describe的语法特点与搭配

篇一：新概念三24课语法分析

1. We often 小说中读到如何，多么，引导宾语从句或有声望的家庭has some有着某种terrible secret②骇人听闻的秘密which引导定语从句已隐瞒了(比hide更加正式, 语气更强) 外人 for

第一层

第二层

谓语

第三层

谓语状语状语

2.

定语定.

主语.

4. 戏剧性时刻，扣人心玄的时刻the terrible secret可怕的秘密becomes known（= come

to 暴露，大白，显露and 搞糟, 宠坏 v.扰乱.名声狼藉，声誉扫地(the image collapsed形象毁了). 状语定语谓语and连词a reputation主语is ruined谓语.

5. (one’s hair stands on end某人感到毛骨悚然 = sb feel

horrified adj.带有恐怖感的, 惊骇的)读者不禁毛骨悚然 he reads 在(虚构的长篇)小说最后几页引宾从女主人公, a dear old lady同位语，一位的老妇人who引定从had always been so kind

to 一向待大家很好的，对人总是和蔼可亲的, 在她年轻时，插入语, 5个丈夫（serial killer 连环杀手）.

第一层

第二层

第三层

, who had always been so kind to , 谓语, , .

第四层

引定从系词状语系词表语

6. It形式主语 is all very well①是无可非义的，还可以, 都很正常对，引出不定式的逻

辑主语such things to occur in fiction②(出乎意料的、偶然的)发生在小说中，真主语（fiction集合名词, 小说的总称, 不可数

-----虚构, 编造）.

形式主语系词语.

7. (varying = various adj.不同的, 各种各样的= different kinds of)程度上, 从不同的角度来讲, we all have secrets②which引定从we do not want even our 我们甚至连最亲近的朋友都不愿让其得知,

have skeletons in the cupboard.

第一层

第二层

主语

8. 定语 has a skeleton in the cupboard

他相当引以为豪.

第一层

who has a skeleton in the cupboard定从谓语. 第二层

主语

第三层

主语谓语宾语

9.

.

主语谓语宾语状语.

10. , he

/出色的侦探小说作家. 主语系词.

11. 曾经

. 第一层 状语which I shall never forget定语从句at his house状语.

第二层

主语谓语

12. 家庭中的)来客住房, 客房

, was rarely used③= was little used很少使用.

第一层 主语宾语状语语从句.

第二层

插入语

13.(从箱中)

取出东西. (区别：stay to 留下来吃饭)

主语谓语宾补①状语②to dinner状语.

14. 引导时间状从码好,(整齐地)堆放, 排放my shirts and 内衣in在...里two empty drawers③两个空抽屉, I decided to决定

hang挂 one of the two .

第一层

语.

第二层

引导时间状从宾语

第二层 主语谓语

15. 站在柜子前吓呆了，吓得

目瞪口呆的站在柜子前.

主语连词系词表语主语补语.

16.

.

状语.

17.动起来，补语 and it gave me the impression (= it impressed me = made me feel)②它给我这个印象，让我觉得好像that引导同位语从句

it was about to leap out at me③它就要跳出来扑向我.

第一层

主语连词it主语gave谓语me间接宾the impression

直接宾同位语.

第二层

主语状语

18.I

去 tell George. 主语谓语状语.

19. 这比...更凶，这比....

还要糟'a terrible secret'; this was a real 骷

髅 !

主系词表语; 系词表语!

20.

George was 无动于衷的，不表同情的.

系词表语.

21. 方式状语，带着一丝微笑引导虚拟语气 an old friend.

宾语主语谓语状语as if he were talking about an old friend让步状从.

第二层

主语

22. 'That's 塞巴斯蒂安（古罗马的殉道者, 一般被刻画为裸体青年）.You 忘了that引宾从 I was我曾是a medical student①一名医科学生once upon a time曾经，从前,以前.'

