语法：非谓语（学生版） - 图文

学大教育学科教师辅导讲义

学员编号： 年 级： 课 时 数：3 学员姓名： 辅导科目：英语 学科教师： 课 题 教学目标 非谓语动词的讲解和练习 掌握非谓语动词的用法，熟悉高考非谓语的考点 教学内容 上节课回顾 课前预测 非谓语课前预测 单项选择（每题2.5分，共100分）（09年一模） 1. Tom admitted ____________ the document in the morning without getting his manager’s permission. A. read B. being read C. to read D. having read 2. You’ll find the hot issue that Da Vinci Furniture Co., Ltd sold fraud furniture _________ all over China. A. talk about B. to talk about C. talking about D. talked about 3. What a fantastic view it is! We see millions of golden rape flowers, rows of houses and smoke __________ from behind them. A. rose B. to rise C. rising D. risen 4. A disabled boy begging on the street was reported ___________ by a car, but the driver fled instead of sending him to hospital. A. being hit B. to be hit C. having been hit D. to have been hit 5. One of the basic principles of wildlife protection involves _______ adequate natural food and shelter to maintain populations of each species in a given environment. A. provided B. providing C. to provide D. provide 6. Wearing shoes _______ for the activity you are doing can help avoid some foot injuries to a large extent. A. design B. designing C. designed D. to design 7. This scientist is known _______ on this problem for about ten years. A. to work B. to be working C. to have been working D. to have been worked 8. ________ thoroughly, the garden looked more beautiful than ever before. A. Cleaning B. Having been cleaned C. Having it cleaned D. He had cleaned it 9. Something as simple as______ thoughts openly can make a powerful difference to one’s health. A. to share B. sharing C. share D. shared 10. The Internet gives people the chance to have the information ______to them quickly and cheaply. A. deliver B. delivering C. delivered D. to deliver 11. The speech the minister made on TV ______ the education reform made both teachers and students excited. 1

A. being concerned B. to concern C. concerned D. concerning 12. ______ not to drive after drinking, some drivers are still trying their luck, which is really dangerous． A. Being reminded B. To remind C Having reminded D. Reminded 13. Tony is a quiet boy and he is accustomed ______ at meals, which is always appreciated. A. not to talk B. to not talk C. to not talking D. not to talking 14. ______ wondering which way to take, the little boy behaved like a real gentleman who comforted his sister from time to time. A. Leaving B. Having left C. To leave D. Left 15. Shanghai now increases the supply of smaller houses, ______ to help low–income families to buy houses of their own. A. aimed B. being aimed C. aiming D. having aimed 16 .People hope the new measures ______ house prices, taken by the government, will succeed. A. to control B. controlled C. controlling D. having controlled 17. I stayed up late doing my homework yesterday, so I had trouble _____ up early this morning. A. get B. getting C. got D. to get 18. ―Have a nice day!‖ is a wonderful expression, _____ us, in effect, to enjoy the moment and to value this very day. A. reminds B. to remind C. to be reminding D. reminding 19. Seed plants – plants _____ from seeds – need water, sunlight and mineral to grow vigorously. A. grown B. to grow C. to be grown D. having grown 20. Talking of greetings, sometimes it depends on the age or sex of the person _____. A. having been greeted B. greeted C. greeting D. being greeted [来源: 21. The advertisement convinced Kelly to buy the makeup by _____ her self-admiration. A. appealing to B. being appealed to C. having been appealed to D. appeal to 22. It is the duty of a teacher _____ the interest of students and pass on knowledge to them. A. to be stimulating B. to have stimulated C. to be stimulated D. to stimulate 23. Badly _____ charities often give a portion of donations to their causes while spending the majority of money on salaries. A. managing B. managed C. having managed D. to be managed 24. We firmly believe that the project, if ______ according to the plan, will definitely work out well. A. carrying out B. being carried out C. carried out D. to be carried out 25. Don’t answer any e-mails ______ your private information, however official they look. A. requesting B. to request C. requested D. having requested 26. The man denied anything at the supermarket when questioned by the police. A. to have stolen B. to be stealing C. having stolen D. to steal 27. What people learned from China Got Talented was that there were so many talented people out there waiting ______. A. to discover B. to be discovered C. discovered D. being discovered 28. ______ the burden of carrying heavy school bags, some schools introduced iBooks a few weeks ago. A. Eliminating A. Educated B. Eliminated C. To eliminate D. Having eliminated 29. ______ in a top-level university abroad is what many students wish for. B. Being educated C. To educate D. Educating 30. Judging from the date _______ on the gold coin, we can tell that it was made 500 years ago. 2

