初中中考英语语法复习（知识点、例题、习题、详细答案）（整理版）

九年级英语语法总复习

一、名词

名词可以分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词 (Common Nouns)，专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类：

1)个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，gun。 2)集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示若干个个体组成的集合family。 3)物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。

4)抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。

个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词（Countable Nouns），物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）。归纳一下，名词的分类可以下列表示： 专有名词：是个别的人，事物，地点等专有名称。其第一个字母大写 普通名词；可数名词；不可数名词。 可数名词的构成规则：

1．一般名词加 -s 1.清辅音后读/s/; map-maps 2.浊辅音和元音后 bag-bags

读 /z/; car-cars 2．以s,sh,ch,

x等结尾的词 加 -es 读 /iz/ bus-buses watch-watches

3．以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾的词 加 -s 读 /iz/ license-licenses 4．以辅音字母+y 变y 为i结尾的词 再加es 读 /z/ baby---babies 其它名词复数的规则变化

1) 以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数： 如： two Marys the Henrys

monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays 比较： 层楼：storey ---storeys story---stories 2) 以o 结尾的名词，变复数时：

a. 加s，如： photo---photos piano---pianos radio---radios zoo---zoos； b. 加es，如：potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes c. 均可，如：zero---zeros / zeroes 3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时：

a. 加s，如： belief---beliefs roof---roofs safe---safes gulf---gulfs； b. 去f,fe 加ves，如：half---halves

knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves； c. 均可,如： handkerchief:

handkerchiefs / handkerchieves 名词复数的不规则变化

1）child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice man---men woman---women

注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。

如： an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。 2）单复同形 如：

deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese

li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin

但除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如: a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters 3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。

如： people police cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说

a person，a policeman，a head of cattle,the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。

如： The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。 4）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：

a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。 b. news 是不可数名词。

c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。

The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。 d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。 \ <<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。

5) 表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes

若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair(对，双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers

6） 另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物， waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼 不可数名词量的表示 1）物质名词

a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时。

比较： Cake is a kind of food. 蛋糕是一种食物。 (不可数) These cakes are sweet. 这些蛋糕很好吃。 (可数) b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，名词可数。 This factory produces steel. (不可数) We need various steels. (可数) c. 当物质名词表示份数时，可数。

Our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。

Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。 2） 抽象名词有时也可数。

four freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizations四个现代化 物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量。如： a glass of water 一杯水 a piece of advice 一条建议

名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。 定语名词的复数

1) 用复数作定语。

如：sports meeting 运动会

students reading-room 学生阅览室 talks table 谈判桌

the foreign languages department 外语系

2) man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。 如：men workers women teachers gentlemen officials 3) 有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。

如：goods train (货车) arms produce 武器生产 customs papers 海关文件 clothes brush衣刷 4) 数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。

如：two-dozen eggs 两打/（二十四个鸡蛋） a ten-mile walk 十里路 two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan. 一个五年计划 个别的有用复数作定语的，如： a seven-years child 名称 总称(谓语用复数) 一个人 两个人 中国人 the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese 瑞士人 the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss 澳大利亚人the an two

Australians Australian Australians 俄国人 the Russians a Russian two Russians 意大利人 the Italians an Italian two Italians 希腊人 the Greek a Greek two Greeks

法国人 the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen 日本人 the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese 美国人 the Americans an American two Americans 印度人 the Indians an Indian two Indians 加拿大人 the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians 德国人 the Germans a Germans two Germans

英国the Englishan Englishman two Englishmen 瑞典人 the Swedish a Swede two Swedes 名词的格

在英语中有些名词可以加\来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：a teacher's book。名词所有格的规则如下：

1） 单数名词词尾加\，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加\，如the boy's bag 男孩的书包，men's room 男厕所。

2） 若名词已有复数词尾-s ，只加\，如：the workers' struggle 工人的斗争。

3） 凡不能加\的名词，都可以用\名词+of +名词\的结构来表示所有关系，如：the title of the song 歌的名字。

4） 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：the barber's 理发店。

5） 如果两个名词并列，并且分别有's，则表示\分别有\；只有一个's，则表示'共有 如：John's and Mary's room（两间） John and Mary's room（一间） 6） 复合名词或短语，'s 加在最后一个词的词尾。 如：a month or two's absence

主谓一致：1）：可数名词单数和不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。There is a pen on the desk.The milk is hot.

2）复数名词做主语时，谓语用复数。如：Some students are playing football on the playground. 3）family,class,team,group单复数根据具体情况而定（指整个集体视为单数:His family are sports lovers.）

集合名词 :police,people只用作复数

4）姓的复数与冠词连用，表示“全家人”或“夫妇二人”，作主语时，谓语用复数。如：The Greens are watching Tv now.

