如何提高学生的高中英语写作能力-学生版

如何提高学生的高中英语写作能力?

高考英语作文评分标准

1. 本题总分为

30

分，按

5

个档次给分。

1-6;7-12;13-18;19-24;25-30

2. 评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。 3. 词数少于100和多于120的，从总分中减去2分。 4. 评分时，应注意的主要内容为：内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性、上下文的连贯性及语言的得体性。 5. 拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写词汇用法均可接受。 6. 如书写较差，以至影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。 7. 内容要点可用不同方式表达，对紧扣主题的适当发挥不予扣分。

主要内容：

内容要点----------------------------覆盖所有内容要点

词汇和语法的数量和准确性-------应用了较多的语法结构和词汇

状语从句；并列句；定语从句；名词从句，倒装句；被动语句；非谓语动词；it 特殊句型；it强调句

上下文的连贯----------------------有效地使用了语句间的连接成分

语言的得体性。---------语言地道、规范

各档次的给分范围和要求 第五档(很好)；(25-30分)

1. 完全完成了试题规定的任务。 2. 覆盖所有内容要点。

3. 应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。

4. 语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致；具备较强的语言运用能力。 5. 有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。 6. 完全达到了预期的写作目的。 第四档(好)：(19--24分) 1. 完成了试题规定的任务。

2. 虽漏掉一、两个次重点，但覆盖所有主要内容。 3. 应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。

4. 语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确，些许错误主要是因尝试较复杂语法结构或词汇所致。

5. 应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。 6. 达到了预期的写作目的。 第三档(适当)：(11-15分)

1. 基本完成了试题规定的任务。

2. 虽漏掉一些内容，但覆盖所有主要内容。 3. 应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。

4. 有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，但不影响理解。 5. 应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文内容连贯。 6. 基本达到了预期的写作目的。

重要语法简述

1.含有“It is ?”的句型 （1）It is time (for sb.) to do sth.

（2）It is + 形容词/名词（+of / for sb.）+ to do sth.

通常用 of的词有brave、clever、careful、hopeless、kind、good、naughty、nice、silly、stupid、foolish、wise等。

通常用for的词wonderful、good、proper、wrong、、important、necessary、useless、likely、probable、impossible等。 It is important for you to have a good knowledge of English It is kind of you to help me learn English

It is a good idea for you to send your mother a bunch of flowers as a present

（4）It is no use/ good + doing sth.

It is no use trying again = It is of no use to try again. （5）It is said that…

It is reported that… It is believed that …

It is announced that… It is (well) known that…

It is well known that China is famous for the Great Wall It is believed that our city is becoming more and more beautiful It is clear that our life will become better and better （8）It is /was/will be the first/second/third … time that … It is the first time that I have been here. It was the second time that he had seen the film. 2．形式宾语：

动词有think, make, find, consider, feel + it 形容词/名词 +不定式/动名词/that 从句作宾语，等如：

Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.

The fisherman made it a rule that he never cast his net more than four times a day

Some students feel it difficult to learn English well

We think it necessary reading aloud every morning to improve our English. 3. 强调it：

用“It is / was ＋ 被强调部分 ＋ that / who＋其它”的句型。如： I met an old friend in the street last week.

It was I who met an old friend in the street last week. (强调主语) It was an old friend that I met in the street last week.(强调宾语)

It was in the street that I met an old friend last week.(强调地点状语 It was last week that I met an old friend in the street.(强调时间状语 注意：１）一般强调时间不能用when, 强调地点不用where； ２）强调谓语用下列方式：

I did meet an old friend in the street last week. /

What I did last week was (to) meet an old friend in the street.

主语从句

状语从句

表示时间when, while, as, before, after, once, till, until, since, as soon as, now that, hardly…when, scarcely…when, no sooner…than, every time, each time, next time,

When you come to China next time, please help me bring some books about management

表原因because(因为), since(既然),now (that) (既然), considering that(顾及到), seeing that(由于)。

Why don’t you join our school English club since/now that you hope to improve your English?