A. being marked B. marked A. To save B. Saving C. to mark D. to be marked C. Saved D. Having saved 31. ______ a little money from her pocket money, Alice was able to buy her mother a lovely scarf. 32. People _____ silver or white cars were 50% less likely to suffer serious injury in a crash, compared with drivers of dark color cars. A. drive B. driving C. driven D. to drive 33. Police are urging anyone who saw the accident ______ them immediately. A. to contact B. contact C. contacting D. need contact 34. An excellent source of advice about traveling with infants is Babycenter.com. It recommends ______ until the baby is 3 months before traveling. A. to wait B. having waited C. wait D. waiting 35. Such an educational program can teach students how to make positive choices when ______ with conflict. A. facing B. having been faced C. having faced D. faced 36. We parents often provide our children with many material pleasures, ____ it for granted that all children like these things. A. taking B. take C. to take D. took 37. The possibility of a murder _____, the police have set about looking for the clues to her suicide. A. to be excluded B. to exclude C. having excluded D. having been excluded 38. We had better not bother our professor these days, for he is awfully busy preparing a report _____ at an international conference next month. A. being delivered B. to be delivered C. to deliver D. delivered 39. ______ by greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses. A. Driven B. Being driven C. To drive D. Having driven 40. With recent permission from Chinese government, Japan has become the first country _________ huge sums of Chinese government bond (债券). A. allows to buy B. to allow to buy C. to be allowed buying D. to be allowed to buy 模块学习 非谓语 非谓语动词是高考的重点和热点，也是我们英语学习中所碰到的难点之一。非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式，V-ing分词（又分为现在分词和动名词）和过去分词。 一、基础知识 1.非谓语动词的语法功能 所能充当的成分 现在分词 V-ing形式 动名词 不定式（to do） 过去分词（done） ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 主语 表语 ● 宾语 宾语（主语）补足语 ● 定语 插入语（独立成分） ● ● 注：常见作独立成分的非谓语动词 to tell you the truth(实话说)，needless to say(不用说)，to be honest/frank(老实说，坦白说)，to be more exact(更确切地说)，to make things worse (更糟的是)，not to mention…(更不用说)，Generally / Frankly / Roughly speaking (一 3 般说来 / 坦白说 / 粗略地说) 2.非谓语动词的变化形式 非谓语 形式 构成 时态 一般式 进行式 不定式 完成式 完成 进行式 一般式 动名词 语态 主动 to do to have done to be doing to have been doing doing 被动 to be done to have been done for sb. to do sth. 在―to‖前加not 或 / 或never of sb. to do sth. / being done 在前加not sb.或sb’s doing 特别注意复合结构作主语要用 的否定式： sb’s doing sb’s not doing sb’s not having done 在前加not 复合结构 否定式 完成式 having done having been done 现在 分词 与动名词变化形式相同 二、重点难点 （一）辨别谓语与非谓语 特别注意分析句子的结构才能辨别谓语与非谓语。 ①The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and __ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. A. being weighed B. weighs C. weighed D. weighing ②______ blood if you can and many lives will be saved. A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give 。 （二）非谓语作主语、宾语的重点 1.it充当动词不定式的形式主语或形式宾语 ①It is important for us to learn English very well.对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。 ②I think it important for us to learn English very well.我认为对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。 it作形式主语使用动名词的句型 ①It is no use/no good/useless +doing sth. It is no use crying.哭没有用。 ②It is fun(a great pleasure, a waste of time) It is a waste of time trying to explain.设法解释是浪费时间。 2.用不定式还是用动名词作宾语有特殊规定 ①I don’t want ____ like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair. A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded 。 类似的知识点要记牢。如：help, hope, ask, refuse, decide, promise, wish, pretend, expect, arrange, learn, plan, demand, dare, manage, agree, prepare, fail, determine, offer, choose, desire, elect, long等动词后要用动词不定式作宾语。 ②It is difficult to imagine his ________the decision without any consideration. A. accept B. accepting C. to accept D. accepted 4 类似的知识点要记牢。下列常见的这些动词（组）后要用动词动名词作宾语 suggest, risk, devote oneself to（建议冒险去献身） finish, imagine, bear/stand, look forward to（完成想象忍盼望） give up, delay/put off, regret, miss（放弃延期悔失去） insist on/stick to, enjoy/appreciate, feel like, practice（坚持欣赏要实践） pay attention to, excuse, escape/avoid, object to（注意原谅逃/避反对） keep, be/get used to/be accustomed to, mind（保持习惯勿介意） be worth, set about/burst out/get down to, be busy（值得开始将忙乎） 3.用不定式还是用动名词作宾语意义不同 In some parts of London, missing a bus means ____for another hour. A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting 类似的知识点要记牢。 ①动词本身意义不变，跟不定式和动名词意义不同 remember to do sth. 记住要做 remember doing sth.记得过去做过 forget to do sth. 忘了已做过的事 forget doing sth. 忘记要做某事 ②动词本身意义改变，跟不定式和动名词意义不同 regret to do sth.对马上要或不做的事表示遗憾 regret doing sth.对已发生的事表示遗憾或后悔 mean to do sth.打算，想要 mean doing 意味着，意思是 try to do sth. 努力做某事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事 can’t help doing sth.情不自禁，忍不住 can’t help (to) do sth.不能帮忙做某事 be considered to have done被认为已经做了 consider…to be认为是 consider doing考虑做某事 ③动词本身意义不变，跟不定式被动式和动名词意义相同 want，need，require接动名词表示被动意义，接不定式就要用被动式，这时主语与动名词之间为动宾关系 These young trees require looking after（=to be looked after）. The matter needs thinking over(=to be thought over). ④下列动词跟动词不定式做目的状语，跟动名词作宾语 stop to do停下来，要做另一件事（不定式作目的状语） stop doing停止做（动名词作宾语） go on to do接着做另一件事（不定式作目的状语） go on doing继续做同一件事（动名词作宾语） 4.有些动词后要用“疑问词＋不定式”结构作复合宾语 It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows _____. A. it what to do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what with it 【解析】本题考查―疑问词＋不定式‖和动词短语 do with 的用法。答案C。 5

