高考英语非谓语动词高三语法复习 - 非谓语动词 经典学案讲义
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高考英语非谓语动词高三语法复习---非谓语动词
经典学案讲义
高三语法复习---非谓语动词
非谓语动词包括不定式,动名词和分词。它们是高中所学的基础语法,也是高考必考内容。既是高考的难点又是高考的热点。真正领悟非谓语动词的用法要具备以下基础知识: ①具有句子结构的知识,会分析句子成分。 ②具有简单句最基本的五种句型的知识,要分得清双宾语和复合宾语。 ③具有扎实而丰富的动词知识,要分得清及物动词和不及物动词。 ④具备各种复合句的知识,能够拆析复合句和长难句
五种句型:1. 主+ 系 + 表 We are students. 2. 主语+动词(不及物) We work.
3. 主语+动词(及物)+宾语 He plays the piano.
4.主语+动词(及物)+直接宾语+间接宾语 She gave me a pen. 5. 主语+动词(及物)+宾语+宾语补足语
He made the boy laugh. We call him Jack We elected him chairman.
I. 非谓语动词的分类,意义,构成: 构成 非谓语形式 时态和语态 to do to be done to be doing to have been 不定式 to have done done doing being done 现在having done having been 分词 分done 词 过去 done 分词 doing being done 动名词 having done having been done II. 做宾语的非谓语动词比较: 情况 只接不定式做宾语的动词 特征和作用 否定式 复合结构 for sb. to 具有名词,副词和形容词的作do sth. 用 在句中做主、宾、定、表和状语 在非谓语前加具有副词和形容词的作用 not 在句中做定、表、宾补和状语 sb’s doing 具有名词的作用 在句中做主、宾、定和表语 常用动词 agree, want, decide/ make up one’s mind/determine, expect/hope/wish, manage/try, plan/intend/mean, learn, want, pretend, refuse, offer, promise, choose, ask/beg, help, afford, strive, remain, happen, seem, appear, decide等 非谓语动词 1
have no choice but to do sth; cannot choose but do sth,; can do nothing but do sth.等 ●告(诉)知(道)类动词后常由wh +to do 结构做宾语 Tell/ show / explain/ teach/ advice/ discuss/ understand/ know/ learn +wh- to do sth. mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practice, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resist, consider, deny, delay, fancy doing sth, 只接动名词can’t help, feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to开始做某事, 做宾语的动be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in做某事感到骄傲自豪, 词或短语 set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to, get used to 意义基本相同 两意义相者反 都可以 意义不同 begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue(接不定式多指具体的动作, 接动名词多指一般或习惯行为) need, want, require(接动名词主动形式表示被动意义,若接不定式则应用被动形式) stop to do 停止手中事,去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在做的事 remember/forget/regret to do(指动作尚未发生) Go on to do(接着做另外一件事) remember/forget/regret doing(指动作已经发Go on doing(接着做同一件事) 生) try to do(设法,努力去做,尽力) try doing(试试去做,看有何结果) Mean to do(打算做,企图做) Mean doing (意识是,意味着) can’t help to do(不能帮忙做) can’t help doing(忍不住要做) (有些动词后面只能用Ving 做宾语,有些只能用不定式做宾语,有些两者皆可。必须弄清以下常
考词的搭配、意义及区别) A:不定式做宾语
练习(解题技巧:记忆动词搭配, 做题事半功倍):
1 To tell you the truth, I’d rather read than watch television; the programs seem _____ all the time. A. to get worse B. to be getting worse C. to have got worse D. getting worse 2 I don't know whether you happen ______ it , but I'm going to study in the U.S.A. this September. A. to be heard B. to be hearing C. to hear D. to have heard 3. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears ______ everything.
A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told
非谓语动词 2
4 Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ______ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen 5 When his father came back, the boy pretended ________his homework.
A doing B to do C to doing D to be doing
1-5 BDDBD
B 动名词 做宾语
练习:
1 . I am busy _____ for the entrance examination, so I can’t help _____ housework at home. A. preparing; doing B. preparing; to do C. to prepare; doing D. to prepare; to do 2 Whatever trouble Mr. White had ____ with the case, he would stick to his own opinion. A. deal B. to deal C. dealt D. dealing 3 The woman found it no good _____ her daughter too much money.
