名词性从句的翻译

名名词词性性从从句句的的翻翻译译

英语名词从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句等。翻译这类从

句时，大多数可按原文的句序译成对应的汉语，但也还有一些其它的处理方法。现分述如下： 一、主语从句

（一） 以what, whatever, whoever等代词引导的主语从句翻译时一般可按原

文顺序翻译。

1) What he told me was only half-truth.他告诉我的只是些半真半假的东西。 2) Whatever he saw and heard on his trip gave him a very deep impression.他此行所见所闻都给他留下了深刻的印象。

3) Whoever has made a voyage up the Hudson must remember the Kaatskill Mountains.凡是在哈得孙河上游航行过的人是一定记得卡兹吉尔群山的。 他告诉我的只是些半真半假的东西而已。 （二）以it作假主语所引出的真主语从句，翻译时视情况可以提前，也可以不提前。

1. 真主语从句提前译，为了强调起见，it一般可以译出来，如果

不需要强调，it也可以不译出来。

1)It doesn’t make much difference whether he attends the meeting or not．

他参加不参加会议没有多大关系。 2)It is a fact that the U．S．S．R．has sent it fleet to all parts of the world. 苏联已把它的舰队派往世界各地，这是事实。

3)It seemed inconceivable that the pilot could have survived the crash．

驾驶员在飞机坠毁之后，竟然还能活畜，这看来是不可想象的。 2．真主语从句不提前，it一般不需要译出来。 1）It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings. 真奇怪，她竟然没有看出自己的缺点。

2）It was obvious that I had become the pawn in some sort of top-level power play. 很清楚，某些高级人物在玩弄权术，而我却成了他们的工具。 3）It is rumoured（reported）that the meeting will be held in June.据传（报），这个会将在六月间举行。 二 宾语从句

（一）用 that，what，how等引起的宾语从句汉译时一般不需要改变它在原句中的顺序。 l）I told him that because of the last condition，I’d have to turn it down．我告诉他，由于那最后一个条件，我只得谢绝。

2）Can you hear what I say？你听得到我所讲的吗？

3）I also told him how appealing I found the offer． 我也告诉他，他提供的机会对我有多么大的吸引力。

1

4）He would never let the history books say of him that he had been content to sit on the sidelines，to be a gentle，leisurely President，letting events take their course．

他决不肯让将来的历史书说他甘当一个拍手旁观、悠闲文雅而听任事情自流的总统。

有时可加“说”字，再接下去译原文宾语从句的内容。

l）Smith replied that he was sorry．斯密斯回答说，他感到遗憾。

2）He would remind people again that it was decided not only by himself but by lots of others.

他再三提醒大家说，决定这样事的不只是他一个人，还有其他许多人。 （二）用 it作假宾语的句子，汉译时 that引起的宾语从句一般可按原文顺序，it不泽。

l）I made it clear to them that they must hand in their papers before 10 o’clock in the morning．

我向他们讲清楚了的，他们必须在上午十时前交卷。

2）I take it for granted that you will come and talk the matter over with him．我想你会来跟他谈这件事情的。

但有时在译文中也可将that引起的宾语从句提前。 1）I regard it as an honor that I am chosen to attend the meeting．我被选参加会议，感到光荣。

2）Anyhow，old chap，I owe it to you that I’m here．

不管怎么说，老朋友，我现在还能在这儿，全靠你。

三、表请从句

英语表语从句跟宾语从句一样，一般可按原文顺序翻译。

1）That is how the student movement broadened out into a nation-wide movement for a war of resistance against foreign invaders．就这样，学生运动发展成为一个全国性的要求对外国侵略者进行抗战的运动。

2）The fact，however，remains that，though seemingly a big military power, she is far from invulnerable in her air defense.

然而，现实情况仍旧是，虽诚地貌似一个军事强国，她的空防却远不是无懈可击的。

3）What he emphasized over and over again was that，no matter how difficult it might be，they should never retreat even for an inch.

他所再三强调的就是，不曾多么困难，他们决不应该后退寸步。

4) The conclusion，drawn in one of the concluding paragraphs，is that American foreign policy goals can be attained only by “maintaining a position of strength.” 文件结尾有一段作出的一个结论是，美国只能通过“保持实力地位”才能达到对外政策的目的。

5）His view of the press was that the reporters were either for him or against him.

