初二现在完成时及练习

四、现在完成时

现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去，但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。简单地讲现在完成时就是表示：“结果、影响和持续”。其构成： have (has) +过去分词。 一般过去时与现在完成时的比较

1．过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。

2．过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。

一般过去时常用的时间状语：

yesterday, last week, …ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语 现在完成时的时间状语或副词：

for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years 3．现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.

解析： 1.英语动词根据词义可分为两种,一种是延续性的,一种是终止性的,终止性动词(也可称为非延续性动词,瞬间动词,或点动词),如begin,start,die,buy,leave, come等,表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成,不能再延续,所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用,即不能与表示一段时间的状语,for+时间段, since+时间点/从句连用,也不能用在how long引导的特殊疑问句中.

常见终止性动词与延续性动词(或状态动词)的对应关系如下

come/go/arrive/get/reach/move------be in/at open-----be open buy-----have

die------be dead close----be closed become---be borrow---keep begin/start-----be on put on----wear leave-----be away (from) fall asleep----be asleep end/finish-----be over join the army----be in the army / be a soldier

eg. I've left Shanghai for three days.(×) I've been away from Shanghai for three days.( √ ). I left Shanghai three days ago. ( √ ) It is /has been three days since I left Shanghai.( √ )

句子中如有过去时间的名词或副词(如 yesterday, last week, in 1960)时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。

Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. (错) Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. (对) 用于现在完成时的句型

1．It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. It was the third time that the boy had been late.

2．This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时. This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。

This is the first time (that) I’ve heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。

3.现在完成时中been to, gone to区别

gone to 去某地了,说话时某人已离开此地,在去某地的途中或已在某地,

典型例题

1．—Do you know our town at all?

—No, this is the first time I __________ here. A．was B．have been C．came D．am coming 2．—Have you ____ been to our town before? —No, it’s the first time I ___ here.

A．even, come B．even, have come C．ever, come D．ever, have come 注意：

1．非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。

(错)I have received his letter for a month.

(对)I haven’t received his letter for almost a month. 2．比较since和for

since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。 I have lived here for more than twenty years. I have lived here since I was born.

注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。 I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。)

I have worked here for many years. (现在我仍在这里工作。)

小窍门：当现在完成时+一段时间，这一结构中，我们用下面的公式转化，很容易就能排除非延续动词在完成时中的误使。

（1）Tom has studied Russian for three years. (对)

=Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now. （2）Harry has got married for six years.(错)

=Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now. 显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.

3．since的四种用法 （1）since＋过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。 I have been here since 1989. （2）since＋一段时间＋ago

I have been here since five months ago. （3）since＋从句

Great changes have taken place since you left.

（4）It is ＋一段时间＋since从句

It is two years since I became a college student. 练习

1. It's a long time since we ____ (meet) last, isn't it?

2.--I know you _______ (choose) a picture book among these. --Yes, Have a look at it, please. 3. So far, spaceships without people _______ (reach) the moon and some other parts of the universe.

4. My father____ home for nearly three weeks.

A .has gone away from B. has left C .has been away from D. went away 5 .Mr and Mrs Green have_____in China for a week. A .been B. got C .arrived D. reached 6.--Where's Mary? --Oh, she _____the library.

A.has gone to B.went to C.has been to D.had gone to

一、单项选择

1、Both his parents look sad .Maybe they _________what's happened to him .

Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know 2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ? Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still 3、Have you met Mr Li ______？

Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago 4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year

Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written 5、-Our country ______ a lot so far . -Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .

Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; good Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better

6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years

.Ａ. was ; studying Ｂ. will ; study Ｃ. has ; studied Ｄ. are ; studying 7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .

Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .

Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see 9、-These farmers have been to the United States . -Really ? When _____ there ?

Ａ. will they go Ｂ. did they goＣ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone 10、-______ you ___ your homework yet ? -Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .

Ａ. Did ; do ; finished Ｂ. Have ; done ; finished Ｃ. Have ; done ; have finished Ｄ. will ; do ; finish 11、 His father ______ the Party since 1978 .

Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in 12、-Do you know him well ?

- Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .

Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made 13、-How long have you ____ here ? -About two months .

Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived 14、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .

Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begun Ｃ. has been on Ｄ. began 15、 It _____ ten years since he left the army . Ａ. is Ｂ. has Ｃ. will Ｄ. was

16、 Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library . Ａ.has gone Ｂ. went Ｃ.will go Ｄ. has been 17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .

Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been to Ｃ. have gone to Ｄ. have been 18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ?

A. so they B. don't they C. have they D. haven't they

19、_____has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he _____ to China? A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 20、 His uncle _____ for more than 9 years.

A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university 二、句型转换

3、The old man _________ last year. He for a year. (die) （动词填空）

4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换) This factory ________ for twenty years. 5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)

Miss Gao ________ _______ ________ ________ an hour ago.

6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句） Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ .

7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换) _______ two years ________ the Green family moved to Fra nce.

8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子)

___________________________________________ 三、汉译英

4、 她还没有看过那部新电影。 5、 她去过上海。

6、 他这些天上哪儿去了？

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