5．）无论是可数名词还是不可数名词，如果其前面用了表示数量的“of”词组时，谓语动词的单数形式取决于“of词组”中表示数量的名词的单复数如：

There is a map of tea on the table. There are two glasses of water on the table There is a basket of apples under the bed.

(三) 例题解析

1. Lucy and Lily＿＿＿in the same class. A. am B. is C. are D. be

2. Which is the ＿＿＿to the bus stop， please?

A road B way C street D address 3. Hurry up!There is＿＿＿ time left. A little B a little C few D a few

4. How many ＿＿＿can you see in the picture?

A tomatos B tomatoes C tomato D the tomato 5. — ＿＿＿is the meat. Please? — Ten yuan a kilo.

6 The boy's name is James Allen Green. So his given name is＿＿＿. A James Allen B Allen Green C James Green D Mr. Green 7 Shanghai is one of the biggest＿＿＿in our country. A city B city's C citys D cities 8 Would you please pass me＿＿＿? A two paper B two papers

C two pieces of paper D two pieces of papers 9 September 10th is ＿＿＿Day.

A Teacher B Teachers C Teacher's D Teachers' 10 I only have＿＿＿ bread for lunch today. A a bit B a bit of C little D few 11 “What would you like, Ann? ”“I'd like two＿＿＿.” A glass of milk B glasses of milk C glass of milks D glasses of milks

12 There isn't ＿＿＿ paper in the box. Will you go and get ＿＿＿ for me? A any, some B any, any C some, some D some, any 13 June 1st is＿＿＿.

A Children's day B children's Day C Children's Day D children's day 14 These foreign friends are＿＿＿.

A German B Germen C Germany D Germans

15 All the students are busy, so＿＿＿ of them will go to the cinema. A many B little C a few D few

16 There are three＿＿＿and seven＿＿＿in the picture. A deers, sheeps B deers, sheep C deer, sheep Ddeer, sheeps

17 Whose room is this? It's＿＿＿. A my B Kike's and John's C our D Kike and John's

1［答案］C.

［析］由and连接两个单数名词作主语时应按复数名词来搭配谓语动词。 2［答案］B.

［析］这是考察同意词辨析，road是指较宽阔的大道，意为“乡间公路”，而street意为道路两边的建筑物较高，可视为街道之意，而way则多为要到达某地所要经过的途径，还可引深为方式、方法。而address则为“地址”。如：There is a car running along the country road. I live at 105 Park street. Can you show me the way to the National Museum?

3 ［答案］A.

［析］因time作为时间讲为不可数名词，所以不可用few，a few来修饰。另外，英文的表达法与中文不同，中文讲，快点，时间不多了，而英文要讲，快点，没时间了。因此，要用little而不用a little. 4 ［答案］B.

［析］用How many提问时，其名词要用复数形式，而tomato的复数要加es. A How much B How many C How old D How long 5 ［答案］A.

［析］由对话的答语可看出其问句问的是价格。钱数作为整体、价格讲时，不论其值是多少都是不可数名词，要用

how much 提问。 6［答案］A.

［析］英文的习惯与中文不同，中文是姓在前名字在后，而英文则是姓在最后，其第一个名字是由父母所起的，中

间的名字可能是父母、教父所起的，但都可称作given name,而姓在英文中是family name. 7［答案］D.

［析］复音字母以y结尾的单词的复数形式要把y变成i再加es。one of 加名词的结构中的名词应用复数。

8［答案］C.

［析］paper是不可数名词，如讲一张、两张纸时，要用量词piece. 9［答案］D. 10［答案］B. 11［答案］B. 12［答案］A.

［析］any用于否定句与疑问句，但如果要表达说话者真心实意希望得到肯定答复时，问句中要用some而不要按一

般语法规律用any. 13［答案］C. 14［答案］D. 15［答案］D.

［析］student是可数名词，而few用于可数名词，意为：几乎没有学生去电影院。 16［答案］C.

［析］deer与sheep均是单复同形的名词。 17［答案］D.

［析］因为room为单数，所以不可能是Kike的一间与John的一间，应为二者共用的一间房子。

9. They didn’t learn _______ new in this lesson.

10. ---Why is ______ easy for such a young girl to learn three foreign languages so well? ---Because Britain, Germany and France are all very near ______ country. 四. 用适当的疑问代词和关系代词填空

1. ______ is the population of the world today?

2. _______ jumped the longest of all in the long jump? 3. --- _______ colour is your mother’s dress? ---It’s black.

4. ---______ is your car?

---The red one in front of the tree.

5. ---______ of the following can you often find on a medicine bottle? ---I know, sir. It’s instruction.

6. The necklace ______ she is wearing is beautiful. 7. Do you know the person _______ lost his bike?

8. Most people _______ live in less developed countries are quite poor. 9. The boy ______ is helping the old man is John’s brother.

