英语句型
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句型宝典 疑問句型
What is this?
結構︰問句：What＋be 動詞＋this（that…）？
答句：This（that…）＋be 動詞＋a book（pen…）。
說明︰此句型意為\這（那）是什麼？這（那）是書（鋼筆…）\。what（什麼）叫做\疑問詞\，用於詢問\事物\，通常放在句首，後接 be <動詞>，再接<主詞>，第一個字母 w要大寫，句尾要加問號(?)，位置不可排錯。
What is this? This is a chair. 這是什麼？這是一張椅子。
What's this? It's a book. 這是什麼？它是一本書。
What is that? That is a desk. 那是什麼？那是一張書桌。 What are these?
結構︰問句：What are＋these／those…？ 答句：These／Those are＋複數名詞（＋s／es）。
說明︰<主詞>與<動詞>的形式要一致，is 後面接單數<名詞>，are 後面要接複數<名詞>。 What are these? These are books. 這些是什麼？這些是書。
What are those? Those are cups. 那些是什麼？那些是茶杯。 What are they? They are glasses. 它們是什麼？它們是玻璃杯。 What are you? 結構︰問句：What＋be 動詞＋主詞（人）…？ 答句：主詞＋be 動詞＋a student…。 說明︰此句型意為\你是做什麼事情的？我是學生…\。疑問詞 what 除了詢問事物之外，還可用於詢問\人的職業或身分\。be <動詞>隨<人稱代名詞>的變化而改變形態，如：I am，we are，you are，he is…。
What are you? I am a student. 你是做什麼事情的？我是一名學生。
What is she? She is a teacher. 她是做什麼事情的？她是一名教師。 Are you a ...?
結構︰問句：Be 動詞（am，are，is）＋主詞＋…？
肯定簡答：Yes，主詞＋am（are，is）。 否定簡答：No，主詞＋am（are，is）not。
說明︰在否定<簡答句>中，<主詞>和 am，is，are 可以縮寫；在肯定<簡答句>中則不可。 Is he a student? Yes, he is. (No, he isn't.) 他是學生嗎？是的，他是。（不，他不是。）
Are you a teacher? Yes, I am. (No, I'm not.) 你是教師嗎？是的，我是。（不，我不是。）
Is that a clock? Yes, it is. (No, it isn't.) 那是鐘錶嗎？是的，它是。（不，它不是。）
What is your name?
結構︰問句：What＋is＋所有格＋name? 答句：所有格＋name＋is＋名字。 說明︰\，your，his，her\為單數人稱的<所有格>；<所有格>後面必接<名詞>，即\所有格>＋<名詞>\；<所有格>不可與 a，an，this，that，these 或 those 緊接一起使用。 What is your name? My name is Sue. 妳叫什麼名字？我的名字叫蘇。
What is his name? His name is John. 他叫什麼名字？他的名字叫約翰。
What is her name? Her name is Jean. 她叫什麼名字？她的名字叫珍。 Who is that ...? 結構︰問句：Who＋be 動詞＋that＋形容詞＋名詞？
答句：That is＋名字。 說明︰Who 是<疑問代名詞>，詢問人的\姓名\或\關係\；將<形容詞>直接放在<名詞>前面，叫做\前位修飾\。
Who is that short boy? That is Bill. 那位矮男孩是誰？那位是比爾。
Who is that tall girl? That is Mary. 那位高女孩是誰？那位是瑪麗。
Who is that fat man? He is my uncle. 那位胖男子是誰？那位是我叔叔。 Where is ...?
結構︰問句：Where＋be 動詞（am，are，is）＋主詞…？
答句：主詞＋be 動詞＋in the＋名詞…。
說明︰問句是\，簡答時可用<副詞片語>\／On the＋<名詞>\。 Where is Sue? She is in her room. 蘇
在那裡？她在她的房間裡。 Where are your books? On the desk. 你的書在那裡？在書桌上。 Where is your mother? She is in the kitchen. 你媽嗎在哪裡？她在廚房裡。 Are you V-ing ...? 結構︰Am（Are，Is）＋主詞＋現在分詞…？ 說明︰此句型意為\主詞>（人，物）正在…嗎？\。這一<句型>轉換的三要素是：be <動詞>移到句首；改為大寫；句尾用問號。 Is Mary sleeping? 瑪麗正在睡覺嗎？ Are you reading a book? 你正在看書嗎？ Is the dog playing? 小狗正在玩耍嗎？ What are you doing? 結構︰問句：What＋am（are，is）＋主詞＋現在分詞？ 答句：主詞＋am（are，is）＋現在分詞…。 說明︰\主詞>（人）正在做什麼？<主詞>（人）正在…\。注意：<祈使句>的動詞只能用原形，不可造<現在進行式>；表示\瞬間產生\的動作的<動詞片語>，如 sit down，stand up，不可造<現在進行式>。 What am I doing? You are reading a book. 我正在做什麼？ 你正在閱讀一本書。 What are the girls doing? They are singing. 姑娘們正在做什麼？ 她們在唱歌。 What is Bill writing? He is writing a letter. 比爾在寫什麼？ 他在寫一封信。 How old are you? 結構︰問句：How old＋be 動詞＋主詞（某人）？ 答句：主詞（某人）＋be 動詞＋year(s) old。 說明︰此句型意為\某人幾歲？某人是…歲\。該句型中，<疑問詞>要用 how，不可用 what；且 be <動詞>（am，is，are）要和後面的<主詞>(某人)配合；答句中的\可以省略。 How old are you? I am twelve (years old). 你幾歲？我十二歲。 How old is your sister? She is thirteen years old. 你的姊妹幾歲？她十三歲。 How old is John? He is one year old. 約翰幾歲？他一歲。 What time is it? 結構︰問句：What time is it？ 答句：It is＋數字＋o'clock。 說明︰此句型意為\現在是幾點鐘？現在是…點鐘\。問句中 what 當<形容詞>，修飾後面的<名詞> time；time 當時間解時，只能用單數，不可用複數。 What time is it? It is ten o'clock. 現在是幾點鐘？現在是十點鐘。 What time is it? It is six o'clock. 現在是幾點鐘？現在是六點鐘。 What time is it? It is nine o'clock. 現在是幾點鐘？現在是九點鐘。 Do you + V ...? 結構︰問句：Do／Does＋主詞＋原形動詞…？ 肯定簡答：Yes，主詞＋do／does。 否定簡答：No，主詞＋don't／doesn't。 說明︰肯定句中，如有一般<動詞>（speak，work，teach…），則在句首加<助動詞> do 或 does，並將一般<動詞>改為原形<動詞>（不加s或es），即構成<疑問句>。 Do you speak English? Yes, I do. (No, I don't.) 你講英語嗎？是的，我講英語。（不，我不講英語。） Does she have a cat? Yes, she does. (No, she doesn't.) 她有一隻貓嗎？是的，她有一隻貓。（不，她沒有一隻貓。） Do they work in office? Yes, they do. (No, they don't.) 他們在辦公室裡工作嗎？是的，他們在辦公室裡工作。（不，他們不在辦公室裡工作。） What time do you + V ...? 結構︰問句：What time＋do／does＋主詞＋原形動詞…？ 答句：主詞（某人）＋一般動詞…＋時間。 說明︰此句型意為\某人幾點做某事？\助動詞> do 或 does 的選擇依<主詞>而定，若<主詞>為第三人稱單數，用 does；其它用 do。 What time do you get up? I usually get up at six. 你幾點起床？我通常六點起床。
What time does he go to bed? He usually goes to bed at ten.他幾點就寢？他通常十點就寢。
What time does your class begin? It begins at eight-ten.
你的課幾點開始？八點十分開始。 What day is today?
結構︰問句：What day is today？
答句：It's＋Sunday／Monday／…。
說明︰此句型意為\今天是星期幾？今天是星期日／星期一／…。\可用於指\星期的名稱\，但 this或 that 不可以；一星期七天的名稱，都是<專有名詞>，開頭的首字母要大寫，前面不加<冠詞>。
What day is today? It's Sunday. 今天是星期幾？今天是星期日。
What day is today? It's Wednesday. 今天是星期幾？今天是星期三。
What day is today? It's Saturday. 今天是星期幾？今天是星期六。 How many N are there ... 結構︰問句：How many＋複數名詞＋are there in／on＋名詞？
答句：There is／are＋單數（複數）名詞＋in／on＋名詞。
說明︰此句型意為\在某處有多少…？在某處有…。\該句型中，many 修飾複數<名詞>；又因本句型是 <疑問句>，故用 are there，不可用 there are。
How many seasons are there in a year? There are four seasons in a year. 一年有幾個季節？ 一年有四季。
How many days are there in a week? There are seven days in a week. 一星期有幾天？ 一星期有七天。
How many lessons are there in this book? There are twelve lessons in this book.
這本書裡有幾課？ 這本書裡有十二課。 How many ... do you have? 結構︰問句：How many＋複數名詞＋do／does＋主詞＋have？ 答句：主詞＋have／has…＋複數名詞＋…。
答句：主詞＋don't／doesn't have…＋複數名詞…。 說明︰\many\後面接複數<可數名詞>，複數<名詞>的前面可用 many，a lot of，a few，some，few，any，no 等修飾。
How many books do you have? I have a lot of books. (I don't have any books.) 你有幾本書？ 我有許多書。（我沒有書。） How many sweaters do you have? I have three sweaters. (I don't have any sweaters.)
你有幾件毛衣？ 我有三件毛衣。（我沒有毛衣。）
How many friends does she have? She has a lot of friends. (She doesn't have many friends.)
她有幾個朋友？ 她有許多朋友。（她沒有許多朋友。）
How much ... do you have? 結構︰問句：How much＋單數不可數名詞＋do／does＋主詞＋have？ 答句：主詞＋have／has…＋單數不可數名詞。
答句：主詞＋don't／doesn't have…＋單數不可數名詞。
說明︰\後面接單數<不可數名詞>，單數<不可數名詞>前面可用 much， a
little，some，little，any，no 等修飾。 How much tea does he have? He has a lot of tea. (He doesn't have any tea.) 他有多少茶？ 他有很多茶。（他沒有茶。） How much homework do they have? They have a lot of homework. (They don't have much homework.) 他們有多少家庭作業？ 他們有許多家庭作業。（他們沒有許多家庭作業。） How much fruit do they have? They have a lot of fruit. (They don't have a lot of fruit.)
他們有多少水果？ 他們有許多水果。（他們沒有許多水果。）
How much do(es) ... cost?
結構︰How much do（es）＋某物＋cost…？ 說明︰此句型意為\某物值多少錢？\。how much 用來詢問商品的價格。還可以寫作：\much＋ be <動詞>＋某物？\。
How much does this computer cost? (=How much is this computer?)這部電腦值多少錢？
How much do the vegetables cost? 這些蔬菜值多少錢？
How much do the movie tickets cost? 這些電影票值多少錢？ Did ... V ...
結構︰Did＋主詞＋原形動詞＋…過去時間？ 說明︰將肯定句中的過去式改為\＋原形<動詞>\，並將 Did 放在句首，句尾用問號，即構成過去式的<疑問句>。
Did he clean the room yesterday? 他昨天打掃房間嗎？
Did she wash the skirt yesterday? 她昨天洗這裙子嗎？ Did your brother play in the park this morning? 你弟弟今天上午在公園玩耍嗎？ Did he eat lunch yesterday? 他昨天吃午飯嗎？
Did you see any elephants in the zoo last week? 上星期你在動物園裡看到大象了嗎？
Did Sue have her breakfast at eight? 蘇在八點鐘吃過早餐了嗎？ Do you ever + V ...? 結構︰問句：Do／Does＋主詞＋ever＋原形動詞…？
答句：No，主詞＋never＋一般動詞（加s或es）…。
說明︰ever 通常用於<疑問句>，never 通常用於否定回答；never 也可放在句首，後接原形 <動詞>，形成否定<祈使句>，如例句4。 Do you ever use a computer? No, I never use a computer.
你曾經使用電腦嗎？不，我未曾使用過電腦。
Does Tom ever get up late? No, Tom never gets up late.
湯姆曾經晚起床嗎？不，湯姆未曾晚起床過。
Does Sally ever play the piano? No, Sally never plays the piano. 薩莉曾經彈鋼琴嗎？不，薩莉未曾彈過鋼琴。
Never be late for school, Bill. 比爾，上學絕不可遲到。
What year was he born in?
結構︰What date／year＋was／were＋主詞＋born＋on／in？ 說明︰此句型意為\你出生於幾月幾日（那一年）？\。born 是<原形動詞> bear 的過去<分詞>，在文法上當 <形容詞>，前面常有 was 或 were；中文說\某人出生\，英語應說：\某人＋was／were born…\。
What year were you born in? 你出生於那一年？ What date was your mother born on? 你母親出生於幾月幾日？
What month was your sister born in? 你妹妹出生於幾月？
What will you do on ...?
結構︰What will／did＋主詞＋do＋on＋時間？
說明︰此句型意為\某人在某時間將做什麼？（未來式）某人在某時做了什麼事？（過去式）\。指特定的日期（如幾月幾日）、星期幾或星期幾的早上（下午，晚上），要用介系詞on。 What will you do on Teacher's Day? 你在教師節將做什麼事？
What will they do on Christmas Eve? 他們在聖誕夜將做什麼事？
What will Helen do on her birthday? 海倫在她生日那天將做什麼事？
What did John do on New Year's Day? 約翰在元旦做了什麼事？
What did Mary do on Youth Day? 瑪麗在青年節做了什麼事？ What did the suspect do on July ninth? 嫌疑犯在七月九日做了什麼事情？ How do you + V ...?
結構︰問句：How＋do＋主詞＋一般動詞…？ 答句：主詞＋一般動詞…＋情狀副詞。
說明︰How 是問情況的<疑問副詞>，表示\怎樣…？\。用於說明\狀態或性質\的副詞，稱為 <情狀副詞>。當用來修飾<不及物動詞>時，<情狀副詞>位於其後；當用來修飾<及物動詞>時，<情狀動詞>位於<及物動詞>的前面或後面。
How did you do your work? I did my work happily.
你怎樣做你的工作？ 我很快樂地做了我的工作。
How did Mrs. Lin look at Mr. Lin? She looked at Mr. Lin coldly.
林太太怎樣注視林先生？ 她冷漠地注
視林先生。
How does Mr. Wang drive his taxi? He drives his taxi carefully.
王先生怎樣駕駛他的計程車？ 他小心地駕駛他的計程車。
You are ..., aren't you?
結構︰肯定句，＋否定式助動詞＋主詞？ 說明︰這是一種反意<疑問句>，其結構特點是：第一部分是肯定式，第二部分就用否定式。直述句的<主詞>是<名詞>時，附加問句的<主詞>要用<代名詞>代替：it 代替 this， that，<不定詞>(當<主詞>)或<動名詞>(當<主詞>)等；they 代替 these，those， people 等。下列<助動詞>的否定縮寫式較易弄錯：will not－>won't；would not－> wouldn't；should not－>shouldn't；can not－>can't；could not－>couldn't； might not－>mightn't；ought not－>oughtn't。直述句有一般<動詞>現在式，則附加問句用 do 或 does 代替；有一般<動詞>過去式，則附加問句用 did 代替。 They're ready, aren't they?（讀降調）他們準備好了吧？（讀升調）他們準備好了，不是嗎？
Mike has a car, doesn't he?（讀降調）麥克有輛車，是吧？（讀升調）麥克有輛車，不是嗎？
The secretary typed the letter, didn't she? 是祕書打了這封信，不是嗎？ They will go to Europe, won't they? 他們將去歐洲，不是嗎？
You are the teacher, aren't you? 你就是老師，不是嗎？
I suppose you have been in our woods, haven't you?我推想你在我們的森林裡呆過，不是嗎？
I know he had a good time last night, didn't he? 我知道他昨天晚上玩得很愉快，不是嗎？
The wall plug is broken, isn't it? 牆上的插座壞了，不是嗎？
Clean parks are beautiful, aren't they? 乾淨的公園是美麗的，不是嗎？ You can do it, can't you? 你會做它，不是嗎？
We should rise early, shouldn't we? 我們應該早起，不是嗎？ He isn't ..., is he? 結構︰否定句，＋肯定式助動詞＋主詞？ 說明︰這是另一種反意<疑問句>。否定結構在第一部分，第二部分就要用肯定結構。對反意<疑問句>的回答和對否定式一般<疑問句>一樣，要看答句。 He isn't a manager, is he? －- Yes, he is. (No, he isn't.)