表结果so…that，so that，such…that，with the result that等。 Ms. Li is such a kind teacher that all of us are fond of her

表示条件if(如果),unless(除非), in case(万一), so /as long as(只要), as/ so far as(就……而言), on condition that(条件是) Call the police for help in case you get lost in a strange place 表让步although, though, as, even if, even though, while, whether…or, whoever, whatever, however, no matter+疑问词等。 Even though I arrived at school late, I thought it was worthwhile

名词性从句

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses)。

名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 引导名词性从句的连词可分为三类：

①that(不充当从句的任何成分，无词义。只起连接作用，因此往往可以省略。)

whether, if(不充当从句的任何成分，均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性。不可以省略。)

I would like to know whether you can come to my party this Sunday in my house. It will be held at 9 am.

as if, as though(均表示“好像”，“似乎”)

②what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which

when, where, how, why

My mother’s words gave me much courage What my mother told me gave me much courage I will call and tell you the time

I will call and tell you when we will have the party We need time What we need is time

定语从句

由一个句子作定语，修饰句中一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰整个句子或句中的部分内容，这样的从句就是定语从句，被其修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。

2.关系词分为关系代词和关系副词，其作用代替其所修饰的先行词，在句中充当某个句子成分。

关系词的分类和基本用法 表一

分类 关系代词 关系副词 指代 人 事物 人或物（表所属关系） 地点 引导词 who, whom, that, as which, that, as whose where 时间 原因 when why Ms. Wang is a kind teacher , who has been working at school for more than ten years.

Last night it was my father’s birthday. I gave him a brand-new watch as his present. It made him very happy. And---- Because--- Which/that---

倒装句

“倒装句”主要指的是谓语语序的倒装,当然也有宾语和表语

语序的倒装。将谓语的一部分提到主语之前叫部分倒装;将谓语的全部提到主语之前叫全部倒装。 (一)部分倒装

部分倒装是把be动词、情态动词、助动词放到主语之前。如果句子中没有这些词,要在主语之前加助动词do / does /did等,而把原来的谓语动词变成原形放在主语之后。部分倒装主要有以下几种情况:

1.句首状语为否定词或半否定词的句子。

这类词或短语主要有never, neither, nor, little, seldom, ,hardly, scarcely, no sooner, not only, in no way, at no time, few, not, no等,

I have never found him so happy. I will never forget her/ your help he cares little about what I said.

He had hardly/scarcely gone to bed when he fell asleep “Not only + 分句,but also + 分句”句型中的前一分句要部分倒装。

Not only does John love Chinese, he is also good at speaking it. Not until放在句首,从句不倒装,主句倒装。

They didn’t find the lost bike until last week . (简单句) He didn’t realize the importance of him until my son had entered the university

2.only + 状语放在句首,要部分倒装。

he was able to get happily back to work Only when the war was over in 1918

you can make progress in your English Only in this way 3.so或so引导的短语放在句首,要部分倒装。 I saw the film, so did she.

he spoke So loudly that even people in the next room could hear him.

4.as引导的让步状语从句

Proud as these nobles are, he’s afraid to see me. Tired as he was, he kept on running. (二)全部倒装

表示地点的副词和介词短语放句首，谓语提前，名词在后 全部倒装有以下几种情况:

1.There be结构。另外,在此结构中可以用来代替be动词的动词有:exist, seem, happen, appear, live, rise, stand等。 There are two tall teaching buildings in the middle of my school. We have class in the two buildings.

表示地点的介词短语 (如on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house, in the middle of the room等)放在句首时,要全部倒装。 In front of the classroom is a playground.

