上海市嘉定区2018届高三下学期教学质量调研（二模）英语试题（无听力）

2018嘉定区高考英语二模

2018.4

II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A

Stephen Hawking: Science’s Brightest Star

His family released a statement in the early hours of Wednesday morning confirming his death at his home in Cambridge. Hawking’s children, Lucy, Robert and Tim, said in a statement: “We are deeply saddened that our beloved father passed away today. He was a great scientist and an extraordinary man (21)______ work and legacy will live on for many years.” For fellow scientists and loved ones, it was Hawking’s intuition and wicked sense of humor (22)______ marked him out as much as the fierce intellect that, coupled with his illness, came to symbolize (23)______ unbounded possibilities of the human mind. Hawking was driven to Wagner, but not the bottle, when he (24)______ (diagnose) with motor neurone disease in 1963 at the age of 21. Doctors expected him (25)______ (live) for only two more years. But Hawking had a form of the disease that progressed more slowly than usual. He survived for more than half a century. Hawking once estimated he worked only 1,000 hours during his three undergraduate years at Oxford. In his finals, he came close (26)______ a first- and second-class degree. (27)______ (convince) that he was seen as a difficult student, he told his examiners that if they gave him a first he would move to Cambridge to pursue his phD. Award a second and he threatened to stay. They opted for a first. Those who live in the shadow of death are often those who live most. For Hawking, the early diagnosis of his terminal disease, and (28)______ (witness) the death from leukemia of a boy he knew in hospital, aroused a fresh sense of purpose. “(29)______ there was a cloud hanging over my future, I found, to my surprise, that I was enjoying life in the present more than before. I began to make progress with my research,” he once said. Taking up his career in earnest, he declared: “My goal is simple. It is a complete understanding of the universe, why it is (30)______ it is and why it exists at all.”

Section B A. analysis B. usually C. assures D. pours E. development F. necessary G. cloudy H. absent I. cultivate J. allow K. extremely He is kindly

The other evening at a dancing club a young man introduced me to Mr. and Mrs. F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Scott seemed to have changed a lot from the first time I met him at Princeton, when he was an eager undergraduate trying his best to __31__ himself into a great author. He is still trying hard to be a great author. He is at work now on a novel which his wife __32__ me is far better than This Side of Paradise, but like most of our younger novelists he finds it __33__ to produce a certain number of short stories to make the wheels go around. That The Vegetable, his play, did not receive a Manhattan presentation seems to have disappointed rather than discouraged him. He is still __34__ light-hearted. I have always considered him the most brilliant of our younger novelists. Not one of them can tough his style, nor the superb quality of his satire(讽刺). He has yet to put them in a novel with carefulness of

conception and __35__ of character. He can become almost any kind of writer that his peculiarly restless character will __36__. Born in St. Paul, he attended Princeton, served in the Army, wrote his first novel in a training camp, achieved fame and fortune, married a Southern girl, has a child and lives in New York. At heart, he is one of the kindliest of the younger writers. Artistry means a great deal to F. Scott Fizgerald, and into his own best work he __37__ great efforts. He demands this in the work of others, and when he does not find it he criticizes with passionate earnestness. I have known him, after reading a young fellow-novelist’s book, to take what must have been hours of time to write him a lengthy, careful __38__. Just what he will write in the future remains __39__. With a firmer reputation than that of the other young people, he yet seems to me to have achieved rather less than Robert Nathan and rather more than Stephen Vincent Benet, Cyril Hume. His coming novel should mean a definite prediction for future work. It is to be hoped that from it will be __40__ the seemingly unavoidable modern girls.