他不是經理，是吧？－－不，他是經理。（是的，他不是經理。）
Mike doesn't have a car, does he? 麥克沒有車，是嗎？
The secretary didn't type the letter, did she? 祕書沒有打過這封信，是嗎？ They won't go to Europe, will they? 他們不會去歐洲，是嗎？
You aren't the teacher, are you? 你不是老師，是嗎？
I don't think he can answer the question, can he? 我想他無法回答這個問題，是嗎？
What in the world ...?
結構︰疑問詞＋in the world／on earth／ever＋其他
說明︰此句型意為\究竟…？到底…？\。這是特殊<疑問句>的強調說法。in the world，on earth 和 ever是強調疑問詞的<片語>。 How in the world will he do it? 他到底將如何做這件事？
What in the world do you mean? 你的意思究竟是什麼？
How on earth did you know it? 你到底是怎麼知道的？
Who on earth told you that? 那件事究竟是誰告訴你的？
Where ever did you lose it? 你到底在哪兒丟的呀？ What in the world are they hoping for? 他們到底想要什麼？ Are you ... or ...? 結構︰一般疑問句（讀升調）＋or＋一般疑問句（讀降調）
說明︰此句型意為\是…還是…？\。這是選擇<疑問句>，前面都是一般<疑問句>，後面的問句如與前面有相同的部分，都可以省略。 Shall we come to see you or will you come to see us?
是我們來找你們，還是你們來找我們？
Are you from the America or from the England? 您是美國人還是英國人？
Will he go on Monday or on Tuesday? to know. 他們談論什麼是我們所想要知道的
事。
She washed her hair every night and 他是星期一走還是星期二走？
Would you like coffee or tea? 你是要咖啡還是茶？
What ..., + A or B?
結構︰特殊疑問句(讀降調)，＋A（讀升調）or B（讀降調）
說明︰這種選擇<疑問句>使用得相當廣泛，其特點是：前面的特殊<疑問句>已經明確地指出了要問的內容，再補充幾項具體事物讓對方做出肯定的答覆。其語調是\降-升-降\調。
What would you like － coffee or tea? 你要什麼？咖啡還是茶？
Which would you rather to buy － silk or cotton? 您想買什麼？絲還是棉？ Where did you go: to Tianjin or to Beijing? 您去了哪裡？天津還是北京？ When will you go to the Fair, tomorrow or some other day?
你何時去交易會？明天還是另找哪一天？ ... what/which ... 結構︰主要子句＋疑問詞（what／how／which／why 等）＋子句
說明︰這是間接<疑問句>。疑問詞後面的語句採用正常詞序，不採用特殊<疑問句>所用的倒裝詞序。全句末尾大多用句點，但也有用問號的。直接問句改為間接問句或間接句時，原先的<疑問句>要改為肯定句或<否定句>的順序；<助動詞>如 will，should，would， must，may，can 等，須照抄，不可去掉；<助動詞>如 do，does，did，必須去掉，再將它後面的原形<動詞>改為適當的形式。
I'd like to know how old the manager is. 我想知道經理有多大年紀。
He inquired how it was done. 他問這事做得怎麼樣了。
Please advise me which item I should buy. 請問我該先買哪個品種。
Tell me why it is so important? 告訴我為什麼此事這麼重要？
They do not know what the words mean. 他們不知道這些字的意思是什麼。
Tell me what happened yesterday. 告訴我昨天所發生的事。 What they talked about is what we want measured how much it grew in a week. 她每晚洗頭髮，而且量量看一星期長多少。
You will never know how much your encouragement meant to me.
你決不會知道你的鼓勵對我多麼有意義。
... whether/if ...
結構︰主要子句＋whether／if＋子句
說明︰此句型意為\…是否…\。口語中使用 if 較為普遍。如果子句中帶有 or not 等詞，則只能用 whether；另外，whether 不能引導否定的間接<疑問句>，而 if 則可以。
He asked me the question whether the price was too high. 他問我價格是否太高。 They asked him whether the quality is fine or not. 他們問他質量是否好。
Tell me whether you like this color. 告訴我你喜不喜歡這種顏色。
Tell me if it doesn't rain. 告訴我是否下不了雨。
Ask him if it is true. 問他那是不是真的。
I wonder if he is in the school. 我想知道他是否在學校。 Do you know if/where ...
結構︰一般疑問句＋疑問詞（what／where／when 等）＋子句
說明︰此句為雙重<疑問句>。疑問詞後面採用正常詞序，不用倒裝詞序。
Can you tell me where the teacher has gone? 你能告訴我老師到哪裡去了嗎？ Have you any idea where he comes from? 他是哪裡人，您知道不知道？ Do you know if they like this new item? 你知道他們是否喜歡這個新品種？
Do you know who wants to go with me? 你知道誰想跟我一起去嗎？ Do you know when the train will leave? 你知道火車何時開嗎？
Can you tell me how much you earn a month? 你能告訴我你一個月賺多少嗎？ He is ..., is he?
結構︰肯定式陳述句＋肯定式反問句
說明︰這種疑問<句型>的前後一致，都是肯定式結構。後一部分進一步強調前一部分的內容，是不需要回答的一種修辭方式。
We are old friends, not strangers, right? 我們是老朋友了，不是陌生人，是嗎？
He's a capable businessman, is he? 他是一位很有能力的業務員，可不是嗎？ So you come importing Chinese
textiles, do you? 原來你是來進口中國紡織品的，是麼？
So you've been to Shanghai, have you? 原來你去過上海，是吧？ ... what ...?
結構︰…疑問詞（在句中任何位置上）… 說明︰疑問詞不是位於句子開頭，而是在句子中任何位置上，這種方法十分簡單，因此在口語中經常出現。
Two times what number makes ten? 什麼數的兩倍是十？
You will go where? 你要到哪裡去？ You are twenty-what this year? 你今年二十幾歲？
He's your who? 他是你什麼人？ What/How about + N/V-ing?
結構︰What／How about＋名詞／動名詞？ 說明︰此句型意為\…如何？\。這是徵求對方意見或提議的委婉說法。
What about the name Smith? 史密斯這個名字怎麼樣？
What about going to a movie? 去看場電影如何？
What about lending me some money? 借點錢給我如何？
What about washing the car on Sunday? 禮拜天洗車怎麼樣？
How about the others? 剩餘的怎麼樣？
How about a drink? 來一杯吧？
How about a cup of coffee at a nearby coffee shop? 去附近的咖啡屋喝杯咖啡吧？
What if ...?
結構︰What if＋主詞＋動詞
說明︰此句型意為\如果…的話怎麼辦呢？\。但經常用於反語，有時也變成\即使…也沒關係\之意。 What if it is true? 如果這是真的又該如何呢？
What if he doesn't agree? 如果他不同意該怎麼辦呢？
What if he comes back now? 如果他現在回來怎麼辦？
What if the boy's parents should die? 如果那男孩的父母死了該怎麼辦呢？
What if I fail! 即使我失敗了又怎樣！ What ... for?
結構︰What＋助動詞＋主詞＋動詞…＋for？ 說明︰此句型意為\為什麼…？\。相當於\what…？\
What are you running for? 你為什麼在跑步？
What do you want it for? 你為什麼要那個？
What did they go there for? 他們為什麼去那裡？ How else ...?
結構︰How else＋助動詞＋主詞＋助動詞？ 說明︰此句型意為\…還有別的方法嗎？\。 How else should a father in this modern world express his affection and concern for his own son? 現代這個世界上，父親還應該有別的方法來對自己的兒子表示愛護和關心嗎？ How else can the doctor save him? 醫院還有別的方法可以救他嗎？ How else can I apologize for her? 我還能有別的方法可以向她道歉嗎？ 假設法句型
If + Present Tense ..., S + will/shall + V ...
結構︰If＋現在式…，S＋未來式… 說明︰if 子句用現在式，表示須具備的條件，主句用未來式表示可能的結果，整句含意為\如果…，那麼…\。will 用於所有的人稱，在 I 和 we 之後可用 shall 代替 will。若主句的主詞為 I 或 we 時，可以用 shall 代替 will。像 if necessary（如果需要），if possible（如果可能），if so（如果這樣）等固定片語實際上是省略了的 if 子句。 If I lose my job, I will/shall go abroad. 如果我失業了，我就出國。
If I have a headache, I will take an aspirin. 如果我頭痛，我就服一片阿斯匹
林。 If it rains, we will stay at home. 如果下雨，我們將待在家裡。 If the weather clears, we'll go for a walk. 如果天晴，我們就去散步。 If the weather doesn't clear, we won't go for a walk. 如果天不晴，我們就不去散步。 Inflation may be rising, if (it is) so, prices will go up. 通貨膨脹率可能上升。如果是這樣，物價就會上漲。 If possible, She wants to go with us. 可能的話，她想跟我們一起去。 Sterling may fall, if (this should be) so, interest rates will rise. 英國貨幣可能貶值，如果果真如此，利率就會上升。 If + Present Tense ..., S + Modal Verb ... 結構︰If + 現在式，主詞＋情態助動詞 說明︰本句型實為
結構︰If…were to…，…would／should 等＋原形動詞
說明︰這也是表示與未來狀況相反的假設<句型>，與\大致相同，但\... were to\所表示的可能性更低，通常用以表示\與真理相反\的<假設語氣>。
If the sun were to rise in the west, he would pass the exam. 要是太陽從西邊出來，他就會通過考試－－他不可能通過考試。
If I were to be born again, I would like to be a bird. 我要是再活一次，我想當一隻鳥。
If the sun were to disappear, what would the earth be like?
萬一太陽消失了，地球會變成什麼樣子？
Were I to die tomorrow, what would my children do?
萬一明天我死了，我的孩子們將怎麼辦呢？
If I + V-ed, I would ... 結構︰If…＋過去式動詞…，主詞＋過去式助動詞（would／should 等）＋原形動詞 說明︰這是與現在事實相反的假設句型。if <子句>中的
If I knew his address, I could write to him. 如果我知道他的住址，我會寫信給他。 If I were free now, I might call on him. 如果我有時間，我可能會去看他。
If you were in my shoes (=Were you in my shoes), what would you do?
如果你站在我的立場，你會怎麼做？ Were I rich enough, I would buy a sports car. 如果我有足夠的錢，我就買一輛賽車了。
How happy I would be if I were a few inches taller! 要是我再高幾寸，我會好高興。
If I had a car, I could take her for a drive. 如果我有車， 我就帶她去兜風了。 If I had binoculars, I could see that comet clearly. 如果我有望遠鏡，我就可以清楚地看見那顆彗星。
It is time that ...
結構︰It is（high）time＋（that）＋主詞＋過去式動詞
說明︰此句型意為\已經到了…的時間了\。過去式<動詞>處有時亦使用\＋<動詞>原形\。that <子句>也能用 to <不定詞>來表示。 It is time he went to bed. 該是他睡覺的時間了。
It is time that you left for the duty. 該你當班了。
It is time that you reflected upon your mistakes. 該是你反省思過的時候了。
It is high time he should come to our house for dinner.已經到了他該上咱家吃晚飯的時候了。
It is time for somebody to teach you to behave yourself.
該是有人教你應對進退之禮儀的時候了。 If I had V-ed, I would have ...
結構︰If…had＋過去分詞…，主詞＋would／should 等＋have＋過去分詞
說明︰這是與過去事實相反的假設<句型>。if <子句>要用<過去完成式>，<主要子句>則要用過去式<助動詞>（would，should，ought to，might，could）＋have＋過去<分詞>。if <子句>中的 had可置於<主詞>前面，而省略 If。
If I had seen him, I would have told him the truth. 如果我當時看見他，我會告訴他實情。 I could have finished the task if I had had more time.
如果當時我能有多一點時間，我就能完成這項任務。
If we had known of your departure, we would have seen you off at the airport. 如果我們事先知道你要離開，我們會到機場送行。
I someone had been with him, he might not have been drowned.
如果有人在他旁邊，或許他就不會溺
死。
I might have been incredulous had I not been accustomed to such responses. 若非我已經習慣了這樣的回答，我可能不敢輕易相信。 Had he not apologize to her, she would not have forgiven him. 她（那時）不會原諒他，若非他道了歉。 Had he not saved me, I might have been drowned. 我可能溺死了，若非他救了我。 Had I proposed to you, would you have married me?
我要是當年向你求婚，你會答應嫁給我嗎? Had you not helped us, we should have canceled this transaction. 假如沒有你的幫助，這筆生意早就告吹了。
If I had V-ed, I would ...
結構︰If…had＋過去分詞…，主詞＋would／should 等＋原形動詞＋now／today 說明︰這是<時態>不一致時的假設<句型>，亦稱混合假設條件句。即：if <子句>若與過去事實相反，用<過去完成式>表示；而<主要子句>若與現在事實相反，則用過去式<助動詞>表示。此類<主要子句>句尾通常有表現在的<時間副詞>，如 now，today 等。 If he had worked harder when young, he would be well off now.
如果他年輕時多努力一點，現在就能過得舒服些。
If I had been rich ten years ago, I could buy that house today. 如果十年前我有錢，今天我就能買下那棟房子了。
Had he told the truth, he wouldn't be punished now.如果他當時肯說實話，現在就不會受罪了。
Had he followed the doctor's advice, he might be alive now.
當時他要是聽了醫生的建議，現在可能還活著。
I wish ... + V-ed ... 結構︰I wish＋（that）＋主詞＋動詞過去式／過去完成式（had＋過去分詞）…
說明︰I wish 之後以 that <子句>為<受詞>時，該<子句>的<動詞>一定要用<假設語氣>：若<動詞>用過去式，表示與現在事實相反的願望；若用<過去完成式>，則表示與過去事實相
反的願望。\＋that-<子句>\的<句型>也可用\would rather＋that-<子句>\取代。而 I hope 之後以 that <子句>做<受詞>時，該<子句>用一般<時態>。
I wish there were meadows and lambs. 但願有草地與小羊。
I wish I were as tall as you. 但願我像你一樣高。
I wish he could tell us. 但願他能告訴我們。 I wish (=I would rather) he could come tomorrow. 但願他明天能來。
I wish you had not been caught in the rain yesterday. 但願昨天你們沒有淋到雨。 I wish you had not told the truth. 但願你沒有說實話。
I wish I had known you ten years ago. 真希望十年前就已經認識你。 If only + V-ed
結構︰If only＋過去式／過去完成式 說明︰此句型意為\要是…就好了。\用過去式，表示與現在事實相反；若用<過去完成式>，則表示與過去事實相反。
If only I had a rich father. 要是我有個有錢的爸爸就好了。
If only he had been here. 要是他當時在這兒就好了。
If only I had another chance. 要是我再有一次機會就好了。 ... as if/as though ... 結構︰…as if／as though…現在式／過去式／過去完成式
說明︰此句型意為\彷彿…；好像…一樣\。as if，as though 是<副詞><連接詞>，引導<副詞子句>。<子句>中，可用現在式，以表示事實；也可用過去式或<過去完成式>，分別表示與現在或過去事實相反的<假設語氣>。
He speaks like that as if he doesn't want to attend the meeting.他那樣說話，似乎不想參加會議。
He walks as if he is drunk. 他走起路來好像他真的醉了。
He felt as if he almost wished to kill them. 他感覺彷彿幾乎要殺掉他們。
The baby opened the book as if he were
able to read. 這個嬰兒打開書本彷彿他會念書。 The nurse attends on the patient as if he were her father.
這護士照顧這位病人彷彿在照顧她爸爸似的。 He ran into the room as if he had seen something terrible. 他跑進屋子，彷彿他看到什麼可怕的東西。
She looks as if nothing had happened to her. 她當時看起來好像什麼事都沒發生似的。
It seems/looks as if ...
結構︰It seems／looks as if…
說明︰此句型意為\似乎…\。本句型中的 as if <子句>可用以表示事實，或<假設語氣>。 It looks as if it is going to rain. 好像要下雨了。
It seems as if he knows everything. 他似乎是個萬事通。 It seems as if he knew everything, but in reality, he is as stupid as can be. 他似乎是個萬事通。其實他是再愚蠢不過了。
It looks as if she had just come back from outer space.
她看起來彷彿剛從外太空回來似的。 It seemed as if he had finished the work. 他似乎已經完成了這個工作。
It seemed as if he would never finish the work. 他似乎永遠完成不了這個工作。 If it were not for ...
