新牛津7A - 语法讲解及练习

7A 知识点归纳

一般现在时

一、定义与讲解

一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作或一般性事实。，也可表示现在的状态或主语具备的性格和能力。

通常与副词every day（每天），always（总是）,usually（通常）,often（经常）sometimes（有时）,等时间状语连用。

例：（1）表示事物或人物的特征、状态。

The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。

Mary’s father is an English teacher. 玛丽的爸爸是一名英语老师。

（2）表示经常性或习惯性的动作。

I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。 She plays sports every day. 她每天都做运动。

（3）表示客观现实。

The table has four legs.桌子有四条腿。

There are 50 students in my class. 我们班有50个学生。

（4）表示客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，等客观事实或格言谚语等。 The sun rises in the east every day.太阳每天从东方升起。

The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 （5）表示平日的喜好。

I like bananas. We don’t like vegetables. He likes ice cream. She doesn’t like strawberries.

二、只有主语在第三人称单数时用动词的“三单形式”，其他人称用动词原形。 动词三单形式的变化规则： 1.（1）多数直接在动词词尾加-s.

play — plays like — likes ask— asks work— works get— gets call— calls

（2）以字母s, x, ch, sh或o结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-es.

Watch — watches wish — wishes do — does go — goes （3）以―辅音字母加 - y‖结尾的动词，要先变y为i再加-es.

try — tries study — studies cry — cries fly — flies 2.不规则变化：be — is have — has 三、一般现在时的句子转换：

（1）变一般疑问句：当句子中有be动词或情态动词时，则把be动词或情态动词(can,could等)提到主语的前面，（口诀：一调二变三问号）;

（2）变否定句：在be动词或情态动词后面直接加not变成否定句. (be后not莫忘记) 例：①陈述句：She is my sister..

疑问句→ Is she your sister? Yes, I am./ No, I’m not. 否定句→ She is not my sister. ②陈述句：I can play soccer.

疑问句→ Can you play soccer? Yes, Ican. / No, I can’t.

否定句→ I can not /can’t play soccer.

注意：对一般疑问句的回答：一般用什么问就用什么来回答。 但以下例外：Is this a pencil? Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t.

Is that your backpack? Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t.

Are these your parents? Yes, they’re. / No, they aren’t. Are those Jim’s brothers? Yes, they’re. / No, they aren’t.

（3）当句子中没有be动词，也没有情态动词时，变一般疑问句时，在主语前加助动词do (I, we, you,以及复数), does（第三人称单数she,he,it等）变成问句；

（4）变否定句时，在主语后谓语动词前加助动词don’t, doesn’t变成否定句，切记：助动词后的动词则还原成动词原形。

例：①陈述句：We get up（起床） at 7:00 every morning. 疑问句→Do you get up at 7:00 every morning? 否定句→We don’t get up at 7:00 every morning. ②陈述句：She has a brother.

疑问句→ Does she have a brother? 否定句→ She doesn’t have a brother.

※ 在一般现在时中，当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，即常在动词原形后加-s或-es。

但有些同学们对于哪些主语是第三人称单数还不十分清楚，现归纳总结如下：

1. 人称代词he, she, it是第三人称单数。如： ①He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。 ②She has lunch at twelve. 她十二点吃午餐。

2. 单个人名、地名或称呼作主语；是第三人称单数。如： ①Han Mei likes milk. 韩梅喜欢牛奶。 ②Beijing is in China. 北京在中国。

③Uncle Wang often plays volleyball. 王叔叔经常打排球。

3. 单数可数名词或\单数可数名词\作主语时，是第三人称单数。如： ①This book is yours. 这本书是你的。 ②That car is red. 这辆车是红色的。 ③The cat is Lucy's. 这只猫是露茜的。

4. 不定代词someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something等及指示代词this, that作主语时，是第三人称单数。

①Everyone is here. 大家都到齐了。

②There is a watch on the table. 桌上有块手表。 ③This is a pen. 这是一支钢笔。 ④That is an eraser. 这是一块橡皮。

5. 不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数。如： ①The milk is in the glass. 牛奶在玻璃杯里。 ②The bread is very small. 那面包很小。

6. 当数字或字母作主语时，看作第三人称单数。如： ①\是个吉利数字。 ②\是个字母。 巩固练习题：

一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式

Have like drink _____ go _____ stay ____ make ______ look ______ have____ come_____ watch______ fly _____ do_____ study____ teach_____ 二、用be动词填空

1. I ______ a Chinese boy. My name _______ Li Lei.

2. Ann _________ an English girl. She and I __________ good friends. 3. ––_______ that bike yours? ––No, it ___________.

4. ––What ________ the boy’s name? ––His name __________ David. 5. ––How old _________you? ––I _____________ thirteen.

6. Lucy and Lily ___________ sisters. They ___________ from America. 7. Daniel _________ eleven years old. They _______ from China. 8. My teacher ___________ young. She ___________ helpful. 9. –– ________ you good at football? ––Yes, I _____________. 10. The twins ____________ in the same class. 三、用所给动词的适当形式填空

1. His classmates_______(not know) what he reallylikes. 2. He ________ (like) watching TV. 3. She ________ (have) lunch at twelve.

4. Mr and Mrs White _______ (not make) pizza at home. 5. She often_______ (say) bad words about others. 6. He _________ (play) computer games every day.

7. My grandfather _________ (not listen) to the radio after supper. 8. Millie _________ (not draw) pictures at the weekend. 9. Linda often ________ (go) shopping at the weekend. 10. She________ ( not do) her homework on Friday evening. 11. Mr Green ________ (not live) in Shanghai with his parents. 12. The little baby always ________ (cry) if he is hungry. 13. She_________________ (not come) from America.

14. The girl_________ (look) out of the window and sees many birds in the sky. 15. Jenny runs home and___________ (sit) on the chair. 16. Peter and Mary___________ (not drink) milk every day. 17. He_________ (brush) teeth every morning. 18. The lady________ (watch) TV every evening. 19. The old man ________ (fix) a lot of radios every year.

20. The woman _______ (stay) with her son in the USA for two months every year.

四、按照要求改写句子

1. Daniel watches TV every evening. (改为否定句)

___________________________________________________ 2. I do my homework every day. (改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) ___________________________________________________ 3. She likes milk. (改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)

___________________________ 4. Amy likes playing computer games. (改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) ___________________________________________________ 5. We go to school every morning. (改为否定句)

__________________________________________________ 6. John comes from Canada. (对划线部分提问)

___________________________________________________ 7. She is a good student. (改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) ___________________________________________________ 8. Simon and Daniel like play sports. (改为否定句)

___________________________________________________ 9. This is my pencil? (变一般疑问句) your pencil ?

10. These red socks are Kate’s. (变一般疑问句) socks Kate’s ?

11. Mary does not have any books. (变肯定句) Mary books .

12. She likes the black bag very much. (变为否定句) 13. I like apples. (用she改写句子)

14. It’s an English dictionary . (对画线部分提问) . 15. He has hamburger and apples for dinner. (变一般疑问句)

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