21世纪大学英语读写教程（第二册）课文翻译及课后答案1-7单元1

一份耕耘，一份收获 答案只是参考，请大家努力自学

21世纪大学英语读写教程(第二册)课文翻译及课后答案

第一单元 UNIT1 翻译

TEXT A

温斯顿?丘吉尔——他的另一种生活

玛丽?索姆斯

我的父亲温斯顿?丘吉尔是在40几岁开始迷恋上绘画的，当时他正身处逆境。1915年，作为海军大臣，他深深地卷入了达达尼尔海峡的一场战役。原本那次战役是能够缩短一场血腥的世界大战的，但它却失败了，人员伤亡惨重，为此丘吉尔作为公务员和个人都付出了代价：他被免去了海军部的职务，失去了显赫的政治地位。

“我本以为他会因忧伤而死的。”他的妻子克莱门泰因说。被这一不幸压垮的他同家人一起退隐到萨里郡的一个乡间居处---耘锄农场。在那儿，正如丘吉尔日后所回忆的，“绘画女神拯救了我!”

一天他正在花园里漫步，正巧碰上他的弟妹在用水彩画素描。他观看了她几分钟，然后借过她的画笔，试了一下身手----于是缪斯女神施展了她的魔法。自那天以后，温斯顿便爱上了绘画。

任何能让沉浸在忧思中的温斯顿分心的事情都让克莱门泰因高兴。于是，她赶紧去买来她所能找到的各种颜料和画具。水彩颜料、油画颜料、纸张、帆布画布---很快耘锄农场里便堆满了一个绘画者可能想要或需要的各样东西。

画油画最终成了温斯顿的一大爱好---但是最初几步却出奇地艰难。他凝视着他的第一块空白画布，异乎寻常地紧张。他日后回忆道：“我迟疑不决地选了一管蓝色颜料，然后小心翼翼地在雪白的底子上的画上蚕豆般大小的一笔。就在这时，我听到车道上传来一辆汽车的声音，于是

一份耕耘，一份收获 答案只是参考，请大家努力自学

惊恐地丢下我的画笔。当我看清是谁从汽车里走出来时，更是惊慌失措。来者正是住在附近的著名画家约翰?莱佛利爵士的妻子。

“‘在画画呢!’她大声说道。‘多么有趣。可你还在等什么呢? 把画笔给我---大的那支。’她猛地用笔蘸起颜料，还没等我缓过神来，她已经挥笔泼墨在惊恐不已的画布上画下了有力的几道蓝色。谁都看得出画布无法回击。我不再迟疑。我抓起那支最大的画笔，迅猛异常地向我可怜的牺牲品扑了过去。自那以后，我再也不曾害怕过画布。”

后来教丘吉尔画画的莱佛利曾经说起过他这位不同寻常的学生的艺术才能：“如果他当初选择的是绘画而不是政治，他定会成为一位驾驭画笔的大师。”

在绘画中，丘吉尔发现了一个将陪他走过大半人生的伴侣。1921年，他的母亲去世，两个月后，他又失去了他和克莱门泰因的3岁爱女玛丽戈尔德。那时，绘画是他的慰藉。悲痛欲绝的温斯顿住到了苏格兰朋友们的家中---并在他的绘画中寻得安慰。他写信给克莱门泰因：“我外出画了一条在午后阳光下的美丽的河流，背景是红色和金黄色的山峦。爱怜的思绪油然而生??啊，我一直感受到失去玛丽戈尔德的痛楚。”

生命、爱和希望慢慢地复苏了。1922年9月，克莱门泰因和温斯顿的另一个孩子出生了：那就是我。同年，温斯顿买下了查特威尔，这是他将在以后40年里画出其所有不同风貌的他所钟爱的家。

20世纪20年代中期，我父亲在伦敦举行的一次享有盛名的业余画展中赢得了一等奖，当时他一定颇为得意。参赛作品不署名，所以一些评委坚持认为温斯顿的画---有关查特威尔的第一批画作中的一幅---是一位专业画家而不是一位业余画家的作品，所以应该取消其参赛资格。但最后，他们同意信赖那位艺术家的诚实，而在得知那幅画为丘吉尔所作时他们都很高兴。

