ...the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness几乎完全致力于描绘快乐的那种现代表达形式（2006阅读Text 4）

contradict [?k?ntr?'d?kt] vt.1.反驳，否认…的真实性2.与…发生矛盾，与…抵触

单词记忆：contra相反+dict说=反着说，说反话：反驳，矛盾

contradiction [?k?ntr??d?k?n] n.1.矛盾，不一致2.否认，反驳

真题例句: ...ghosts, creationism and other phenomena that contradict the scientific worldview鬼怪、上帝造物论和其他违背科学世界观的现象（1998阅读Text 3）

Indicate ['?nd?ke?t] vt.1.标示，指示，指出 2.表明，示意

真题例句: . If experiments are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate... 假如科学实验像科学杂志报告显示的那样完全按事先的计划去规划和实施……（1999阅读Text 5）

indication [??nd??ke??n] n.1.指示，表示 2.象征，迹象

真题例句: Last week it was announced he will occ upy ―an important position‖ in the new bank, but there was no indication of what this position might be. 上周宣布他将在新的银行中担任重要职位，但是没有迹象显示是什么职位。(2009 Time)

Indicative [?n?d?k?t?v] a.1.（of）标示的，指示的，象征的2.陈述的，直陈的n.陈述语气

例句: The campaign is indicative of a couple of trends. 这项活动乃是近日社会潮流的象征。

indict [?n'da?t] vt.1.谴责，指责2.控告，起诉，告发

例句: The judge ruled that Kennedy "was probably guilty of criminal conduct" but made no move to indict him. 法官裁定肯尼迪―可能有犯罪行为‖，但是没有采取对他起诉的行动。

index ['?ndeks] n.1.索引2.标志，表征3.指数，指标vt.为…编索引，把…编入索引

真题例句: The Economist‘s commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. 《经济学家》的

5

商品价格指数与一年前相比，总体上没有什么变化。（2002阅读Text 3）

predict [pr?'d?kt] vt.预言，预测，预告

单词记忆：pre之前+dict说=之前就已经说了：语言，预测

真题例句: And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment... 如果你需要预测不久将来的人的身高以便设计一种装备（2008 阅读Text 3）

verdict [?v?:d?kt] n.1.裁定2.定论，判断性意见

单词记忆：ver确定+dict说=确定的说出来：裁定，定论

真题例句: . ... witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to ensure guilty verdicts.为了确保法庭给被告定罪，证人可能会被怂恿在法庭上夸大事实。（2001知识运用）

说2

fab,fam,fess 说

profess[pr?'fes] vt.1.表示，承认2.宣称信仰，宣誓入教3.以为职业

例句: There‘s no greater threat to religiou s people than to profess your desire to think for yourself.对于教徒来说最大的威胁莫过于声称你想要自己思考。

profession [pr??fe?n] n.1.职业，自由职业 2.[the ～]同业，同行3.公开表示，表白4.立誓信教，入教的誓言5.信奉的宗教

真题例句: The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies. 医疗行业正在采取措施，要求年轻医生到晚期病人休养所培训，测试有关大胆的镇痛疗法方面的知识。（2002 阅读Text 4）

professional [pr?'fe??nl] a.职业的，专业的，专门的n.自由职业者，专业人员

例句: The Grand Prix tennis circuit was one of the two main professional tennis circuits from 1970 to 1989. 庞蒂克网球巡回赛已成为1970至1989年间的两个最主要职业网球巡回赛之一。（2007 Wikipedia）

confess [k?n'fes] vt.&vi.1.坦白，供认2.承认

单词记忆：con全部+fess说=全部说出来：坦白，公认

例句: I confess myself to be by nature a domestic sort of animal.我承认自己天生是个恋家型的人。（2005 Mark Maynard）

manifest ['m?n?fest] a.明显的，显然的，明了的vt.1.显示，表明，证明 2.使显然，使显露

真题例句: These are the substances often called psychedelic (from the Greek word meaning ―mind manifestation‖) because they seemed to radically alter one‘s state of consciousness. 这些物质常被认为能―引起幻觉‖（psychedelic一词源于希腊语，意为―心灵显现‖），因为它们似乎能彻底改变人的意识状态。(1997阅读Text 3)

说3

log,loqu,locut,说话

dialog ['da??l?g] n.对话，对白

单词记忆：dia在...之间+log说=两个人说：对话

例句: At last there can be a reasonable dialog between our two governments.我们两国最后终于能理智地进行对话了。《辞典》

analog ['?n?l?:g] n.相似物，类似情况，对等的人

单词记忆：ana另一个+log说=用另外一个说法表达这个说法：类比

6

例句: Indicating a conversion from analog information to digital form. 表示模拟信息到数字信息的转换。《辞典》

analogy [??n?l?d?i] n.1.类似，相似2.类推，类比

例句: The analogy is rather farfetched. 这个比方有点驴唇不对马嘴。《新英汉大辞典》

catalog ['k?t?l?:g] n.1.目录（册）2.一系列vt. 将编入目录，将（书籍、资料等）编目

单词记忆：cata覆盖+log说=把所说的话全部覆盖：目录

例句: As long as the grocery shelves are stocked and the clothes from the mail-order catalog arrive a few days later, we never give a second thought to how the goods are delivered.

只要杂货店的货架上还有存货，从邮购商品目录中买来的衣服能够几天后收到，人们就绝不会多考虑这些货物是如何被递送的。（2000 Businessweek）

monologue ['m?n?l?g] n.1.（别人简直无法插嘴的）滔滔不绝的话2.（戏剧、电影等中的）独白

单词记忆：mono一+logue说=一个人说话：独白

例句: He went into a long monologue. 他一个人滔滔不绝地讲话。《简明英汉词典》

logic ['l?d??k] n.逻辑（学）的，符合逻辑的 2.合乎常理的

例句: His logic is too loose to make much sense. 他的推理太不严密，没什么道理。

log [l?g] 1.航行日志，航海记录2.日志3.测程器4.原木，圆木，木材vt.&vi.1.把…记入航行日志 2.记录3.伐木，把…锯成段

例句: The captain described the accident in the ship's log. 船长在航海日志中描述了这件事。

biology [ba???l?d?i] n.1生物学，2.生理

例句: Thermodynamics originated as the study of heat and steam engines but has been generalized to include subjects as perse as computers, biology and cosmology. 热力学最初是对热和蒸汽机的研究，但已被推广应用到诸如计算机、生物学、宇宙学等多个学科范围。(1991 Time)

geology [d??'?l?d??] n.1.地质学 2.地质情况

真题例句: Although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. 虽然职业化和专业化过程在19世纪的英国地质学界中早己形成，但是它的效果却延迟到20世纪才充分显示出来。（2001阅读Text 1）

psychology [?el?kw?nt] n.心理学，心理状态

真题例句: Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology.社会科学学科包括地理学、经济学、政治科学、心理学和社会学。（2003翻译）