（三）非谓语作表语的重点 ①不定式、动名词与分词作表语的区别。不定式和动名词作表语相当于一个名词作表语，含义是回答主语―是什么‖；分词作表语相当于形容词作表语，含义是回答主语―怎么样‖。 Our plan is to keep the affair secret.我们的计划是让这件事成为秘密。 Their job is making wheelchairs for disabled people.他们的工作是为残疾人制造轮椅。 The music they are playing sounds exciting.他们演奏的音乐听起来令人激动。 This beautiful village remains unknown to the rest of the world. 这个美丽的村庄仍未外界所知。 ②现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别。现在分词和过去分词作表语都是用于回答主语―怎么样‖的。现在分词说明主语的特征，过去分词说明主语的状态。如： This dog is frightening.这条狗让人害怕。（说明狗的特征） This dog is frightened.这条狗有些害怕。（说明狗的心理状态） Climbing is tiring and we are completely tired after a day's climbing. 爬山是累人的，爬了一天的山我们都全累坏了。（tiring说明climbing的特征，tired说明我们的状态） 注意：在下列句中，非谓语动词具体的语法功能 What he wanted to suggest is to cut down the price and increase the sales. 他想建议的是降价促销。（不定式作表语，说明主语―是什么‖） My American teacher is to leave China soon. 我的美国老师即将离开中国。（不定式作表语，表示将来） Her work is taking care of the children.她的工作是照顾小孩。（现在分词作表语，说明主语―是什么‖） She is taking care of the children.她在照料小孩。（构成进行时，说明主语正在执行的动作） The cup is broken.杯子碎了。（过去分词作表语，说明主语所处的状态） The cup was broken by Peter.杯子是被彼得打坏的。（构成被动语态，说明主语是动作的承受者） （四）非谓语作宾语补足语的重点 1.理解下表中所列的关系 非谓语 不定式 现在分词 过去分词 与宾语的逻辑关系 主动关系 主动关系 被动关系 与谓语动作的时间关系 ①在谓语动词后发生 ②不带to的不定式表示动作的全过程 同时进行 动作已经完成或表示状态 When I came in, I saw her dancing happily. （主动进行） I saw him go to the cinema.（主动，全过程） We heard her singing next door.（主动进行） We heard the song sung by her next door. （被动完成） We heard the song being sung next door. （被动进行） 2.下列动词和短语必须以用不定式作宾语补足语 wish, want, ask, require/request, order, warn, allow/permit, forbid, expect, remind, encourage, inspire, call on, depend on 注意：advise/allow/permit/forbid +宾语+不定式作宾语补足语 advise/allow/permit/forbid +动名词作宾语时 ①What did the librarian _____ out of the library? A. permit to take B. forbid to be taken C. allow to take D. insist being taken ②I don’t allow ______ in my office and I don’t allow my family ______ at all. A. to smoke…smoking B. smoking…to smoke 6