史学家们一直把1929年温斯顿再次被免职后的10年称为他无所作为的十年。也许政治上那些年（他）的确毫无作为，因为他一个人大声

一份耕耘，一份收获 答案只是参考，请大家努力自学

疾呼，想要唤醒英国人认识到来自希特勒的威胁，然而响应者寥寥无几。但在艺术上，那些年却硕果累累：现存的500多幅丘吉尔的油画中，约有一半作于1930年至1939年之间。

绘画始终是丘吉尔的一种乐趣，直到他生命的结束。“画家是幸福的，”他在他的《作为一种消遣的绘画》一书中写道，“因为他们不会孤独。光线与色彩，宁静与希望，将终日伴随着他们。” 对我的父亲来说也是这样。

Text Comprehension II．

1. It was a military campaign in which many soldiers died. The effects on Churchill were () he lost his political position and he was overwhelmed with grief.

2. He felt so inspired to paint that he was distracted from his personal problems.

3. His sister-in-law?s painting inspired him to try his hand at it; his wife rushed out to buy all the materials he would need; and the wife of Sir John Lavery helped him overcome his fear of the blank canvas.

4. The blank whiteness of the canvas made him feel he didn?t know where to begin. This nervousness was not typical of Churchill, who was known publicly as a brave and strong-willed person.

5. Churchill was comparing the canvas to an opponent in a fight, and he could now see that he need not fear his “adversary”.

6. He meant that Churchill would have been a great painter, just as he was a great politician.

7. It was his great comfort when the death of his mother was followed quickly by the death of his daughter.

8. Because the judges suspected that it was not painted by an amateur; they were later surprised and delighted because Churchill was not just a famous political figure but also a talented untrained artist.

9. No, she considers that decade an artistically fruitful one.

10. He meant that painting was like a friend who never betrayed or abandoned him. This seems to suggest that he often felt lonely, misunderstood and/or

一份耕耘，一份收获 答案只是参考，请大家努力自学

disappointed in his relationship with other people. Vocabulary III.

1.artistic 2.overcome 3.infinite 4.plunged 5.mission 6.camgpain 7.revived 8.distract 9.accustomed 10.retreat 11.precaution 12. disastrous IV.

1. delighted with 2. bore fruit 3. kept Clementine company 4. rely on 5. take refuge 6. awaken people to 7. pay the price 8. chanced upon; dated from 9. tried his hand at 10. fell upon; came to her rescue Word Building V.

1. broadens the mind 2. weakened 3. sweeten Diet Coke 4.hardens 5. strengthen 6. deepen your understanding of the course materiall 7. sharpen the kitchen knives 8. reddened 9. brighten; quickens 10. lightened VI.

1. lucky 2. wealthy 3. tasty 4. icy 5. wavy 6. smelly 7. sleepy 8. noisy (smelly is also plausible) 9. healthy 10. sunny Structure VII.

1. Amazed at the great changes that are taking place in shanghai, many foreign visitors leave China with a completely new view of our country.

2. Unpleasantly startled by the appearance of a mouse, we promptly decided to clean our apartment.

3. Tired of their own cooking, they?ve decided to go to a restaurant for a change.

4. Frightened by the horror film, the little girl was alert to every sound in the house that night.

5. Deeply disappointed with the actress?s performance, tom soon switched to another channel.

6. Embarrassed about still being in bed at 10 a.m., when my friends came I pretended to be sick with a terrible headache.

一份耕耘，一份收获 答案只是参考，请大家努力自学

VIII.

1. So I did 2. So did my brother 3. So she was 4. So they do; so do his classmates 5. So am I Cloze IX

lonely; overcame; refuge; finally; however; where; delighted; contemplated; entry; campaign; distract; plunged into; Within a month; rescue; when; overwhelming Translation X. “‘在画画呢!’她大声说道。‘多么有趣。可你还在等什么呢? 把画笔给我---大的那支。’她猛地用笔蘸起颜料，还没等我缓过神来，她已经挥笔泼墨在惊恐不已的画布上画下了有力的几道蓝色。谁都看得出画布无法回击。我不再迟疑。我抓起那支最大的画笔，迅猛异常地向我可怜的牺牲品扑了过去。自那以后，我再也不曾害怕过画布。” XI

1. When his wife died of a stroke in her sixties, the 72-year-old retired professor was overwhelmed by grief. Life would be too difficult for him without anybody to rely on.