Eloquent [?el?kw?nt] a.1.雄辩的，口才流利的，有说服力的2.明白显示的

单词记忆：e=ex向外+loqu说+ent形容词后缀=不停地说话：口才流利的

例句: Lonely, anonymous, romantic and squalid, these images are an eloquent reminder of the often cruel yet fertile relationship between the city and the artist.孤独、匿名、浪漫、脏乱的形象生动地显示出艺术家同城市之间那种残酷却又有成效的关系。(2006 Tate)

slogan [?sl??g?n] n.标语，口号，广告语

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例句: Such a slogan will bind our hand and foot. 这个口号会约束我们的手脚。《简明英汉词典》

喊1

claim, clam来自拉丁文clamare (=cry out , to shout, to call)大叫

claim [kle?m] vt.1.声称，断言2.对…提出要求，索取3.（灾难等）使失踪或死亡4.需要，值得n.1.要求，认领，索赔 2.声称，断言

例句: He claimed that the world was warming, but he was regarded as an eccentric. 他声称世界正在变暖，但是却被人们视为一个怪人。(2008 Economist)

acclaim [?'kle?m] vt.向…欢呼，为…喝彩n.称赞，欢迎

单词记忆：ac对着+claim喊= 对着喊：为...喝彩

真题例句: At any rate, this change will ultimately be acclaimed by an ever growing number of both domestic and international consumers …无论如何，这种变化将最终受到越来越多国内外消费者的欢迎。（2010阅读Part B）

exclaim [?k'skle?m] vt.&vi.呼喊，惊叫，大声说

单词记忆：ex向外+claim喊=向外喊，声音四面八方传递：呼喊

真题例句: He exclaimed once again over her genius for discovering comedy in almost any kind of situation. 他再次为她几乎能在任何场合下发现笑料的天分而惊呼。(2007 Time)

exclamation [?ekskl??me??n] n.感叹，感叹语，感叹词

例句: It is debatable whether her keyboard even has an exclamation point on it.甚至于她的键盘上是不是有感叹号都让他们争个不停。(2008 Time)

proclaim [pr?'kle?m] vt.1.宣告，宣布，表明 2.显示

单词记忆：pro在...之前+claim说=在大家面前说：宣告，宣布

真题例句: joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise 沾沾自喜地、霸气十足地公然宣称他们对才智的敌意，也迫不急待地表示出对那些在才智上最没有前途的孩子们的认同（2004阅读Text 4）

proclamation [?pr?kl??me??n] n.宣言，公告，声明

reclaim [r?'kle?m] vt.1.要回2.开拓，开垦3. 回收利用4. 使改正，改造5. 驯，驯服

单词记忆：

例句: The aborigines are in an effort to reclaim their cultural and spiritual heritage.这些土著人民在努力收回他们的文化和精神遗产。(2004 Time)

喊2

voc，voke，vot，vow来自拉丁文vocare（=to sound；call；name）喊

voice [v??s] n.1.说话声，嗓音2.发言权，（表达出的）意见3.语态vt.说（话），（用

言语）表达

例句: Still, the doctor remains the arbiter of life and death and as such speaks with the voice of authority.医生仍然是生与死的仲裁者；作为医生他通常用权威性的语气说话。(2001 Pediatrics)

advocate ['?dv?ke?t] vt.拥护，提倡，主张n.1.拥护者，提倡者2.辩护者

单词记忆：ad 对着+voc说+ate动词后缀=对着...说：提倡，拥护，鼓吹

真题例句: I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of ―having it all‖ into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.我已从一个―获得一切‖哲学的热情倡导者，变成了一个

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很容易心满意足的女人。（2001阅读Text 5）

devote （to）1.把专用（于）2.将奉献给 3.宣誓给予

例句: After her marriage, she couldn't devote herself totally to her music. 她结婚之后无法全力倾注于音乐。《简明英汉词典》

evoke [?'v??k] vt.唤起，引起，使人想起

单词记忆：e=ex向外+voke 将...唤出=唤起，引起

例句: These images are likely to evoke a strong response in the viewer.这些图像可能会在观众中产生强烈反响。《简明英汉词典》

provoke [pr?'v??k] vt.1.对挑衅，激怒 2.激起，引起，唤起

单词记忆：pro向前+voke说=说着往前走：挑衅

例句: Don't provoke the animal by teasing. It may bite you. 不要挑逗动物，它会咬你的。

vote [v??t]n.1.票，选票2.投票，选举，表决3.表决结果，投票总数vt.&vi.投票，选举（出），表决例句: At the next vote, we must try to bring down the government. 下次选举时，我们一定设法击败政府。《简明英汉词典》

veto [?vi:t??] n.否决

例句: The President has the power of veto. 总统有否决权。《简明英汉词典》

vocation [v???ke??n] n.1.召唤，号召 2.天命，天职 3.特殊的适应性，才能 4.行业，职业

例句: She struggled for years to find her true vocation. 她多年来苦苦寻找真正适合自己的职业。《简明英汉词典》

spir来自拉丁文spirare（=to breathe；mind）呼吸

spirit ['sp?r?t] n.1.精神 2.灵魂，幽灵 3.气概，志气 4.[pl.]情绪，心情5.[pl.]烈酒

单词记忆：词根是呼吸，即生命的气息，引申为精神、幽灵

spiritual [?sp?r?t?u?l] a.1.精神（上）的 2.宗教（上）的

例句: Although the Christmas season has become distressingly more materialistic each year, holiday shopping still offers a sense of community spirit and a setting for acts of kindness and brotherhood.虽然每年的圣诞季节令人苦恼地变得越来越物质化，但是节日购物仍然给人们一种团体精神意识和鼓励人们友善、博爱的氛围。（2002 Time）

aspire [?'spa??(r)] vi.（to，after）渴望，追求，有志于

单词记忆：a=ac去+spire呼吸=去呼吸：有呼吸，才会有生命，有生命就会有追求

aspirant [??spa??r?nt] n.有抱负者，有志者a.上进的，有志气的，有抱负的

aspiration [??sp??re??n] n.1.热望，抱负2. 发音时的送气或吸气

例句: So it was used by the nobility to criticise pretentious newcomers who aspired to join their select club.所