C. to smoke…to smoke D. smoking…smoking 3. 在think, consider, find等动词后常用to be +adj. 结构作宾语补足语，有时to be省略。 We all discover him (to be) kind and honest. 4.几个特别的结构 ▲have+宾语+do/doing/done ①― have + 宾语+ do sth ‖意为―让/叫/使某人做某事‖。此结构中的 have 是使役动词，宾语后的 do sth 是不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。 The boss often has them work for 14 hours a day.老板经常要他们一天工作14 个小时。 ②―have +宾语+ doing‖意为―叫/让/使某人做某事或让某种情况发生‖。宾语后面用现在分词作宾语补足语，表示宾语与现在分词表示的动作之间为主动关系，且动作正在进行。 Don’t have the dog barking much, Lilin. 李林，别让狗狂吠不停。 ③― have + 宾语+done‖意为―让/叫/使/请别人做某事‖或者是―遭受/遭遇了……，此时，主语是无意中的受害者，而不是动作的执行者‖的意思。宾语后面用过去分词作宾语补足语，说明宾语与过去分词表示的动作之间是被动关系。 We had the machine mended just now.我们刚才请人把机器修好了。 He had his leg injured while playing football.他在踢足球时腿受了伤。 ▲get+宾语+to do/doing/done 三种结构的意义请参看上述―have+宾语+do/doing/done‖的意义解释。 He got his sister to help him with his clothes. 他让姐姐帮他洗衣服。 Can you really get that old clock going again 你真的能让那辆旧钟再走起来吗？ Doris got her bad tooth pulled out in the hospital. 多丽丝在医院把坏牙拔了。 ▲catch sb. doing sth逮住某人干某事 If she catches me reading her diary, she’ll be furious.如果她抓住我偷看她的日记，她会愤怒的。 ▲make + oneself + done oneself 与其后的过去分词存在着动宾关系，或者说是被动关系 He raised his voice in order to make himself heard. 他提高了嗓门为了使别人听清他的讲话。 （五）非谓语作定语的重点 1.理解下表中所列的关系 分类 形式 to do to be done 现在 分词 过去 分词 doing being done done 与被修饰词的逻辑关系 动宾关系 不定式 ―the last/next/first...‖ 后常接不定式作定语，表示主谓关系 被动关系 主动关系 被动关系 被动关系 与谓语动作的时间关系 在谓语动作后发生 在谓语动作前或者后发生 在谓语动作后发生 与谓语动作同时进行 与谓语动作同时进行 在谓语动作之前发生 存在的状态或情况 It is a good chance to practice your spoken English.这是练习你的口语的好机会。 He was the last one to leave the office. 他是最后一个离开办公室的。 The woman standing over there is our English teacher.站在那边的那个妇女是我们的英语老师。 The house to be built (=which will be built/which is to be built) next year will be our new library.（将要建的） The house being built (=which is being built) now will be our new library.（正在建的） The house built (=which was built) last year is our new library now.（已经建成的） I like reading books written by Lu Xun.我喜欢读鲁迅写的小说。 7 2.动词不定式尾后的介词不能丢 When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person ______. A. to send B. for sending it C. to send it to D. for sending it to 【解析】该题中须用不定式短语作后置定语，排除B 和D；答案A中，没有to就意味着是把George 这个人打发走。本句意思是将该报告送给这个人—George, it 指这个报告，因此to不能少。答案C。 （六）非谓语作状语的重点 1.理解下表中所列的关系 非谓语 doing（一般式）作状语 having done（完成式） 作状语 having been done（完成被动式）作状语 done（过去分词）作状语 与逻辑主语（即句子的主语）的关系 主动关系 主动关系 被动关系 被动关系 与谓语动作的时间关系 （几乎）与谓语动作同时进行 先于谓语动作发生 先于谓语动作发生 已经在过去发生或是 不十分强调时间概念 Waiting (=When I was waiting) to see the doctor, I met with a friend of mine. Having (=Because we have) made full preparations, we are sure to be successful. Having been shown around(=After we had been shown) the library, we were then taken to see the laboratory. Seen (=When the town is seen) from the hill, the town looks more beautiful. Locked (=When he was locked) up in the room, he found himself isolated from the outer world. 2.too…to…, enough to do…, only to…等结构表示结果 The boy is too young to join the navy.这男孩太小参不了海军。 The hall is big enough to hold 1,000 people. 这厅大得足以容纳一千人。 They lift a rock only to drop it on their own feet他们搬起石头结果却砸了自己的脚。 注意：动词作结果作状语表示未曾预料的结果，而现在分词作结果状语表示自然而然或必然的结果。 Her husband died in 1942, leaving her with five children. The bus was held up by snowstorm, thus causing the delay. 3.分词（短语）作状语的附着规则 使用分词（短语）作句子状语时，有一条规则必须遵守：即分词（短语）的逻辑主语应当与句子的主语一致，否则句子就是错句。 _____from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. A. Seen B. Seeing C. Have seen D. To see 【解析】此处是非谓语动词做状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语，非谓语动词与逻辑主语是被动关系，用过去分词。答案A。 对比：Seeing from the top of the tower, we can find the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. 主要：已经成为固定用法的非谓语动词（短语）不需要遵守这条附着规则 常见的有：considering…(鉴于/考虑到……)，judging by/from…(从……来看，依据……来判断)，supposing that…(假定……)，providing that… (假定……)，according to…(依据……)，including…(包括……)，owing to…(由于……)，talking/speaking of…(谈及……) given…(考虑到……), provided that…(如果……) 4.独立主格结构和with复合结构 ▲逻辑主语+不定式/现在分词/过去分词 8