結構︰if it were not for＋名詞／子句，主詞＋would／should 等＋原形動詞…
說明︰此句型意為\若非（有）…\。此類句構專門用於表示與現在事實相反的<假設語氣>。亦可用\＋<名詞>\或\＋<名詞>\代替。were 可以提前，省略 if，如例句3。
If it were not for his presence, I would punish you. 要不是他在場，我會處罰你的。
But for your advice, I should have failed. 要不是你的忠告，我會失敗的。 But for music (=Were it not for music), life would be dull. 要不是音樂，人生會很無聊。 If it were not for oxygen and nitrogen in the air, no man could live on the earth. 大氣中如果沒有氧和氮，人就無法生存於地球了。
Without air, all living things would die. 若非空氣，所有的生物都會死亡。 Without newspaper, we would get behind the times. 要不是報紙，我們都趕不上時代了。 I should be lonely, were it not for the birds and the flowers. 我會寂寞，若非有鳥也有花。
Were it not for his help, I could not finish the work.若非有他的幫助，我就不能完成這件工作。
Were it not for science, we could not live a comfortable live.
若非科學，我們無法過著舒適的生活。 If it had not been for ... 結構︰if it had not been for＋名詞／子句，主詞＋would／should 等＋原形動詞…
說明︰此句型意為\若非（有）…\。此類句構專門用於表示與過去事實相反的<假設語氣>。 If it had not been for his help, I should have failed. 如果沒有他的幫忙，我應該已經失敗。
Had it not been for your timely help, our company would have been on the verge of bankruptcy. 若非你及時伸出援助之手，本公司將會瀕臨破產的邊緣。
If it had not been for these experiments, the improvement of the machine would have been impossible. 要不是這些實驗，這部機器也許就不可能改良了。
Had it not been for the kind guide, I might have got lost in the mountains. 要不是這位好心的嚮導，我可能就在山中迷路了。
If it had not been that he was here, I would have punished you.
要不是他在場，我當時就會處罰你。 I demand/insist that ...
結構︰主詞1＋意志動詞（demand／insist 等）＋（that）＋主詞2＋（should）＋原形動詞
說明︰意志<動詞>有四類：建議（suggest，
recommend，propose，advise，urge 等），要求（desire， ask，demand，require，request，maintain，insist 等），命令（order，command 等），規定（ rule，regulate，stipulate 等）。其後接 that-<子句>時，該<子句>裡的<動詞>要用原形或\＋<動詞>\。美式英語通常省略 should。
The committee moved that the meeting (should) be adjourned. 委員提議休會。 His parents demanded that he (should) be back by ten. 他的父母要求他十點以前回家。
The employees demand that their salaries be raised. 員工們要求加薪。 They ruled that the law (should) not be imposed. 他們規定不應加重法律。
His father ordered that he (should) keep a diary in English.
他的父親規定他要用英文寫日記。 My mother encouraged me and insisted that I continue my education. 我媽媽鼓勵我，而且堅持我應該繼續我的教育。
He insisted that I (should) apologize to her. 他堅持我應該向她道歉。
Recently, many states have insisted that high schools teach students how to drive.
最近，許多州堅持中學應該教學生如何開車。
His father insisted that they (should) move to the country. 他爸爸堅持他們應該搬到鄉下。
It is proper ... that ...
結構︰It is＋意志形容詞（important 等）＋（that）＋主詞＋（should）＋原形動詞 說明︰意志<形容詞>包括 important，necessary，imperative，essential，urgent，desirable， advisable，recommendable，proper 等。that-<子句>中只能用<助動詞> should，不可用 must，而 should 往往予以省略。
It is necessary that he (should) sort out the information for my reference. 他有必要整理些資料供我參考。
It is essential that he get up early. 他有必要早起。 It is urgent that food and clothing (should) be sent to the sufferers. 急需將食物和衣服送給災民。 It is desirable that we (should) provide for the poor at Christmas. 在聖誕節施捨窮人是可喜的事。
It is important that he be quiet. 他該保持安靜是有必要的。 It is important that he not do it. 他不該做那事是有必要的。
It is requested that all members be present at the party. 全體會員都被要求出席這次晚會。
It is proper that such a bad man be punished severely. 這麼壞的人受重罰是應該的。
Imperative Sentence + Conj. + Main Clause 結構︰祈使句＋連接詞＋主句
說明︰<祈使句>表示須具備的條件，主句表示可能的結果。<祈使句>代替 if 子句進行評說，提出要求，訂立協議，提供建議或威脅等。<祈使句>的用法比 if 子句表示的更為緊迫。 Provide the materials and we'll do the job. 提供材料，我們就做這活。
Stop shouting or you'll wake up the neighbors. 不要喊了，否則你會把鄰居吵醒的。
Put that down or else I'll smack you. 把它放下，不然我就揍你。
Be there on time, otherwise you'll create a bad impression.
要準時來，否則你會給人一個壞的印象。 Fail to pay and they'll cut off the electricity. 你（如果）不付款，他們就要斷電。
Stop eating sweets, or you won't get any dinner. 你如果不停止吃糖，你就不要吃飯。 Unless ...
結構︰Unless＋子句，主要子句
說明︰此句型意為\除非…\。unless 引導一個否定假設句，相當於 if ... not ...，有時可以互換使用。總體上看，unless 的語氣強於 if ... not ...，而且有時較為常用，例如在最後通牒中。
Unless you change your mind (=If you don't change you mind), I won't be able to
help you.
除非你改變你的想法，否則我不能幫助你。
Unless the management improves their offer, there'll be a strike. 除非資方做出進一步的建議，否則將舉行罷工。
I couldn't have got to the meeting on time － unless I had caught an earlier train.
我不可能及時趕到會場，除非我趕上了較找的一班火車。
Provided/Providing (that) ....
結構︰Provided／provided（that）＋子句，S＋V ...
說明︰此句型意為\如果…\。
Provided/Providing (that) 引導假設條件句，其功能相當於 if。
Provided/Providing (that) you clear your desk by this evening, you can have tomorrow off.
如果你到今晚把手頭上的工作做完，你明天就可以休息。 As/So long as ...
結構︰As/So long as ＋子句，S＋V ... 說明︰此句型意為\如果…，只要…\。As/So long as引導一個條件假設句，其功能相當於 if。
So (As) long as you clear your desk by this evening, you can have tomorrow leave. 如果你到今晚把手頭上的工作做完，你明天就可以休息。
As long as you drive carefully, you will be very safe. 如果你開車小心，你就會很安全。
You may eat anything, so long as you don't eat too much.
只要不吃得太多，你可以吃任何東西。 As long as live, I will help you. 只要我活著，我都會幫助你。
As long as you don't betray me, I'll do whatever you ask me to (do).
只要你不出賣我，要我做什麼我都願意。
We'll ship the goods at an early time as long as there is a steamer.只要有船，我們就盡早裝貨。 You will never be good students so long as you goof around. 如果你們成天游手好閒，就永遠也成不了好學生。
Suppose/Supposing (that) ...
結構︰Suppose/Supposing （that）＋子句，S＋V ...
說明︰此句型意為\如果…，假使…\。Suppose/Supposing (that) 引導假設條件句，其功能相當於 if。
Suppose/Supposing (that) we miss the train, what shall we do?
如果我們誤了火車，我們將怎麼辦？ What if/Say ...
結構︰What if/Say＋子句，S＋V ... 說明︰此句型意為\假設…\。What if 和 Say 用來引導一個假設條件句，其義相當於 Let us suppose（讓我們假設）。 What if/Say he goes home before us and can't get in? What will he do then? 假設他在我們之前趕到家而又進不去呢？那他怎麼辦呢？
What if/Say you were to run out of money? What would you do?
假設你的錢用完了呢？你將怎麼辦呢？
With luck ...
結構︰With luck，＋主要子句 說明︰With luck 為含蓄假設條件句（即不用 if 直接引導）。with luck 意為\如果幸運的話，如果運氣好的話\。 With luck, we'll be there by tomorrow.幸運的話，我們明天將到達那兒。（=If we are lucky）
With luck, she will get the job. 如果幸運的話，她將得到那份工作。（=If she is lucky）
Given time ...
結構︰Given time，＋主要子句 說明︰此為含蓄假設條件句（即不用 if 直接引導）。Given time 意為\（如果）給以時間的話\。
Given time, they will probably agree.給以時間的話，他們可能會同意。（=If they are given time/If we give them time） To hear him talk, ...
結構︰To hear him talk，＋主要子句
說明︰此句型意為\聽某人談話（的口氣）…\。從形式上看，To hear him talk 似為不定式片語，但實則為含蓄條件句（即不用 if 直接引導）。To hear him talk 相當於 If you could hear him talk。
To hear him talk, you'd think he was Prime Minister.
聽他談話（那口氣），你會以為他是首相呢。 To hear you talk, I'd think you were Prime Minister.
聽你談話（那口氣），我還以為你是首相呢。
Without ..., S + V ...
結構︰Without …，＋主要子句 說明︰此句型意為\如果沒有…\，是導致主要子句結果發生的必要條件。Without ... 為含蓄假設條件句，此用法在口語表達中最為常見。without 意為\（如果）沒有…的話\。Without 既可以放在句首，也可以放在句尾，放在句首有強調作用。此外，如果主要子句用否定式，則和 without 構成雙重否定，表示特別強調 without 之後項為主要子句動作發生之必備條件。
Without your help, I couldn't have done it. （如果）沒有你的幫助，我是不會做成的。（=If you hadn't helped me）
She can't solve the problem without his help.如果）沒有他的幫助，她不可能解決這道題。
We can't live without air or water.（如果）沒有空氣或水，我們就無法生存。 Fish cannot live without water.（如果）沒有水，魚兒就無法生存。 比較句型
as/so ... as ...
結構︰as／so＋形容詞或副詞原級＋as… 說明︰此句型意為\…和…一樣…\。比較兩件東西，並表示它們的程度一樣。第一個 as 為<副詞>，第二個 as 則為<副詞><連接詞>，引導<副詞子句>，修飾第一個 as。在 as…as 中可插入單數<可數名詞>，即：\＋<形容詞>＋a／an＋<名詞>＋as\。若是複數<名詞>，可用\many／few＋複數 <名詞>＋as\；若是<不可數名詞>，則用\much／little＋<不可數名詞>＋as\。\＋原級（形、副）＋as＋原級（形、副）\這形式表示有關同一人（物）的兩種不同的性質、狀態是一樣程度的，譯作\既有…且還有…\。 He is as handsome as his brother (is). 他和他哥哥一樣英俊。
Judy goes to the movies as often as Sara does. 朱迪像莎拉一樣時常去看電影。 Old John goes to sleep as easily as a baby does. 老約翰像嬰兒一樣容易入睡。 The girls are as busy with their work as bees. 這些女孩子就跟蜜蜂一樣忙著工作。
He is as nice a boy as Peter (is). 他和彼得一樣都是好男孩。 She has as many friends as Mary (does). 她和瑪麗一樣有許多朋友。
He has as much money as John (does). 他和約翰一樣有很多錢。
He is as clever as (he is) handsome. 他不但英俊而且聰明。
My teacher is as kind as (she is) intelligent. 我的老師不但善良而且聰慧。 as many/much ...
結構︰as many／much＋名詞… 說明︰此句型意為\同數（量）的…；一樣多\。本<片語>旨在用以代替句中前面已提到的相同數字，以避免該數字的重複。 He was tired enough to make ten errors in as many (=in ten) pages.
他疲倦得十頁中犯了十個錯誤。
Mike read five books in as many (=in five) months. 麥克在五個月內看了五本書。
I didn't expect that he should have committed three robberies in as many days. 沒想到（老實的）他居然在三天內犯了三次搶劫罪。
as many/much as ... 結構︰as many／much as＋數字＋複數名詞／不可數名詞
說明︰此句型意為\多達…\。不要與\many／much＋<名詞>\（同數量的…）混淆。同理，此類<片語>還有：as long as＋數字＋<名詞>（長達…），as wide as＋數字＋<名詞>（寬達…）， as high as＋數字＋<名詞>（高達…），as early as＋數字＋<名詞>（早在…），as late as＋數字＋<名詞>（遲在…）等。 She has as many as seven sisters. 她
的姊妹有七人之多。
As many as 100 people were killed in the air crash. 這次空難中多達一百人喪生。 I gave the beggar as much as 1,000 yen. 結構︰as far as＋名詞
說明︰此句型意為\到…之遠；到…的程度\。而\＋<主詞>＋<動詞>\則表示\只要…，在…範圍內的話…\。
我給了這乞丐整整一千元。
Building costs ran up to as much as NT$ 20 million. 建築費用漲到高達新台幣兩千萬。
I have been learning English (for) as long as 15 years. 我學英文已有十五年之久。
He came home as late as two in the morning. 他遲至清晨兩點才回家。 I saw your brother as late as last week. 上個禮拜我還看到你哥哥。
The river is as wide as 100 meters. 這條河寬達一百公尺。 I mailed the letter as early as Friday. 我早在星期五就把信寄了。 A is as much + N + as B is
結構︰主詞＋be＋as＋much＋名詞＋as＋（be）＋主詞
說明︰此句型意為\…和…同樣…\。\much＋<名詞>＋as＋（be）＋<主詞>\的 be 通常省略或放句末。 Comets are just as much members of the sun's family as (are) the other planets. 彗星和其他的行星同樣是太陽家族的成員。
To eat too much is as much a bad thing as to eat nothing.吃太多和什麼都不吃同樣是壞事。 He is as much a member of the orchestra as Tom. 他和湯姆同樣是管絃樂隊的成員。 not as/so + ADJ/ADV + as + N
結構︰not as／so＋形容詞／副詞＋as＋名詞
說明︰此句型意為\不像…那樣…\。as…as 可用於肯定句或<否定句>，而 so…as 僅可用於<否定句>構中。
It is not as (so) popular as other foods. 它不像其他食物那樣受歡迎。 He does not study as (so) hard as John. 他不像約翰那樣用功。
I am not as (so) careful as Tom. 我不像湯姆那樣細心。 as far as ... Swallows from England go as far as South Africa. 英國來的燕子飛到南非那樣遠的地方。
We walked as far as the railroad station. 我們走到火車站那樣遠的地方。 We drove as far south as Kaohsiung. 我們往南開車一直到高雄。
He went as far as Yokohama to meet his friend from England.
他遠至橫濱去迎接由英國來的朋友。
I swam as far as I could. 我盡可能地游遠。
... just as ... as ...
結構︰主詞＋動詞＋just as＋形容詞／副詞＋as＋（代）名詞／動名詞
說明︰此句型意為\…就像…一樣…\。第一個 as 是\同樣的；一樣的\，第二個 as 是\像\之意。若<主詞>之後不是 be <動詞>，則 as 之後不用<形容詞>，而要用<副詞>。
Being a good pedestrian is just as important as being a good driver. 做一個好的行人就像做一個好的司機一樣重要。
Writing is just as important as reading. 寫作就像閱讀一樣重要。
He wrote just as carefully as Tom. 他就像湯姆一樣小心地寫。 ... as ... as one can
結構︰…as＋形容詞／副詞／名詞＋as one can
說明︰此句型意為\儘可能…\。\one can\相當於\... as possible\。one 要隨<主詞>的人稱而變化，而 can 要隨<時態>變化。
To speak English fluently, you had better read as many English articles as you can.
要想把英文講得很流利，你最好盡量多看英文文章。
Take as much exercise as you can. 盡可能多做運動。
Be as careful as you can. 盡可能小心。
Our teacher explained the lesson to us as clearly as he could.
我們的老師盡可能清楚地為我們解釋這一課。
She needed to soften her request to make it as polite and courteous as she could.
她需要使請求語氣柔婉，以便盡可能把它變成有禮貌與客氣。
You should be as careful as you can in making friends.
在交朋友方面，你應該盡可能小心。 We had better learn by heart as many sentence patterns as we can. 我們最好盡可能多背句型。
I looked down the road as far as I could. 我盡可能遙望這條路。
I will try to save as much as I can. 我會設法盡可能多儲蓄。 You should remain as quiet as you can. 你應盡可能地保持沈默。 ... as ... as ... can be
結構︰主詞＋be 動詞＋as＋形容詞＋as＋（形容詞）＋can be
說明︰此句型意為\極…，不亞於任何人…\。此<句型>借重複同一個<形容詞>而成為強調此<形容詞>的說法。常用的此類<片語>有：as plain as plain can be（再明白不過了），as wise as wise can be（再聰明不過了），as white as white can be（白得不能再白了），as wrong as wrong can be（錯得太離譜）等。 His failure is as plain as plain can be. 他的失敗是再明白不過了。 He is as handsome as (handsome) can be. 他瀟灑極了。
She is as kind as can be. 她極為和顏悅色。
Mary is as hardworking as can be. 瑪麗在班上之用功不輸任何人。
He may not be so clever as Peter, but he is as industrious as can be.