They arrived at a house. In front of the house stood An old man 尽量用一两个被动句子

考生在写作中很少使用被动语态，几乎整篇文章都使用主动语态。其实在英文中，被动语态的使用是很重要的。英语中经常用物称或形式主语开头，强调一件事发生在什么人身上，所以使用被动语态符合英语的习惯，如果能将整个文章中两个句子变成被动语态，就会呈现句型的变化，使整个文章句型丰富。 我们每次可以借五本书最多借十天时，都是用： We can borrow five books at most at a time, and we can keep them for ten days.这句话如果写成被动语态分数会更高 --

He told me to return the book to you when you came here 如何让高考英语作文得高分？

? 近几年要求“使用较多语法结构和词汇”，因此要想得高分，除了要点和语言准确度以外，还必须在较复杂的句子结构或较高级的词汇上有所表现。

? 句式单一，缺乏生气的文章，哪怕无任何错误也不可能得高分，相反“有些错误，但是为了使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致”，给分档次仍在最高档(21～25分) 阅卷教师喜欢什么样的作文 ? 字体工整，卷面干净； ? 紧扣主题，条理清晰； ? 语言地道，过渡自然； ? 长度适中，一气呵成。

句子的结构

一、简单句:

She arrived quite early. She may have arrived now. 二、并列句：

We love peace but we are not afraid of war. Hurry up, or it’s getting late. 三、复合句：

There is something wrong in what he said.

That’s exactly what I am planning to do. 一句多译

他们努力去完成这项任务。

? They tried their best to finish the work. (简单句) ? They did their best to finish the work. (简单句) ? They attempted to finish the work. (简单句)

? They did what they could to finish the work. (复合句) ? They did everything/all they could to finish the work. (复合句)

他太累了，不能继续前进。

? He was too tired to walk any farther. (简单句)

? He was so tired that he couldn’t walk any farther. (复合句) ? He was too tired, so he couldn’t walk any farther. (并列句) ? Since he was too tired, he couldn’t walk any farther. (复合句) 句子扩展

1．由简单句扩展成并列句

Tom is our monitor now. He came to our school last year.

→ Tom came to our school last year and he is our monitor now. (把意义松散的两个句子合为一体，句意连贯性更强了)

→ Tom came to our school last year; he is our monitor now. (通过标点符号也能达到异曲同工之效)

2．由简单句扩展成复合句

例如：The meeting came to an end. 我们试加一个定语从句：

The meeting that they held in our classroom came to an end.

我们试加一个状语从句：

When we arrived, the meeting came to an end.

或：The meeting came to an end though it was still early. 或： Before I could speak anything, the meeting came to an end.

运用连词或介词，提高文章的连贯性 并列：and, as well as, also, both…and等； 选择：or, either…or, neither...nor, otherwise 等；

原因：because, for, as, since, owing to, due to 等； 结果：so, therefore, thus, as a result 等；

时间：when, before, later, first, and then, next 等； 比较：on the contrary, for another thing 等 转折：but, yet, however, although, in spite of 等； 递进：besides, even, what’s more, in addition等； 举例：for example, such as, like, namely 等 总结：in short, in general, in a word, to sum up等。 例如：

Tom saw a bird. The bird was wounded. He took the bird to the zoo. The workers in the zoo praised him. He arrived home late. He was happy.

→Tom saw a wounded bird, so he took it to the zoo. The workers who knew the story in the zoo praised him. Though he came home late, he was happy.

三段式作文法

------应用于议论文或记叙文

．第一段开门见山，提出要解决的问题或观点，或者把时间、地点、人物和主要事件及时点出。

2．第二段要摆出事实或提出论据，或者把事情发展的经过详细写出来。

3．最后一段，得出结论或理由。

§书面表达§（满分30分）

当前不少文学作品被改编成电影。有人选择看电影，有人则喜欢读原著。请你以 “Film or book, which do you prefer?” 为题，按照下列要点写一篇英语短文：