I send you 100 dollars today, the rest to follow in a year. 今天我先给你寄100美元。其余的钱一年内陆续寄过去。 Weather permitting, I’ll go to the park with my parents on Sunday. 如果天气允许，星期天我将和爸妈去公园。 All things considered, the planned trip will have to be called off. 考虑到所有的情况，原来计划好的旅行不得不取消。 ▲with(without)+宾语+不定式/现在分词/过去分词 With a lot of difficult problems to settle , the newly —elected president is having a hard time. 有很多难题要解决新任总统日子可不好过！ Without anything to eat, he died of hunger. 由于没有东西吃，他饿死了。 The Yangtze river is very busy with so many boats and ships coming and going every day. 每天长江上各种船只来来往往显得格外忙碌。 Without any more time given, we couldn't finish the task in three weeks. 如果不另给我们时间的话，我们三星期之内完成不了任务。 With everything well arranged, he left the office.一切都安排妥善之后，他离开了办公室。 （七）不定式的省略 不定式的省略我们可以分作两种，一种是对不定式符号―to‖的省略（如：make sb. do sth等）；另一种则是不定式符号― to ‖后省略实义动词的形式。这儿讲的是第二种情况（又称不定式符号to的替代作用）。 常见情形有： ①would/should like/love to, used to, have to, ought to, be going to, be able to, be willing to 等后面的to均 为不定式符号，重复时可省略to后该不定式短语。如： — Could you lend me your dictionary? 能把你的词典借给我吗？ — I’d like to (lend you my dictionary). 行。 ②动词afford, agree, expect, forget, hope, intend, manage, need, pretend, refuse, try, want, wish等后常接不定式短语作宾语，重复时可省略to后该宾语。如： You may ask him for help if you want to (ask him for help). 如果你愿意，可以请他帮你。 ③动词allow, beg, expect, forbid, force, invite, order, permit, tell, persuade等后面常接不定式短语作宾语补足语，重复时可省略to后该宾语补足语。如： I’ll go to her birthday party if she invites me to (go to her birthday party). 如果她邀请我参加她的生日聚会，我会去。 （八）非谓语动词的逻辑主语 一般说来非谓语动词的逻辑主语要么就是句子的主语或宾语，要么就是被它所修饰的中心词。但是有时需要明确非谓语动词所表示动作的执行者或承受者，这时就要标明它的逻辑主语。 ①当动名词短语作主语、宾语或表语时，具有名词特性，其逻辑主语由“名词所有格或形容词性物主代词”表示，放在动名词短语之前。当动名词短语不在句首时，也可由“名词普通格或代词宾格”表示。 Helen’s/Her being absent made the teacher very angry. 海伦/她没来上课，让老师很生气。 They insisted on my/me speaking at the meeting. 他们坚持要我在会上发言。 ②形容词+for + 名词或代词 + 动词不定式 形容词通常表示事物的性质 It is necessary for you to finish the work before Friday.你们有必要在星期五前做完这项工作。 His idea is for us to travel in different cars.他的主意是让我们乘不同的车去旅游。 ③形容词+of+ 名词或代词 + 动词不定式 形容词往往表示人物的性格和特征 9

How careless it is of him to break such a valuable vase! 他真不小心，把如此贵重的花瓶打破了。 It’s brave of you to go into the burning building to save the baby! 你真勇敢，冲进着火的大楼里救这个婴儿 （九）关于there be 的非谓语形式 there be非谓语形式可在句中作主语、宾语、状语和定语 1.作动词宾语时，通常用there to be结构，而不用there being。能这样用的及物动词为：expect，like，mean，intend，want，prefer，hate等，如： We don't want there to be any comrades lagging behind.我们不希望有任何同志掉队。 They hate there to be long queues everywhere..他们不愿意处处都要排长队。 We have no objection to there being a meeting here．我们并不反对在这里开会。 2.作状语多用there being结构，但若置于介词for之后要用there to be There being nobody else at hand, I had to do by myself．由于附近没有人，我只得独自干了。(原因状语) It’s too early for there to be anybody up．太早了，还不会有人起床。(作程度状语) There having been no rain for a long time，the ground was very dry. 因为好长时间没下雨了，地面非常干燥。(原因状语) 3.作主语时两种结构都可以，但如是用for引导则要用there to be. It is not uncommon for there to be problems of communication between old and young. 老人与年青人之间存在着沟通问题是很常见的。 There being a kindergarten on campus is a great convenience to female teachers. 校园内有幼儿园对女教师十分方便。 考点聚焦 考点1 辨别谓语与非谓语 Please do me a favor — ______ my friend Mr. Smith to Youth Theater at 7:30 tonight. A. to invite B. inviting C. invite D. invited 考点2 非谓语动词作各种成分的区别 1.作宾语时的区别 ①I can’t stand _____ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses______ talking while she works. A. working , stopping B. to work, stopping C. working, to stop D. to work , to stop ②Isn't it time you got down to______ the papers? A. mark B. be marked C. being marked D. marking ③There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars ____ road conditions need _______. A. that, to be improved B. which , to be improved C. where, improving D. when, improving ④Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried alone, but she didn’t like it and moved back home. A. living B. to live C. to be living D. having lived ⑤All the staff in our company are considering______ to the city centre for the fashion show. A. to go B. going C. to have gone D. having gone 2.作表语时的区别 ①Tom sounds very much ______ in the job, but I’m not sure whether he can manage it. A. interested B. interesting C. interestingly D. interestedly ②Please remain the winner of the prize will be announced soon. 10

A. seating B. seated C. to seat D. to be seated 3.作宾语（主语）补足语时的区别 ①The teacher asked us _________so much noise. A. don’t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make ②—Excuse me sir, where is Room 301? —Just a minute. I’ll have Bob ____you to your room. A. show B. shows C. to show D. showing ③A cook will be immediately fired if he was found ________in kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked ④To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English as much as we can. A. speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak 4.作后置定语时的区别 ①If there is a lot of work _______, I’m happy to just keep on until it is finished. A. to do B. to be doing C. done D. doing ②When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person ______. A. to send B. for sending it C. to send it to D. for sending it to ③—The last one ___________ pays the meal. —Agreed! A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving ④The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games ______in Beijing in 2008. A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be held ⑤Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures ______ in your mind instead of before your eyes. A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed ⑥At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ____ could be heard outside the classroom. A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed C. being opened and closed D. to open and close ⑦The Town Hall ______ in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time. A. to be completed B. having been completed C. completed D. being completed ⑧—Can those at the back of the classroom hear me?—No problem. A. seat B. sit C. seated D. sat 5.作状语时的区别 ①He hurried to the booking office only _____ that all the tickets has been sold out. A. to be told B. to tell C. told D. telling ②Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, ______ a record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4. A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching ③The storm left ,_____ a lot of damage to this area . A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused ④―You can’t catch me!‖ Janet shouted, _________ away. A. run B. running C. to run D. ran ⑤ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead. A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed ⑥ around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games. A. Having shown B. To be shown C. Having been shown D. To show ⑦_____ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. 11