他也許不如彼得聰明，但卻用功極了。 as ... as ever
結構︰as＋形容詞／副詞＋as ever 說明︰此句型意為\與往常一樣…\。
He seems to be as busy as ever. 他似乎和往常一樣忙碌。 He works as hard as ever. 他和往常一樣努力工作。
She was as beautiful as ever after so many years. 過了那麼多年，她美麗如故。 ... times as ... as ...
結構︰倍數詞＋as＋形容詞／副詞＋as… 說明︰此句型意為\是…的幾倍\。\兩倍\是 twice，而三倍以上的\倍\，通常用 times。 An ordinary subway train, approaching the station, can be twice as loud as the loudest jet.
平常的地下火車接近車站時，發出的聲音可能是最大聲的噴射機的兩倍。 This line is four times as long as that one. 這條線是那條線的四倍長。
I am twice as old as he. 我的年紀是他的兩倍。
She studies three times as hard as I. 她用功的程度是我的三倍。
He earns twice as much as he used to. 他比往常多賺二倍的錢。
She spent half as much money as you. 她花掉的錢只有你花掉的一半。 ... times the/my N ...
結構︰…倍數詞＋the（或所有格）＋名詞 說明︰此句型意為\是…的幾倍\。<倍數詞>與<名詞>之間一定有 the 或<所有格>。有時可改為\倍數詞>＋as＋<形容詞>\。三倍以上的\倍\，通常用\。而\＋<倍數詞>＋the（或<所有格>）＋<名詞>\譯為\是…的幾倍還不止\。
It was over twice the distance of the earth from the sun. 那是地球到太陽的距離的兩倍多。 Line A is four times the length of line B. 線條 A 是線條 B 的四倍長。
I have five times the number of Tom's books. 我有五倍於湯姆的書。
He has three times my money. 他的錢是我的三倍。 He has more than three times my money. 他的錢是我的三倍還不止。
The river is ten times the length of the Tamsui River. 這條河的長度是淡水河的十倍。
Holland has two-thirds the
inhabitants of the state of New York,
which is four times the size of Holland. 荷蘭的居民是紐約州的三分之二，而紐約州卻是荷蘭的四倍大。
more than ... as ... as
結構︰more than＋倍數詞＋as＋形容詞／副詞＋as
說明︰此句型意為\是…的幾倍還不止\。\兩倍\是twice，而三倍以上的\倍\，通常用times。
He is more than three times as rich as I. (=He is three times richer than I.) 他的財富是我的三倍還不止。
He studies more than three times as hard as I. 他用功的程度是我的三倍還不止。 I am more than twice as old as he. 我的年齡是他的兩倍還不止。 He has collected more than three times as many stamps as I (have).
他搜集的郵票是我的三倍還不止。 ... times ...er than ...
結構︰倍數詞＋形容詞或副詞比較級＋than…
說明︰此句型意為\比…大幾倍\。\兩倍\是twice，而三倍以上的\倍\，通常用times。 We now know that X-ray waves are 2,000 to 10,000 times shorter than light waves. 我們現在知道Ｘ光波比光波短二千到一萬倍。 This street is four times shorter than that one. 這條街道比那條短四倍。
The mother elephant is one hundred times heavier than the baby elephant. 這隻母象比小象重一百倍。
It is ten times louder than another. 它比另外一個的聲音大十倍。
This street is three times wider than that one. 這條街比那條街寬三倍。
I am twice older than he. 我的年紀比他大兩倍。
not so adj. as adj.
結構︰not so＋形容詞／副詞＋as＋形容詞／副詞
說明︰此句型意為\與其說是…倒不如說是…\。相當於\形容詞>／<副詞>＋rather than＋<形容詞>／<副詞>\。
She is not so beautiful as charming. (=She is charming rather than beautiful.) 與其說她美倒不如說她迷人。
He is not so clever as diligent. 與其說他聰明倒不如說他勤奮。
She is not so kind as simple. 與其說她善良不如說她單純。 not so much + N as + N
結構︰not so much＋名詞＋as＋名詞
說明︰此句型意為\與其說是…倒不如說是…\。相當於\名詞>＋rather than＋<名詞>\。 He is not so much a writer as a scholar. 與其說他是作家倒不如說他是學者。
He is not so much a genius as a hard worker. 他的努力勝於天份。
The Apollo program was not so much a scientific achievement as a technical accomplishment. 阿波羅計劃與其說是一項科學成果，不如說是一項技術成就。 not so much ... as ...
結構︰not so much＋介系詞片語／不定詞片語＋as＋介系詞片語／不定詞片語
說明︰此句型意為\與其說是…倒不如說是…\。相當於\介系詞片語>／<不定詞片語>＋rather than＋ <介系詞片語>/<不定詞片語>\。
Happiness hinges not so much on wealth as on health.
快樂與其說在於財富倒不如說在於健康。 One's greatness lies not so much in his wealth as in his character.
一個人的偉大與其說是由他的財富來判斷，倒不如說是由他的品德來判斷。
Success lies not so much as in luck as in hard work.
與其說成功在於運氣不如說是辛勤努力。
I lay down not so much to sleep as to think.我躺下來與其說是要睡覺，倒不如說是要思考。
It is not so helpful to give someone some bread as to teach him how to make a living.
與其說給人麵包很有幫助，倒不如說教導他如何謀生才重要。 Our success was attributed not so much to your help as to our cooperation. 我們的成功與其歸功於您的幫忙，不如歸功於我們的合作。
The great use of a school education is not so much to teach you things as to teach you the art of learning. 學校教育的最大用處，與其說是教你事物，不如說是教你學習的方法。
The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it. (=The oceans do not divide the world so much as unite it.) 與其說是海洋分割這個世界，不如說是統一這個世界。
not so much as ...
結構︰not so much as ...
說明︰此句型意為\甚至都不…\。相當於\even ...\。本<片語>使用時，要置於<助動詞>之後，即： cannot so much as＋原形<動詞>（甚至…都不能），do not so much as＋原形<動詞>（甚至…都不），have not so much as＋過去<分詞>（甚至…都沒有）。 He cannot so much as write his own name. (=He cannot even write his own name.) 他甚至連自己的名字都不會寫。 He did not so much as thank me. 他甚至都沒謝我。
He is so stupid that he can't so much as eat. 他蠢得甚至連吃飯都不會。
When Mary walked in, she didn't so much as take a glance at me, which angered me.
瑪麗進門時，連看我一眼都沒有，真令人生氣。
the more ..., the more ...
結構︰the＋比較級…，the＋比較級… 說明︰此句型意為\愈…，就愈…\。若句中的<主詞>為一般<名詞>，而非<代名詞>（he，it，you，they）或<專有名詞>（John，Mary），且後面的<動詞>為 be <動詞>時，該 be <動詞>可省略。
The more you soften a request, the more polite it becomes.
你愈使請求柔婉，請求就愈變為客氣。 The longer you stay here, the more you will like the place. 你在這裡待得愈久，你愈會喜歡這個地方。
The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.
你愈小心，你犯錯就會愈少。 The more I learn, the less I feel I know. 學而後知不足。
The closer you stay to nature, the more you will appreciate her beauty. 你愈接近大自然，就愈能了解它的美。 The more leisure he has, the less he stays at home. 愈是有空，他愈不肯待在家裡。
The better the boy (is), the more I like him. 這男孩愈好我愈喜歡他。
The colder the weather (is), the more comfortable my life (will be). 天氣愈冷，我的生活就愈舒服。
The bigger the house (is), the more money it will cost. 房子愈大愈值錢。 The more haste, the less speed. 欲速則不達。
The more noble the more humble. 結實愈豐者，其穗愈低。
More profit and less honor. 捨名逐利。
The sooner the better. 事不宜遲。 The more you have, the more you want. 擁有愈多，慾望愈高。
The more you beat iron the harder it grows. 鐵不煉不成鋼，玉不琢不成器。 more and more ...
結構︰比較級＋and＋比較級 說明︰此句型意為\愈來愈…\。
The noise of traffic grows louder and louder. 交通的噪音變得愈來愈大。
It is getting hotter and hotter. 天氣愈來愈熱。
You should study harder and harder. 你應該更用功念書。
The girl became more and more beautiful. 這女孩變得愈來愈漂亮了。 With the rapid economical development, China's position on the international stage is getting more and more important.隨著經濟迅速發展，中國在國際舞台上的地位變得愈來愈重要了。 ... more ... than ...
結構︰主詞＋be 動詞＋more…than… 說明︰此句型意為\…是…而不是…\。在\…\的位置，可以用<名詞>，<形容詞>，或帶有形容詞性的<分詞>。
You may also find that reading has become more fun than work!
你或許也會發現閱讀已經變成是有趣的事，而不是工作。
It is more a made-up story than a real occurrence.那是杜撰的故事，而不是真實發生的事情。
I was more disappointed than discouraged. 我是失望，而不是洩氣。
He seems more like a military officer than a business executive. 他似乎比較像一個軍官，而不像一個商業行政主管。
He is more a sprinter than a swimmer. 他是短跑健將，而不是游泳選手。
I am more frightened than hurt. 我嚇壞了而沒有受傷。
Sue is more beautiful than Jane. 蘇比珍較美。
The computer is more expensive than the typewriter. 這部電腦比這部打字機更貴。
People in the country are happier than people in the city.鄉下的人們比城市的人們更快樂。
N1 more ... than N2
結構︰名詞1＋比較級＋than＋名詞2 說明︰此句型意為\比…更為…的…\。 People have to live on something more nourishing than hope.
人們必須依賴比希望更滋養的東西來過活。 I have never seen a girl more beautiful than Mary. 我從未見過比瑪麗更為美麗的女孩子。
I want some persons more experienced than Tom. 我要一些比湯姆更有經驗的人。 more N than + ADJ/V-ed
結構︰比較級＋名詞＋than＋（be 動詞）＋形容詞／過去分詞
說明︰此句型意為\比…來得更多的…\。be <動詞>通常省略。
Some people give higher priced gifts than necessary for the situation.
有些人給了比情況所必要來得更高價的禮物。
I did more work than required. 我做了比所被要求的來得更多的工作。 We were given more money than necessary for the project.
我們被給了比計劃所要求來得更多的錢。
It is better to V1 than V2
結構︰It is＋比較級＋to＋原形動詞1…than＋（to）＋原形動詞2…
說明︰此句型意為\…比…更…\。than 之後的 to 可以省略。
It is better to laugh than (to) weep. 笑比哭好。 It is more comfortable to lie on a lawn than (to) sit in the office.
躺在草坪上比坐在辦公室裡舒服。 It is harder to teach than (to) study. 教書比讀書辛苦。
make ... more ... of ...
結構︰主詞＋make＋受詞＋more＋形容詞＋of…
說明︰此句型意為\…使…更加…\。根據不同的情況，句子可以有不同<時態>。 Darkness would make him more appreciative of sight. 黑暗會使他更加珍惜視力。 Their sudden attack made us more aware of the danger around us.
他們突然的攻擊使我們更加注意我們周圍的危險。
Your encouragement made me more confident of my future.
你的鼓勵使我對我的未來更加有信心。 all the more for ...
結構︰all the＋比較級＋for＋名詞
說明︰此句型意為\即使…卻更加…；因為…反而更加…\。for 為<介系詞>，之後接<名詞>為其<受詞>。也可寫成\＋比較級＋because-子句\。because 為<副詞><連接詞>，之後接<主詞>＋<動詞>，引導<副詞子句>。 You will enjoy stories all the more for having understood the characters in them.
你會因為已經瞭解小說中的角色，而更加喜歡小說。
I love her all the better for her poverty (=because she is poor). 因為她窮，我反而更喜歡她。
I like the book all the more for its
beautiful illustrations. 我因為精美的插圖而更加喜歡這本書。
He studied all the harder because he had failed (=for his failure).
因為他失敗了，他反而更用功念書了。
She is all the more beautiful for her shabby clothing (=because her clothing is shabby).
即使她衣衫襤褸，卻顯得更美麗了。 I respect him all the more because he has faults. 因為他有缺點，我反而更尊敬他。
I like Kyoto all the better for its many narrow streets. 正因為小道多，我反而更喜歡京都。
none the ...er for ...
結構︰none the＋比較級＋for＋名詞 說明︰此句型意為\即使…卻一點也不…\。相當於\＋比較級＋because-子句\。for 為<介系詞>，之後接<名詞>為其<受詞>；because 則為<副詞><連接詞>，之後接<主詞>＋<動詞>，引導<副詞子句>。
His health is none the better for his exercise (=because he takes exercise). 即使他運動，他的健康狀況卻一點也不好。 She is none the more beautiful because she wears a fancy dress.
即使她身穿時髦洋裝，卻一點也不漂亮。
He is none the happier for his great wealth. 即使他有錢，卻一點也不快樂。 He is none the wiser because he has read many books.
他雖然讀了不少書，可是並未因此而聰明些。 none the less ... for ...
結構︰none the less＋形容詞／副詞＋for＋名詞
說明︰此句型意為\即使…卻仍然\。相當於\＋形容詞／副詞＋because-子句\。none the less 為<副詞>，譯成\仍然\，可修飾<動詞>，<形容詞>或<副詞>；修飾<動詞>時，置於該<動詞>之後；修飾<形容詞>時，置於該<形容詞>之前；修飾<副詞>時，置於該<副詞>之前。
I love him none the less because he is poor. 即使他窮，我還是愛他。 She is none the less beautiful for her shabby clothing. 即使她衣衫襤褸，卻仍然美麗。
He studied none the less hard because he had failed. 即使他失敗了，卻仍然用功念書。
... no more ... than ...
結構︰A＋動詞＋no more＋B＋than＋C＋動詞＋D
說明︰此句型意為\不是 B 正如 C 不是 D\。\more ... than\等於\... any more than\。若 than之後的詞類與前面的詞類相同，可以省略；若不同，則不可省略。
A whale is no more a fish than a horse is. 鯨魚不是魚正如馬不是魚一樣。
A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man. 沒有愛的家不是家，就如同沒有靈魂的身體不是人一樣。
He is no more able to speak English than I am (able to speak English). 和我不會說英語一樣，他也不會說英語。
He is no more considerate of others than his brother is. 他不體諒別人，就跟他弟弟一樣。
He can no more sing than I can dance. 他不會唱歌正如我不會跳舞一樣。 We can no more live without sleep than (we can) without water. 我們沒有睡眠不能活，正如我們沒有水就不能活一樣。
I am no more out of my mind than you are (out of your mind). 你我兩人都沒有瘋狂。 Tom was no more surprised than (he was) disappointed at this news.
湯姆聽見那消息既不驚訝也不失望。 He is no better (no more good) at English than I am. 他的英文不好，就像我一樣。
... no less ... than ...
結構︰A＋動詞＋no less＋B＋than＋C＋動詞＋D
說明︰此句型意為\是 B 和 C 是 D 一樣\。\等於\，no less 之後可置<副詞>或 <形容詞>修飾。
A whale is no less a mammal than a horse is. 鯨魚和馬一樣都是哺乳動物。 He is no less clever than his elder brother. 他和他的大哥一樣聰明。
She is no less good at swimming than Mary. 她和瑪麗一樣擅長游泳。 His parents are no less happy over his engagement than he is (happy over his engagement).
他的雙親對他訂婚的高興並不亞於他自己。
He studies no less hard than John. 他和約翰一樣用功。
Associating with good friends is no less important to us than choosing good books.