以它被贵族们用来非难那些渴望加入他们名流俱乐部的自命不凡的新加入者。(2008 Eastdulwich)

conspire [k?n'spa??(r)] vt.&vi.1.密谋2.（事件等）巧合，共同导致

单词记忆：con一起+spire呼吸=他两一起呼吸，也就是一个鼻孔出气：密谋

conspiracy [k?n'sp?r?s?] n.阴谋，密谋

例句: People always conspire to keep the truth from me. 人们总是串通一气不把真情告诉我。

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despair [d?'spe?(r)] n\vi 绝望

单词记忆：de和一切不好的东西相关+spire希望=不好的希望：绝望

desperate：adj 绝望的

expire [?k'spa??(r)] vi.1.期满，（期限）终止2.断气，死亡

单词记忆：ex向外+spire呼吸=只有出的气，没有进的气，所以叫断气

例句: His term of office as president will expire next year. 他的总统任期明年将届满。

inspire [?n'spa??(r)] vt.1.鼓舞，激起 2.给以灵感

单词记忆：in在...里面+spire呼吸=使这种精神气进入到某人心里面：鼓舞

inspiration [??nsp?'re??n] n.1.灵感 2.鼓舞人心的人（或事物）

例句: These are the people whom you hope to inspire with lofty ideals! 这些人就是你想用崇高的理想去激

励鼓舞的人啊！

perspire [p?'spa??(r)] vt.&vi.1.出汗，流汗2.分泌，渗出

单词记忆：per透+spire呼吸=皮肤呼吸是透过皮肤以出汗的方式=出汗，流汗

perspiration [?p?:sp??re??n] n.1.排汗2.汗液，汗水

例句: People considered it as an honor to pay strength and perspire for it. 大家把为大桥出的一点力，流的一点汗，当作光荣和幸福。《简明英汉词典》

respire [r?'spa??(r)] vt.&vi.呼吸

单词记忆：re反复+spire呼吸=呼吸

respiration [?resp??re??n] n.1.呼吸2.无肺呼吸3.呼吸作用

例句: This demonstrates that plants respire to consume oxygen. 这实验证明植物进行呼吸作用时消耗氧气。Unit 2

头

cap 来自拉丁文caput (=head头)

cap [k?p] n.1.帽子，军帽，（瓶）帽，（笔）帽2.巅峰，最高处vt.戴帽子，盖在…顶上

真题例句: When a member has commuted his pension for a lump sum, we have to check whether the member‘s benefits are above the compensation cap level.如果一名成员把按时分期领取的退休金改为一次领清，那么我们必须审核这名成员的受益是否高于补偿的最高水平。（2007 Pension Protection Fund）

capital ['k?p?tl] n.1.首都，首府2.资本，资金3.大写字母a.1.大写的2.应判死刑的，死罪的

真题例句: The railroad industry... still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. 就整个铁路工业来说……它的收入仍然不足以支付为满足不断增长的运输需要而投入的资金。（2003 阅读Text 3）

capitalism [?k?p?t?l?z?m] n.资本主义

真题例句: Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to nineteenth century ―free enterprise‖ capitalism? 我是在建议回到我们工业化前的生产模式或十九世纪自由企业资本主义吗？（1993 阅读Text 2）

captain ['k?pt?n] n.1.船长，机长2.上尉，队长，领队

cabbage [?k?b?d?] n.卷心菜，洋白菜

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例句: When the water boils add the meat and the cabbage. 水开时加入肉和洋白菜。

cape [ke?p] n.1.斗篷，披肩2.海角，岬

真题例句: The label on a child‘s Batman cape cau tions that...印在儿童的蝙蝠侠披风上的标识语也告诫说……（1999阅读Text 1）

chapter [?t??pt?(r)] n.章，回，篇

例句: ChapterⅠis about medical beauty and medical aesthetics. 第一章医学美和医学美学。

decapitate [d?'k?p?te?t] vt.&vi.斩首

单词记忆：de向下+cap头+it走+ate=使头往下走：砍头

cap, cop, cup, cab来自拉丁文capere (=to hold, to catch抓取；控制；容纳)

capable ['ke?p?bl] n.1.（实际）能力2.潜能，性能3.容量

真题例句: ...lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers‘ demands. 贸易与投资壁垒的减少，以及扩大的市场需要能够满足消费者需求的扩大的生产（2001阅读Text 4）

capacity [k?'p?s?t?] n.1.容量，容积2.才能，能力3.身份，职位

真题例句: ...they became ―personal‖ too, as well as institutional, with display becoming sharper and storage capacity increasing...随着显示效果越来越清晰及存储量越来越大，电脑已不只是团体机构的用具，也成了个人的用具。（2002知识运用）

capsule ['k?psju:l] n.1.胶囊（剂）2.航天舱，密封舱

例句: If you do not like the taste, take it in capsule form. 如果你实在不喜欢这个味道，那么就服用胶囊吧。

captive ['k?pt?v] a.被俘虏的，被捕获的n.俘虏

真题例句: Railroads typically charge such ―captive‖ shippers 20 to 30 percent more...通常，铁路公司对这些―受控制的‖托运商的收费要……高出20%至30%。（2003阅读Text 3）

captivate ['k?pt?ve?t] vt.迷住，迷惑

例句: The allure and charm of Paris captivate all who visit there. 巴黎的诱惑与魅力吸引了所有到此游玩的人。

capture ['k?pt??(r)] vt.1.俘虏，捕获2.夺得，占领n.俘获，捕获

真题例句: Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests. 其他的标准化测试，比如学术评估测验和研究生入学考试，都充分体现了智商测试的主要特点。（2007阅读Text 2）

cope [k??p] vi.（with）（成功地）应付，（妥善地）处理

真题例句: Homelessness has reached such proportions that local governments can‘t possibl y cope.实际上，无家可归问题已经达到如此规模，连地方政府都无法应对了。(2006知识运用)

cop [k?p] n.警察vt.&vi.1．抓住，拿走2.偷盗

例句: Why not cop a new angle and go for the art-lover approach? 为什么不抓住一个新的角度，来点更有艺术性的方式呢？