A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed ⑧______ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. A. Put B. Putting C. Having put D. Being put。 考点3 分词（短语）作状语的附着规则 ①Faced with a bill for $10,000, _______. A. an extra job has been given to John B. the boss has given John an extra job C. an extra job has been taken D. John has taken an extra job ②_________, the more expensive the camera, the better its quality. A. General speaking B. Speaking general C. Generally speaking D. Speaking generally ③___ _ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared 考点4 非谓语动词的特殊结构 1.不定式的复合结构和否定结构 ①It was foolish ______you to give up what you rightly owned. A. for B. of C. about D. from ②To fetch water before breakfast seemed to me a rule_____. A. to never break B. never to be broken C. never to have broken D. never to be breaking ③The patient was warned ______oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating 2.动词不定式的省略结构 ①—What’s the matter with Della? —Well, her parents wouldn’t allow her to go to the party, but she still _ _. A. hopes to B. hopes so C. hopes not D. hopes for ②—Would you like to join me for a quick lunch before class? — , but I promised Nancy to go out with her. A. I’d like to B.I like it C.I don’t D.I will ③In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than . A. that used to be B. it is used to C. it was used to D. it used to be 3.不定式的几个特别句型 ①It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows______ . A. it what to do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what with it ②I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good . A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathed ③—Is Bob still performing? —I’m afraid not. He is said________ the stage already as he has become an official. A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left ④The flu is believed _____ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cell inside the human nose and throat. A. causing B. being caused C. to be caused D. to have caused 4.动名词的复合结构和否定结构 ①_____the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement. A. The president will attend B. The president to attend C. The president attended D. The president’s attending 12

②— They are quiet, aren’t they? —Yes. They are accustomed________ at meals. A. to talk B. to not talk C. to talking D. to not talking ③The news of _______ greatly made us surprised a lot as he was indeed very excellent. A. not his having elected B. not his being elected C. his not being elected D. his not having elected 注意：现在分词的否定式也是在其前加not。 _______the program, they have to stay there for another two weeks. A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed 5.独立主格结构与with复合结构 ①The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent ________at the end of last March. A. has been launched B. having been launched C. being launched D. to be launched ②The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _______ for the day. A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished ③—Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. —Sorry. With so much work _______ my mind, I almost break down. A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled ④John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ______, he gladly accepted it. A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished 基础训练 一 1.The children all turned the famous actress as she entered the classroom. A. looked at B. to look at C. to looking at D. look at 2.Now that we’ve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions ? A. taking B. take C. taken D. to take 3.They use computers to keep the traffic smoothly. A. being run B. run C. to run D. running 4.For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit ___ on his own farm. A. grown B. being grown C. to be grown D. to grow 5. All of them try to use the power of the workstation ___ information in a more effective way. A. presenting B. presented C. being presented D. to present 6. _______ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we changed our dog. A. Being bitten B. Bitten C. Having bitten D. To be bitten 7. A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, _____all four people on board. A. killed B. killing C. kills D. to kill 8. With the government’s aid, those _____ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. A. affect B. affecting C. affected D. were affected 9.Bill suggested _____ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation. A. having held B. to hold C. holding D. hold 10. David threatened his neighbour to the police if the damages were not paid. A. to be reported B. reporting C. to report D. having reported 11.______ the project in time, the staff were working at weekends. A. Competing B. Having completed C. To have completed D. To complete 12._____ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land. 13

A. Being encouraged B. Encouraging C. Encouraged D. Having encouraged 13. Michael’s new house is like a huge palace, with his old one. A. comparing B. compares C. to compare D. compared 14. With the world changing fast, we have something new with all by ourselves every day. A. deal B. dealt C. to deal D. dealing 15.The play next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture. A. produced B. being produced C. to be produced D. having been produced 16. not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. A. Reminding B. Reminded C. To remind D. Having reminded 17.In April, 2009, President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao, the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy. A. marking B. marked C. having marked D. being marked 18.When he the door, he found his keys were nowhere. A. would open B. opened C. had opened D. was to open 19.At the age of 29, Dave was a worker, in a small apartment near Boston and ______ what to do about his future. A. living; wondering B. lived; wondering C. lived; wondered D. living; wondered 20.Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it . A. reusing B. reused C. reuses D. to be reused 21. Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, reduce unemployment pressures. A. help B. to have helped C. to help D. having helped 22._________ the right kind of training , these teenage soccer players may one day grew the international stars. A. Giving B. Having given C. To give D. Given 23.The government plans to bring in new laws _____ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children. A. forced B. forcing C. to be forced D. having forced 24.When we visited my old family home, memory came ______ back A. flooding B. to flood C. flood. D. flooded 25. , you need to give all you have and try your best. A. Being a winner B. To buy a winner C. Be a winner D. Having been a winner 26.Now that we’ve discussed out problem, are people happy with the decisions ? A. taking B. take C. taken D. to take 27.We are invited to a party _________in our club next Friday. A. to be held B. held C. being held D. holding 28.I still remember to the Famen Temple and what I saw there. A. to take B. to be taken C. taking D. being taken 29.He told us whether _________ a picnic was still under discussion A. to have B. having C. have D. had 30. Ladies and gentlemen, please remain __________ until the plane has come to a complete stop. A. seated B. seating C. to seat D. seat 31.________ many times, he finally understood it. A. Told B. Telling C. Having told D. Having been told zxxk 32.There is a great deal of evidence that music activities engage different parts of the brain. A. indicate B. indicating C. to indicate D. to be indicating 33. _________ and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai. A. To be tried B. Tired C. Tiring D. Being tired 基础训练 二 14