交益友與選擇好書對我們同樣重要。 A good shirt is no less expensive than a jacket.一件好襯衫的昂貴程度並不比一件夾克衫差。
Sports wears, no less than suits, are very much saleable.運動服和西服套一樣，非常暢銷。
not more ... than ... 結構︰not more…than…
說明︰此句型意為\沒有比…更多；最多只是和…一樣\。等於\。
She is not more beautiful than Mary. 她不比瑪麗美麗－－頂多只是和瑪麗一樣美。 I was not more surprised than he (was). 我不像他那樣驚訝。
He is not more handsome than I. 他不比我瀟灑－－頂多跟我一樣瀟灑。 not less ... than
結構︰not less ... than
說明︰此句型意為\沒有比…更少；至少與…一樣\。等於\。
She is not less beautiful than Mary. 她至少和瑪麗一樣美麗。 He is not less interested in composing music than Jane. 他至少跟珍一樣對譜曲很感興趣。
He is not less handsome than I. 他至少跟我一樣瀟灑。 no more than ...
結構︰no more than＋名詞
說明︰此句型意為\僅僅…\。等於\＋<名詞>\，強調稀少。
It will take no more than five days to read the book. 不到五天，我就會把這本書讀完。
It is no more than ten minutes' walk from the station. 由車站走到這裡只有十分鐘的路程。
I had no more than 2 or 3 mistakes on my English assignment.
我的英文作業中只有兩三處錯誤。 no less than ...
結構︰no less than＋名詞
說明︰此句型意為\多達…；足足有…之多\。等於\／much as ...\，強調多。 I received no less than ten thousand yen for my work. 我的工資多達一萬元。 The audience was no less than five thousand. 聽眾有五千人之多。 That hotel probably costs no less than 20 dollars a night.
那間旅館的住宿費大約要20元一晚呢。
No less than ten students flunked the exam. 整整有十位學生在這次考試中不及格。
not more than ...
結構︰not more than＋名詞
說明︰此句型意為\最多不超過…\。等於\most＋<數詞>＋<名詞>\。
It is not more than ten minutes' walk from the station. 由車站走到這裡最多十分鐘的路程。
I'll stay here not more than three days. 我將待在這裡最多不超過三天。
For safety's sake, don't drive more than 30 kilometers per hour in the city. 為了安全起見，在市內開車時速不要超過三十公里。
not less than ...
結構︰not less than＋名詞
說明︰此句型意為\至少…\。等於\＋<數詞>＋<名詞>\。
The audience was not less than five thousand. 聽眾至少也有五千人。
I'll stay here not less than three days. 我將待在這裡至少三天。
Though they think it takes no more than three days to fulfill the mission, I
believe it takes not less than six days. 是用<比較級>來表示<最高級>的同範圍比較<
雖然他們認為完成這任務只需三天，但我卻認為至少需要六天。 at best + N
結構︰at best＋名詞
說明︰此句型意為\充其量…；只不過是…\。等於\。 Don't expect much of him; he is at best a student. 不要對他期望過高；他只不過是個學生。
She is at best a second-rate singer. 她充其量是個二流歌手。 Don't scold him too much; he is at best a child. 不要太責罵他；他只不過是個孩子。
much more /much less ... 結構︰much more／much less…
說明︰此句型意為\更不用說…\。\more ...\等於\或\more ...\，只用於肯定句；\less ...\等於\，只用於<否定句>。 She can speak English, much more/let alone/still more write it.
她會說英語，更不用說寫英文了。 She cannot speak English, much
less/still less write it. 她不會說英語，更不用說寫英文了。
You have a right to your property, much more to your ideas.
你有處理自己財產的權利，更有支配自己思想的權利。
I enjoy singing, much more listening to music. 我喜歡唱歌，更不用說聽音樂了。 She cannot buy daily necessities, much less luxuries.
她連生活必需品都不能買，更不用說奢侈品。 He can hardly run a mile, much less the marathon. 他連一哩都跑不了，更不用說馬拉松了。 That father can't discipline himself, much less set a good example for his children to follow.
那位父親不能以身作則，更不用說做孩子的榜樣了。
... more than any other N
結構︰比較級＋than＋any other＋單數名詞 說明︰此句型意為\比其他任何…都還…\。這句型>。也可用\比較級>＋than＋all the other＋複數<名詞>\來表示。
John is more diligent than any other student in his class. 約翰比班上其他的同學用功。
John is more diligent than all the other students in his class. 約翰比班上其他的同學用功。
Baseball is more popular than any other sport in Japan.
在日本，棒球比其他任何運動都受人歡迎。 Autumn is better for reading than any other season. 秋天比任何季節都適合讀書。
Mt. Jade is higher than any other mountain in Taiwan. 玉山要比台灣的任何山都高。
... more than anyone else
結構︰比較級＋than＋anyone else／anything else
說明︰此句型意為\比其他任何…都還…\。這是用<比較級>來表示<最高級>的同範圍比較<句型>。anyone else 指人；anything else 指物。
John is more diligent than anyone else in his class. 約翰比班上其他的同學用功。
Time is more precious than anything else in the world. 時間比世上任何東西都寶貴。
Mary is more beautiful than anyone else in her company. 瑪麗在公司裡比其他人都漂亮。
We pay less attention to time than to anything else.我們對時間的不重視超過其他任何事物。
nothing is ...er than ... 結構︰nothing（或 no＋名詞）＋動詞＋比較級＋than…
說明︰此句型意為\沒有如此…者\。這是用<比較級>來表示<最高級>的<句型>。
Nothing is more valuable than time, but nothing is less valued. 沒有比時間更貴重的東西，但也沒有比它更受輕視的東西。
No place is better than one's home.
沒有任何地方比得上自己的家。
Nothing is more pleasant than staying home listening to music.
沒有一件事比待在家裡聽音樂更愉快的了。
Nothing gives him more pleasure than helping someone in trouble.
沒有一件事要比幫助陷入困境的人帶給他更大的快樂。
There is nothing to which we pay less attention than time and air.
我們對時間和空氣的不重視超過其他任何事物。
... nothing more than N
結構︰主詞＋動詞＋nothing more than＋名詞
說明︰此句型意為\…只不過…\。\more than\等於\。
Others are dismissed as nothing more than entertainment.
有些只不過是被當做娛樂而不予考慮。 It is nothing more than a made-up story. 它只不過是杜撰的故事而已。
She wishes to be treated as nothing more than a common girl.
她希望被對待得只不過像一般的女孩子。
...er than ever
結構︰…＋比較級＋than ever
說明︰此句型意為\比以前更…\。than ever 等於 than ever before，意為\比以前任何時候…\。
There it was, ticking away, louder than ever. 它就在那裡，滴答地走著，比以前更大聲。
You should be more careful than ever. 你應該比以前更小心。
Does she spend more money than ever? 她比以前花更多的錢嗎？ better ... than ...
結構︰better＋…＋than＋被比對象
說明︰此句型意為\寧可…；最好還是…\。better 之後可接<形容詞>，<副詞>，<名詞>，<動詞>等。
Please try to attend the meeting. Better late than absent.請您盡量參加會議。遲來也比不來強。 Better to postpone the shipment than to cancel the contract. 與其撤約還不如延期裝運。
Better reduce the price than allow a discount. 與其給折扣，不如減價。 with no N is it ...er than
結構︰... and with no＋名詞1＋is it＋比較級＋than＋with＋名詞2
說明︰此句型意為\…這種情形沒有一種…比…更為…\。此種結構，由於有 no，所以用 is it的倒裝句型。
It is unreasonable to regard any language as the possession of a particular nation, and with no language is it more unreasonable than with English. 把某一種語言視為某一特定的國家所擁有是不合理的，而這種情形沒有一種語言比英語更為不合理。
It is bad to get ill, and with no disease is it worse than with cancer. 生病是糟糕的，而這種情形沒有一種疾病比癌症更為糟糕。
It is pleasant to chat with friends, and with no chat is it more pleasant than with close friends.
和朋友聊天是愉快的，而這種情形沒有比和知己的朋友聊天更為愉快。 Who is the most ...
結構︰Who is the＋最高級…？ 說明︰此句型意為\誰最…？\。此句型中若將 who 改為 which，即用來詢問一組事物中最具某種特色的，如例句4。
Who is the oldest of them? 他們之中誰的年紀最大？
Who is the most beautiful in their family? 誰是他們家裡最美麗的人？
Who is the youngest here? 這裡誰是最年輕的？
Which is the most interesting subject for you? 哪個科目對你來說最有趣？ the ...est ... not ... 結構︰最高級＋…not…
說明︰<最高級>詞類與 not 並用時，有\甚至…都不…\的意味。
The most foolish man knows his own name. 再笨的人都知道自己的名字。
The loveliest flower cannot beat her
beauty. 再漂亮的花也比不上她的美麗。 The greatest scholar cannot solve this difficult problem.
再偉大的學者也沒有辦法解答這個難題吧。 The richest man in the world cannot buy everything.
即使是世上最富有的人，也無法買到一切。
There is not the smallest chance of his escape. 他一點逃走的機會也沒有。 Not even the thickest jacket was enough to keep out the cold.
就連最厚的夾克也不足以禦寒。 The strongest man (that) you can think of cannot tear the log apart with bare hands.
就連你所能想到的最壯的人也不能光用手就將木頭撕裂。
the ...est ... that V-ed
結構︰the＋最高級…＋（that）＋完成式 說明︰此句型意為\最…\。that 是<關係代名詞>；<完成式>中習慣使用<副詞> ever 強調。 That's the best book that I have ever read. 那是我讀過的最好的書。
That's the nicest thing that has ever happened to me. 那是我遇到的最美好的事。
He is the most diligent student that I have ever known. 他是我所知道的最用功的學生。
That's the worst performance (that) I have ever seen. 那是我所看過的最糟的一次表演。
of all the N, the ...est
結構︰of＋the three／the four／all the＋複數名詞，＋最高級子句 說明︰此句型意為\在…中，…最…\。但須注意：\＋複數<名詞>＋<比較級><子句>\，表示\兩者中…較…\，如例句7。<最高級><子句>也可置於句首。 Of the three students, he is the best. 三個學生中，他是最好的。
Jane is the best of all the students in her class. 珍是班中最好的學生。 Jane is the best of the three
(students). 珍是三個學生中最好的一個。 Of all the high mountains, Mt. Jade is the highest. 在所有高山當中，玉山為最高。
Of all the four seasons, summer is the hottest. 在所有四季當中，夏天最熱。 Of all the girls, she is the most beautiful. 在所有這些女孩子當中，她最美。
Of the two girls, Mary is more beautiful. 這兩個女孩中，瑪麗較漂亮。 A is the ...est among ...
結構︰主詞＋be 動詞＋最高級＋(名詞)＋among…
說明︰此句型意為\…是…之中最…\。<最高級>後的<名詞>通常省略。 The Chuo-shui River is the longest one among them. 濁水溪是其中最長的一條。 Which river is the shortest among them? 哪一條河流是它們之中最短的？
Paris is the most beautiful among the cities. 巴黎是這些城市中最美的。 A is the ...est N in ...
結構︰A＋be 動詞＋the＋最高級＋名詞＋in＋場所。
說明︰此句型意為\是…裡面最…\。the 不能漏掉。 Jane is the best student in her class. 珍是她班上最好的學生。
Mr. Jones is the busiest man in the office. 瓊斯先生是辦公室裡最忙的人。 The baseball game on Tuesday is the most important game this year.
星期二的棒球賽是今年最重要的棒球賽。
A is the ...est of N
結構︰主詞＋be 動詞＋the＋最高級＋of＋複數名詞
說明︰此句型意為\…是最…的…\。本<句型>的意思等於\主詞>＋be <動詞>＋the＋<最高級>＋單數<名詞>\。
Robert Frost was the most American of American poets.
羅伯?佛洛斯特是最具美國風格的美國詩人。 He is the strictest of teachers in our school. 他是我們學校最嚴格的老師。 It is the most popular of movies. 這是最受歡迎的電影。
English is the most international of
languages. 英語是最國際化的語言。 It is the most difficult of examinations. 那是最難的考試。 You must make the most of your opportunities. 你必須盡量利用機會。 A is the ...est of all.
結構︰主詞＋be 動詞＋the＋最高級＋of all
說明︰此句型意為\…是最為…\。\最高級>＋of all\的<語氣>比\最高級>\強。 These frozen foods are the most convenient of all. 這些冷凍食品是最為方便。
It is the most important of all. 那是最為重要的。
They are the most dependable of all. 他們是最為可靠的。 A is most ...
結構︰主詞＋be 動詞＋沒有 the 的最高級…
說明︰在以下幾種場合裡的<最高級>之前沒有 the：被用來代替\＋原級\或\以加強 <語氣>時前面沒有 the；most 的含義是\多數\時前面沒有 the；用作<最高級><副詞>時前面沒有 the；帶有<所有格>的<最高級><形容詞>之前沒有 the。
I think he is a most learned man. 我認為他是個很有學問的人。
A most beautiful girl came to see him yesterday. 昨天有一個很漂亮的女孩來看他。
Such a most talented person as he shouldn't be satisfied with what he is. 像他這麼有才華的人不應滿足於現狀。 A comet is at perihelion when it is closest (=very close) to the sun.
彗星最接近太陽時，它就是在近日點。 A person is most disappointed when he is in despair. 一個人在絕望時最失望。 He is calmest (=very calm) when he is all by himself. 他一人獨處時極為平靜。 The sentence of six months
imprisonment was most unjust. 六個月監禁的判決極其不公。 Most people need six to eight hours of sleep every day.多數人每天需要六至八小時的睡眠。 Most learned men are modest. 大部分有學問的人都很謙虛。
I like apples best of all fruits. 所有水果中我最喜歡蘋果。
Bill runs quickly, Jack runs more quickly than Bill, and Bob runs most quickly of all. 比爾跑得快，傑克跑得比比爾快，鮑伯在三者中跑得最快。 Jane's worst fault is her quick temper. 珍最大的毛病是她的急性子。
She is my youngest sister. 她是我最小的妹妹。
A is the last to ...
結構︰主詞＋be 動詞＋the last＋（名詞）＋to-不定詞／子句
說明︰此句型意為\…是最不可能…\。the last 表示\最不可能…；絕不至於…\，它的後面有時有 <名詞>。
I would be the last to attempt to answer the question. 我是最不可能去嘗試回答這個問題。
He is the last person (that) I want to see. 他是我最不想要看到的人。
This is the last attempt (that) he would make. 這是他最不可能做的嘗試。 The author should be the last man to talk about his work.
作者應該是最不喜歡談論自己作品的人。 superior/inferior to ...
結構︰superior／inferior to… 說明︰此句型意為\優於／劣於…\。這是不規則的<比較><句型>，其後跟 to 代替 than，其他還有\… to…（喜愛…甚於…）\，\to ...（年長的）\，\to ...（年少的）\等。
I prefer tea to coffee. 茶與咖啡，我較喜歡茶。
I prefer chemistry to physics. 我喜歡化學甚於物理。
He is superior to his brother in mathematics. 他的數學比他兄弟好。 A cheaper camera is not always inferior to a more expensive one.
廉價照相機的質量並總不比昂貴的差。 This plastic is inferior in quality to glass. 這塑膠的質料比玻璃差。
He is senior to me by seven years. to go home early.
他比我年長七歲。 The president was so young that he was junior to some of his employees.
總裁的年齡甚至是比他的一些雇員還小。
含不定詞句型 I am glad to ... 結構︰主詞（人）＋be 動詞＋情緒形容詞（如 glad，sorry…）＋不定詞…。
說明︰<不定詞>放在情緒<形容詞>如 glad，sorry，happy，sad，surprised，troubled等字之後修飾，這是<不定詞>做<副詞>的用法。
I am glad to see him. 我很高興看到他。
Sue was troubled to see trash everywhere. 蘇看到到處是垃圾很苦惱。 Sara was excited to see the rock band. 莎拉看到搖滾樂團很興奮。 ... too ... to ...
結構︰主詞＋動詞＋too＋形容詞／副詞＋（for＋sb.）＋to-不定詞… 說明︰此句型意為\太…而（使某人）不能…\。too 為<副詞>，可修飾<副詞>或<形容詞>。too 後也可接含有<形容詞>的單數<名詞>，即\＋<形容詞>＋a＋單數<名詞>＋to-<不定詞>\，也可以是\＋<不可數名詞>＋to…\或\＋複數<名詞>＋to…\。該句型如提到\對某人來說\，則加入\＋人\。該句型表示\否定\的意義，若加上<附加問句>，則須用否定，如例句8。
He walked too slowly to catch up with me. 他走得太慢而不能跟上我。
It is too dark in this room for me to read a book. 房間太暗，使我無法看書。 This problem is too difficult for them to settle. 這對他們來說真是一個難解的問題。
The price is too low for customers to believe. 價格低得令顧客難以相信。 He is too young a boy to do it. 他還太小，無法做這事。
He has too much work on hand to go picnicking with us.