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occupy ['?kj?pa?] vt.1.占领，占，占用2，使忙碌，使从事

真题例句: Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they‘ll do better.在过去的整整一年中，它1431个座席的上座率达到94%，而且今年会更好。（2006 阅读Text 2）

occupation [??kju?pe??n] n.1.工作，职业2.（人）从事的活动，消遣3.占领，占据

例句: Sure, her criminal background is shady and her occupation is less than commendable. 当然，她的犯罪背景是灰暗的，她的工作也不值得人羡慕。(2006 USA Today)

手足

手

man，manu，men，min来自拉丁文manus（=hand；to handle）

minister ['m?n?st?(r)] n.1.部长，大臣 2.公使，外交使节 3.牧师

单词记忆：mini管理+ster=管理的人：部长

例句: He succeeded his father as minister of state at 14, the post being administered for him in his minority. 他在14岁时继承了他父亲国务大臣的职位，当这个职位被授予时他还未成年。(Encyclopedia)

ministry ['m?n?str?] n.（政府的）部

例句: The spokesman of the Foreign Ministry announced the news to the reporters.外交部发言人向记者发布新闻。《21世纪大英汉词典》

administer [?d'm?n?st?(r)] vt.1.掌管，料理…的事务2.施行，实施3.给予，派给，投（药）

单词记忆：ad=ac去+minister管理=去管理：管理

例句: If there are groups of the population unable to meet medical costs, some of the reasons for the lack of purchasing ability are sure to be found outside the realm of the present costs and methods of administering medical service.如果有一些人群无法支付医疗费用，那么缺乏购买力的部分原因必定是在现在医疗服务管理的成本和方法范围之外的原因。(2007 Jstor)

administration [?d?m?n??stre??n] n. 1.管理，经营，支配 2.管理部门，行政机关，政府3.实行，执行

真题例句: If the Administration won t take the legislative initiative，Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures.如果政府没有先行立法限制此事，国会就应当开始帮助制定保护措施。（2005阅读Text 2）

command [k?'mɑ:nd] n.1.命令，指挥2.指挥，指控3.掌握，运用能力vt.1.命令，指挥2.拥有，掌握3.值得，应得4.附临，俯瞰

单词记忆：com强调+mand手=原义是把零件放在某人手上：命令，指令

例句: Few men who find themselves cast as heroes early in life continue to command universal esteem till the end.那些在人生早期发现自己被视为英雄的人很少到死的时候仍然得到广泛的尊重。（2008 Economist）commander [k??m?nd?] n.指挥官，司令官

commence [k?'mens] vt.&vi.1.开始着手做 2.开始，起动

例句: The performances will commence in a minute.演出马上就开始。《21世纪大英汉词典》

maneuver [m?'nu:v?]n.1.谨慎而熟练的动作 2.策略，花招 3.[pl.]演习vt.1.设法使变动位置 2.（敏捷或巧妙地）操纵，控制vi.1.设法变动位置 2.用策略，耍花招

单词记忆：man手+euver=opera劳作=用手去劳作：调动，演习

例句: All the fighters landed safely on the airport after the military maneuver.在军事演习后，所有战斗机都安全降落在机场上。《21世纪大英汉词典》

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manipulate [m?'n?pj?le?t] vt.1.操纵，控制，影响 2.（熟练地）操作，使用

单词记忆：mani手+pul技巧+ate动词后缀=熟练的操作，巧妙的处理，操纵

例句: Attempts by politicians to manipulate public opinion via the media are once again becoming a notorious fact of life. 政客们通过媒体控制公共舆论的企图再次成为臭名昭著的事实。(2006 Free Space)

走1

cede, ceed, cess走，去

access ['?kses] n. 1. 入口，通道2. （进入某地方，使用某物或接近某人的）机会或权利v. 到达，进入；使用，获取，存取（尤指电脑数据）

单词记忆：ac朝+cess走=朝向...走：入口

真题例句: The internet... is making free access to scientific results a reality.网络让免费使用科研成果（的机会）变为现实。（2008阅读Text 2）

concede [k?n'si:d] v. 1.（勉强地）承认(某事属实、合乎逻辑等) 2 .（尤指不情愿地）让给，让

与；允许（拥有权力等）3. 承认（失败），认输［近give in］

单词记忆：con一起+cess走=大家都走一步，退一步海阔天空：让步，妥协

例句: She conceded that initially she was a willing recipient of the injections—until she became

addicted.她承认开始的时候自己是自愿接受注射，一直到她上瘾为止。（2001 Reader‘s Digest）concession [k?n'se?n] n. 1. 承认，给予，容许，许可2.（为结束争端或分歧而）让与某人之物，让步，妥协 3.（政府或雇主等许可的）特权；特许权

真题例句: But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.但

是，现在他们对批评者妥协，并由此招致做出更多让步的压力。（2010 阅读Text 4）

precede [pr?'si:d] v. 1. 走在……之前，先于……（发生或存在）；（在一系列中）排在……之

2.在……前先说，给……加上引号

单词记忆：pre在...之前+cede走=走在...之前：先于

真题例句: ...the ―premium‖ system, which preceded our patent system and for years ran parallel

with it.―奖赏‖制度产生于我们的专利制度之前，且多年来与后者一同实施。(1996 阅读Text 4) precedent [?pres?d?nt] n. 1. 先例，前例；（可援引的）判例，范例2. 惯例，常规

真题例句: ...today‘s immigration is neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation…