10. People ______ use credit cards to buy things online should be very careful 【练习答案】

一. 1.B 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.A 11.C 12.D 13.A 14.C 15.A 16.B 17.C 18.A 19.C 20.C 二.1.Mine 2.our 3.hers 4.yourself 5.himself 6.ours 7.mine 8.yours 9.him 10.yourselves

三. 1..the other 2.others 3.a little 4. none 5.Both 6.yourselves 7.something 8.none 9.anything 10.it; her

四. 1. What 2. Who 3. What 4. Which 5. Which 6. that/ which 7. that/ who 8. who/that 9. who/ that 10. who/ that

六、形容词和副词

1． 形容词

1） 形容词作定语，一般放于被修饰的名词之前。如：Jenny is a nice girl. He has a beautiful car.

2） 形容词修饰不定代词，应放于不定代词的后面作后置定语。如：

I have something important to tell you.There is nothing wrong with my watch. 2.形容词作表语。

形容词可以用在动词的后面作表语，系动词有be,grow,get,become,seem,look,keep,smell,taste,sound,turn.等。如： The days will get longer when spring comes. You all look fine. 形容词的位置在宾语之后。如：The news made everyone happy. 4．名词化的形容词。

形容词与冠词一起表示某一类人 或物，在句中作主语或宾语，起名词的作用。如：The young should be police to the old. 二，副词

1， 副词的构成（1）许多词既是形容词，又是副词，如hard ,high,early,well,fast等

(2)许多副词由形容词转化而来：方法是形容词词尾加ly，如：carefully,slowly,quickly等。注意：A，结尾y的，变y 为I再加-ly，如busy-busily,happy-happily.

B.以e 结尾的，大部分直接加-ly，如：wide- widely,brave-bravely有几个特殊的要去e后再加-y,如：true-truly,terrible- terriblely. possible – possiblely

(3) 有些带ly 副词与其相应的形容词意义不一样。如：

hard困难的 near 附近的 late 迟的 hardly 几乎不 nearly 差不多 lately 近来的 2． 副词的分类：（1）时间副词now,usually,often sometimes,always （2）地点副词here,there,out,outside （3）方式副词hard,well,fast,slowly （4）程度副词very,much,till,almost （5）疑问副词how why,where,when （6）连接副词whether,why ,when,how 三．形容词和副词的比较级和最高级

大多数形容词有三个等级：原级（即原形） 比较级：表示“较----”或“更―――一些”。最高级：表示“最―――”之意。

形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成

规则变化：单音节和少数双音节词的构成变化如下：

1. 单音节和少数双音节形容词。

1) 加-er,如smart －smarter; calm －calmer。

2) 以e结尾的直接加-r,如large －larger; nice －nicer。

3) 只有一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,双写这个辅音字母,再加-er,如thin －thinner; fat －fatter; big －bigger; hot －hotter。

4) 以辅音字母加y结尾,先将y改为i,再加-er。如easy －easier; early －earlier; funny －funnier。

2. 部分双音节和多音节形容词,由\+ 原级\构成。如serious —more serious; outgoing －more outgoing; athletic －more athletic。

3. 不规则形容词,要记住它们的比较级。good －better; well －better; bad －worse; ill －worse; many －more; much －more; little －less

不规则变化： 原级 Good/well Bad/badly Many/much Little Far old 形容词和副词的比较级的用法 级 比较级 用法 表示两者（人或事物）的比较。副词比较级的用法与形容词相似。在“比较级＋than”的句中，当than前后所使用的动词相同时，通常用助动词代替后面的动词。改为动词或助动词可以省掉。 表示三者或三者的（人或事物）比较，其中一个在某一个或某一方面超过其他几个时，用最高级的前面一般要加定冠词（副词可省掉the）,后面可带of(in)短语来说明比较的范围。 例句 This cake is more delicious than that one ;Who runs faster than Jim(did) He works much harder that I (do) This picture is the most beautiful of the classroom;.Lin Tao jumped farthest in our class;Lucy sings (the)best of all. 比较级 Better Worse More Less Farther Further 最高级 Best Worst Most Least Farthest Furthest Oldest/eldest 最高级 注：形容词和副词的比较级前，有时可以用much,a little,even,a lot等词来修饰，表比较的程度。如：much better,a little taller.

同级比较：１，表示甲与乙相同用“as+形容词／副词原形＋as”的句型。如：It is important as English.Tom runs as fast as Jack. ２．表示甲不及乙时用“not as (so)+ 形容词／副词原形＋as”的句型，如：It is not as (so)warm today as yesterday.

He did not come as (so)early as WangLin.