III. Reading Comprehension Section A

Standards for Schools: Developing Organizational Accountability(绩效)

Quality teaching depends on not just teacher’s knowledge and skills but on the environment in which they work. Schools need to offer a coherent curriculum focused on higher-order thinking and performance across subject areas and grades, time for teachers to work __41__ with students to accomplish challenging goals, opportunities for teachers to plan with and learn from one another, and regular occasions to evaluate the outcomes of their __42__. If schools are to become more responsible, they must, like other professional organizations, make evaluation and assessment part of their everyday lives. Just as hospitals have standing committees of staff that meet regularly to look at evaluation data and discuss the __43__ of each aspect of their work – a practice reinforced by their accreditation(评定) requirements, - schools must have regular occasions to examine their practice and effectiveness. As Richard Rothstein and colleagues describe in Grading Education: Getting Accountability Right, school-level accountability can be supported by school __44__, like those common in many other nations, in which trained experts evaluate schools by spending several days visiting classrooms, __45__ samples of student work, and interviewing students about their understanding and their experiences, __46__ looking at objective data such as test scores, graduation rates, and so on. In some cases, principals accompany the inspectors into classrooms and are asked for their own evaluations of the lessons. In this way, the inspectors are able to make __47__ about the instructional and supervisory competence(能力) for principals. As described earlier, inspectors may also play a role in ensuring the __48__ and comparability of school-based assessments (as in England and Australia), as well as school’s internal assessment and evaluation process (as in Hong Kong). In most countries’ inspection systems, schools are rated on the quality of instruction and other services and supports, as well as students’ __49__ and progress on a wide range of aspects, including and going beyond academic subject areas, such as extra-curricular, personal and social __50__, the acquisition of workplace skills and the __51__ to which students are encouraged to adopt safe practices and a __52__ lifestyle. Schools are rated as to whether they pass inspection, need modest improvements, or require serious intervention(介入), and they receive extensive feedback on what the inspectors both saw and __53__. Reports are publicly posted. Schools requiring intervention are then given more expert __54__ and support, and are placed on a more frequent schedule of visits. Those that persistently fail to pass may be

placed under local government control and could be __55__ if they are not improved.

41. A. occasionally B. closely C. strictly D. peacefully 42. A. challenges B. competence C. curriculum D. practices 43. A. effectiveness B. faults C. progress D. requirements 44. A. instruction B. protection C. inspection D. consideration 45. A. taking B. improving C. examining D. copying 46. A. as far as B. rather than C. other than D. as well as 47. A. judgments B. decisions C. inquiries D. suggestions 48. A. quantity B. quality C. instruction D. support 49. A. education B. performance C. attention D. interest 50. A. responsibility B. structure C. resources D. benefits 51. A. frequency B. consistence C. satisfaction D. extent 52. A. comparable B. healthy C. different D. unique 53. A. appreciated B. criticized C. recommended D. rewarded 54. A. attention B. programs C. evaluation D. explanations 55. A. set down B. put down C. closed down D. pulled down

Section B

(A)

Eye Scan Technology Comes to Schools

ABC News: Parents who want to pick up their kids at school in one New Jersey district now can submit to iris(虹膜) scans, as the technology that helps keep our nation’s airports and hotels safe begins to make its way further into American lives.

The Freehold Borough School District launched this

When picking up a child, high-tech security system on Monday with funding from the

the adult provides a driver’s Department of Justice as part of a study on the system’s effectiveness.

license and then submits to an As many as four adults can be authorized to pick up each

eye scan. If the iris image child in the district, but in order to be authorized to come into school,

camera recognizes his or her they will be asked to register with the district’s iris recognition

eyes, the door clicks open. security and visitor management system. At this point, the New

Jersey program is not a must. If someone tries to slip in behind an authorized person, the system causes an alarm and red flashing lights in the front office. The entire process takes just seconds. This kind of technology is already at work in airports around the country like Orlando International Airport, where the program has been in operation since July. It has 12,000 subscribers who pay $79.95 for the convenience of submitting to iris scans rather than going through lengthy security checks. An iris scan is said to be more accurate than a fingerprint because it records 240 unique details—far more than the seven to twenty-four details that are analyzed in fingerprints. The chances of being misidentified by an iris scan are about one in 1.2 million and just one in 1.44 trillion if you scan both eyes. Phil Meara, the Freehold District official, said that although it was expensive, the program would help schools across the country move into a new frontier in child protection. “This is all part of a larger emphasis, here in New Jersey, on school safety,” he said. “We chose this school because we were looking for a typical slightly urban school to launch the system.”

Meara applied for a $369,000 grant on behalf of the school district and had the eye scanners installed in two grammar schools and one middle school. So far, 300 of the nearly 1,500 individuals available to pick up a student from school have registered for the eye scan system.