如今的移民既未达到前所未有的水平也不抵制同化。（2006 阅读Text 1）

proceed [pr?'si:d] v.1.（向某一方向）行进，前往2. 继续进行，继续做

单词记忆：pro在...之前+ceed走=一直往前走：前进，进步

真题例句：Subscribers can customize the information they want to receive and proceed directly to

a company‘s We

b site.用户可以量身设定自己想要接收的信息，然后直接进入某个公司的网

址。（1999阅读Text 2）

proceeding [pr??si:d??]n.1. 事件，过程，一连串行动2. 诉讼，诉讼程序

例句: On Coronation day, all of Rome gathers to watch the proceedings.举行加冕典礼的那天，

罗马所有的人都聚集到一起观看仪式。

process [pr?'ses] n.1.（为取得某个结果而采取的）步骤，程序，过程；（自然发展、变化的）过程，进程2. 制作法，工序，工艺流程v.1.加工，处理，冲印（照片）2. 审阅，审核，处理（文件、请求等）3. 列队行进；缓慢而严肃地行进

真题例句: All this could change the traditional form of the peer review process.这一切都将改变传统的同行

13

评议程序。（2008阅读Text 2）

procession [pr?'se?n] n.1.（人或车辆的）队列，列队行进，游行2.（同类人或物的）接连出现

例句: About 1000 Socialists marched in procession through the streets of Warsaw.大约一千名社会主义者列队走过华沙的街道。（2008 New York Times）

recede [r?'si:d] v.（从原来的地方）退却，退走；渐渐远离，渐渐远去2.（记忆）变模糊，（感情）逐渐淡漠；（可能性等）逐渐减小

单词记忆：re往回+cede走=往回走：退却

例句: When the waters receded, more than 125000 people were dead and some 9 million left homeless.当洪水退去后，超过125000人死亡，大约九百万人无家可归。（2008 Newsweek）

succeed [s?k'si:d] v. 1.接替，继任；替代；继承2.达到目的, 实现目标，取得效果3.成功,有成就

例句: That bipolar world is gone, succeeded by a period of unipolarism.那个两极世界已经消失，

随后出现的是一段单极世界的时期。(2007 Nowpublic)

succession [s?k?se?n] n.1.（事物）交替，更迭2.（人）继承，继任；继承权3. 连续不断（的人或物）；一连串，一系列

例句: These were fertility rituals connected with the succession of the seasons.这些是与四季的更

迭相关的生育仪式。（2007 Crossroads）

走2

grad, gress行走

aggressive [??gres?v] a.1. 好斗的，挑衅性的［近hostile, warlike］2.有进取心的，雄心勃勃的

单词记忆：ag朝向+gress走+ive形容词后缀=不怀好意的朝你走来：好斗的，挑衅的

真题例句: But in the present organization of the Olympics there is far too much that encourages aggressive patriotism.但目前的奥运会组织方式确实过多地鼓励了攻击性爱国情绪。(1992 阅读Text 3)

congress ['k??ɡres]n.1.代表大会2. （美国或其他一些国家的）国会（立法机关）；议会

单词记忆：con全部+gress走=走到一起来开会

真题例句: ...Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures……国会应当开始帮助制定保护措施（2005阅读Text 2）

graduate ['ɡr?d???t]n.1.毕业生；(尤指完成学士学位课程的)大学毕业生v.2. 获得（尤指学士）学位；毕业 3.授予4. 逐渐进展、上升a.研究生的，攻读硕士（或博士）学位的

真题例句: f31457d9bd64783e08122ba3puter education advocates often emphasize the job prospects of graduates over their educational achievement.计算机教育倡导者常常只强调毕业生的就业前景，而忽略了他们的教育成就。（1999阅读Text 3）

undergraduate [??nd??gr?d?u?t] n.（尚未取得学位的）本科生

真题例句: However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities.然而，只是在最近几年里它才成为加拿大大学本科课程的一个特色。（2007 翻译）

Ingredientt [?n?gri:di?nt] n.1.成分，（尤指烹饪）原料2.（完成某事的）要素，因素

单词记忆：in在...里面+gred走+ient名词后缀=走进去成为其一部分

真题例句: ...which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom.现在投资者却把（它）看作持续繁荣必不可少的一个因素（2004阅读Text3）

14

progress [?pr?uɡres]n.1.进步，进展，进程2. 前进，行进3. 进步，改进，进展4. 行进；（时间上）推移；(活动等)继续进行或发展5. （从做一件事）转向（做另一件事）［+to sth］

真题例句: ...there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress…不明真相的公众真的有可能扑灭医学进步的宝贵火种。（2003 阅读Text 2）progressive a.1. 进步的，先进的2. 稳步发展的，逐步的n. 进步人士，改革派

例句: I have long regarded the progressive elements of the country s press as the nations most powerful tool against forces of obscurantism.长期以来，我把这个国家媒体的进步因素当作是该国对抗蒙昧主义势力的最有力的工具。(2002 The Guardian)

congregate：['k??gr?ge?t] vt.& vi. 使集合，聚集adj. 聚集的，集合的；集体的；集团的

单词记忆：con全部+greg走+ate动词后缀=全部走到一起来：使集合，聚集

segregate ['seɡr?ɡe?t] v.1.（使）分开，隔开2. (尤指因种族、性别、宗教不同而)隔离

例句: It does make sense to seek to segregate cycle traffic from motor traffic in particularly congested areas, but this is usually done at the expense of a third (and almost totally ignored) group—pedestrians.在交通特别拥挤的地方把自行车和机动车分开是完全说得过去的，但这常常是以牺牲第三个群体——几乎完全忽视——行人的利益为代价的。(2008 The Guardian)

upgrade [??p'ɡre?d] v.1.提高（服务、设施等的）档次，升级2.提升，提拔n. 升级

例句: Christmas is not just the world‘s best time to se ll electronic gifts, but also to convince households to upgrade their ?entertainment system‘.圣诞节不只是全世界销售电子礼品的最好时机，也是说服家庭用户升级他们娱乐系统的最好时机。(2006 The Guardian)