. You forget that I was a medical student once upon a time宾从.' 第二层 系词表语

第二层

主语谓语that I was a medical student once upon a time宾从

第三层

篇二：英语语法

第一部分 词法 动词 谓语：虚拟语气、主谓一致

非谓语：非谓语动词、独立主格

第一节：虚拟语气

一、条件句

体现在：主句和从句的谓语

从句：时态降级主句：would+动词

从句主句

过去 had donewould have done

现在 did（were）would do

将来 did/should do/were to dowould do

1、过去：佟湘玉：我要是不嫁过来，我的夫君也不会死

If I hadn’t married him to this place, my husband wouldn’t have died.

2、现在：痞子蔡：如果我有一千万，我就能买一栋房子。

If I had ten thousand yuan, I would buy a house.

3、将来：至尊宝

如果上天能给我一个再来一次的机会,我会对那个女孩子说三个字:我爱你

If the God would give me another chance, I would say three words to her “I love you”.

4、混合时间：

主句从句各用各的形式

邓丽君：《我只在乎你》如果不是遇见你，我将会是在那里

If I hadn’t encountered you, where would I be now?

5、含蓄条件句

上下文：without、but for、or else、otherwise

何润东：没有我你怎么办

Nobody would have effaced your tears but for me.

二、名词从句

体现在：从句谓语（should）+ do

1、祈使语气的词

v. : advise、agree、ask、command、deem、demand、desire、direct、insist、maintain、order、prefer、propose、recommend、request、require、resolve、rule、suggest、urge、vote等 n.:上述动词的名词

a.:上述形容词crucial、essential、imperative、important、natural、necessary、vital

教材：12—15

2、lest、in case、for fear that：以免

三、其他结构

1、It is time that

谓语：did或should do

2、wish+宾从

过去：had done、现在：did、将来：would do

Jenny (Forrest Gump)：I wish that I were a bird.

类似结构：

would rather/sooner、prefer、had rather、suppose、as if/though、if only

写作

08：合作、互相帮助、团队精神…

残奥会：Paralympics = Paralympic Games、paralysis n.麻痹，瘫痪、paralyse v.使…瘫痪 如果大家合作，就会建成和谐社会

If we collaborate, there will be a harmonious society.

——If we failed to collaborate, there wouldn’t be a harmonious society.

第二节：主谓一致

一、主语单数

1、单数或不可数

I like R&B, and LL likes errenzhuan.

2、非谓语动词、从句：To see is to believe.

3、一个整体或一个人或物

The fork and knife is used when we have steaks.

The actor and singer is Jay.

Forrest：Me and Jenny was like peas and carrots.

every、each、no：Every minute and (every) second is important.

4、either、neither、many a、more than one、the number of

Jane Austin：Many a rich man wants a wife.

张爱玲：《红玫瑰与白玫瑰》：More than one rose appears in a man’s life.

5、时间、长度、重量、价值的词或短语用单数：Ten thousand years is long.

6、-s结尾的单数名词

1）news、series、means

2）ics：学科athletics、economics、physics、statistics、

3）病：measles、mumps、rickets佝偻病、shingles带状疱疹

7、专有名词：the United Nations …

The Arabian Nights is very interesting.

二、主语有选择

1、主语附带with、besides、including、as well as、rather than、in addition to时不受影响 I with other teachers am willing to help you.

2、与of后名词一致：all of、most of、none of、分数 of

3、定语从句关系代词作主语，谓语与先行词一致

I, who ___ your friend, will try my best to help you.

4、就近一致

连词：（either/whether… ） or、（neither…）nor、 not（only）…but （also）

Either he or I am a liar.

there be：There is a pen and two pencils on the desks.

5、集合名词：整体：单数 个体：复数

family、police、team、army、committee、crew、staff、jury…

Cattle is a kind of mammal.

Cattle provide us with milk, beef and hides.

第三节：非谓语动词

一、基本特征

1、分类及形式

不定式：to do动名词：doing分词：现在分词：doing；过去分词：done

2、区别

To do：将来；主动 doing：现在；主动 done：过去；被动

3、否定：not having finished homework

4、时态和语态：doing、to do

二、用法

（一）主语

唐僧：做妖就像做人一样。

Being a devil is the same as being a human.

