2016新课标创新人教英语 选修六 Unit 5 Section 3

[语法初识]

原句感知 ①Seeing from the top of the hill, I could see a beautiful city. ②Not having finished his homework, the boy (1)①、②句中的现在分词短语在句中作时间状语。 was not allowed to watch TV play. ③Being tired, I stopped to take a rest. (2)句②和句⑥中的现在分词短语使用完成④He sent me an e-mail, hoping to get further 时，原因是分词短语所表示的动作先于句子information. ⑤Turning to the left, you will find the school. 的谓语动作发生。 (3)③、④、⑤、⑥、⑧句中的现在分词短语自主探究 ⑥Having been told many times, he still made 分别在句中作原因状语；伴随情况或方式状the same mistake. 语；条件状语；让步状语；结果状语。 ⑦Though he had been told many times, he (4)比较⑥、⑦句，分词短语与状语从句的最still made the same mistake. ⑧It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in the area. [语法剖析]

语法点一 动词-ing形式的语态及意义 大区别是句中是否有连词。 版权所有:中国好课堂www.zghkt.cn

Hearing the news, they immediately set off. 听到这个消息，他们立即出发了。

Having written a letter, I listened to music for a while. 写完信后，我听了一会儿音乐。

Having been invited to the party, Tom was very happy. 被邀请参加聚会，汤姆很高兴。

语法点二

分词的否定形式是在分词(短语)前面加上not，never等否定词构成。 Not fearing the fire, the child touched and got a finger burnt. 小孩儿不知道怕火，用手去摸，把手指烫了。

即时演练1 单句语法填空

①He sat at the desk, reading (read) a newspaper. ②Following (follow) him, we started to climb.

③Havingbeentold (tell) the answer several times, he still couldn't answer the question. ④Nothavingreceived (not receive) my mother's letter, I wrote to her again. ⑤Beingasked (ask) to give a performance, they are busy preparing for it.

语法点三

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动词-ing形式的否定式 动词-ing 形式作状语

动词的-ing形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。 1．时间状语

动词-ing形式作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，所表示的动作与主句的动作一般是同时发生，有时可由连词when, while引出。

Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些画，她想起了她的童年。

When reading the newspaper, I heard the doorbell ring. 看报纸时我听见门铃响了。 2．原因状语

可以与as/since/because等引导的原因状语从句互换。

Not knowing how to solve the problem (＝Because he didn't know how to solve the problem), he turned to his father for help.

因为不知道怎么解决这个问题，他向父亲求助。 Being ill (＝Because he was ill), he was sent to hospital. 由于生病，他被送往医院。 3．条件状语

可以与if/unless等引导的条件状语从句或“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”转换。 Using your head, you'll have a good idea. ＝If you use your head, you'll have a good idea. ＝Use your head and you'll have a good idea. 如果你动动脑筋，你就会想出好办法来。 4．伴随状语

不可以转换成从句，但可以转换成并列句。 He sent me an e-mail, hoping to get further information.

＝ He sent me an e-mail, and (he) hoped to get further information. 他给我发了封电子邮件，希望得到更多的消息。 5．结果状语

可以与so ... that ...引导的结果状语从句相互转换，有时也可以转换成非限制性定语从句。 The train was caught in heavy snow, thus causing the delay. ＝ The train was caught in heavy snow, which caused the delay. 火车遇上了大雪，因此造成了耽搁。 6．方式状语

Travelling by car, we visited many places. 我们乘车游览了许多地方。 7．让步状语

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可以与though/even though引导的让步状语从句互换。

Admitting what she said (＝Although I admit what she said), I still think she hasn't tried her best.

尽管承认她所说的话，但我仍然认为她没有尽最大的努力。

即时演练2 句型转换

①When they heard their teacher's voice, the pupils stopped talking at once. →Hearingtheirteacher'svoice, the pupils stopped talking at once. ②Because he was ill, he didn't go to school. →Beingill, he didn't go to school.

③If you take the path that leads out of the town, you will come to a lake. →Takingthepath that leads out of the town, you will come to a lake.

④European football is played in 80 countries, making it the most popular sport in the world. →European football is played in 80 countries, whichmakes it the most popular sport in the world.

⑤Although they knew all this, they made me pay for the damage. →Knowingallthis, they made me pay for the damage. ⑥She came into the house, and carried a lot of books. →She came into the house, carrying a lot of books.

语法点四

1．逻辑主语

动词-ing形式作状语，其逻辑主语一般就是句子的主语，它们之间是一种逻辑上的主谓关系。

Being ill, he didn't attend the meeting.

因为生病，他没有出席会议。(he与being ill之间是逻辑上的主谓关系→He was ill.) 2．独立主格结构

有时现在分词有自己的逻辑主语，这时其逻辑主语相对于句子的主语来说是独立的，因此又叫独立主格结构，构成形式是“名词/代词＋v.-ing”。

She being ill, her mother had to look after her at home. 她生病了，母亲不得不在家照顾她。

The professor being absent, the lecture had to be put off.

