TEM-4语法考点小结

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As用法小结

一、as用作从属连词,引导让步状语从句,使用部分倒装:分词、副词、形容词、名词+ as + 主语 + 谓语动词. ________, he does get annoyed with her sometimes.

A) Although much he likes her B) Much although he likes her C) As he likes her much D) Much as he likes her (00.6.49 题) 答案:D

二、as 用作从属连词,引导比较、方式 (原因) 状语从句. 1. Americans eat ________ as they actually need every day. A) twice as much protein B) twice protein as much twice C) twice protein as much D) protein as twice much (98.6.56题) 答案:A (倍数表达此处为:\倍数+as...+as...\

2. Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patients do not take drugs ________ directed. A) like B) so C) which D) as (96.1.37题) 答案:D

三、as用作关系代词,引导定语从句,置前或放后.

1. ________might be expected, the response to the question was very mixed. A) As B) That C) It D) What (96.6.27题) 答案:A

2. I hope all the precautions against air pollution, ______ suggested by the local government, will be seriously considered here.

A) while B) since C) after D) as (99.6.53题) 答案:D

四、词组so/as long as引导条件状语从句.

1. ______he works hard, I don't mind when he finishes the experiment. A) As soon as B) As well as C) So far as D) So long as (98.1.35题) 答案:D

2. He will surely finish the job on time ________he's left to do it in his own way. A) in that B) in case C) as far as D) so long as (00.12.61题) 答案:D

五、由as构成的短语,作宾语补足语、定语、谓语等.

1. After a few rounds of talks, both sides regarded the territory dispute ________. A) being settled B) to be settled C) had settled D) as settled (98.6.66题)

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答案:D (regard... as...)

2. Studies show that the things that contribute most to a sense of happiness cannot be bought, ________a good family life, friendship and work satisfaction.

A) as for B) in view of C) in case of D) such as (97.6.51题) 答案:D (such as)

倒装结构例析

英语句子最基本的结构是主、谓结构,倒装就是将这种比较固定的词序加以颠倒.英语的倒装有两种形式.一种是将句子的主语和谓语完全颠倒过来,称为完全倒装,如:Then began an eight-year war between Iran and Iraq. (于是伊朗和伊拉克之间开始了长达八年的战争.);

另一种是只将助动词(包括情态助动词)移到主语之前,称为部分倒装,如:Seldom can she finish her task in a short time. (她很难在短时间内完成任务.)

引起倒装的情况有很多, 考试中常见的主要有以下几种.下面举例说明. 一、虚拟条件句中的倒装

例1:________for my illness, I would have lent him a helping hand. A) Not being B) Had it not been C) Without being D) Not having been

本题答案为B).本句意思是:要是我没有生病,我肯定会给他帮助的.从主句的谓语可以看出,本题是过去时的虚拟语气,从句谓语应该用过去完成时.由于省略了连词if ,所以将 had 移到句首构成倒装结构. 例2:________before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party. A) Had they arrived B) Would they arrive C) Were they arriving D) Were they to arrive

本题答案为D).本句是将来时的虚拟语气,这点从从句的时间状语the day after tomorrow 可以看出.因此从句的谓语应用should或were to+动词原形.由于从句省略了连词if,就应将 should或were移到句首,形成倒装. 二、表示否定意义的词或词组位于句首

例1:We have been told that under no circumstances ________the telephone in the office for personal affairs. A) may we use B) we may use C) we could use D) did we use

本题答案为A).本句中的否定短语under no circumstances位于宾语从句句首,句子需要用倒装 ,故B)和C)错误,D)项时态不对.本句意思是:我们被告之,在任何情况下都不能因私事而使用办公室的电话. 例2:Not until the game had begun ______ at the sports ground.

A) should he have arrived B) had he arrived C) did he arrive D) would he have arrived

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本题答案为C).本句将not until置于句首,主句要倒装.由于从句用的是过去完成时,因此主句应用一般过去时.本句意思是:直到比赛开始了,他才到运动场. 三、让步状语从句的倒装

例如:________, he does get annoyed with her sometimes. A) As he likes her much B) Although much he likes her C) Much as he likes her D) Much although he likes her

本题答案为C).本句是由as引导的让步状语从句,需要使用倒装语序,将状语放到句首,故C)正确.本句意思是:虽然他很喜欢她,但他有时候也觉得她很讨厌. 四、only位于句首的倒装

例如:Only under special circumstances ______to take make-up tests. A) are freshmen permitted B) freshmen are permitted C) permitted are freshmen D) are permitted freshmen

本题答案为A).以\副词(介词短语、状语从句)\开头的句子需要用倒装结构,B)和C)没有用倒装结构,而D)却用了错误的倒装结构.本句的意思是:一年级的学生只有在特殊情况下才允许补考. 五、neither, nor, so等位于句首的倒装

例如:I could not persuade him to accept it, ________make him see the importance of it. A) if only I could not B) no more than I could C) or I could not D) nor could I

本题答案为D).本句是考查nor引导的倒装结构,nor表示\也不\的意思.本句意思是:我无法说服他接受它,我也无法让他认识到这件事的重要性. 六、为了保持句子平衡而使用的倒装

英语句子有时候会出现主语太长而谓语太短的情况,为了保持句子平衡,或者为了使句子与前文衔接紧凑,常常将谓语和状语一起放在主语之前.有时为了强调,将某一成分移到句首,因而形成倒装结构.