莎士比亚：To be or not to be; that’s the question.——To be is the question.

形式：谓语前、It形式主语

It形式主语

1)It is adj. to do

2)It is no good/no use doing

子曾经曰过：It is no use learning without thinking.

（二）表语：相当于adj.

表语The cannon is breaking. The cannon is broken.

My job is teaching you English.

My job is to clean washrooms this morning.

（三）宾语

1、只接动名词：

acknowledge、admit、advise、advocate、appreciate、avoid、consider、delay、deny、finish、forbid、postpone、resist、suggest、can’t help、feel like...

2、只接不定式：

agree、 attempt、beg、claim、decide、decline、desire、determine、fail、hesitate、intend、manage、offer、plan、 pretend、promise、resolve、swear、tend...

3、特殊动词

1）want、need、require、deserve、demand +doing：被动

He deserve praising.

2）remember、forget、regret、stop、go on、leave off

+doing：做过、+to do：没做

3）try ：+to do：目的、+doing：方式

The doctor tried ______the medicine to rescue the patient. （use）

4）mean：+to do：打算做、+doing：意味着

I mean to go abroad.Loving you means loving myself.

（四）定语

位置：一个放前、多个放后 Sleeping Beauty、Broken Arrow

至尊宝：长夜漫漫,无心睡眠 It's a long night, and there is no mood to sleep.

（五）状语in order to do、so as to do

逻辑主语是主句的主语、最近的名词或前面的句子

Seen from her back, she looks beautiful.

Seeing her from her back, I find her beautiful.

（六）宾补

感官动词：see watch notice hear feel

使役动词：make have let

I see you change your clothes.

He saw the Dragon removing the armor.

I see your clothes changed.

写作：伴随状语

08：There are two disabled men in the picture, who tie their crippled legs together.

——…, tying their crippled legs together.

第四节：独立主格

主语1+谓语，主语2+非谓语

写作

08：两个人相互帮助，他们的拐杖也彼此支撑

They are helping each other, their crutches supporting one another.

第二部分 句法

句子结构、从句倒装、省略、否定、强调

第一节 句子结构

一、分类

简单句、并列句、复合句

(一) 简单句

1、定义：一套主谓结构的句子

2、基本句型

1）主+谓：My feet hurt.

2）主+系+表：My name is Forrest.

3）主+谓+宾：You wanna chocolate？

4）主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语：I bought you a shirt.

5）主+谓+宾+宾补：At KFC, we do chicken right.

(二) 并列句

1、定义：由并列连词连接的若干简单句。 分句+分句

2、并列连词

and、or、but、so、for、both…and、either…or、neither…nor、not…but、not only…but also

3、并列平行结构：阅读、翻译中长难句

解决：开封：分开理解，整合句意

并列连词连接的词：词性相同，形式相同

(三) 复合句

1、定义：由从属连词连接的若干简单句。 主句+从句

2、从句分类：名词性、形容词性、副词性

第二节 从句

一、名词性从句

1、连词

that：陈述句

whether/if：一般疑问句

疑问词：特殊疑问句

2、分类

主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句

1）主语从句

教材：1—3

注：it形式主语（翻译）

（1）It is +v-ed+ that：reported、said、believed、pointed out

（2）It is +adj.+ that：important、clear、possible、natural、certain、strange

（3）It is +n.短语+ that：a pity、a fact、good news、no wonder

（4）It +v.(短语)+ that：seem、happen、turn out、occur to sb.、make no difference

翻译方法：当作固定短语翻译到整个句子最前面

4：许多人认为, 普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维过程相比, 而且认为这些思维过程必须经过某种专门的训练才能掌握。

2）宾语从句：Vt、prep、adj后

3）表语从句：系动词后

LeBron James：...that's what happens when all you care about is what you haven't done yet.

4）同位语从句：概括意义的名词后

n.：fact、idea、hope、doubt、news、rumor、conclusion、suggestion、problem...