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动词-ing形式作状语的注意事项

教授缺席了，演讲不得不推迟。

Time permitting, we will answer your questions after the discussion. 如果时间允许的话，讨论之后我们会回答你的问题。 3．独立成分作状语

有些动词-ing形式作状语在句中没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，表明说话者的态度、观点等，被称为评论性状语。常见的有：

generally speaking 一般说来 strictly speaking严格说来 judging from/by 根据??来判断 considering .../taking ... into consideration 考虑到

supposing 假设；如果 providing 如果 assuming 假使 saving 除了；除非

Judging from/by her accent, she must come from Arabian countries. 听她的口音，她一定来自阿拉伯国家。 4．连词＋现在分词

由when/while/after/before/if/though/unless/as if等引导的状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，如果从句的谓语动词是主动语态，则可以省略从句的主语，而保留原连词，形成“连词＋现在分词”的结构形式。

Though lacking money (＝Though they lacked money), his parents managed to send him to university.

尽管他父母缺钱，但是他们还是设法把他送去上大学了。 即时演练3 3－1.单句改错

①Having been told many times, but he still didn't obey the rule. 去掉but ②Judged from what he said, he wasn't satisfied with my work.Judged→Judging ③The train having gone, so we had to wait another day.去掉so 3－2.句型转换

④If it is sunny, we'll go for a picnic tomorrow. →Itbeingsunny, we'll go for a picnic tomorrow. ⑤After I had finished my work, I went home. →Havingfinished my work, I went home.

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⑥Because Mr.Brown had not been invited to the party, he decided to treat himself to a movie.

→Nothavingbeeninvited to the party, Mr.Brown decided to treat himself to a movie.

[链接高考]

单句语法填空

1．(2015·天津高考)Havingworked (work) for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.

解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：工作了两天，史蒂夫如期完成了报告。分析句子可知是先工作了两天，才如期完成了报告，work这个动作先于主句动作发生，故用having done形式。

2．(2015·重庆高考)Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way using (use) the sun and the stars.

解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：像古代的水手一样，鸟儿能够利用太阳和星星来找到前行的方向。主语birds和动词use之间为主谓关系，故要用现在分词作方式状语。

3．(2014·福建高考)Havingspent (spend) the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age.

解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：琳达作为一名交换生已经在香港度过了一年，现在看起来比那些同龄人更成熟。spend这个动作发生在appear之前，Linda和spend之间又是主谓关系，故用现在分词的完成式。

4．(2014·江苏高考)The lecture havingbeengiven (give), a lively question-and-answer session followed.

解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：报告之后是一个活跃的问答环节。报告是被做的，且发生在问答之前，故使用having been done的形式。

[针对演练]

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．Havingeaten (eat) at the cafeteria before, Tina didn't want to eat there again. 2．An explosion happened in the mine, leaving (leave) twenty-two miners trapped. 3．Linda acts as if she were the boss, ordering (order) people around. 4．Havingbeenreminded (remind) not to miss the flight at 15：20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.

5．New house prices in major Chinese cities are continuing to rise, signalling (signal) a

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warming housing market.

6．Havingchatted (chat) for several hours, they came to realize that they had a lot in common. 7．More highways have been built in China, making (make) it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.

8．Hearing (hear) the cry for help, people immediately rushed out of the rooms. 9．Notmastering (not master) the way to study, I got a bad result. 10．Nothavingbeenrepaired (not repair) for a long time, the machine gave out a strange noise. Ⅱ.句型转换

1．When you are crossing the road, please be careful. →Whencrossing the road, please be careful.

2．Because I don't know his address, I can't write to him. →Notknowinghisaddress, I can't write to him.

3．Though I had made up my mind to study, I still wanted to play. →Havingmadeupmymind to study, I still wanted to play.

4．As he wasn't feeling well that morning, he went to see the doctor. →Notfeelingwellthatmorning, he went to see the doctor.

5．Four people entered the room and looked around in a curious way. →Four people entered the room, lookingaroundinacuriousway. Ⅲ.短文改错

Peter was a small boy. He lived in with his parents in a small house near some hills. People there were both poor. One night it was very dry and windy. When everybody was asleep, Peter sudden heard some noise. It came out from the kitchen. He got up and walking to the kitchen. He found that the wood besides the stove was burning. There was no water tap in the house, but he could not put out the fire. He shouts loudly to wake up everyone in the house. Then she ran out of his house and knocked at the doors of many houses to wake people up. They all left their house quickly. At last the fire was put out the firemen. Many houses were burnt. But nobody was burnt in the fire.

答案：第二句：去掉第一个in 第三句：both→all 第五句：sudden→suddenly 第七句：walking→walked 第八句：besides→beside 第九句：but→so 第十句：shouts→shouted 第十一句：she→he

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第十二句：house→houses 第十三句：out后加by

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