走3

it (=to go) 走

ambition [?m?b??n] n.1.抱负，雄心，野心2. 追求的目标，夙愿［近aim, desire］

单词记忆：amb周围+it走+tion名词后缀=本义为（为了某个目的）四处走动、游说

ambitious [?m'b???s] a.1.有雄心大志的；野心勃勃的2. 费力的；耗资的；耗时的［近demanding］真题例句: Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious.不惜一切代价获得成功，但避免表现出雄心勃勃。（2000阅读Text 5）

initiate [?'n???e?t] v.1. 开始；发起；创始2. 向（某人）传授专门知识或技巧；教…开始尝试3.（尤指在秘密仪式上）使加入，接纳n.新加入某组织、机构或宗教的人

真题例句:...so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean ……因此这个热点就引发了一个新的海洋的形成（1998阅读Text 5）

initial [?'n??l] a.1.开始的，最初的2. 名字的首字母；［用复数］全名的首字母v. 在（文

件等）上签上姓名的首字母（使其正式或表示同意）

单词记忆：in向里+it走+ial形容词后缀=本义是走入、入门

真题例句: ...and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential.而且有多少其他人对这些人中的每一个投以关注与最初的有影响力人士并无多大关系。（2010阅读Text 3）

initiative [?'n???t?v] n.1. 自发性，主动性2.倡议，新方案3.掌握有利条件的能力或机会;主动权

真题例句: It was moreover a step away from inpidual initiative, towards collectivism and municipal and state-owned business.而且这也是公司摆脱个体的自发性，向集体化和市营、国营迈出的一步。(1996阅读Text 3)

15

perish ['per??] v.1.死亡，（尤指）猝死，惨死2. 丧失，毁灭，消亡

单词记忆：per从始至终+ish=it走=从始至终走完了：消亡

真题例句: ...we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions.我们的基因决定我们即使在最理想的环境里也会衰老和死亡。（2003阅读Text 4）

transient ['tr?nz??nt] a.1.短暂的，转瞬即逝的2.暂住的，流动性的n. 暂住某地的人；临时工；

单词记忆：trans转移+i=it走+ent形容词后缀=转移

transition [tr?n?z??n] n.1.过渡，转变，变迁

真题例句: ...the transition from school to work can be less of a setback.那么他在从学校向职场的转变中遭遇的挫折也许会少些(2007阅读Part B）

走4

vade走

evade [?'ve?d] v逃避，躲避

单词记忆：e=ex向外+vade走=走出去

例句: By his own admission, he evaded paying taxes as a Florida real-estate speculator.据他自己承认，他作为佛罗里达房地产投机商时逃过税。

invade [?n've?d] vt. 侵略；侵袭；侵扰；涌入vi. 侵略；侵入；侵袭；侵犯

单词记忆：in里面+vade走=走进来

例句: In autumn 1944 the Allies invaded the Italian mainland at Anzio and Salerno.1944年秋，盟军从安齐奥和萨莱诺侵入意大利大陆。

Unit 3

手上之动作

绑1

band,bond,bind 捆绑系击打抓握拿

band [b?nd] n.1.带，箍；条纹，条饰2. （数目、年龄、价格等的）范围，段；频带，波段3.（因共同的信念或者目标而组织到一起的）一群人，一伙人；（尤指流行音乐）乐队

v. 用带子捆绑；加彩条（或嵌条等）5.（根据收入、价格或价值）分等级，划分档次

词根记忆：band是邦迪创可贴的品牌名，创可贴的作用是绑伤口，形状是条形的，发音也和“绑的”相似。

例句: He removed the two rubber bands from the envelopes that contained his tax forms.他把装税收报表的信封上绑着的两个橡皮圈拿开了。（2007 The New York Times）

bind [ba?nd] v.1.捆绑，系2.（使）粘合，凝结3.（使）联合在一起，结合4.约束，迫使5.（书籍）装订；缝牢……的边

词根记忆：bind是由band元音降级变化而来，两边辅音不动，中间元音降级。

真题例句: Introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which makes the European Convention on Human Rights legally binding in Britain.《人权法案》的引入使《欧洲人权公约》在英国具有了法律约束力（2001知识运用）

bond [b?nd] n.1.连接，结合 2.捆绑用的绳索或镣铐;桎梏，羁绊 3. 纽带，联系4.（具有法律效力的）书面协定或允诺，契约5.（政府或公司发行的）有息债券，公债

16

v.6.使牢固结合，把……紧紧连接到7. (与某人)建立信赖和亲切的关系

词根记忆：bind 是由bond元音降级变化而来，两边辅音不动，中间元音降级。

词组搭配：Government Bond：国债

例句: The vapor reaction process leads to a firm bond between film and glass.气态反应法使薄膜和玻璃牢

固地接合在一起。（2002 Scientific World）

bound [ba?nd] a.1.（受法律、义务、情况约束）必须做某事；有义务（做某事）2.很可能会，肯定会3.因……受阻（或不能正常工作）4.正旅行去（某地），准备前往

v.5.形成边界或界限，限制6.跳跃着跑（尤指充满活力地）7.界限，限度，极限

词根记忆：bind 是由bond元音降级变化而来，两边辅音不动，中间元音降级。

词组搭配：be bound to do 一定要做某事；be bound up with：和...有联系

真题例句: ...which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging....它们最终可能被证实更为简单、很可能更为有趣、更富挑战性（1994阅读Text 5）

boundary ['ba?ndr?] n. 1.（地区、领土等的）分界线;边界，界限

真题例句: Unlike most of the world‘s volcanoes, they are not always found at the boundaries of the great drifting plates...和世界上大多数火山不同的是，它们并不总是在巨大漂流板块之间的边界上被发现。（1998阅读Text 5）

abound [?'ba?nd] vt富于，充满，大量存在

单词记忆：a=ab否定前缀+bound界限，范围=没有范围：富于，充满

派生：abundant：a丰富的，无边无际的

abundance：n 丰富，充裕

rebound：[r?'ba?nd] vi弹回，反弹

单词记忆：re返回+bound弹跳=反弹

真题例句：The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle...问题在于，近几年发生的生产力的快速增长部分是由于商业周期通常到了这时候就会出现的反弹造成的。