几个特殊的比较级的句型：（１）比较级＋比较级，表示“越来越――”如He is more and more interested in English.It is getting hotter and hotter. (2)倍数表达：be + 倍数＋形容词原形＋as+被比对象；

This bag is four times as heavy as that one.be＋倍数＋比较级＋than+被比对象。 The +比较级＋主谓；the +比较级＋主谓 连词

连词是一种虚词， 它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。如：and, but, or, nor, so, therefore, yet, however, for, hence, as well as, both?and, not only?but also, either?or, neither?nor, (and)then等等 并列连词引导两个并列的句子 and 与or

and 连接两并列结构中，or通常用于否定句，and用于肯定句。 个并列的谓语 and 连接两个并列的动词不定式 both ?and 两者都

She plays (both) the piano and the guitar not only?but (also), as well as不但?而且）

She plays not only the piano, but (also) the guitar.

注意： not only? but also 关联两个分句时，一个分句因有否定词not 而必须倒装。 Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some. neithe?nor 意思为\既不??也不??\谓语动词采用就近原则，与nor后的词保持一致。 Neither you nor he is to blame. or 意思为\否则\。

I must work hard, or I'll fail in the exam.

either?or 意思为\或者??或者??\。注意谓语动词采用就近原则。 Either you or I am right

not?but? 意思为\不是??而是??\

not 和but 后面的用词要遵循一致原则。

They were not the bones of an animal, but (the bones) of a human being although? yet?，但although不与 but连用

so与such辨析：such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词. 词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many，few，much， little连用，形成固定搭配。 so + adj. such + a(n) + n.

so + adj. + a(n) + n. such + n. (pl.) so + adj. + n. (pl.) such +n. (pl.) so + adj. + n. [不可数] such +n. [不可数] so foolish such a fool

so nice a flower such a nice flower so many/ few flowers such nice flowers so much/little money. such rapid progress so many people such a lot of people

so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such搭配。 so?that与such?that之间的转换既为 so与such之间的转换

(三) 例题解析

1 I think Chinese is ＿＿＿ than maths. Ａ. interesting B more interesting

C. most interesting D. the most interesting 

2 - What does Lucy like better, singing or dancing? - Singing. of course. She's known to ＿＿＿ it.

A. be good at B. be good for C. be bad at D. be bad for  3 The Huang He River is one of ＿＿＿ in China. A. The long river B. the longest river C. the longest rivers D. the longer river 

4 The girl was ＿＿＿ afraid ＿＿＿ she threw her bag away. A. so, that B. too, to C. too, that D. enough, to  5 It was ＿＿＿ yesterday than today. A. hot B. hoter C. hotter D. the hottest 

6 Which subject do you like ＿＿＿ , English Chinese or maths? A. best B. well C. better D. good 

7 None of the students watched it ＿＿＿ . A. careful enough B. enough carefully 8 ＿＿＿ she eats, ＿＿＿ she'll be. A. More?fat B. The more?fatter

C. More?the fatter D. The more?the fatter  9 I don't think English is ＿＿＿ Chinese. A. as important as B. not important as C. not so important D. important as 

10 Miss Gao is a good English teacher. The students in her class ＿＿＿ English. A. are interested in B. are interesting in C. are interested at D. are interesting to 

11 The twins are together most of the time. So they never feel ＿ .A. alone B. lonely C. happily D. friendly 

12 What a ＿＿＿ cough! You seem ＿＿＿ ill. A. terrible, terribly B. terribly, terrible C. terrible, terrible D. terribly, terribly 

13 The two friends were ＿＿＿ pleased to see each other that they forgot everything. A. so B. too C. very D. much 

14 Which is ＿＿＿ , Li Lei's box or Han Meimei's box? A. heavy B. heavier C. more heavier D. the heaviest 

15 You don't like the same colours and I don't like them, ＿＿＿ . A. too B. also C. either D. neither 

16 Jim is ＿＿＿ at all his lessons. And I'm sure he'll do very ＿＿＿ in the exams. A. well, good B. good, well C. well, well D. good, good  17 You look ＿＿＿ than before， why? A. more thin B. more thinner

C. much more thin D. much thinner  

18 Let's go out for supper now. I'm very ＿＿＿ . A. hungry B. angry C. tired D. thirsty  19 - Can you understand me?

- Sorry, I can ＿＿＿ understand you. A. hardly B. almost C. even D. ever 

20 \＿＿＿ do you write to your penfriend?\ \

A. How often B. How soon C. How much D. How long  21 Changjiang River is ＿＿＿ river in China  A. long B. longer C. longest D. the longest  22 I'll work ＿＿＿ I can.

A. so hardly as B. so hard as C. as hardly as D. as hard as  23 It is very ＿＿＿ to listen to him.

A. interested B. interesting C. interested in D. interest  24 Things are ＿＿＿ worse than I thought. A. more B. few C. very D. much 

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