英语习语学习大全10

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外语学习资料

价格”表达花样多多

生活在现代的商品社会里,每个人都不可避免地会用到关于价格的英文表达。现在按其结构分为三类加以归纳,希望对你的英语学习有所帮助。

1.形容词(名词)+名词

reasonable price(合理的价格)moderate/fair price(公平价格)

a good price(好价格)attractive price(诱人的价格)

favorable price(优惠价)competitive price(竞争价格)

high price(高价)list price(价目单定价)

low price(低价)highest price(最高价)

lowest price(最低价)rock-bottom price(最低价)

retail/tag price(零售价)fixed price(固定价格)

a nominal price(名义价、虚价)a reduced price(折扣价)

wholesale price(批发价)import price(进口价)

export price(出口价) market price(市场价)

home market price(国内市场价)international market price(国际市场价)

2.动词+名词

bring down/lower/reduce prices(降价)cut/ slash prices(削价)

charge a high price(索高价)raise prices(提价)

offer a price(出价)readjust prices(重新调价)

stabilize prices(稳定物价)set/fix a price(定出价格)

3.名词+动词

Prices drop/fall/decline/go down.(物价下跌)

Prices jump up/rise/shoot up/go up.(物价上涨)

Prices remain stable.(物价稳定)Prices fluctuate.(物价波动)

另外,在具体生活中, 价格的表达方式很多,需灵活使用。不过,有两点还请读者注意。 其一,表示物价的“高”,“低”且与price搭配时分别要用high和low;表示某物的“贵”,“贱”时分别要用expensive和cheap。二者不能混淆,但可以变通。如:

The prices of watches are low at that shop. =Watches are cheap at that shop. 那家商店的手表便宜。

The prices of tomatoes are high in this market. =Tomatoes are expensive in this market.这个市场的西红柿贵。

其二,询问价格时要注意what与price 连用; how much 与某物连用。如:

What is the price of this car? =How much is this car? 这辆小汽车多少钱?

各种“假日”的英文表达

外语学习资料

种节假日及假期在英文中如何表达呢?下面简要予以说明。

泛指不用工作的休假时间用time off work或者time away from work,准假叫be granted。

Holiday和vacation在英语中意思接近,它们包括三种情况:一是为了休息(rest)或者娱乐(recreation)而离开当前所做的经常性的工作(leave of absence);二是为了娱乐或者旅游(tourism)的一次具体行程(trip或者journey);三是进行文化、宗教、国家或者其它情况下(observance)的庆祝活动(celebration或者festivity),可以是法定的(official)也可以不是法定的(unofficial),比如中国的春节和西方的圣诞节。

Holiday是holy和day的合写,最初的意思是特殊的宗教节日。后来日常语言用来指特别的休息日,以区别于周末的正常休息。Vacation的本意是‘空缺’的意思。在英国原指法院或者大学的休假。

作为一种旅行,在北美,它指离开工作场所或者学校比较长的一段时间,但也可以指比较短暂的离家数日。其它英语国家在这样的情况下通常用holiday表达。在这些情况下,英联邦国家有时候也用annual leave这个词。

作为一种传统,所有英语国家都可用holiday指国家或者文化传统设置的用来庆祝的节日。Holiday也指不上学或者不上班的特殊日子,比如劳动节。注意,如果把holiday放在一个具体节日后面,如Labor Day Holiday,它指的是正式节日日期附近的休息日。

常见的病假一般叫sick leave,也叫sickness pay或者sick pay。它指员工的一种福利(benefit),在生病情况下可以享受带薪休假(paid leave)。各个国家、地区及行业规定不尽一致,可能需要medical certificate来获得必要的休息时间。在不上班(absence)的第一天,需要请病假的人需要向直接领导(line manager)电话请假。销假(return to work或者back to work)时,可能需要填写病休表(sickness absence form)。

Bereavement leave或者叫compassionate leave通常是在员工近亲属去世的时候请的假。这里说的近亲属包括父母(parents)、岳父母(father/mother-in-law)、兄弟姐妹(brother/sister)、配偶或者伴侣(husband/wife/partner)、子女(children)(可能包括意外流产(miscarriage)、死胎(stillbirth)及新生儿死亡(neonatal death))及祖父母(grandparent)。

Parental leave指为了照顾小孩的假期,可能带薪(paid)也可能不带薪(unpaid),属于职工福利之一。它比汉语的产假(maternity leave)范围广,包括父亲在这种情况下的休假(paternity leave)和收养孩子的休假(adoption leave)。

Staycation是Stay-at-home和vacation的混合体,指在家或者家的附近进行休息或者休闲活动。这种方式比较经济实惠,不需要支付住宿费用(lodging costs)和旅行费用(travel expenses)。这样的度假者叫staycationer,这样的方式叫staycationing。Red letter (red-letter) day或者scarlet day指任何具有特殊意义的日期,不一定是我们通常说的节假日。

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Sabbatical leave比较特殊,通常是为了完成某个特殊目的或者长期研究而请的长假,可能达到一年的时间。主要是科学家、医生、音乐家、教授、牧师、体育工作者以及学者的一种待遇。大概是每隔六年一次。一般不带薪。但有时候可以半年全薪,或者全年半薪。