绑2

religion [r??l?d??n] n.宗教，宗教信仰

单词记忆：re再一次+lig绑+ion名词后缀=收到上帝、神灵的约束、束缚：宗教，宗教信仰

真题例句: Meanwhile, many settlers had slighter religious commitments than Dane‘s, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New World for religion.此外，正如一名牧师在与沿海地区渔民相遇时所了解到的，很多移民并没有丹奈这么虔诚的宗教信仰。（2009阅读Text 4）

religious [r??l?d??s] a.1.宗教的 2.笃信宗教的，虔诚的

真题例句: When their basic motivation is religious, one might have expected more Christian behavior.由于他们的基本动机是宗教，人们原本还期待他们会做出更具基督精神的行为。(1996阅读Text 5)

oblige [?'bla?d?] vt.1.迫使 2.施恩于，帮的忙（僻义）3.使感激

单词记忆：ob朝、向+lig捆绑=约束，强迫

真题例句: Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution.另外，欧共体的形成将迫使电视公司在制作和发行方

17

面更密切地合作。（2005翻译）

词组搭配：be obliged to sb感激某人；be obliged to do sth 强迫去做某事

obligation [??bl?'ɡe??n] n.义务，责任

真题例句: His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.他的职责与法官相似，即他必须承担这样的责任: 用尽可能明了的方式来展示自己做出决定的推理过程。(2006 翻译)

击打1

bat

bat [b?t] n.1.蝙蝠2.球棒，球拍

单词记忆：形状引申，蝙蝠的翅膀和球拍很像

例句: Having to live through every ball he has to bat or bowl would be a nightmare.不得不伴着他每一次的击球或投球过日子会是一场噩梦。（2001 The Daily Telegraph）

battle ['b?tl] n.1.战役，战斗2.斗争，决斗vi.作战，斗争

真题例句: Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused.毫无疑问，他们对战斗的描述令人费解。（2000阅读Text 3）

beat [bi:t] vt.1.（接近地）打，击，敲2.打败，战胜，胜过3.难倒，使无法达到vi.（心脏等）跳动n.1.（心脏等的）跳动（声）2.有节奏的敲击（声） 3.（音乐的）拍子，节拍

例句: They beat him unconscious.他们把他打昏了。《21世纪大英汉词典》

battery [?b?tri] n.1.电池（组），蓄电池（组）2.排炮，炮组3.一系列，一套

例句: Stevens card was cancelled in 2002 after a domestic battery arrest.在2002年斯蒂文因家庭殴打罪被逮捕后，他的卡被宣布失效。(2008 Chicago Tribune)

combat ['k?mb?t] n.战斗，斗争，格斗vt.与斗争，与战斗

真题例句: The Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty.互联网完全可以成为

战胜世界贫困最强有力的工具。（2001阅读Text 2）

debate[d?'be?t]n./vt.&vi.辩论，争论

真题例句: Many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients...许多医学界人士承认，致使医助自杀这场争论升温的部分原因是病人们的绝望情绪……（2000阅读Text 4）

rebel：['rebl] v造反，反叛，反抗

单词记忆：re反对+bel打=站在反对统治者的立场上对抗：造反

派生词汇：rebellion n 造反，叛乱

击打2

fend,fest打击

fence [fend] n.栅栏，围栏，篱笆vt.把…用栅围起，用栅隔开vi.击剑

例句: He swung himself over the fence.他纵身一跃跳过了篱笆。《21世纪大英汉词典》

fencing [?fens??]n.1.栅栏，篱笆，围墙2.击剑运动，剑术3.辩论4.筑栅栏的材料

18

defend：[d?'fend]vt 防卫，辩护

单词记忆：de向下+fend打击=打下去：防卫

defence [d??fens] n. （D-）（美国）国防部，防卫，防卫物vt. 谋划抵御

例句: The US defence secretary confused Afghanistan with Iraq at a news conference earlier this week.这周前些时候美国国防部秘书在一场新闻发布会上将阿富汗和伊拉克混淆. (2003 The Guardian)

defense [d?'fens] n.1.防御，保卫，保护2.[pl.]防御工具3.辩护，答辩

真题例句: The defense of the Church became a rallying cry for the conservative forces.捍卫教会成为保守势力的战斗口号。（2007知识运用）

defensive [d??fens?v] a.防御用的，自卫的n.防御

例句: In today's politics, the first is on the offensive and the second on the defensive.在今天的政界，主动出击和积极防守必须紧密结合。(2008 Economist)

defendant[d??fend?nt]n.被告

例句: They have the upper hand from the beginning because defendants have little time in which to collect everything that is relevant for discovery.他们从一开始就处于上风，因为被告没有时间来收集有价值的资料。（2003 Economist）

fend [fend] vt.&v

i.1.（for oneself）照顾（自己），（自己）谋生 2.（off）挡开，避开

例句: And even though Google is a huge organization, it still has the agility and forward-thinking to fend off attackers.所以即使谷歌是一个庞大的机构，它仍然具有敏捷性和前瞻性的思维来抵御攻击。

offend [?'fend] vt.1.冒犯，得罪，伤害…的感情2.使厌倦，使不舒服3.违犯，违反

单词记忆：of=ac对着+fend打击=对着...打：冒犯

例句: Do not be offended if a German appears reserved about his or her private life.如果德国人不愿谈及自己的私生活也不要因此而恼火。(2008 Economist)

offense/offence [??fens] n.1.犯规，违法行为 2.冒犯，得罪

例句: One out of every 100 adults is behind bars because one out of every 100 adults has committed a serious criminal offense.每一百名成年人中有一人入狱是因为每一百名成年人中就有一人犯过一起严重的刑事罪行。(2008 The New York Times)

offensive [??fens?v]a.1.冒犯的，无礼的，使人不快的 2.进攻的，攻击性的n.进攻，攻势

例句: At least half of his audience said they found the remarks offensive to women.他的观众至少有一半表示感觉他的言词对女性很无礼。(2006 The Guardian )

pris,prehend 抓住（理解）扔投切分

comprehend [?k?mpr?'hend] vt.&vi.1.理解，领会2.包含，包括，综合

单词记忆：com全部+prehend抓住=全部都抓住：理解

comprehension [?k?mpr??hen?n] n.1.理解（力）2.理解力测试

comprehensive[?k?mpr??hens?v] a.1.广泛的，综合的2.能充分理解的，容易理解的

例句: The new edition is expanded with over 650 pages of definitions making this dictionary a comprehensive authority on the American language.该字典的新版本中词义部分扩充至650多页，这使得它成为美国语言