2. Last month two amateur painters held an exhibition of their pictures in London. Many people went to see it, including a few celebrated professors. 3. When seven astronauts died in the Challenger disaster in the mid-1980s, it plunged the whole world into shock and grief.

4. After completing her second prime ministry, she remained actively involved in political affairs. She came to the rescue several times when the government was in difficulty.

5. After his failure in the election campaign, Dr. Smith retired to a small village, where he tried his hand at farming.

6. As long as you keep working hard all your life, you will recall your past with a glow of satisfaction.

7. We must awaken people to the importance of environmental protection now, or it will soon be too late.

8. That official was removed from office for being involved in a political

一份耕耘，一份收获 答案只是参考，请大家努力自学

Structure IX

1. It was for the benefit of the old people in the neighborhood that we organized this volunteer group.

2. It is only when we look back that we realize how far we have come. 3. It is his secretary who does all the work.

4. It is through the act of giving that we experience our fullest strength and power.

5. It was gold that led them to undertake the long and risky journey to California.

6. As I recall, it was you who suggested this idea in the first place.

7. It wasn?t until last week that they finished their report on the project. 8. It?s her beautiful eyes that I can?t forget. X.

1. The elephant weighs about 3,600 kg, whereas the blue whale weighs up to 130, 000 kg.

2.The word ?youngster? has a cheerful connotation, whereas ?offspring? sounds rather clinical.

3. Confucianism emphasizes family ties, whereas Protestantism teaches individual responsibility.

4.The earliest mammals appeared on the earth hundred millions years ago, whereas the first evidence of humans dates from only about one million year ago.

5. The aim of the natural science is to predict and control natural process, whereas the aim of the social science is to understand human behavior. 6. He must be about sixty, whereas his wife looks about thirty. Translation XI.

儒教也为亚洲人的成功提供了另一个要素。在孔夫子的哲学中，家庭起着最重要的作用----这种定向引导人们为家庭的荣誉而学习工作，而不仅仅是为了他们自己。一个人永远无法报答他的父母，而且在亚洲人中间还有一种责任感、乃至负罪感，这是一种如同新教哲学在西方一样的强大力量。 XII.

一份耕耘，一份收获 答案只是参考，请大家努力自学

9. Female students constitute the majority of our class. By contrast, their class is made up of males only.

10. American children can usually watch TV three hours a day, whereas their Chinese counterparts have to work on their homework during most their after-school time.

11. His development of a series of new research methods led to his huge success. He said he owed all this to his parents? encouragement.

12. He resented being excluded from discussions that directly concerned his future.

13. The fact that these problems are continually showing up suggests that this new device has to be readjusted.

14. As one of the many Asian students who have surged into the best American universities in recent years, Zhang Hua says that many of his ideas are based on traditional Chinese philosophy.

15. To start with, it is not merely money that makes Mr. Young work so hard. He is committed to educating the young and tires to motivate them to get ahead in life.

16. As time was running out, we drove even faster in the hope that we could make it to the airport in time. Cloze XIII

1. immigrant 2. than 3. obligation 4. motivated 5. widespread

6. however 7. although 8. discrimination 9. but/although 10. One day 11. guilty 12. horrified 13. repay 14. owe Reading Analysis XII.

Stevenson offered three recommendations:

To start with, we need higher standards for our kids second, American parents need to become more committed to their children?s education. And third, our school could be reorganized in simple but effective ways. Structured Writing

XIII. One example, for reference

Students at our university admire their English teachers for three main reasons.