他手頭的工作太多了，不能跟我們去野餐。 He has too many things at his disposal 有太多事要他處理，使他不能早點回家。 The boy is too young to do it, isn't he? 這男孩年紀太輕不能做這件事，不是嗎？ I am too glad not to ...
結構︰主詞＋動詞＋too＋形容詞／副詞＋not＋to-不定詞…
說明︰此句型意為\太…而必能…；非常…\。本<句型>具有雙重否定作用，也可將否定詞移到<動詞>部分。
Our professor is too capable not to solve this difficult problem. 我們教授非常有才幹，必定能解決這一難題。
This customer is too honest not to deceive us. 這位客戶非常誠實，不會騙我們。
I am too glad not to help the boy.我太樂意了而不能不幫助那男孩－－我非常樂意幫助那男孩。
It is never too late to learn. 活到老，學到老。
I am only too ... to ...
結構︰主詞＋動詞＋only too＋形容詞／副詞＋to-不定詞
說明︰此句型意為\非常…\。only 除去了 too 的否定意義，only too 相當於 very，very much 等。
I am only too glad to accept your kind invitation. 我非常高興地接受你的邀請。 He is only too willing to serve friends. 他極願為朋友效勞。
I am only too pleased to do business with you. 我能和你做生意，太高興了。 ADJ/ADV + enough to ...
結構︰主詞＋動詞＋…形容詞／副詞＋enough＋（for sb.）＋to-不定詞
說明︰此句型意為\足以…\。enough 可做<副詞>或<形容詞>用，在此做<副詞>，可修飾<副詞>或<形容詞>，恆置於被修飾的<副詞>或<形容詞>之後。
We need several men strong enough to do the work.
我們需要幾個強壯得足以做這件工作的人。 They bought a house large enough for ten persons to live in. 我們買了一棟房子，大得足以供十個人
住。
He is competent enough to fill that position. 他足以勝任那職位。 He ran fast enough to catch the thief. 他跑得飛快，足以抓住那小偷。
Our teacher is old enough to retire. 的<受詞>，否則就做<介系詞>的<受詞>。how，where，when，why均為<疑問副詞>。<不定詞片語>中的<動詞>若為<及物動詞>，則後面要有<受詞>；若為<不及物動詞>，則不需要<受詞>。
How do I know what to do and what not 我們老師年紀已夠得上退休了。
The assignment is few enough to be finished within half an hour.
作業很少，足能在半小時內完成。 ... enough + N + to do ...
結構︰主詞＋動詞＋enough＋名詞＋to-不定詞
說明︰此句型意為\有足夠的…可以做…\。該句型也可寫作\主詞＋動詞＋名詞＋enough＋to-不定詞\。 enough 在此做<形容詞>，修飾<名詞>，可置於該<名詞>之前或之後。 He has enough money (=money enough) to buy a car. 他有足夠的錢買一輛汽車。 He hasn't enough sense to realize his mistakes. 他沒有足夠的辨別力去認識自己的錯誤。
It is a pity that he doesn't have enough money to sponsor the project. 遺憾的是他沒有足夠的錢來支持這項計劃。
Will 2,000 dozens be enough for selling? 兩千打夠賣嗎？ ... be good enough to ...
結構︰Would you be good enough＋to-不定詞…？
說明︰此句型意為\請你…好嗎？\。本<句型>的意思和\you be so kind as to ...?\一樣， <語氣>較客氣。
Would you be good enough to turn the radio down a bit?請你把收音機的聲音關小一點好嗎？
Would you be good enough to keep silent? 請你保持安靜好嗎？
Would you be good enough to move a bit to the right? 請你往右邊移一點好嗎？ ... how (+ N) + to do ...
結構︰…how／what／when／where／which／whose（＋名詞）＋to-不定詞…
說明︰此句型意為\應該如何做／何時做／何地做／做哪些事…\。what，whom，which 為疑問<名詞>，做其後 <不定詞片語>中<動詞>to do? 我怎麼知道什麼該做，什麼不該做？ He showed me how to use the tape recorder. 他教我如何使用這台卡式錄音機。 What to do is one question, and how to do it is quite another.
應該做什麼和應該怎樣做是完全不同的兩個問題。
The trouble is when to start the business. 麻煩在於應該什麼時候開始這項工作。
We haven't decided where to go for lunch. 我們還沒有決定去哪裡午餐。
I don't know which advise to follow. 不曉得該聽誰的勸告。
I learned what expressions to use in public. 我懂得在公共場所中應使用什麼措辭。
How to begin is more difficult than where to stop. 如何著手遠比在何處結束來得困難。
You should know what to cook to eat. 你應該知道該煮什麼來吃。
The problem is when to get the money we need. 問題是什麼時候能得到我們所需要的錢。
There are so many fancy cars on display here that I don't know which to buy.
有這麼多的豪華汽車在此展出，我不知要買哪一輛才好。 ... only to do ...
結構︰…only／merely／simply／just＋to-不定詞…
說明︰此句型意為\竟然…；卻…\。表示與先前的努力相反的結果，一般用在句尾。
He studied hard only to fail in the exam. 他這麼用功，結果竟然考場失利。 He rushed all the way to the station only to miss the train.
他一路衝往車站，結果還是錯過了火車。 He tried a second time only to fail
again. 他再試一次，竟然還是失敗。 He tried to increase his income by gambling only to plunge more deeply into the mire. 他企圖藉賭博增加收入，卻陷入了更深的困境。 I went out, merely to get caught in a shower. 我跑出去，結果徒然碰到一場驟雨。 ... have only to do ... 結構︰have only＋to-不定詞… 說明︰此句型意為\只需…就夠了\。相當於\...\或\one has to do ...\。 You have only to sit there and watch what I am doing. 你只要坐在這裡，看著我做就行了。 Don't worry; you have only to sing a song to please her. 不用擔心，你只需唱首歌讓她高興就行了。 You have only to go. 你只要去即可。 You have only to ask and he'll tell you. 你只要問他，他就會告訴你。 ... never to do ... 結構︰…never＋to-不定詞… 說明︰此句型意為\不會再有…的結果\。 He went on a journey when he was 18 years old, never to come back. 他十八歲時出外旅行，一直沒有回來。 He went off to the war never to return alive. 他去參加戰爭，沒能活著回來。 She left her husband, never to come back. 她離開了她丈夫，再也沒回來。 make/have sb. do sth. 結構︰主詞＋make／have／bid／let＋受詞（人）＋不定詞原形 說明︰此句型意為\要／囑咐／叫…\。<使役動詞>中，make、have、bid、let 等字加了<受詞>之後，要接原形<動詞>做<受詞補語>，與使用<分詞>相比，<不定詞>原形重點在事實。變成<被動語態>時，該<受詞補語>要變成<不定詞片語>。但是 have 當<使役動詞>時，無<被動語態>。 I made him do it. 我叫他做這事。 I let him do it. 我讓他做這事。 They had/made the girl clean the floor. 他們叫這個女孩打掃地板。 The mother bade the child behave himself. 媽媽叮嚀孩子要守規矩。 He was bidden to finish the work on schedule. 我要他按時完成工作。 My father will probably have Tom paint the house green. 我爸爸很可能叫湯姆把房子漆成綠色。 He had me help him with his homework. 他叫我幫忙他做家庭作業。 ... want/like to do ... 結構︰主詞＋一般及物動詞＋不定詞（to＋V）…。 說明︰常以<不定詞>作為<受詞>的<及物動詞>有：like（喜歡），want（想要），try（設法）， love（喜愛），hate（討厭），forget（忘記），begin（開始），start（開始），need（必須）。 Some students hate to study English. 有些學生不喜歡研讀英語。 You need to study in a quiet place. 你必須在一個安定的地方讀書。 He likes to go to the movie. 他喜歡去看電影。 She wants to help Mary. 她想要幫助瑪麗。 ... want/ask sb. to do ... 結構︰主詞＋want／ask／tell 等＋受詞＋to-不定詞 說明︰<不定詞>放在<受詞>的後面，用於補充說明<受詞>的動作，叫做\受詞補語>\；當<不定詞>要表達\不要做某事\的意思時，則須採用<不定詞>的<否定式>，即直接在<不定詞>前加 not。常用的此類<動詞>有 want，get，compel，expect，ask，would like，advise，urge，wish，tell，allow，permit，trouble，help，teach 等。 I told him not to goof around. 我叫他不要游手好閒。 The teacher urged his students to prepare for the exam. 老師勸他的學生準備考試。 They forced me to do things against my will. 他們強迫我做違背我心意的事。 Do you want me to go there instead of you? 要不要我代你到那兒去？ I got him to do it. 我叫他做這事。 Their help enabled me to finish the
work with ease.他們幫助我，使我能夠順利地完成工作。
A sense of humor enabled him to get along well with others.
幽默感使他能與人相處愉快。 The heavy workload forced me to cancel the camping trip.繁重的工作量迫使我取消去露營。
The father allowed (=permitted) his son to travel abroad alone.
父親答應讓他的兒子單獨出國旅行。 We troubled him to turn on the light. 我們麻煩他打開電燈。
We needed someone to fix the tape recorder. 我們需要有人來修理錄音機。 I heard him sing.
結構︰主詞＋hear／see／feel＋受詞＋原形不定詞
說明︰此句型意為\聽／看／感覺…\。英文中表示\看\，\聽\，\感覺\的三類<動詞>，加了<受詞>之後，須接原形<動詞>做<受詞補語>，用以表示已發生，而且是主動意味的事實。我們稱此類<動詞>為知覺<動詞>，常用的有 see，watch，notice，look at，hear，listen to，feel 等。變成<被動語態>時，<受詞補語>要變成<不定詞片語>，如例句4。這些詞後也可接現在<分詞>，強調\動作進行\，而接原形<動詞>，則強調\整個事實\。
Did you notice anyone come in? 你注意到有人進來過嗎？ As far as I remember, I have never seen him smile. 在我記憶中，我從未見他笑過。 She once heard him whisper to another girl. 她曾聽到他對另外一個女孩說悄悄話。
He was heard to sing. 我聽到他唱歌。 I felt my heart beat violently. 我感覺到自己的心跳得很厲害。
She liked to listen to children talk. 她喜歡聽孩子們談話。
We heard him playing with his puppy. 我們聽到了他在玩著他的小狗。 Rick often watched the boats
returning to port in the late afternoon. 瑞克常常看到小船在傍晚正回到港口。 be going to ...
結構︰主詞＋be going＋to-不定詞… 說明︰此句型意為\將做…\。\＋to-<不定詞>\用作表示未來的<助動詞>，表示最近之未來將做的行為或未來的意圖。這種<句型>經常用於會話體，表示包含講話者的主觀或感情的情形。
He is going to marry Jane in May. 他打算五月和珍結婚。
I am going to stay up late to finish my paper. 為了完成報告我打算熬夜不睡。
I'm afraid he is going to lose the match. 我恐怕他會輸掉比賽。 The train was just going to start when we arrived. 我們到達時，火車馬上就要開了。
My father was a sailor and I'm going to be one, too.
我父親（以前）是水手，我也打算當水手。 be about to ...
結構︰主詞＋be about＋to-不定詞… 說明︰此句型意為\將做…\。表示極近的未來之行為，故為了表示幾乎等於現在的未來而不和未來之 <副詞>一起使用，如：不能說\am about to go next week.\。 He was surely about to change his mind. 他一定會改變主意。
She was about to walk out of the door when the telephone rang. 電話鈴響時她正要出門。
Something unusual was about to happen. 某種不尋常的事正要發生。 ... be to ...
結構︰主詞＋be＋to-不定詞…
說明︰此句型意為\預定要…\。\＋to＋<不定詞>\含有事先的安排或命令，表示\必須…；應該…；打算…\。
A was to be placed onto A', and B onto B'.
... seem/appear to ...
結構︰主詞＋seem／appear＋to-不定詞… 說明︰此句型意為\似乎是…，好像…\。to-<不定詞>的內容是表示狀態的詞。seem 有時要加入\或許\（probably）的意思翻譯起來才適當；appear 近於\乍看之下好像是…\的意思。 Taiwan seems to contain no petroleum. 台灣恐怕沒有蘊藏石油吧！
The thread seems to match the cloth.
這線和這布似乎很相稱。
He appears to be very tired. 他似乎很累。
These stars appear to move around the North Star. 這些星星似乎環繞著北極星轉。
They appear to be able to handle the problem. 他們似乎可以處理這個問題。
John seems to love music very much. 他假裝在爬山。
She pretended not to go. 她假裝不去。 He pretended to be a good man. 他假裝是好人。
Let's pretend (that) we are pirates. 讓我們玩假裝海盜的遊戲吧！ ... stop to ...
結構︰主詞＋stop＋to-不定詞…
說明︰此句型意為\停下來…\。若\＋約翰似乎很喜歡音樂。 To ..., Main Clause
結構︰不定詞片語，主要子句
說明︰此類<不定詞片語>通常放在句首，表示目的，修飾<主要子句>。常用的有 to tell the truth（老實說），to do someone justice（替某人說句公道話），to be brief（簡言之），to begin with（首先），to sum up（總之），to make matters worse（更糟的是），so to speak（可以這麼說），needless to say（不用說），to say nothing of sth。（更不用說）等。
To make sure that he was at home, I called him up in advance.
為了確定他在家，我事先打電話給他。
To tell the truth, I don't agree to your plan. 老實講，我不同意你的計劃。 To do her justice, she is not as bad as you described. 說句公道話，她並沒有你說的那樣壞。 To sum up, only when strict punishment can be imposed on the lawless, can social stability be maintained. 總之，唯有當嚴刑峻罰加之於違法之徒時，才能維持社會安定。
Mary is, so to speak, a hardworking student. 瑪麗可說是個用功的學生。 I can't speak English, to say nothing of Chinese. 我不會說英語，更別提中文了。 Needless to say, learning without thinking is useless. 不用說，學而不思則罔。
... pretend to ...
結構︰主詞＋pretend＋to-不定詞／that-子句
說明︰此句型意為\假裝…\。pretend 後面用 to-不定詞或 that 子句。 He was pretending to climb a mountain. Ving\是\停止…\。
They just don't stop to think. 他們就是不停下來想一想。
They stopped to look into the window. 他們停下來看看櫥窗。 I have stopped smoking for half a year. 我已經半年不抽煙了。 ... be meant to ...
結構︰主詞＋be meant＋to-不定詞
說明︰此句型意為\…是有意要…；…是命中注定要…\。\有時變成\meant for N\。
Some TV programs are meant to be watched today and forgotten tomorrow. 有些電視節目的用意是要今天觀賞，明天忘掉。
He believes he is meant to be a great man. 他相信他命中要成為偉人。
This dictionary is meant for you. 這本字典是要給你的。 be + ADJ + to ...
結構︰主詞＋be＋形容詞＋to-不定詞 說明︰<主詞>實際上是 to-<不定詞>的<受詞>，經過轉變而移到句首。
It was even more pleasing to look at in the morning light.
它在早晨的光線下看起來更悅目。 The rising sun is especially
beautiful to look at from this angle.旭日從這個角度看起來特別美。
I think she is easy to please. 我想她是很容易討好的。 ... be likely to ...