2

他对新闻界的看法是，记者们不是支持他，就是反对他。

6）This is what he is eager to do．这就是他所渴望做的。

7） That was how a small nation won the victory over a big power. 就这样，小国战胜了大国。

8) This is where the shoe pinches. 这就是问题的症结所在了。 四、同位语从旬

同位语是用来对名词（或代词）作进一步的解释。同位语可以是单词、短语或从句，这里先介绍英语同位语从句的译法。

（一）同位语从句汉译时不提前 l）He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China. 他表示希望再到中国来访问。 2）There were also indications that intelligence，not politics was Helm’s primary concern. 而且也有种种迹象表明，赫尔姆主要关心的是情报，而不是政治。 3）An obedient son，I had accepted my father’s decision that was to be a doctor，though the prospect interested me not at all．作为一个孝顺的儿子，我接受了父亲的决定，要当医生，虽然我对这样的前途毫无兴趣。 （二）同位语从句提前 1)Yet，from the beginning, the fact that I was alive was ignored．然而，从一开始，我仍然活着这个事实却偏偏被忽视了。

2）But I knew I couldn’t trust him．There was always the possibility that he was a political swindler.

但我知道不能轻信他。他是政治骗子这种可能性总是存在的。

3) It does not alter the fact that he is the man responsible for the delay． 迟延应由他负责，这个事实是改变不了的。

4) They were very suspicious of the assumption that he would rather kill himself than surrender．对于他宁愿自杀也不投降这种假设，他们是很怀疑的。

（三）增加“即”（或“以为”）或用冒号、破折号分开

1）“Influenced by these ethics，Powers lived under the delusion that money does not stink…”“受了这种道德观念的熏陶，鲍尔斯生活在一种错觉中，以为金钱总是春喷喷的??”

2）But it ignores the fact that，though pilot，we potentially were in as much danger of capture as any covert agent．但却忽略了这一点，即我们虽说是驾驶员，却和任何潜伏的特务一样有被俘的危险。

3）But considered realistically，we had to face the fact that our prospects were less than good．但是现实地考虑一下，我们不得不正视这样的事实：我们的前景并不妙。

4) And there was the possibility that a small electrical spark might accidentally bypass the most carefully planned circuit．而且总有这种可能性—— 一个小小的电火花，可能会意外地经过了足为精心设计的线路。

3

下面我们顺便再简单讲讲用单词、短语作同位语的译法。

（一）说明身份、称号的英语同位语往往放在专门名词后面，汉译时一般放在前面。

l）They silently surrounded Lazarev，a young soldier, in order to take him prisoner．

他们静悄悄地包围了一个年青战士拉扎列夫，企图俘虏他。

2）According to Snyder，my cousin，Oswald mentioned this matter．根据我表兄斯奈德的叙述，奥斯瓦德提到过这件事

3）“If something works out，Joe Alsop will write that it was Bundy the brilliant Harvard Dean who did it?”

“如果有什么事做成了，约瑟夫·艾尔索普就会写道，这应归功于那个有才华的哈佛大学院长邦迪??”

（二）限制性同位语以及用形容词、数词等作进一步说明的同位语在英语中往往放在本位语后面，汉译时一般毋需改变位置。

l）That theory was advanced by the famous Chinese geologist Li Si-guang.那条理论是中国著名地质学家李四光提出来的。

2）I have been to all the cinemas in tins city，big or small．

这个城市里的电影院我都到过，大的也罢，小的也罢。 3）We two like to go there. 我们两个想去。

（三）原文中有些同位语，汉译时往往需要作适当扩充或加破折号、冒号等。 l）Her son，my employer’s nephew, was himself an assistant in the shop. 她的儿子，也就是我老板的侄子，也在店里当伙计。

2)The search narrowed down to one plane, the B-25 Mitchell medium bomber. 研究范围缩小到一种飞机：B-25米契尔式中型轰炸机。

3）But in three hours we reached our destination，Vladimir Prison．但三小时后我们就到了目的地——弗拉基米尔监狱。

4) Instead of the actual April date，they said it had occurred on May 1,1965, the fifth anniversary of my flight. 他们报导的（举行典礼的）日期，不是实际上的四月份的某日，而是一九六五年五月一日——我飞行的五周年纪念日。

5）They were particular1y struck by Peking’s allusion to the five principles of“peaceful coexistence”， the specific language of the 1955 Bandung Conference of non-allied countries, a moment of maximum Chinese contact with the non-Chinese world. 北京提到了“和平共处”五项原则，这就更打动了他们的心。“五项原则”是一九五五年不结盟国家万隆会议的特别用语，那次会议是中国同外界进行最大限度的接触的时刻。

4

本文来源：https://www.bwwdw.com/article/kgvw.html