10KV变电所的研究和设计

摘 要

10KV变电所属于中压变电站，它延伸至用电负荷中心活居民小区内，直接面对工矿企业和居民等广大用户的供电需要，起着承上启下确保用户用电的作用。10KV变电所所处地位十分重要，是能否保证系统安全、经济、可靠地运行的一个重要条件。

本次设计的题目是河南理工大学10KV变电所设计。该变电所主要是对新校区生活区进行供配电。本设计考虑新校区未来的发展情况，大胆采用新型设备，并经过经济比较后，确定了最优方案。本次设计包括计算负荷统计、变压器选择、补偿计算、主接线设计、短路电流计算、电气设备选择、变配电所装置的布置及所址的选择、防雷与接地等。

变电所的设计以供电系统的安全可靠性为前提，力求所设计的变电站满足供电的要求，使供配电设计在一定技术水平的条件下达到最优。

关键词：变电所；负荷计算；主接线；短路电流计算；设备选择

ABSTACT

10KV substation belong to the pressure substation, which extended to electricity load centre residents living within the district, to directly face the industrial and mining enterprises and residents and other users of electricity needs, to ensure that users connecting link between the preceding play the role of electricity. 10KV substation where position is very important, is the system can guarantee security, economic and reliable operation of an important condition.

The design is the subject of Hennan University of Technology 10KV substation design.The substation is new campus living areas for distribution. The design of the new campus to consider the future development of the situation, bold use of new equipment, and the economic comparison to determine the optimal programme. The design includes statistical calculation load,transformers choice, compensation, the main wiring design, short circuit, the choice of electrical equipment, power distribution change the type of layout and the location of choice, mine and the grounding.

Substation to the design of the safety and reliability of power supply system as the prerequisite, the substation designed to meet the requirements of power supply, power supply design to certain level of technology to achieve optimal conditon.

Keywords: Substation; load calculation; main wiring; short-circuit current calculation; equipment choice

目 录

绪 论 ················································································································ 1 1 电力负荷概述 ································································································ 2

1.1 电压等级的分类 ··················································································· 2 1.2 原始资料 ······························································································· 2

1.2.1 概况 ···························································································· 2 1.2.2 负荷指标 ···················································································· 2 1.2.3 负荷统计 ···················································································· 3 1.2.4 本次设计的任务 ········································································ 5

2 负荷计算 ········································································································ 6

2.1 负荷计算的目的 ··················································································· 6 2.2 需用系数法计算电力负荷 ··································································· 6

2.2.1 需要系数Kd确定 ······································································ 6 2.2.2 用电设备组计算负荷的确定 ···················································· 7 2.2.3 多组用电设备组的计算负荷 ···················································· 7 2.2.4 负荷计算 ···················································································· 8 2.3 无功补偿计算 ····················································································· 11 3 变电所主变压器台数及容量的设计确定 ·················································· 16

3.1 变压器的选取原则 ············································································· 16

3.1.1 变压器电压等级的选择 ·························································· 16 3.1.2 变压器的台数的选择 ······························································ 16 3.1.3 变压器的型式的选择 ······························································ 17 3.1.4 变压器联接组别的选择 ·························································· 17 3.2 变压器的选择 ····················································································· 18 4 变电所电气主接线 ······················································································ 20

4.1 主接线的基本要求 ············································································· 20 5 变配电所布局 ······························································································ 22

5.1 变电所的总体布局 ············································································· 22 5.2 变电所的有关结构尺寸规定列表 ····················································· 23 6 短路电流计算及高低压设备的选择及校验 ·············································· 26

6.1 短路计算 ····························································································· 26

6.1.1 短路的概念,种类及危害 ························································· 26 6.1.2 短路计算的目的 ······································································ 26 6.2 短路电流计算 ····················································································· 27

6.2.1 短路计算的公式 ······································································ 27 6.2.2 本设计短路电流的计算 ·························································· 27 6.3 电力电缆的选择 ················································································· 30

6.3.1 概述 ·························································································· 30 6.3.2 电缆截面的选择与计算 ·························································· 31 6.4 母线的选择 ························································································· 32 6.5 本变电所主要设备选择校验 ····························································· 34

6.5.1 10kV侧主要设备选择 ··························································· 34 6.5.2 380V侧主要设备选择 ··························································· 36

7 二次回路的方案确定和继电保护的整定 ·················································· 38

7.1 变电所二次回路设备的选择 ····························································· 38

7.1.1 变电所二次回路的类别及其功能 ·········································· 38 7.1.2 继电保护装置的整定计算 ······················································ 39 7.2 变压器的瓦斯保护 ············································································· 41 8 防雷保护的设计、接地装置 ······································································ 43

8.1 雷电的基本情况 ················································································· 43 8.2 本次变电所的防雷措施 ····································································· 43

8.2.1 10kV避雷器柜 ·········································································· 43 8.2.2 低压400V母线装设避雷器柜 ················································ 44 8.2.3 低压220V线路装设避雷器柜 ················································ 44 8.3 变电所的接地网 ················································································· 45

9 小结 ·············································································································· 49 致 谢 ················································································································ 50 参考文献 ·········································································································· 51

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