同位语从句翻译：加“：”或“即”

二、定语从句

（一）先行词：在从句前被定语从句修饰的词、短语或句子

找出先行词:根据定语从句的结构和含义

（二）关系词

关系代词：that、which、who、whom、whose、as、than

关系副词：when、where、why

1、关系代词

1）that

引导定语从句和同位语从句区别

定语从句：作成分

同位语从句：不作成分

The idea that he proposed was ridiculous.

The idea that men are superior to women is ridiculous.

2）which：名词、主句

3）whose

先行词+whose+名词，该先行词与名词有所属关系

whose + n.= n.+ of + which/whom

LL is a man whose IQ is high.=LL is a man the IQ of whom is high.

4）as

（1）非限：指代主句，位置随意

写作：描述图画句

As is shown in the picture,...、As is vividly depicted in the cartoon above,...

描绘：see、show、 describe、 represent、 depict、betray、demonstrate、illustrate、portray... 图画：picture、cartoon、drawing、chart

（2）限定：搭配：as...as、such...as、the same...as

篇三：英语语法之as的用法

as的用法

as这个词看似简单，但用法却是很多的，对它的正确理解关系到英语应用能力的提高，因此我们有必要对其用法和搭配进行详细阐述。

一、as作介词

1. 区别as和like

as作为介词时，可以表示“像??”，这时它可以和like互用；as还可以表示“以??身份”或“作为??”，“当作??”，但like不能。

e.g. I) They lived and fought among the people as “fish in water”. (as相当于like) II) As a scientist, he was dedicated to (致力于) the truth. (这里不可以用like)

II) They talked as old friends. (他们确乎是老朋友。)

? They talked like old friends. (他们像老朋友一样。)

2. as引导的介词短语在句中可以充当：

a) 宾语补足语

e.g. I) She spoke of me as her dearest friend.

II) The plan struck me as very much worthwhile.

III) You mustn’t think of me as (being) unhappy.

b) 主语补足语

e.g. I) She is well-known as being very cheerful.

II) He is sometimes portrayed as belonging to another century.

III) That picture is looked upon as very valuable.

常用于这类结构的动词有：accept, consider, describe, elect, interpret (理解), look upon, perceive, recognize, refer to, regard, see, strike, take, think of, treat, view等等。

二、as作连词

1. 作“当??的时候”,引导时间状语从句。注意与when、 while的用法区别。

A. when作"当??的时候"解,可以指较短的(一点)时间,也可指一段时间。

e.g. I) When he was at college, he could speak several foreign languages.

II) When the clock struck twelve, all the lights in the street went out.

B. while常表示一段较长的时间或一个过程,强调主句谓语动词与从句谓语动词同时发生。

e.g. Work while you work. Play while you play.

C. 但属下列情形时,只用as, 而不用when或while。

1) 用于表示同一个人的两种动作交替进行,指“一边??,一边??”。

e.g.I) The girl dances as she sings on the stage.

II) He looked behind from time to time as he went forward.

2)表示两个同步发展的动作或行为,译为“随着??”。

e.g. I) As time went on / by, she became more and more worried.

II) As children get older, they become more and more interested in the things

around them.

3)表示两个短促行为或事件几乎同时发生。

e.g. I) I thought of it just as you opened your mouth.

II) Just as the flying worm hit her face, she gave a loud cry.

4) 后接名词表示某一年龄段时,用as。

e.g. As a young man, he was active in sports.

2. as=since, 作“既然”、“由于”解,引导原因状语从句,常用来表示已为人们所知或显而易见的原因或理由。

e.g. I) As / Since you’re not feeling well, you may stay at home.

II) As he wasn't ready in time, we went without him.

3. as=in the way that, 作“像”、“按照??的方式”解，引导方式状语从句。

e.g. I) He speaks English as Americans do.

II) Remember, you must do everything as I do.

4. 用于as...as...或not so/ as...as...中,前一个as是副词,后一个as是连词，引导比较状语从句。

e.g. I) They helped the old man as often as possible.