还有一种特殊的假期叫gap year,或者year out、year off、deferred year、bridging year、time out、time off等。它指在人生两个重要阶段之间的一段比较长的休息,通常为一年。例如进入大学前,大学和研究生阶段之间,换工作前,结婚前,生孩子前,退休前等。

Career break指没有工作的一段时间。传统上是女性生孩子和照顾孩子时采取的一种方式,如今也指为了个人发展或者事业发展而暂时离开工作。时间一般在两个月至两年。它和失业不同,一般这段时间被用来旅行、做义工、海外工作或者学习培训。

Leave of absence (LOA)指员工离开工作一段时间,但是保留员工身份。如果带薪,则通常是雇主提出的。比如工伤、参加陪审团、雇主维修等。员工提出的这种休假通常不带薪,比如预备役人员被征召、照顾家人等。有时候这是雇主在不景气情况下避免解雇员工(layoff)的一种手段,也叫leave of absence in lieu of layoff。

Bank holiday是英国和爱尔兰的一种公共假日(public holiday)。非基础行业(水电、消防、急救、警察、医护人员)的人可以休假,而其他基础行业工作的人可以获得额外补偿。名称来源于一个现象:当初银行在这样的日期关门,其它生意无法进行。

在美国,政府认可的节假日叫federal holidays。有趣的是,美国总统有权宣布某一天为节日,但是政府和企业并不被要求休息,很多人根本注意不到这样的节日。这样的节日可以叫作national holiday,但不是federal holiday。另外,有些美国学校把Christmas称为winter holiday或者winter break,以避免暗示所有学生都信仰基督教。此外,还有一些节日的名称有争议,如哥伦布日(Columbus Day)在某些地区被称为美国土著日(Indigenous Poeples of the Americas Day),马丁路德金日(Martin Luther King Day)被某些人称为民权日(Civil Rights Day)。

Americans often use expressions about animals.

In 2008, the main candidates for president each used this expression: "You can put lipstick on a pig, but it is still a pig." This means that it is a waste of time to change something from ugly or unpleasant-looking to beautiful.

There are other expressions about improving a pig's appearance, like this one: "A hog in a silk waistcoat is still a hog." Hogs are similar to pigs, only bigger. Americans use many other expressions about pigs, hogs and female hogs called sows. Like this one: "You cannot make a silk purse out of a sow's ear." This means you cannot create something valuable from something that has no value.

外语学习资料

In a pig's eye is another unusual expression. It means something that is not so, or will never happen. Then there is the expression casting pearls before swine. That means wasting something valuable on someone who will not be thankful or care about it.

However, at least one kind of pig can be useful in saving money. It is called a piggy bank. You can buy a small container shaped like a pig. It has a hole where a child can put money into it.

Hogs are very large animals. If you say you ate high on the hog during a holiday, it means you ate very good or costly food. If you went whole hog on your trip, it means you did everything possible to have fun. But you should never go hog-wild at any time because that means behaving badly.

Hogs take up a lot of space but people should not take up more than their share. If one of your children is taking up too much space sitting in front of the television, other children might say: "Do not hog the couch." And a road hog is a driver who uses more than his share of the road. Such a driver increases dangers for other drivers.

Pig terms are also used in American politics. Farmers mark their pigs' ears to identify them. In politics, earmarks are money set aside for projects in a congressman's home state or locality. And politicians might say there is a lot of pork in a budget proposal, meaning wasteful spending.

In many areas, pigs provide ham, bacon and other pork products to eat. All Americans want to be able to bring home the bacon. That means to earn enough money to provide the necessities of life. Experts say this term was first used in the nineteen twenties. But it is believed to come from the much older game of catching a greased pig. This was a popular event at country fairs in which the winner was awarded the pig.

http://www.77cn.com.cn/language_tips/auvideo/2008-10/20/content_7120784.htm

说说“pig”

You can put lipstick on a pig, but it is still a pig.

“给猪涂上口红,它还是猪。”意思是做无用功。

A hog in a silk waistcoat is still a hog.

外语学习资料

某项政策、措施或行动并不能改变事情的本质,甚至更为糟糕。

You cannot make a silk purse out of a sow's ear.

粗瓷碗雕不出细花来

in a pig's eye

某件事根本不可能发生

casting pearls before swine

明珠暗投;对牛弹琴

piggy bank

储蓄罐

high on the hog

奢侈地;豪华地

hog-wild

(美国俚语)极粗野的,疯狂的,发疯的

hog

贪心攫取;独占

road hog

自私的司机;鲁莽的驾驶员

earmarks

指定款项

pork

外语学习资料

联邦或州政府给手下人的好处(金钱或位置)

bring home the bacon

养家糊口;谋生

pig out / make a pig of oneself

大吃大喝

When pigs fly

无稽之谈;不可能的事

go the whole hog

干到底;彻底地干

ground hog

土拨鼠

bleed like a pig

血流如注

buy a pig in a bag

没有仔细看货就买下来;盲目答应

get the wrong pig by the tail

[美]捉错了人;;怪错了人;;搞错了对象

give sb. a pig of his own sow

以其人之道还治其人之身

sell a pig in a poke

用欺骗手段出售货品; 挂羊头卖狗肉

sweat like a pig

外语学习资料

(因出力或恐惧而)全身冒汗

teach a pig to play on a flute

教猪吹笛, 做荒唐[不可能]的事

What can you expect from a pig but a grunt.

]狗嘴里吐不出象牙来。

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