例1:They erected a bronze tablet on which was carved \他们立了一块铜牌,上面写着\黄河之源\

例2:The girl who loves him so deeply finds herself unable to forgive his mistake. Around this point develops the sketch, which is humorous and full of a strong local flavor. 那个深爱他的女孩觉得她不能原谅他的错误.围绕这一点就写成了这一短剧.它不但幽默,而且充满了浓郁的地方风味.

非谓语动词等语法项目的测试特点和应对策略

1) 谓语动词与非谓语动词的判断

对谓语动词与非谓语动词区别的考查主要集中在独立主格结构，如：

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All flights ___ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train. A. had been canceled B. have been canceled C. were canceled D. having been canceled

四个选项中有三个是谓语动词，只有D是非谓语动词，只要同学们能判断出这里是非谓语动词做状语，则不用考虑时态的问题，答案自明。 2) 谓语动词后不定式与动名词的选择

谓语动词后是接不定式还是接动名词也是四级语法测试中的一个题眼。如： ① I don't mind ____ the decision as long as it is not too late.

A. you to delay making B. your delaying making C. your delaying to make D. you delay to make ② Had I remembered ____ the windows, the thief would not have got in. A. to close B. closing C. to have closed D. having closed ③ Your hair wants ______ . You'd better have it done tomorrow. A. cut B. to cut C. cutting D. being cut 这类题涉及三个方面：

谓语动词后应该接不定式还是动名词？

既可接不定式又可接动名词时，结构和意思上有何差别？ 不定式与动名词用主动形式还是用被动形式？ 3) 做定语的非谓语动词的选择

(1)对一般概念的考查，而不是固定结构中的非谓语动词做定语。如：

① The project ____ by the end of 2000, will expand the city's telephone network to cover 1,000,000 users. A. accomplished B. being accomplished C. to be accomplished D. having been accomplished

② If I correct someone, I will do it with so much good humor and self-restraint as if I were the one ______. A. to correct B. correcting C. having been corrected D. being corrected

只要掌握非谓语动词做定语的一般的规律,就可以判断①题答案为C，②题答案为D。 (2)对固定结构的考查，如：

① The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _____ his arguments in favor of the new theory. A. to be based on B. to base on C. which to base on D. on which to base

② The pressure _____ causes Americans to be energetic, but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain. A. to compete B. competing C. to be competed D. having competed

①题为不定式做定语的固定形式，答案为D，②题为某些特定名词的定语结构，答案为A。在英语中有些名词，如动词变来的名词，形容词变来的名词，以及means,way, time, moment, reason等要求其后用不定式做定语，不定式没有体的变化。 4) 做状语的非谓语动词的选择

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做状语的非谓语动词主要考查其各种形式的选择，如：

① ______ the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth. A. Having believed B. Believing C. Believed D. Being Believed

② _______ a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at least a master's degree. A. To become B. Become C. One becomes D. On becoming

③ Realizing that he hadn't enough money and ____ to borrow from his father, he decided to sell his watch. A. not wanted B. no to want C. not wanting D. wanting not ④ ___ it or not, his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles. A. Believe B. To believe C. Believing D. Believed 从以上各题来看，考查的侧重点有： (1)状语类别的判断

不同的状语对非谓语动词的要求不同，目的状语要求用不定式，如②。 (2)非谓语动词与句子主语之间的逻辑关系

根据主谓关系或动宾关系的不同来确定用现在分词还是用过去分词。如 ①。 (3)非谓语动词的否定形式

not否定非谓语动词时置于非谓语动词之前，如③。 (4) 独立成分

有些非谓语动词的使用不受与句子主语关系的限制，称为独立成分，这类成分只记忆即可。如generally speaking, judging from..., to tell the truth..., 等。 5) 做补足语的非谓语动词的选择

做宾语补足语的非谓语动词受谓语动词的限制，不同动词后的宾语补足语形式要求不同。 如： ① They are going to have the service man ____ an electric fan in the office tomorrow. A. install B. to install C. to be installed D. installed

② After a few rounds of talks, both sides regarded the territory dispute ______. A. being settled B. to be settled C. had settled D. as settled ③ You will see this product ____ wherever you go.

A. to be advertised B. advertised C. advertise D. advertising ④ His remarks left me _____ about his real purpose. A. wondered B. wonder C. to wonder D. wondering

⑤ When I caught him ______ me I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop. A. cheating B. cheat C. to cheat D. to be cheating

⑥ The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience _____ on benches, chairs or boxes.

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