1.Mrs. White showed her student some old maps _________from the library. A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing 2. With Father’s Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank______ presents for my dad. A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought 3.Though ______ to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome。 A. surprise B was surprised C. surprised D. being surprised 4. He had wonderful childhood, _____with his mother to all corners of the word. A. travel B. to travel C. traveled D. traveling 5. at my classmates' faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes. A. Looking B. Look C. To look D. Looked 6. I’m calling to enquire about the position in yesterday’s China Daily. A. advertised B. to be advertised C. advertising D. having advertised 7. Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock , supplies to Yushu, Oinghai province after the earthquake. A. sending B. to send C. having sent D. to have sent 8.In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud. A. sticking B. stuck C. to be stuck D. to have stuck 9. Listen! Do you hear someone __________for help? A. calling B. call C. to call D. called 10. Dina, _______ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency. A. struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D . to struggle 11.So far nobody has claimed the money ___________________in the library. A. discovered B. to be discovered C. discovering D. having discovered 12. The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu, ________ the students to return to their classrooms. A. enabling B. having enabled C. to enable D. to have enabled 13. The lady walked around the shops, an eye out for bargains. A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep 14. There were many talented actors out there just waiting . A. to discover B. to be discovered C. discovered D .being discovered 15. We were astonished _______ the temple still in its original condition. A. finding B. to find C. find D. to be found 16. Alexander tried to get his work _______in the medical circles . A. to recognize B. recognizing C. recognize D. recognized 17. I have a lot of readings _____ before the end of this term. A. completing B. to complete C. completed D. being completed 18. The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already ______ for a meal to be cooked. A. laid B. laying C. to lay D. being laid 19. ________from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. A. Seen B. Seeing C. Have seen D. To see 20. His first book next month is based on a true story. A. published B. to be published C. to publish D. being published 21.In many people’s opinion，that company，though relatively small，is pleasant . A. to deal with B. dealing with C. to be dealt with D. dealt with 22. A great number of students said they were forced to practise the piano. 15

A. to question B. to be questioned C. questioned D. questioning 23.The lawyer listened with full attention， to miss any point. A. not trying B. trying not C. to try not D. not to try 24. I rained heavily in the south, _______ serious flooding in several provinces. A. caused B. having caused C. causing D. to cause 25. The news shocked the public, to great concern about students’ safety at school. A. having led B. led C. leading D. to lead 26. Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one first is the library. A. repaired B. being repaired C. repairing D. to be repaired 27. The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if __ regularly, can improve our health. A. being carried out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out 28. The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and __ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. A. being weighed B. to weigh C. weighed D. weighing 29. I had great difficulty the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant. A. find B. found C. to find D. finding 30. Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues_______ with her stories. A. amused B. amusing C. to amuse D. to be amused 31. the city centre, we saw a stone statue of about 10 metres in height. A. Approaching B. Approached C. To approach D. To be approached 32. Thai is the only way we can imagine the overuse of water in students' bathrooms. A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce 基础训练 三 1. The next thing he saw was smoke ______ from behind the house. A. rose B. rising C. to rise D. risen 2. The island, ______ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. A. joining B. to join C. joined D. having joined 3. Sarah pretended to be cheerful, ______nothing about the argument. A. says B: said C. to say D. saying 4. It’s important for the figures _________ regularly. A. to be updated B. to have been updated C. to update D. to have updated 5. Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, ________ on your feet. A. to keep B. keeping C. having kept D. to have kept 6.It’s no use ____________ without taking action. A. complain B. complaining C. being complained D. to be complained 7. The rare fish, _____ from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea. A. saved B. saving C. to be saved D. having saved 8. At one point I made up my mind to talk to Uncle Sam. Then I changed my mind, ____ that he could do nothing to help. A. to realize B. realized C. realizing D. being realized 9. Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing… but we seem _____ the art of communicating face-to-face. A. losing B. to be losing C. to be lost D. having lost 10. Look over there—there’s a very long, winding path______ up to the house. A. leading B. leads C. led D. to lead 11.On receiving a phone call from his wife _____ she had a fall, Mr Gordon immediately rushed home from office. A. says B. said C. saying D. to say 16