一份耕耘，一份收获 答案只是参考，请大家努力自学

To start with, the teachers? hard work and dedication are highly inspiring to us. Second, the wonderfully creative lessons they prepare strongly motivate us to study as hard as we should. And third, our teachers? warmly human characters create bonds of friendship that will last forever. 第三单元 翻译 UNIT3 TEXT A

一个文化翻译的故事

西方和日本公司的合资企业经常会发生冲突----许多无关紧要的琐事会扩大为情绪激动的交战， 各方不停地叫嚷：“他们是怎么了!?他们能不能理解???!” 但是因为冲突主要是由文化差异引起的，所以没有一方能够理解----除非他们有一名“文化翻译”。

我遇到的第一位文化翻译是一位设备安装工程师，名叫乔治，他在一家我担任国际业务部主任的美国公司里工作。 这家公司刚同一家日本商社开办了一家合资企业，美方管理部门需要有人在它的独特技术方面培训日本雇员。乔治对设备及其安装和使用的透彻了解使他成为最能胜任这项工作的雇员， 所以当乔治接受了暂时调往日本的一份两年期合同时，大家都很高兴。

从一开始，乔治就被所有的日本雇员欣然接受。日方经理通常不信任任何被派去代表美方业主的人，但乔治生性随和，没有人把他看作是对自己职业的一种威胁。所以他们喜欢就广泛的各类问题征求他的意见，包括大洋彼岸他们的合作伙伴的古怪行为。公司上下的工程师们都珍视乔治的专业知识和他友好而技能熟练的帮助，他们已养成了一有问题----任何问题，就找他帮忙的习惯。办公室里的秘书们都热衷于帮助这个讨人喜欢的单身汉学习日语。

谁也没有料到那么快公司就成了一家赢利、兴旺、日益壮大的企业。乔治的第一份两年期合同到期了。这时，他已经能讲很好的日语，并养成了一些日本人的习惯。他整天喝绿茶，顿顿吃米饭，甚至学会了正确

一份耕耘，一份收获 答案只是参考，请大家努力自学

地坐榻榻米。所以，当公司向乔治提出在日本的第二份两年期合同的建议时，他立即就接受了。之后又有第三份合同，乔治与日本文化的情缘在继续着。

但是当乔治在这个国家的第6个年头即将结束时，一个未曾料到的困难变得显而易见了：日本工程师对迅速更新的技术的了解已经超过了乔治。他没有什么剩下的东西可以教他们了。

难道这就是可怜的乔治的结局吗? 他对于这家他曾经如此忠诚地服务过的、现已成熟的合资企业，就再也没有什么可以贡献的了吗? 他只得离开他已开始爱上的这个国家吗? 不! 面对着要离开日本的威胁，乔治心有不甘，于是将自己重新塑造成了一名“文化翻译”。

一天，这家合资企业的日方总裁----又一次----被来自美方管理层的一份电文激怒了，乔治就是在那一天产生了做一名“文化翻译”这一想法的。像通常碰到类似的情况时一样，日方总裁冲进乔治的办公室，怒气冲冲地将那份电文扔到了他面前。乔治也同往常一样，读了电文，然后心平气和地解释了美国人这样说的真正意思，而不是在日本文化背景下听上去的那种意思。

对大家来说都很幸运的是，合资企业的日方和美方都已经听说过足够多的有关文化冲突的骇人故事，他们能够认识到乔治的技能的价值，所以当他为自己提出这个新的职位时，这个想法很快便被采纳了。在这几年中，这一决定的英明一次又一次地得到了证明。

有时我们需要比熟练的英语远为重要的东西。当日方会计师不得不解释花在874份十二月假日礼物上的46,534美元时，就是这么一种情况。或者当日方人事经理不得不说明即使公司不再需要一个化学师的专业知识仍要继续聘用他的理由时也是如此。在诸如此类的情况下，人人都求助于乔治。

他用各种办法让他们的电文使美国人听上去至少有一部分道理。当有些事连乔治也无法“译”成美国式的含义时，他会写道：“这听上去很

一份耕耘，一份收获 答案只是参考，请大家努力自学

荒唐，但你们无论如何也应该同意。”

反之亦然。当美方经理们访问日本时，乔治便处处陪着我们，以确保我们不会做出或说出任何在日本人看来十分愚蠢的事或话来。 一旦我们做了蠢事， 说了蠢话，他马上就来解救：“他们真正的意思是??”多亏乔治有办法在小冲突激化、情绪化、造成巨大损失之前就将其化解，公司从未出现过成堆的麻烦。

自把那家公司交到能干的乔治手中以来， 我已经在国际业务方面为许多公司出谋划策。我的第一条建议总是相同的：不要担心语言问题------你首先需要的是一名文化翻译。方面为许多公司出谋划策。我的第一条建议总是相同的：不要担心语言问题------你首先需要的是一名文化翻译。 Text comprehension II.