56. Why does the Freehold Borough School District adopt the eye scan security system? A. To ensure the school safety and efficiency of picking up children. B. To encourage more students to register in New Jersey urban schools. C. To test the effectiveness of school security and management system. D. To collect the information of the children and their beloved parents. 57. What makes the eye san system more accurate than the fingerprint system? A. Processing the data of the authorized people faster. B. Identifying the data of the adults to pick up children. C. Submitting the data of the authorized people conveniently. D. Providing far more unique details of the authorized ones. 58. How does Phil Meara help to protect the safety of children? A. By asking people to register with the security system. B. By applying for grant to install eye scanners in schools. C. By asking the department of justice to fund this program. D. By turning to Orlando International Airport for help. 59. The eye scan system can be best described as ______. A. safe and cheap B. portable and useful C. smart and accurate D. popular and helpful

(B)

Senior Manager Major Gift Fundraising & Special Projects

Blind Veterans UK is the national charity helping blind ex-service men and women lead independent and fulfilling lives. We offer blind veterans access to the highest quality of services to help them discover life beyond sight loss. We have an exciting opportunity for an innovative and resourceful individual to join our Partnerships team based at our headquarters in London. The team focuses on securing donations from HNWIs, Trusts and Companies. This role focuses on securing support from HNWIs. The special projects aspect of the role relates to annual activities that offer an opportunity to develop relationships with the target audience.

We are looking for an experienced individual with a sound track record in the following areas: ? Identifying prospects with the capacity and tendency to support ? Developing and implementing cultivation and marketing strategies ? Managing a document of current as well as prospective major donors

? Planning and driving peer to peer fundraising ? Organizing promotion events

? Delivering against a personal target and team targets

The successful candidate will also have some people management experience and an expert in major gift fundraising processes will be considered as priority.

In return for your talent, we offer competitive conditions of service and a conducive environment. To apply, please send your up to date CV and Supporting Statement of not more than 500 words to Recruitment.Ldn@blindveterans.org.uk, outlining how your skills and experience meet the person specification.

Interview date: Week starting from 26 March 2018

Please note only applicants who submit a CV with a supporting statement will be considered. Due to the high number of enquiries and applications we receive for our vacancies we don’t acknowledge each one – if you haven’t heard from us within a week of the closing date, please assume that we won’t be inviting you for an interview. You are, of course, welcome to try again if a suitable post comes up. We are unable to provide feedback to candidates not shortlisted for interview.

60. The passage is mainly written to ______. A. invite people to join the fundraising events B. seek the right person to be Senior Manager C. inform the blind veterans of money service D. attract the interest of potential donors 61. According to the passage, which of the following statement is TRUE? A. The application fails if one isn’t informed before 26 March. B. The application should include a lengthy personal statement. C. All the applicants will receive an invitation before interview. D. The applicants should send his application when he is free. 62. What experience is most likely to help a candidate stand out? A. People management experience. B. Annul activities experience. C. Peer to peer fundraising experience. D. Large-scale fundraising experience.

(C)

As businesses and governments have struggled to understand the so-called millennials—born between roughly 1980 and 2000—one frequent conclusion has been that they have a unique love of cities. A deep-seated preference for night life and subways, the thinking goes, has driven the prosperity of urban cores across the U.S. over the last decade-plus. But there’s mounting evidence that millennials’ love of cities was only a passing fling(放纵). Millennials don’t love cities any more than previous generations. The latest argument comes from Dowell Myers, an urban planning professor at USC. As they age, says Myers, millennials’ presence in cities, will “be evaporating…through our fingers, if we don’t make some plans now.” That’s because millennials’ preference for cities will fade as they start families and become more established in their careers. It’s about more than aging, though. Demographer William Frey has been arguing for years that millennials have become ‘stuck’ in cities by the 2008 downturn and the following slow recovery, with poor job prospects and declining wages making it harder for them to afford to buy homes in suburbia.

Myers, too, says observers have confused young people’s presence in cities with a preference for cities. Survey data shows that more millennials would like to be living in the suburbs than actually are. But the

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