1. 看电影：省时、有趣、易懂； 2. 读原著：细节更多、语言优美； 3. 我的看法及理由。

注意：1. 词数100~120，文章题目和开头已给出； 2. 参考词汇：original work或book in the original

十句作文法

? 第一段为开头，包括两句。

第一句为主题句，点明全文主题；第二句为扩展句，进一步说明和支持主题句。两者关系也可倒过来，由第一句说明情况，第二句点明主题。 ? 第二段为正文，共七句。

第三句为主题句，提出本段的主题，它应与第一段的主题相关或一致。第四至九句为扩展句，说明和支持本段的主题。句与句之间要注意好过渡，以使段落逻辑合理，结构得当。 ? 第三段为结尾，简化为一句，也是全文的总结句（第十句），它将前面的内容总结为一个结果，表明自己的论点。 写作指导

电视在人们的日常生活中占有很重要的地位，电视传播不断深层次地影响着每一个人。请以“Television” 为题，写一篇有关其所带来的积极影响的英语短文。

分析思考

1. 这篇书面表达的中心思想是电视所带来的积极影响。 2. 电视对现代生活的影响是多方面的，考生不要试图面面俱到，如果涉及面太多，文章反而显得松散。我们只需选择几个方面进行写作，可用举例的方法合理安排语言材料。

Television

Television presents a vivid world in front of us.1(主题句) Through TV, we can learn what is happening half way across the world. 2(扩展句)

Television also plays an important educational role in our daily life.3(主题句) For one thing, the TV university provides an opportunity for people who can not go to formal university.4(扩展句) For another, children can broaden their scope of knowledge by watching popular programs. 5(扩展句) Besides, women can learn about the latest fashion of dresses and the best recipe for making fruit cakes.6(扩展句) Furthermore, we can learn many world advanced technologies from TV programs. 7(扩展句) And also we can learn singing, dancing and doing physical exercise in some special TV training courses.8(扩展句)In short, the effect of TV’s educational role is becoming more and more obvious.9(扩展句)

Having viewed these aspects, and with many more TV programs produced, I believe that our life will become even more significant. 10(总结句)

英语写作教学小结及注意事项

1. 注意审清题目要求 2. 注意用合理的体裁、题材 3. 注意正确使用人称、时态和语态 4. 注意掌握中心要点，以防遗漏

5. 注意正确合理地使用词汇与句型，防止表达的单一性 6. 注意语言表达地道，防止汉式英语

7. 注意大小写、标点符号和单词拼写，防止发生低级错误 8. 注意文章的检查与修改，注意连贯，学会分段 9. 注意文章的卷面干净与整体布局，争取印象分 写作实例

(2010 全国Ⅱ) 假设你是李华，你的美国笔友Peter曾表示希望来中国教书。你校现需招聘外教，请给他写封信，告诉招聘信息。内容主要包括：

1．教授课程：英语口语、英语写作、今日美国、今日英国 2．授课对象：高中生（至少三年英语基础） 3．工作量：—每周12学时，任选三门课

—担任学生英语俱乐部或英语校报顾问（advisor） 注意：

1．词数100左右；

2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3．开头语已为你写好，请将完整的回信写出来。 Dear Peter,

I remember you told me you were interested in teaching in China.

________________________________________________________

Best,

Li hua

写作技巧点拨

1、提纲式作文为半开放型写作。

2、要点均为4—5个（多为4+1个要点），要点提示比较简洁，考生 111有发散思维的空间；

3、英语作文多为三段式：

1para.——Topic sentence ( main idea, writer’s attitude)

2nd para.——Body (different points) 3rd para.——Ending(writer’s own idea)

4、好的连词与表达法的使用，尽量使每一个句子涵盖一个语言点

提炼文章要点

理解每个要点的含义，然后讨论每个要点的正确表达方式。 形成文章。 Dear Peter,

I remember you told me you were interested in teaching in China. ①Our school is looking for a native-speaker to teach some courses to senior high students.

②If you’d like to come, you can choose three of the following four courses: Speaking, Writing, Britain Today and America Today, and teach 12 periods a week. ③The students who are going to take these courses have at least three years of English learning experiences. ④Besides teaching, you will also work as an advisor for our students’ English club or our school’s English newspaper.

⑤Please let me know if you are interested and if you have any other decisions.

Best,

Li hua

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