1. The author is talking about cultural differences: different ways of doing things in different cultures; different attitudes, traditions, beliefs, etc. she or he says neither side can understand because people are not usually conscious of their deepest cultural attitudes.

2. The American company George worked for started a joint venture with a Japanese firm, and they needed someone to train the Japanese engineers. George was the most highly qualified employee for the position, and he accepted a two-year contract for temporary transfer to Japan.

3. The Japanese liked George?s nonassertive nature, his expertise and his willingness to help; it?s also implied that they liked his efforts to learn Japanese, and that the secretaries liked the fact that he was single. These qualities contributed to his becoming a cultural translator by making the Japanese trust him, feel comfortable with him, and grow accustomed to asking him for all kinds of advice.

4. He had to ?reinvent? himself because his expertise as an engineer was no longer needed, but he didn?t want to leave Japan. The company accepted his ?reinvention? because they had heard lots of horror stories about cultural conflicts and recognized the value of having someone like George around. 5. The author means that the misunderstandings were not always merely

一份耕耘，一份收获 答案只是参考，请大家努力自学

不到一个月，普丽西拉就在一家餐馆找到了一份工作，并搬到了西雅图贫民区一套低廉的公寓房去住。她还报名参加了城里的一个职业培训班，学的是秘书专业。那是一种很难适应的生活方式。“我早上6点起床，坐很长时间的公交车去学校，下午2点下课，3点开始工作， 晚上11点下班，然后回到家就累垮了。”

普丽西拉不久就发现她在餐馆的那份工作的收入还不够她维持生计。“于是我找到我那幢公寓楼的楼主，问有没有什么清洁工作可以让我做。他因为同情我，便同意让我每月工作30个小时。”

职业培训班按计划要历时6个月。但普丽西拉只用了４个月就读完了。“他们教我各种办公技能和文字处理程序。我还学会了如何在办公室环境里接电话，以及如何撰写得体的商业函件，”她说。培训班帮普丽西拉在一家小公司找到了一份秘书工作。“这是我第一份像样的工作，”她说。“我那时19岁，独立生活，每年挣15000美元。”

普丽西拉重新向华盛顿大学提出入学申请并被录取了。因为她在经济上不依赖于父母已超过了两年，所以她还有资格申请经济资助。自1990年秋季开始，普丽西拉终于成为一名大学生----她白天做全日制秘书，晚上做全日制学生。

要做到工作学习两不误很困难。“我要一直熬夜学习，每天一大早又要去上班。我上课时很难集中思想，上班时也很难受，因为我实在太累了，”她说。不过她第一学期最后还是得了两个A。

普丽西拉决定攻读考古专业， 并在1992年夏天获得了检验自己对这一学科兴趣的第一个机会。华盛顿州立大学的野外考古中心正在发起一个夏季研究项目，发掘位于华盛顿州斯内克河边的一个遗址。普丽西拉全力投入这项工作，给项目管理人留下了深刻印象。 夏季结束时， 有一个教授给她提供了一份工作。“他说，‘我们刚拿到北达科他州一个项目的合同。 如果你愿意休学一个学期，我们就聘用你。’”这份工作偏离了普丽西拉要获得学士学位的追求。“但那时我已不再怀疑我最终会完成

一份耕耘，一份收获 答案只是参考，请大家努力自学

学业，所以很坦然地抓住了这次机 会，”她说。

在北达科他项目结束后，普丽西拉搬到加利福尼亚州与她的一个哥哥同住，这样可以不付房租。“我最后干了三份工作，想尽量多挣些钱，”她回忆说。“我厌烦了既做全职工作又做专职学生的生活。我的目标是要攒够钱，重新回到大学里，做一名全日制学生，只兼职做一些工作。”普丽西拉的哥哥开了一家房屋清洁公司，他同意让她到公司工作。她还决定到一所当地的社区学院读书，那儿的学费要便宜得多。