結構︰主詞＋be likely＋to-不定詞… 說明︰此句型意為\…可能…\。likely 表示具有充分根據的預測。有時<句型>可變為\is likely that ...\。 One's first impression is likely to be
that everyone is in a rush. ... be bound to ... 一個人的第一個印象是，每個人都是匆結構︰主詞＋be bound＋to-不定詞 忙的。 說明︰此句型意為\一定…\。\bound to V\ He is likely to arrive at any time. 是\sure to V（一定）\之意，而\bound 他可能隨時會到。 for\是\前往\之意。
His health is likely to get worse. Something is bound to happen one way 他的健康可能會惡化。 make an/no attempt to ... 結構︰主詞＋make an／no attempt＋to-不定詞… 說明︰此句型意為\…打算要／沒有打算要…\；\…試圖要／沒有試圖要…\。 His smile deepened, but he made no attempt to answer. 他的微笑加深了，但他沒有打算要回答。 I made no attempt to make friends with her. 我沒有打算要和她做朋友。 Will they make any attempt? 他們會再做另一次的嘗試嗎？ happen/chance to ... 結構︰主詞＋happen／chance＋to-不定詞… 說明︰此句型意為\…碰巧…\。 A friend of his happened to be sitting in a railroad-coach next to a young man who was obviously depressed. 他的一個朋友碰巧在火車車廂裡坐在一個無精打采的年輕人的身邊。 We happened to meet at the station. 我們碰巧在火車站相遇。 He happened to be sleeping. 他碰巧在睡覺。 I chanced to be thinking of the same thing. 我碰巧想到同樣的事。 ... is said to ... 結構︰主詞＋is said＋to-不定詞… 說明︰此句型意為\據說…（現在）是…\。而\是\據說…（以前）是…\。 His music is said to be \\他的音樂據說是\好\或\了不起\。 He is said to have been the richest man in Taiwan. 據說他以前是台灣最有錢的人。 They are said to build a hospital here. 據說他們要在這裡蓋一家醫院。 or another to end the conflict or solve the problem. 事情一定以某種方式發生以結束衝突或解決難題。 He is bound to come tonight. 他今天晚上一定會來。 If so, your points of view are bound to conflict with his. 如果這樣的話，你的觀點一定會和他的起衝突。 ... do all one can to ... 結構︰主詞＋do all one can to-不定詞… 說明︰此句型意為\盡一切可能來…\。注意 do 和 can 的<時態>要保持一致。 Daddy did all he could to fill my needs and desires.爸爸盡一切可能來滿足我的需求和慾望。 You should do all you can to persuade him. 你應該盡一切可能來說服他。 We have done all we could to catch up with them. 我們已經盡了一切可能來趕上他們。
have sth. to do with ... 結構︰... have something／nothing to do with ... 說明︰此句型意為\…與…有／無關係\。這是包含不定式的習慣用法。隨著\有關係\的程度， something 可改為 little，much，a great deal 等。have nothing to do with表示否定；have anything to do with 用於<疑問句>中。 Her diligence must have something to do with his success. 她的勤勉和她的成功一定有某些關係。 The traffic accident had nothing to do with him. 這交通事故和他一點關係也沒有。 His wife had much to do with his bankruptcy. 他的破產和他的妻子很有關係。 have no other N except to 結構︰主詞＋have no other＋名詞＋except
／than＋to-不定詞
說明︰此句型意為\除了要…沒有其他的…\。except 可以換成 than。
The speaker has no other purpose except to make people laugh. 這位演說者除了想搞笑之外，沒有別的目的。
We have no other choice than to agree with them. 我們除了同意他們之外，沒有別的選擇。 I have no other wish except to pass the examination.我除了要通過考試之外，沒有別的心願。
... in order/so as to ...
結構︰in order／so as＋to-不定詞…
說明︰此句型意為\為了…；想做…就得…\。這是表目的的不定詞句型，意思更為明確。 He must work very hard in order to support his large family.
他必須拼命工作以養活他的大家庭。 Listen carefully so as to follow the teacher. 要仔細聽才能聽懂老師講的課。 You must watch your step so as not to fall down. 你必須留心腳下才不會跌下去。 ... be used to ...
結構︰主詞(物) + be used to-不定詞 說明︰此句型意為\被用來…\。主詞通常是無生命的東西。而\物＋be used as＋<名詞>\譯為\被用來當做…\。
The book is used to teach us how to write. 這本書教我們如何寫作。
The knife can be used to cut meat. 刀能用來切肉。
It is said that the plant can be used to treat hepatitis. 據說那種植物可用來治肝炎。
The book is used as a reference book. 這本書被用來做參考書。 含分詞之句型 I am + V-ing ...
結構︰主詞＋am（are，is）＋現在分詞… 說明︰此句型意為\主詞>（人，物）正在…\。<現在進行式>用於表示現在\正在進行\的動作或\暫時性\的動作，常和 now，still，at this time 等<副詞>（<片語>）連用。而<簡單現在式>用於表示現在的\事實，習慣或狀態\，常和 every day，usually，always 等<副詞>(<片語>)連用。
Bill is singing. 比爾正在唱歌。 Linda is cooking. 琳達在烹飪。 My father is sleeping. 我父親在睡覺。
Mother cooks dinner every evening. 媽媽每天晚上做晚飯。 She is cooking in the kitchen now. 她現在正在廚房裡做飯。
Father walks to his office every morning. 爸爸每天早上走路去上班。 He is walking to his office now. 他現在正在走路去上班。 Mary sings in her room every afternoon. 瑪麗每天下午在她房間裡唱歌。
She is singing in her room now. 她現在正在她房間裡唱歌。 an interesting movie
結構︰主詞＋動詞＋a／an＋（very）＋現在分詞＋名詞（物）…。
說明︰\情緒<動詞>\如 interest，excite，satisfy，bore，confuse，trouble 等，要修飾事物，常用現在<分詞>；現在<分詞>含有\主動\或動作\正在進行\的意味。
That is an interesting movie. 那是一部令人有趣的電影。
That is an exciting game. 那是一場令人興奮的比賽。
That is a satisfying book. 那是一本令人滿意的書。 Have you + V-ed ...?
結構︰Have／Has＋主詞＋過去分詞＋…？ 說明︰將<助動詞> have（has）提到句首，即構成<現在完成式>的疑問式。
Have you had your lunch? 你已吃過午飯嗎？ Has she ever written a letter to Mark? 她曾經寫信給馬克嗎？
Have you found the pen you lost yesterday? 你找到昨天丟失的鋼筆了嗎？ a troubled student
結構︰主詞＋動詞＋a／an＋（very）＋過去分詞＋名詞（人）…。
說明︰\情緒<動詞>\如 interest，excite，satisfy，bore，confuse，trouble 等，要修飾人，常用過去<分詞>；過去<分詞>含有\被動\或動作\已經完成\的意味。
He is a troubled student. 他是一位感到苦惱的學生。
He is an interested person. 他是一位表現興趣的人。
He is a bored student. 他是一位感到厭煩的學生。
I have written a letter.
結構︰主詞＋have（has）＋過去分詞＋…。 說明︰<現在完成式>用於表示\過去某時\發生的事情，\直到現在\才完成，或\繼續到現在\，或其結果\影響到現在\，它的肯定式由\（has）＋過去<分詞>\構成，其中 have或 has 是<助動詞>，當<主詞>是第三人稱單數（he，she，it…）時，用 has，其餘人稱用 have。
I have written a letter. 我已經寫了一封信。
Mary has studied English for three years. 瑪麗研讀英語已有三年。 He has liked dogs since he was a child. 自從他是小孩時，他就喜歡狗。 ... is ...ed by ...
結構︰主詞＋be 動詞＋過去分詞＋by＋受詞…。
說明︰將主動句改為被動句時，先將主動句的<主詞>變成被動句的<受詞>，再將主動句的<及物動詞>改成\＋過去分詞\，且須注意 be <動詞>的時式要與主動句的<及物動詞>時式相同，最後將主動句的<主詞>變成被動句 by 的<受詞>。
The news is widely spread by them. 這一消息被他們廣為傳播。 Vegetables are needed every day by us. 蔬菜每天被我們所需要。
This letter was typed by Alice this morning. 這封信在今早被愛麗絲用打字機打過了。
will be V-ed by ...
結構︰主詞＋will be＋過去分詞＋by＋受詞…。
說明︰將現在式被動句的 be <動詞>（am，is，are）改為 will be，是構成未來式被動句的一種方法。
That book will be brought by Mary tomorrow. 那本書明天將被瑪麗帶來。 That car will be washed this afternoon. 那部汽車今天下午將會被洗。 The building will be opened next month. 那棟大樓下個月將營業。 be going to be V-ed by
結構︰主詞＋be going to＋be＋過去分詞＋by＋受詞…。
說明︰在現在式被動句的 be <動詞>（am，is，are）後加 going to be，是構成未來式被動句的另一種方法。
These clothes are going to be washed by her. 這些衣服將由她來洗。 A birthday cake is going to be brought to the table by the cook.
一只生日蛋糕將被廚師放到桌子上。 Music is going to be taught by Miss Lin. 音樂課將由林小姐來教。 can(not) be V-ed by ...
結構︰主詞＋can（not）be ＋過去分詞＋by＋受詞…。
說明︰將主動句中的<助動詞>（can，must…）照抄，後面加上 be＋過去<分詞>，即構成含有<助動詞>的被動句。
That lesson can not be understood by many students. 那一課無法為許多學生所理解。
The question can not be answered by many people. 這一問題無法被許多人回答。 His poor handwriting can not be read by himself. 他糟糕的筆跡無法被他本人所辨認。
... V + V-ing ...
結構︰主詞＋動詞＋補語（現在分詞） 說明︰英文中，若兩個<動詞>在一起而無<連接詞>加以連接，所表示的動作又是同時發生的，則第二個<動詞>要變成現在<分詞>；若第二個<動詞>是be<動詞>時，應變成現在<分詞> being，但 being通常予以省略。
We sat listening to the sound of the waves. 我們坐著傾聽海浪的聲音。 The dog lay dozing in front of the door. 小狗躺在門前打盹兒。
She stood there (being) motionless. 她站在那兒，一動也不動。
He quickly ran home, looking as if there was something wrong with him. 他快步跑回家，看上去好像有什麼事不對勁。
I stand looking over the lake. 我
站著展望湖面。
Some leaves went flying into my room. 幾片葉子飛著進入我的房間。 ... V-ing／V-ed + N ...
結構︰…現在分詞／過去分詞＋名詞（或名詞＋現在分詞／過去分詞）
說明︰這是<分詞>做<名詞>之修飾語的用法，該<分詞>修飾其前或後緊臨之<名詞>；<名詞>之前有其他單字或<片語>跟隨時，<分詞>通常放在<名詞>後面。
The shouting boy did not hear his mother call him. 大聲叫嚷的孩子聽不到媽媽的叫喚。
The girl standing in the front row is my niece. 站在前排的少女是我的姪女。 There were no printed books in those days. 當時沒有印刷的書籍。
This is a play written by an American author. 這是美國作家寫的劇本。 The prisoners closely guarded escaped from the prison last night.
被嚴密監視的這些囚犯昨夜越獄了。 I looked painfully at the vase broken into pieces. 我痛苦地看著這個破得粉碎的花瓶。 It is difficult to shoot a flying bird, especially a small bird flying high up in the sky.
要射中飛行中的小鳥，尤其是高空飛行的小鳥，非常困難。
Soon we came to a crowded street, a very wide street crowded with allsorts of vehicles.
我們很快就來到一條很寬、很吵雜，各種車輛來往行駛的大馬路上。 feel/make ... V-ing/V-ed
結構︰keep／make／hear 等＋受詞＋現在分詞／過去分詞
說明︰<動詞> keep，find 或<使役動詞> make，let，get 等，以及<感官動詞> hear，see，watch，feel 等後的<受詞補語>若強調正在進行的概念，且有主動意味時，以現在<分詞>表示；若有被動意味時，則以\＋過去<分詞>\表示，均譯成\正在…\。若要強調被動且已發生的概念，則用過去<分詞>做<補語>，譯成\被…\。
At last I succeeded in getting my car moving slowly.最後，我終於成功地讓我的車子慢慢移動。
We saw him watering the lawn around the house. 我們看見他在為屋子四周的草坪澆水。
Have you heard the opera sung in French? 你聽過用法語唱的這場歌劇嗎？ I felt something crawling up my arm. 我感覺到有什麼東西爬上我的手臂。 I saw him being punished by the teacher. 我看到他正被老師處罰。 I saw the boy carried away to the hospital. 我看到那個男孩被抬去醫院。 I found the work being done in a rush. 我發現這件作品正倉促地被完成。 ... get(s) V-ed/ADJ 結構︰主詞（某人）＋get（s）＋過去分詞（或形容詞）…。
說明︰此句型意為\某人變成…\。get＋<形容詞>（過去<分詞>）的常見用例有：get old（年紀大）， get hungry（肚子餓），get angry（生氣），get sick（生病），get fat（發胖）， get tired（疲倦），get lost（迷路），get confused（困惑），get hurt（受傷）， get excited（興奮），get ready（準備好）。 John got lost. 約翰迷路了。 Mary gets tired of wearing red dresses. 瑪麗厭倦穿紅色衣服。
The question is so hard, and we're getting confused. 這問題太難，我們感到困惑。
... have/get sth. done
結構︰主詞＋have／get／make＋受詞＋過去分詞
說明︰此句型意為\把…（辦完）\。make 之後的<受詞>習慣上是\人\而非\物\；但 have 和 get 後的<受詞>在此 <句型>中是\物\，有\叫別人代勞\的意味，即做事的人並非<主詞>，而是別人。
Be sure to get the work finished before six o'clock. 務必在六點之前把工作完成。 Are you going to get the house painted green? 你打算要把房子漆成綠色嗎？ I want to get/have these shoes mended. 我想把這些鞋子修補一下。
He has been unable to raise enough
money to have the big clock repaired. 他一直無法籌募到足夠的錢來把這個大鐘修理好。
I'll have it sent right away. 我會立刻把它（拍送）出去。 Have it charged to my credit card. 把它記在我的信用卡的帳號裡。
I cannot make myself understood in English.
我無法用英文使自己被人了解。（我無法用英文把我的意思講清楚。）
I had my tooth extracted. (=I had the dentist extract my tooth.)
我把牙拔了。（我是叫醫生拔的。） Sth. is being + V-ed ...
結構︰主詞＋is being＋過去分詞… 說明︰此句型意為\…正在被…\。是<進行式>的<被動語態>。
Money is being used in place of something more direct.金錢正在被更直接地用來取代某種東西。
The machine is being experimentally used. 這些機器正在被實驗地使用著。 The problems are being discussed. 這些問題正在被討論著。 ... go + V-ing ... 結構︰go＋現在分詞
說明︰此句型意為\從事…\。go 之後的現在<分詞>通常是運動類的<動詞>，如：fishing（釣魚），boating（划船），skating（溜冰），skiing（滑雪），hunting（打獵），mountain climbing（爬山）， shopping（購物）等。 Sometimes Mr. Black went swimming with the children.有時布拉克先生和這些小孩去游泳。 We went fishing yesterday and I caught three fish. 我們昨天去釣魚，而我釣了三條。
I find it interesting and healthy to go mountain climbing. 我覺得爬山有趣又有益健康。
The American housewife probably goes shopping only once or twice a week. 美國家庭主婦可能一星期只購物一、二次。
You may go grass skiing, bicycle riding, or shopping on the weekend. 週末你可以去滑草，騎腳踏車，或購物。 the + V-ing/V-ed/ADJ
結構︰the＋現在分詞／過去分詞／形容詞 說明︰<形容詞>，包括可做<形容詞>的<分詞>，前面加<冠詞> the，可當複數<名詞>用，表示\全體\的意思，其後的<動詞>用複數形。常用的有：the wounded（所有受傷的人），the handicapped（所有殘障者），the rich（有錢人），the dead（所有已死的人），the dying（所有垂死的人），the unknown（所有未知之事）等。
The rich are not necessarily happy. 有錢人未必快樂。 The oppressed were free after the coup. 被壓迫的人民，在政變之後獲得自由。 The dying were rushed to the hospital. 垂死的人被急速送往醫院。
During the depression, millions of the unemployed wandered around in the streets.