A. giving B. being given C. given D. gave
4 Rather than ___ on a crowded bus ,he always perfers ___ a bicycle. A ride ;ride B riding ; ride C ride ; to ride D to ride ; riding 5 Tony was very unhappy for ______ to the party. A. having not been invited B. not having invited
C. having not invited D. not having been invited 6 One learns a language by making mistakes and ______ them. A. correct B. correcting C. corrects D. to correct
7 I really appreciate ______ to relax with you on this nice island. A. to have had time B. have time C. to have time D. having time 8 Sandy could do nothing but ______ teacher that he was wrong. A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit
9 Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to ______ some schools for poor children. A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up
10 In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are striving ______ their products more competitive.
A. to make B. making C. to have made D. having made)
11 Victor apologized for ______ to inform me of the change in the plan.
A. his being not able B. him not to be able C. his not being able D. him to be not able 12 The first thing that probably needs _____is to ask your mother’s advice. A to do B to be done C being done D be done 13 I had no choice but ________.
A do as you tell me B to do as you told me C to do what you’ll say D doing as you say
14 Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to ______ since the flood hit the area last Friday.
非谓语动词 3
A have been missing B have got lost C be missing D get lost 15 They look forward with hope ________ a chance to receive further education.
A of getting B to get C to getting D in getting 1-5 BDACD 6-10BDABA 11-15CBBAC
III.非谓语动词做宾语补足语的区别: 常见动词 与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念 例句 I heard him call me several times. 不定式 ask, beg, expect, get, order, 主谓关系。强调动作将发生或已经完成。 tell, want, wish, encourage have, notice, see, watch, hear, feel, let, make notice, see, watch, hear, 主谓关系。强调动作正在进行,尚未完成 find, keep, have, feel 动宾关系。动作已经完成,过去分词 多强调状态 现在分词 I found her listening to the radio. We found the village greatly changed. 练习:(解题技巧: 记固定搭配,辩逻辑关系)
A 固定句型sb/sth be said/believed/ reported/ considered/ thought to do /to be doing /to have done 要分
清 练习:
1 Linda is thought to_____ in Africa, but I really don’t know what country she’s working in.
A. have worked B. work C. be working D. be worked
2 Robert is said _____ abroad ,but I don’t know what country he studied in.
A to have studied B to study C to be studying D to have been studying
3 The flu is believed ______ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.
A. causing B. being caused C. to be caused D. to have caused 4 John Bell was generally considered ________ the first telephone.
A inventing B to invent C having invented D to have invented 1-4 CACD .B 弄清以下搭配及其意义
1. 感官动词see, watch, observe, hear, listen to, notice等后面的宾补有3种形式(do/doing/done),
doing表主动或正在进行,done表被动或完成,do表主动和完成(被动句中to 还原)。 2. leave后接3种形式做宾补。leave sb to do sth/ leave sth to be done,
leave sb doing sth,
leave sth undone
非谓语动词 4
3.have, get, make后接3种形式,表示“使,让,叫” have sb do/ doing have sth to do have sth done get sb to do sth get sth done make sb do sth
4.with复合结构,to do表示动作未发生(主动或被动),doing表示主动,正在进行的动作,done表示被动和完成的动作。
e.g. He left, leaving me to to all the rest work. (主动,将来) We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems to be settled。(被动,将来)
It’s wrong of you to leave the machine running. (主动,正在进行) The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didn’t taste delicious.(被动,完成)
总的原则:分析作宾补的动词与逻辑主语即句子宾语之间的逻辑关系,再结合动作发生的时间(未发生、正在发生或已经发生)来选择合适的形式。
1 Don't leave the water ______ while you brush your teeth. A. run B. running C. being run D. to run
2 My advisor encouraged ______ a summer course to improve my writing skills. A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take 3 Helen had to shout ______ above the sound of the music.
A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard 4 Laws that punish parents for their little children's actions against the laws get parents ______. A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry
5 The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ______ as the plane was making a landing. A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating 6 He looked around and caught a man ______ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting 7 A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ______ in the kitchen.
A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked 8The ______ boy was last seen ______ near the East Lake.
A. missing; playing B. missing; play C. missed; played D. missed; to play 9 The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ___ the next year. A carry out B carrying out C carried out D to carry out 10 The result of the election was not made _____until last Friday.
A knowing B known C to know D to be known 11 The terrible gunshot sent people ____ in all directions from the villagers. A to run B running C to walk D flying
非谓语动词 5
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