普丽西拉选修了一些艺术课程(她是一名业余摄影师)，并帮助组织了一次学生艺术作品展，包括她自己的作品。1994年春，她从韦纳奇河谷学院毕业，获得了两年制的文科准学士学位。毕业后，普丽西拉又一次向华盛顿大学提出了入学申请。她被录取并于1994年秋季入学。因为她不必工作那么多小时，所以能够以学为主。“这真是一种奢侈，我几乎都不想毕业了!”普丽西拉笑着说。“不过我还是在1996年1月被授予了文学士学位。”

当普丽西拉回顾自己几年来使自己梦想成真的奋斗历程时，她对其他靠打工挣钱完成学业的人既是鼓励又是提醒。“要平衡工作与学习的关系，你必须了解自己，”她说。“你必须知道哪些自己能承受，哪些不能承受。你需要很多的磨练，而且必须专心致志，持之以恒，即使遇到重重障碍、种种困惑也要如此。但你最需要的是坚定的决心。一旦被击倒，就要重新站起来继续奋斗下去。” Text comprehension II.

A. 1. f 2. t 3. f 4. t 5. f 6. f 7. t 8. t 9. f 10. f B. 1. N 2. N 3. I 4. I 5. N 6. I Vocabulary III.

1. sponsor 2. determination 3. claim 4. prospective 5. minimum 6. ultimately 7. eligible 8. employment 9. setting 10. loans 11. exhibit 12. priority

IV. The exact translations, definitions and synonyms may, of course, vary

一份耕耘，一份收获 答案只是参考，请大家努力自学

somewhat, but here are some answers for reference. 1. come up with; translation:筹划

2. take some time off; definition: arrange for a break/ a vacation/ some free time

3. throws herself into; definition: participates very enthusiastically, wholeheartedly, etc. in

4. get by; synonym: make ends meet, manage to survive

5. on his own; synonym: independent adjust to; synonym: get used to 6. tired of; translation: 厌倦了 7. stay up; translation: 熬夜

8. ended up; definition: finally and unexpectedly (won) 9. as of; synonym: starting from

10. get put down; definition: run into setbacks, barriers, etc. V.

1. gets off (work) 2. couldn't take it 3. dependents 4. postpone 5. make your dream come true 6. alongside 7. look back on 8. end up with a cold Word building VI.

1. I missed the train this morning because I overslept again.

2. don't pay any attention to his crazy stories- he just has an overactive imagination.

3. the company ended up with 20, 000 unsold copies of the book because their sales director overestimated the demand.

4. as a result of the crowds of people coming from the surrounding countryside looking for work, the city has become overpopulated. 5. I?ve been overeating lately and have decided to go on a diet. 6. Most teenagers agree that their parents are overprotective.

7. I didn't mean anything unkind. Jane?s simply being oversensitive.

8. A cliché is an expression that?s become uninteresting because it?s overused. VII.

1. novelist 2. nationalist 3. activist 4. idealist 5. psychologist 6. economist 7. terrorists 8. Sociologist 9. typist 10. marxist

一份耕耘，一份收获 答案只是参考，请大家努力自学

VIII.

A. affection calculation collection combination introduction

declaration election invitation interruption plantation projection sensation donate negotiate generate organize B. 1. negotiate 2. sensation 3. projection/calculation 4. combination 5. donate 6. affection 7. calculation 8. generate Structure IX.

1. If only you could say longer in Britain- your English might improve. 2. children may enter the club only if they are accompanied by adults. 3. if only you told me you had a spare ticket for the show.

4. you can go to the sky-diving exhibition only if you promise you won?t try if yourself.

5. the students at this university are allowed to take up part-time employment only if it doesn?t interfere with their studies.

6. If only she hadn?t told my mother, everything would have been all right. X.

1. having traveled a lot, he knows a great deal about other culture.

2. having finished all her housework, she decided to see what was on TV. 3. having spent nearly all our money, we couldn?t afford to stay in a hotel. 4. having forgotten his telephone number, she didn?t know how to get in touch with him.

5. having cleaned the windows, he started to mop the floor. 6. having taken the medicine you gave me, I feel much better. XI.

1. Seeing so many people around her living in poverty 2. Bringing up the subject at the meeting 3. Looking back on the past

4. Staying up late studying before an examination 5. Working full-time and being a full-time student 6. Living at home rent-free Translation XII．

一份耕耘，一份收获 答案只是参考，请大家努力自学

要做到工作学习两不误很困难。“我要一直熬夜学习，每天一大早又要去上班。我上课时很难集中思想，上班时也很难受，因为我实在太累了，”她说。不过她第一学期最后还是得了两个A。 XIII.