經濟蕭條時期，有好幾百萬的失業者在街頭遊蕩。
V-ing/V-ed ..., Main Clause
結構︰現在分詞／過去分詞…，主要子句 說明︰這是含<分詞>句構的<句型>，是以<分詞片語>代替<副詞子句>。<主要子句>中的<主詞>應和<分詞片語>中的動作接受者一致。若<動詞>為 be 或 have been，變成現在<分詞> being 或 having been後，可以省略。<否定句>若變成<分詞片語>時，<否定副詞> not 或 never 應置於<分詞>之前。
Holding the watch up, she listened. 把錶拿起來，她注意聽。
Standing in the dark, I can not see anything. 站在黑夜裡，我什麼也看不見。 Sitting under the tree, I was hit by a stone on the head. 我坐在樹下，被一塊石頭擊中了頭。
(Being) a lover of nature, he often goes mountain climbing.因為熱愛大自然，他常常去爬山。
Angry with his wife, Tom kicked the dog. 因為和太太生氣，湯姆踢狗。
Rich and generous, he contributed two million dollars to the Red Cross. 因為有錢又慷慨，他捐了兩百萬圓給紅十字會。
(Having been) Knocked down by a car, N + V-ing/V-ed he spent a week in the hospital. 結構︰名詞＋現在分詞／過去分詞，… 被車子撞倒後，他在醫院裡度過了一星說明︰這是含獨立<分詞>結構的<句型>，即因期。 <主詞>不同而將<分詞>意義上的<主詞>置於< Seriously damaged, the bridge is no 分詞>之前。若 <動詞>為 be 或 have been，longer in use. 因受到嚴重損壞，這座橋不變成現在<分詞> being 或 having been 後，再使用了。 可以省略。若<分詞>意義上的<主詞>是 we， Caught in a rain, he was wet all over. you，one 等表世上之一般人的情形時，即使淋到了一場雨，他全身都濕了。 Bitten by a dog, the little boy did not dare to play with dogs again. 被狗咬過，這個小男孩不敢再和狗玩。 Written in English, the book is difficult for me to understand. 用英文寫的這本書對我來說很難理解。 Not (being) fond of learning, he ran away from home. 由於不喜歡讀書，他就離家出走了。 Never having been to Switzerland before, he longs for a trip there. 因為從來沒去過瑞士，他期待一趟瑞士之旅。 When + V-ing ... 結構︰when／while／once／if／unless／though＋現在分詞 說明︰當when，while，once，if，unless，though 等<副詞><連接詞>引導<副詞子句>時，若其<主詞>與<主要子句>相同，可保留該<副詞><連接詞>，其餘部分則化簡為<分詞片語>。 He says \when making a request. 請求時，他說：\請\。 When waiting for a bus, he takes his turn. 等公共汽車時，他按順序排隊。 He stopped to talk to me when seeing me. 看到我的時候，他停下來和我說話。 If falling ill, I'll stay home taking a good rest. 如果生病，我會待在家裡好好休息。 Once arriving there, I'll keep contact with you. 一到那裡，我會跟你連絡。 Unless (being) rich, I am not going to buy a house. 除非有錢，要不然我是不會買房子的。 Though knowing the truth, he remained silent. 雖然他知道實情，卻保持沈默。 和<主要子句>之<主詞>不同，也可省略，變成慣用的句子，常用的有：frankly speaking（坦白說），judging from（由…觀之），talking about／of（談談…），generally speaking（一般而言），roughly speaking（大體言之）等。 They were trembling, their mouths watering at the thought of the beer. 他們顫抖著，一想到啤酒，口水就流出來。 He was sitting next to Mrs. Smith, his eyes resting on her daughter. 他坐在史密斯太太的旁邊，他的視線落在她女兒的身上。 The earthquake took place, the windows broken into pieces. 地震發生了，戶破得粉碎。 \it is,\he whispered, his eyes (being) bright with sudden tears. \就在那裡。\他低聲地說，他的眼睛閃亮著突然而來的眼淚。 He said in a low voice, both his hands (being) on his back. 他低聲地說，他的雙手放在背後。 He argued, his voice trembling with anger. 他爭論著，他的聲音由於生氣而顫抖。 Generally speaking, women live longer than men. 一般而言，女性壽命較男性長。 Frankly speaking, he is not so bad as you might think. 坦白講，他沒有你想像中的壞。 with + N + V-ing/V-ed 結構︰with＋名詞＋現在分詞／過去分詞 說明︰這是表\附帶狀況（並行行為）\的<副詞片語>，常用來描述情景。有時使用<形容詞>、<副詞>、<介系詞>代替<分詞>。 She sang to the music with her hand waving gently. 她跟著音樂唱歌，手斯文地
揮動著。 He came running here with one hand holding a knife. 他手上握著刀向這裡跑來。 He came running here with a knife held in one hand. 他一手握著刀向這裡跑來。 With our work done, we felt much at ease. 工作做完後，我們覺得好輕鬆。 She looked at him with the color gone from her face. 她凝視著他，臉上毫無血色。 He was dozing with a book open in his hands. 他在打盹，手上的書打開著。 My father sometimes goes out for a stroll with a stick in his hand. 父親有時候帶著手杖出去散步。 What a lonely world it would be with you away! 妳要是不在，這世界不知將有多寂寞！ V-ing ... + be + N ... 結構︰現在分詞…＋be 動詞＋名詞 說明︰此句型的<名詞>是句子的<主詞>，所以 be <動詞>要和<名詞>一致。 Coexisting with such love in the American family are cultural values of self-reliance and independence. 和美國家庭的這種愛同時並存的是自強及獨立的文化價值觀。 Growing along the river are tall palm trees. 沿著這條河生長的是高大的棕梠樹。 Lying north of the church is a girls' senior high school.位於這座教堂以北的是一所女子高中。 含動名詞之句型 Thinking correctly is ... 結構︰動名詞＋副詞（或名詞）＋單數動詞＋…。 說明︰此句型意為\做某事是…的\。<動名詞>在文法上具有<動詞>與<名詞>的雙重性質，故<動名詞>可以像<名詞>一樣充當<主詞>；又因<動名詞>當<主詞>時，用於指\某一件事\，屬於第三人稱單數，故取單數<動詞>。 Thinking correctly is important. 思考正確是重要的。 Living in the big city is convenient. 住在大城市是方便的。 Reading good books makes us happy. 閱讀好書使得我們快樂。 ... without + N/V-ing ... 結構︰主詞＋動詞＋…without＋名詞／動名詞…。 說明︰此句型意為\主詞>沒有（不用）…\。without 當\沒有；不用；假如沒有；當…不\解，是<介系詞>，後面接<名詞>（<代名詞>）或<動名詞>，用法相當於\... not\或\（when）…not＋<動詞>\。 I can't start a fire without matches. 我沒有火柴不能點火。 We won't go without you joining it. 你沒有參加的話我們就不去了。 You can't see the movie without the ticket. 你沒有票，不能看電影。 He went to school without breakfast. (=He went to school and did not eat breakfast.) 他沒吃早飯就去上學了。 I like + V-ing ... 結構︰主詞＋及物動詞＋動名詞（當受詞）＋…。 說明︰此句型意為\某人…做某事\。下列的<及物動詞>後面，常接<動名詞>當<受詞>：like，love， hate，begin，start，try，enjoy，mind，practise。 I like doing my homework. 我喜歡做我的家庭作業。 He loves listening to music. 他喜歡聽音樂。 The boys hate doing homework on Sundays. 男孩們討厭在星期日做家庭作業。 cannot help + V-ing ... 結構︰主詞＋cannot help＋動名詞 說明︰此句型意為\不得…，不禁…\。這裡的 help 作\抗拒\或\避免\解，此時一定要用<動名詞作受詞>，相當於\主詞>＋cannot but／cannot help but＋原形<動詞>\。 He cannot help loving Mary because of her beauty. 因為瑪麗長得美，他不禁愛上她。 Whenever I hear the story, I cannot help crying. 每次我聽這故事，就忍不住要哭。 After learning of his sufferings, I couldn't help sympathizing with him. 得知他痛苦的遭遇後，我忍不住同情
他。
I cannot help laughing. 我忍不住笑出來。
I cannot help being poor. 我是窮，可是沒有辦法呀！
I cannot help wondering about that girl. 我不免對那個女孩感到驚奇。
I cannot help worrying to hear that there is no steamer this week. 我聽到本周沒有船的消息，禁不住擔憂起來。
There is no + V-ing ... 結構︰There is no＋動名詞…
說明︰此句型意為\做…是不可能的\。等於\＋原形<動詞>\或\one can＋原形<動詞>\。
There is no accounting for tastes. 人各有所好。
There was no telling what the next assignment would be. 不曉得下一個任務將是什麼。
There is no reasoning with such a stubborn man as Peter.
跟彼得這種固執的人講理簡直是不可能的事。
There is no denying that Taiwan is a beautiful island.台灣是座美麗的島嶼，這是不可否認的。
There is no describing the beauty of the scene. 誰都無法形容這景色的美麗。 There is no typing up this letter within five minutes. 不可能在五分鐘內打完這封信。
feel like + V-ing ... 結構︰feel like＋動名詞
說明︰此句型意為\想要…\。like 是<介系詞>，故之後要接<名詞>或<動名詞>。當接<動名詞>時，解釋為\想要做…\，相當於\like to＋原形<動詞>\；接<名詞>時，解釋為\感覺像…\。
I don't feel like studying tonight. 我今晚不想念書。 I feel like going to Europe for a visit next summer vacation.我好想明年暑假去一趟歐洲。
Do you feel like going to a movie? 你想看電影嗎？ I feel like a newborn baby. 我感覺像是個新生的嬰兒。
... come near + V-ing ... 結構︰主詞＋come near＋動名詞 說明︰此句型意為\幾乎去做…\。near 後跟<動名詞>。
It came near being the prettiest bow he had ever seen.那幾乎是他所見過最漂亮的一隻果盆。
I came near hitting him. 我幾乎揍他。
They came near being drowned. 他們幾乎被水淹死。
My son came near being run over by a truck. 我的兒子差點被大卡車輾過。 ... worth + V-ing ... 結構︰worth＋動名詞
說明︰此句型意為\值得…\。worth 是<介系詞>，使用時要用<名詞>或<動名詞>做<受詞>，形成<介系詞片語>，當 <形容詞>用。worth 之後接<動名詞>時，<主詞>必須為該<動名詞>之<受詞>，否則<動名詞>之後須另加<介系詞>，使<主詞>做其<受詞>。這種<句型>不可用虛<主詞> it 做<主詞>。
London is a city worth visiting. 倫敦是值得參觀的城市。 He who does his duty is worth praising. 凡是忠於職守的人都值得贊揚。
A book worth reading once is worth reading time and time again. 值得一看的書值得一看再看。
The work is worth doing. 這個工作值得去做。
He is worth doing the work for. 值得為他去做這份工作。 be worthy of + V-ing
結構︰be worthy of＋動名詞
說明︰此句型意為\值得…\。等於\worthy＋to be＋過去<分詞>\。worthy 是<形容詞>，也引導<形容詞片語>；同 worth 一樣，使用 worthy 時，不可用虛<主詞> it 做<主詞>。 This book is worthy of reading. 這本書值得一讀。
He who does his duty is worthy of praising. 凡是忠於職守的人都值得獎勵。 The event is worthy of being remembered. 那事件是值得記憶的。
On/Upon + V-ing ...
結構︰On／Upon＋動名詞…
說明︰此句型意為\一…就…\。相當於 once 引導的<副詞子句>。on 後面所跟的<動詞>的動作執行者必須與<主要子句>的一致。 Upon reaching an appropriate age, children are encouraged, but not forced, to \the nest\一達到適當的年齡，孩子們就被鼓勵，而不是被強迫，\離開老窩\。 On entering the classroom, I found a book lying on the floor.
一走進教室，我就發現一本書丟在地上。
Upon receiving your letter, I was as happy as could be. 一收到你的信，我非常高興。
before + V-ing ...
結構︰before + 動名詞 ...
說明︰此句型意為\在…之前\。before 後面動作的執行者，應該與<主要子句>中的動作執行者一致。
Before entering a house in some Asian countries, it is good manners to take off your shoes.
在某些亞洲的國家，進屋子之前脫下鞋子才是有禮貌的。
Before reading the book, you had better ask yourself if you have the time. 在讀這本書之前，你最好問問自己是否有時間。
Before visiting him, I called him up in advance. 在拜訪他之前，我先打電話給他。
of one's own + V-ing
結構︰of one's own＋動名詞
說明︰此句型意為\由某人親自所…的\。本<片語>為<形容詞片語>，置於<名詞>之後，做後位<修飾語>。 This is a picture of his own painting. 這是他的親筆畫。
This is a coat of her own making. 這是她親手做的外衣。
I least expected that this should be a house of his own constructing. 我怎麼也沒想到這房子是他自己造的。
keep ... from + V-ing 結構︰主詞＋keep／prevent／stop／discourage＋受詞＋from＋動名詞
說明︰此句型意為\防止…／阻止…／使…不能…／勸阻某人不要…\。有時把 from 省略。 It will take everybody's efforts to keep city noises from increasing. 那是需要每個人的努力來防止都市噪音的增加。 The rain kept us from getting there on time. 那場雨使我們不能準時到達那裡。 They should try to keep prices from rising. 他們應該設法阻止價錢上漲。
Sometimes we can prevent a cloud from producing rain. 有時我們可以阻止雲產生雨。
Nobody can prevent him from running the risk. 沒有人能夠阻止他去冒險。 The bad weather prevented us from getting there on time.
惡劣的天氣阻止了我們準時到達那裡。
They didn't even try to stop him getting it. 他們甚至沒有試圖去阻止他得到它。 You should have stopped him from going swimming. 你本來應該阻止他去游泳。 A strong will will stop one from committing a crime. 強烈的意志會阻止一個人去犯罪。
Even his closest friends discouraged him from seeking higher office.
甚至他最知己的朋友也勸阻他去尋求更高的職位。
He was discouraged from making another attempt. 他受勸阻去做另一次的嘗試。
I remember + V-ing ...
結構︰主詞＋remember＋動名詞
說明︰此句型意為\記得曾做…\。\＋<動名詞>\是指現在記得以前曾經做過某事，而\＋to-<不定詞>\是指\記住要做某事\。forget，regret 的情形和 remember 也有大致相同的區別。
I remember feeling that God, or someone, had brought us together. 我記得感到上帝或某人把我們湊合在一起。
Do you remember taking a trip to Japan with him? 你記得曾經和他到日本旅行嗎？
I can't remember quarreling with him in junior high school. 我不記得國中時和他吵過架。
I'll remember to mail these letters. 我會記著寄這些信的。 ... one's + V-ing ... 結構︰所有格＋動名詞
說明︰<動名詞>之意義上的<主詞>是放在<動名詞>前面的<名詞>(<代名詞>)，原則上是以<所有格>出現。但在口語中經常以受格出現，尤其美語此種傾向更強。<動名詞>意義上的<主詞>若非\人\時，則不必變成<所有格>。 She is not sure of his answering her letter. 她無法確定他是否會回信給她。 I prefer John's playing tennis to his playing cards. 我寧願約翰打網球而不玩樸克牌。
I dislike my mother's interfering in the affair. 我不喜歡母親介入這件事。 Our teacher didn't mind my coming in late. 老師對於我的遲到並不在意。
Would you mind my opening the window? 你介意我開窗嗎？
I remember our meeting ten years ago. 我記得十年前我們會見過。 My father doesn't like my/me going out alone. 我父親不喜歡我單獨出門。
I dislike my house being too small. 我不喜歡我的房子太小。 ... be busy V-ing ... 結構︰be busy＋動名詞
說明︰此句型意為\忙著做…\。等於\busy with＋<名詞>\。
Mother is busy making cookies for the picnic. 母親正忙著為野餐做餅乾。
He was busy preparing for the exam. 他忙著準備考試。 I was busy looking up all the new words of the lesson in my dictionary.
我忙著在字典裡查本課所有的生字。 ... be used to + V-ing/N
結構︰主詞＋be used to／be accustomed to＋動名詞／名詞
說明︰此句型意為\習慣於…\。\主詞>＋used to-<不定詞>\是\過去常常…\；而\物＋be used to-<不定詞>\則是\被用來…\的意思。
The winter was much colder than they were used to and many people died. 那年冬天比他們所習慣的更為寒冷，因而很多人死亡。
He is used to sitting up late. 他習慣熬夜。 Are you used to the weather in Taipei? 你習慣台北的天氣嗎？
He is accustomed to hearing noise, because he lives right in the center of the city.
他住在市中心，所以已經習慣於噪音了。
be on the point of + V-ing
結構︰be on／upon the point／verge of＋動名詞／名詞…
說明︰此句型意為\正要…\。相當於\just about to ...\。
It started raining when I was on the point of leaving home.我正要離開家的時候開始下雨了。
On being sent to hospital, he was on the point of breathing his last. 他被送到醫院的時候已經奄奄一息了。
He was on the point of death. 他瀕臨死亡。 She was on the verge of telling all the secret. 她正想把全部的祕密講給我聽。 make a point of + V-ing
結構︰主詞＋make a point of＋動名詞
說明︰此句型意為\一定…；認為有必要…\。本<句型>也可以寫成\主詞>＋make it a point／rule＋to-<不定詞>\。
I make a point of giving a hand to others. 我一定對別人伸出援助的手。 Whenever I go to Taipei, I make a point of visiting the National Palace Museum. 不論何時我到台北，我一定去參觀故宮博物院。
They make a point of going on a picnic every two weeks.他們一定每兩個星期去野餐一次。
to the point of V-ing ...
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