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方面的综合性权威著作。(2008 Grant and Cutler)

comprise[k?m'pra?z] vt.1.包含，包括，由组成2.构成，组成

例句: These objects comprise functions and data of the system.这些对象包含系统的功能和数据。

enterprise['ent?pra?z] n.1.（艰巨的）事业，计划2.事业心，进取心3.企业（或事业）单位

例句: The new alliance with top IT companies around the world will enable clients to evolve to new enterprise data centers while offering the widest possible choice of open technologies.与全球顶尖IT公司结成的新联盟将使得委托方发展成为新的企业数据中心，最大程度地提供开放技术选择。(2008 Global Voices)

entrepreneur [??ntr?pr?'n?:(r)] n.企业家

例句: They were cited for their outstanding performance in the field of business, entrepreneurship and public service.这些人因在商业、创业和公共服务领域作出的突出贡献而受到表彰。

prey [pre?] n.1.被捕食的动物，捕获物 2.受害者vt.&vi.（on）1.捕食 2.折磨

例句: The deer fell a prey to the lion.鹿被狮子捕食了。《新英汉大辞典》

prison ['pr?zn] n.监狱

例句: A person whose death sentence is commuted to life imprisonment must serve 25 years before becoming eligible for parole consideration.对于任何一名由死刑减为终身监禁的犯人，在考虑申请获准假释之前必须至少服役25年。（2006 Old Web）

prisoner

['pr?zn?(r)] n.囚徒

例句: Subject to the provisions of the present Convention relative to penal and disciplinary sanctions, prisoners of war may not be held in close confinement except where necessary to safeguard their health.按现行的宪法关于刑事处分和纪律处分的条款，除非是出于保护他们的健康的必要考虑，战争犯可以不必处于严密的监禁之下。(2003 Physics Forums)

prize [pra?z] n.1.奖赏，奖金，奖品2.值得追求的东西a.第一流的vt.珍视，珍惜

例句: In America it is medium sized banks that are prized most highly by the stockmarkets, partly because investors expect them to be bought dearly by the big banks.在美国, 中等大小的银行最受股票市场的青睐, 其中部分原因是因为投资者期望这种银行能被大银行以高价收购. (2006 Economist)

surprise [s?'pra?z] n.1.惊奇2.令人惊奇的事物vt.1.使诧异，使惊奇 2.突然袭击，撞见

真题例句: Today, stepladders carry labels several inches long that warn, among other things, that you might—surprise!—fall off.如今，活梯上贴着几英寸长的警告标签，除了其他警告事项外，还警告你可能会摔下来，简直是莫名其妙！（1999阅读Text 1）

tain,ten 抓住，保持

contain [k?n?te?n] v t.1.包含，容纳2.控制，抑制(僻义）

例句: E-mails sent and received by the employees are considered public records if they contain information related to the transaction of public business.职员发送或接收的邮件如果含有与处理公共事务相关的信息，就被视为公共记录。（2007 The Washington Post）

container [k?n?te?n?(r)] n.容器，集装箱

例句: A reactor is a container f or chemical reaction. 反应器是进行化学反应的容器。

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contented [k?n?tent?d] a.满意的，满足的

例句: A contented per son does not create progress.满足的人不能进步。

discontent [?d?sk?n'tent] n./vt.&vi./a.1.不满意，不满足2.不满者，不满分子

例句: The present wave of strikes stems from discontent among the lower-paid.当前的罢工浪潮起因于低工资雇员们的不满情绪。《简明英汉词典》

attain [?'te?n] vt.&vi.达到，获得，实现

例句: The cheetah can attain speeds of up to 97 kph.猎豹的奔跑速度每小时可达97公里。

attainment [??te?nm?nt] n.1.达到，获得2.成就，造诣，才能

例句: We congratulated her upon her attainment to so great an age.我们祝贺她高寿。

tenant ['ten?nt] n.房客，佃户

例句: The tenant was dispossessed for not paying his rent.那名房客因未付房租而被赶走。

content ['k?ntent] n.1.[pl.]所容纳的东西，所含之物2.[pl.]（书等的）内容，目录3.含量，成分

a.满意的，满足的n.满意，满足vt.使满意，使满足

例句: You will have to content yourself with what you have.你应该满足于你所拥有的一切。

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continent [?k?nt?n?nt] n.大陆，洲

真题例句: The complementary coastlines and certain geological features that seem to span the ocean are reminders of where the two continents were once joined.但互相吻合的海岸线和某些似乎跨越海洋的地质特征会使人想到这两个大陆曾经是在何处连在一起的。（1998阅读Text 5）

continuous [k?n?t?nju?s] a.连续不断的，不断延伸的

例句: A continuous stream of visitors came to the exhibition.参观展览会的人络绎不绝。

continuity [?k?nt?'nju:?t?] n.连续（性），持续（性）

例句: There is no continuity between the three parts of the book.这本书的三个部分之间没有连贯性。《简明英汉词典》

continual [k?n?t?nju?l] a.1.不间断的，不停的2.多次重复的，频频的

例句: I am tired of this continual rain.不停的下雨使我厌倦。《简明英汉词典》

detain [d?'te?n] vt.1.拘留，扣留2.留住，耽搁

例句: He was instructed to inspect the cargo on the ship and detain such cargo if necessary.他奉命去检查船上所载货物并于必要时扣留该项货物。《现代英汉综合大词典》

detention [d?'ten?n] n.1.拘留，扣押，监禁2.阻延，阻留

例句: He was held in detention from 1991 to 2009.他从1991年到2009 年一直被监禁。

entertain [?ent?'te?n] vt.1.招待，款待2.给娱乐，使快乐vi.招待，请客

例句: Stage shows were laid on to entertain the foreign guests.安排几场演出招待那些外宾。

entertainment [?ent??teinm?nt] n.1.娱乐，文娱节目，表演会2.招待，款待，请客

例句: The hotel has a varied programme of nightly entertainment.宾馆有各种晚间娱乐活动。

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