1. The university offered Priscilla only a small loan and she had to come up with the rest of the money herself.

2. With small income from her restaurant job, marry could barely make (both) ends meet. That?s why she found some cleaning work to do in the apartment building where she lived.

3. During her first semesters, she often stayed up late studying because she knew she had to get the highest GPA in her class to qualify the scholarship. 4. Anyone who wants to find employment in/ with that company must have at least a master?s degree; if not a Ph. D. otherwise he or she will not be accepted.

5. Only if you completely throw yourself into your studies will you ultimately achieve your long-term goal of becoming an archaeologist.

6. In the office Beth always looked happy and had a ready smile. But deep down, she was tired of being a secretary. She wanted to do something more creative.

7. A migrant farm laborer from Mexico, my father was overjoyed when I was accepted by the University of Washington and became the first person in my family to attend college.

8. When Priscilla looked back on her years of hard struggle, she said that it was no easy job to balance work and study. Cloze XIV.

1. knowing 2. out 3. inquired 4. stunned 5. priority 6. stunning

7. available 8. As 9. up 10. make 11. on 12. get 13. ultimately 14. first 15. assume Reading analysis

Cause 1: Priscilla soon found that her restaurant job just didn?t pay enough for

her to mand ends meet.

Effect 1: so I went the landlord of my apartment building and asked if there

一份耕耘，一份收获 答案只是参考，请大家努力自学

10. mathematician 数学家 11. philosophical 哲学的 12. philosopher 哲学家 13. psychology 心理学 14. psychological 心理学的 15. sociological 社会学的 16. sociologist 社会学的 VII.

1. telegram 2. television 3. communication over long distances

4. treat a patient a long distance away; provide medical treatment from a distance 5. information in the form of text Structure VIII.

1. Originally located in London, the museum was moved to Hertfordshire in 1946.

2. Asked what his plan was for the coming year, the manager promised to further develop the domestic market.

3. Composed in 1878, this symphony is based on a classical Chinese love story.

4. Designed for visitors to touch or play with, many modern museum exhibits are at once entertaining and educational.

5. Aided by technology, science helps mankind to gain increasing control over the environment. IX.

1. A star scientist in more ways than one, Steven Hawking has achieved far more than most people ever dream of.

2. An Italian mathematician and astronomer, Galileo was the first scientist to start using his eyes, both literally and figuratively.

3. A figure of classroom fun, hawking spoke with a slight lisp inherited from father.

4. A group of some forty students, the Poetry Society holds regular meetings where the members recite their poems.

5. A fascinating combination of ancient and modern China, Beijing attracts huge numbers of tourists from around the world every year. Translation X.

他被称为“活着的最有才华的人”，“20世纪后期最伟大的天才”，以及“爱

一份耕耘，一份收获 答案只是参考，请大家努力自学

因斯坦的继承人”。因《时间简史》一书而闻名遐迩为众人所知的斯蒂芬霍金是一个多重意义上的明星科学家。霍金擅长于用一种为非科学家所喜爱的文体揭示宇宙的奥秘，这种天赋使他声誉鹊起，也使他的书在英国和美国都成了畅销书。该书因在《星期日泰晤士报》十大畅销书名单上持续了184周，并在全世界销售了500多万册而在《吉尼斯世界纪录大全》上赢得了一席之地——对一本科学书籍来说，这简直是前所未闻的成功。 XI.

1. Stephen Hawking, a British scientist specializing in theoretical cosmology has been proclaimed the greatest genius of the late 20th century.

2. Every time he releases a new record, the singer dreams of its/ it earning a place in the ?top-ten? list one the radio.

3. Located to the northwest of London, Oxford University is well known/ noted far and wide for its academic excellence.

4. An intellectual giant, Einstein was responsible for modern man?s new concept of time and space.

5. This medical research is aimed at finding new treatments for inherited blood diseases, because the drugs now in use cannot cure these complicated diseases.