II) I don’t speak English so / as well as he does.

5. 作“虽然”、“尽管”解,引导让步状语从句。常用倒装语序,即adj. /adv. / n.+ as +主语+谓语+主句。

e.g. I) Tired as they were, they walked on.

II) Child as he is, he knows a lot. (child前不用冠词)

6．as引导类比从句，与so 连用，表示“正如……所以……”。

e.g. Just as French people enjoy their wine, so the British enjoy their beer.

如同法国人喜欢他们自产的葡萄酒一样，英国人喜欢他们自产的啤酒。

三、as作副词

1．表示同等程度、质量、数量等，作“一样地??”解释。

e.g. I) Steve runs fast, but I run just as fast.

史蒂夫跑的很快，但是我跑的和他一样快。

II) Tom has a lot of money, but I don’t have as much.

汤姆有很多的钱，而我的钱没有他多。

2．用在形容词或者-ed形式的过去分词前，相当于形容词或过去分词作定语，但as仍然保留其原来的词汇意义。

e.g. I) In the dead of night I was suddenly wakened by a cry as made by a wolf. 在寂静的黑夜里，我突然听到了一声如同狼嚎一样的叫声。

II) The old man began to describe the accident as seen through the eyes of a witness. 这位老人开始描述这一起事故，如同是一个证人亲眼目睹了一般。

四、作as作关系代词，引导定语从句，不仅可以代替一个名词，而且可以代替整个句子或一件事，通常译作 “正如这一点”，“如??一样”。

e.g. I) As is known to everybody, the moon travels around the earth once every month.

如同大家所知道的一样，月亮每月围绕地球旋转一次。

II) As has been said before, grammar is not a set of dead rules.

如同以前说过的一样，语法并不是一套死规则。

III) Such a clever girl as she can learn anything quickly.

像她这样聪明的女孩子学任何东西都很快。

IV) It was absolutely bad manners to get into people’s room without knocking, as quite a

few young people are doing every day.

不敲门就进入别人的房间绝对是不文明的行为，现在很多年轻人每天都这么干。

五、as构成的固定词组

1．as可以构成介词词组：

as against（与??相比）；as compared with（与??对比）；as for / to（至于，关于）；as from / of（自??起）；as a result of（由于??的结果）；as regards（至于）；

e.g. I) The output amounts to ten thousand dollars as against eight thousand last year.

和去年八千美元的产量相比，今年的产量达到了一万美元。

II) There is no doubt as to who will be elected.

至于谁会当选，这是毫无疑问的事。

III) As a result of your carelessness, the whole project should be put off at least one month.

由于你的粗心，整个计划将要被推迟至少一个月。

2．as可以构成副词词组：

as above（如上）；as a matter of fact（事实上）；as a whole（就整体来说）；as follows（如下）；as good as（和??几乎一样，实际等于）；as such（照其资格，其本身）；such / so … as to（这样的??以至于??）；as yet（尚，至今还）（用于否定句）；as well（也）； e.g. I) As a matter of fact, he didn’t have any interest in the project.

事实上，他对这个项目一点兴趣都没有。

II) I am not so foolish as to make such a promise.

我还没有愚蠢到会许下这样的承诺的地步。

III) We are as good as ruined.

我们几乎要崩溃了。

3．as构成词组作关系代词：

as … go（就??一般情况来说）；as it is / was（事实上，按现状）；as it were（好像是）； e.g. I) He is quite good, as boys go. 就一般男孩子而言，他已经很好了。

II) I thought conditions would get better, but as it was, they were getting worse. 我以为情况会好转，但事实上，却是越来越糟糕。

4．as可以构成连词词组：

according as（根据，按照??而）；in as (so) far as（根据??程度）；

e.g. I) You may go or stay, according as you decide.

你可以自己决定是去还是留。

II）In as (so) far as we have known about the matter, we can make a decision after the meeting.就我们对这件事情的了解程度，我们可以在会后作出一个决定。

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