6. This year is the one hundredth anniversary of the founding of our university. A private school initially, it has now become a world-famous university specializing in theoretical research.

7. Two years ago, bob was feeling bored with his job as a restaurant manager. Luckily he won a scholarship to the state university.

8. Asked what kind of student Stephen was at college, Prof. white, the then Chair of the Physics department, recalls: “ He impressed me as a very bright student with an instinctive insight into physics.” Cloze XII.

1. Accompanying 2. Behind 3. device 4. pose 5. awkward 6. remaining 7. out 8. into 9. by 10. ___ 11. govern 12. in 13. ___ 14. as if 15. ultimate 16. At last Reading analysis XIII.

一份耕耘，一份收获 答案只是参考，请大家努力自学

Example 1: one of Hawking?s science teachers, for example, recalls the time he posed the question: “Does a cup of hot tea reach a drinkable temperature more quickly if you put the milk in first, or add the milk after pouring?” while the rest of the class struggled over how to even begin approaching the problem, hawking almost instantly announced the correct answer: “Add the milk after pouring, of course.” (The hotter the tea initially, the faster it will cool.)

Example 2: another teacher relates how hawking and his friends built a simple computer—and this was in 1958, a time when only large research centers had any computers at all. Structured writing

XIV. One example, for reference

Some famous geniuses had very surprising beliefs. Thomas Edison, for example, was sure that magic creatures lived in his garden, and he never traveled on the 13th because he was afraid it would be bad luck. Another example is Charles Darwin, who claimed ghosts visited him every Sunday.

第七单元 课文翻译 UNIT7 TEXT A

一项被忽视的艺术

卡罗琳?凯恩

人们普遍认为美国的教育制度已深陷困境。人人都意识到了这些可怕的事实：学校系统经费短缺，老师不会拼写，学生不会阅读，高中毕业生在地图上连中国也找不到。

我们大多数人都知道，或自以为知道，这应该怪谁：怪执法不严的法庭，怪软弱无能的校董会，怪荒唐可笑的政府法令。要找个顶罪的坏蛋很容易。

一份耕耘，一份收获 答案只是参考，请大家努力自学

但也许问题不是在于我们的机制而是在于我们的态度。可悲的是， 虽然我们大多数人都声称自己相信教育的价值， 但我们却不重视智力活动。

我们美国人是一个宽厚、仁慈的民族。我们有致力于每一项美好事业的机制 ── 从拯救无家可归的猫到防止第三次世界大战爆发。但是为促进思考的艺术我们做了些什么呢？当然在日常生活中我们没有为思考留出时间。 假定一位男子对朋友们说，“今晚我不去参加家长教师联谊会（或不去看棒球赛或诸如此类的事）了，因为我需要留一些时间给我自己，留一些时间进行思考”？对这位男子邻居们就会避而远之；家人就会为他感到羞耻。如果一个十几岁的青少年说，“今天晚上我不去跳舞了，我需要一些时间进行思考”，那又会怎么样呢？他的父母会立即开始在黄页簿中查寻精神病医生的电话。

几年前一位学院行政管理人员告诉我，如果他想进行任何认真的思考，他只得早上5点30分起床 ── 我猜想因为那是唯一没人会打扰他的时刻。前些时候，我听到一位教授说，当他的朋友们撞见他正在读书时，他们会说，“啊， 有这么多空闲时间一定很开心。” 尽管我是一名英语教师 ── 是一个应该更明事理的人 ── 但我却发现自己每次悄悄溜进图书馆看书时，都会隐隐约约感到有点心虚。 人们普遍认为：如果一个人在思考或阅读，他就是在无所事事。在生活中的每一天，我们都在通过言行表达这种看法。还有，我们疑惑不解为什么孩子们不肯认真对待他们的学习，为什么他们对老师说，“我为什么要学这玩意儿？这些东西以后对我什么用也没有；我永远都用不着。”

要理解为什么对思考会有这种偏见并不难。问题之一就是，在我们大多数人看来，思考似乎有无所事事之嫌。一个陷于沉思的人看上去的样子就叫人没劲。他靠着椅背，支起双脚，一口一口地抽着烟斗，两眼茫然地凝视着前方。他的样子完全是在浪费时间。而且，他把所有的累活都留给了我们！??

待续中……………

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