12. Recently a survey _____ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens. A. compared B. comparing C. compares D. being compared 13.Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier _____ into small pieces. A. break B. breaking C. broken D. to break 14.Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ______ for words. A. lose B. lost C. to lose D. having lost 15. Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some _________a life span of around 20 years. A. having B had C. have D. to have 16. If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city ______ by their enthusiastic supporters. A. being cheered B. be cheered C. to be cheered D. were cheered 17.Tsinghua University, ____ in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures. A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded 18.The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable _______. A. held B. holding C. be held D. to hold 19. Lydia doesn’t feel like_____ abroad. Her parents are old. A. study B. studying C. studied D. to study 20. Simon made a big bamboo box _______ the little sick bird till it could fly. A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep 21._________ an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous. A. Offer B. Offering C. Offered D. To offer 22.______ around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people. A. Gather B. To gather C. Gathering D. To be gathering 23.Passengers are permitted _____ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. A. to carry B. carrying C. to be carried D. being carried 24.______ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. A. Translating B. Translated C. To translate D. Having translated 25.Claire had luggage _______ an hour before her plane left. A. check B. checking C. to check D. checked 26. More highways have been built in China, ___________it much easier for people to travel form one place to another. A. making B. made C. to make D. having made 27.More TV programs, according to government to officials, will be produced _______people’s concern over food safety. A. to raise B. raising C. to have raised D. having raised 28.Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ________ of his own dreams. A. reminding B. to remind C. reminded D. remind 29.The ability _____an idea is as important as the idea itself. A. expressing B. expressed C. to express D. to be expressed 30.The players ______from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game . A. selecting B. to select C. selected D. having selected 31.Do you wake up every morning __________ energetic and ready to start a new day? A. feel B. to feel C. feeling D. felt 课堂总结 1、请回顾本节课所讲的重点知识。 2、请把存在疑惑的地方提出来。 17

过关小测试 考试时间： 分钟（根据学生情况进行限时测试） 得 分： 一．选择题（每题2分，共70分） 1.—What do you do yesterday afternoon? —I went to the bookstore,___ some books and visited my uncle. A. to buy B. bought C. Buy D. buying 2.________ a pleasant, small conversation with someone you don’t know, and people will feel relaxed and enjoy your company. A. Starting B. To start C. Start D. Having started 3. Shella forgot all about the dog and the TV set, ________ in the new magazine that had come in the mail. A. deeply lost B. deeply losing C. was deeply lost D. and deeply lost 4. Can you imagine what difficulty people had this year ________against the severe natural disasters? A. fighting B. to fight C. fought D. fight 5.With everything she needed ____, she went out of the shop. A. bought B. to buy C. buying D. buy 6.In common practice, an Englishman starts a conversation ________ with ―What a good day！‖and ________ it with phrases like ―See you.‖ or ―Bye.‖ A. beginning; ending B. begins; ending C. beginning; ends D. begins; ends 7.—What are you going to do this evening？ —We are considering _______ and it is considered ____ a good idea. A. going swimming；to be B. to go swimming；being C. going swimming；being D. to go swimming；to be 8.—How is he getting along with his swimming？ —_________ he’s only been learning for a week, he’s doing really well. A. Considered B. Being considered C. To consider D. Considering 9. Almost everyone, teenagers in particular, enjoyed using text messaging, and they began to create a new language for messages ________―texting‖. A. to call B. calling C. called D. having called 10. All passengers ________ injured in the accident were sent to the nearby hospital in no time. A. to find B. being found C. to be found D. found 11.The early warning of floods，________over the radio and on TV, spread quickly through the area. A. having broadcast B. broadcasting C. broadcast D. to be broadcast 12. Carbon dioxide ________ from burning fuels is the most common of the so-called greenhouse gases. A. producing B. having been produced C. to be produced D. produced 13. In his victory speech, ________ before a huge crowd of his supporters, Obama declared that change has come to America. A. having delivered B. to be delivered C. delivering D. delivered 14. The win in the 100-meter butterfly gives the American swimmer Michael Phelps eight gold medals in Beijing, ________ the record set by American legend Mark Spitz at the 1972 Munich Games. A. breaking B. broken C. to break D. being broken 15.—He didn’t feel a bit nervous when ________. —No. He’d had a lot of time ________ for it after all. A. interviewing; to prepare B. interviewed; to prepare C. interviewing; preparing D. being interviewed; preparing 16. The psychological consultation centers have seen a sharp rise in the number of students looking for help, most ________ they were confused and depressed. A. said B. to say C. say D. saying 17. The boy is looking forward to________ if his mother is coming. 18

A. see B. seeing C. seen D. saw 18.While shopping, people sometimes can’t help _________into buying something they don’t really need. A. to persuade B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded 19.—Have you seen Mr. Li today？ —No, he is said __________ Wuhan on business. A. to go to B. to have been to C. to have gone to D. to has 20.The foreigner explained again and again but he still couldn’t make himself________. A. understand B. understood C. be understood D. understanding 21.It rained for two weeks on end，completely _________our holiday. A. ruined B. to ruin C. ruining D. ruins 22.Madame Michel found herself in an _______ position, and therefore she felt rather _______. A. embarrassing; embarrassed B. embarrassed; embarrassed C. embarrassing; embarrassing D. embarrassed; embarrassing 23.I expected ________many students in the classroom，but in fact no one was in it. A. to have B. there was C. there to have D. there to be 24.Quite a few people ________ that disaster was sure to strike if a mirror was broken. A. were used to believe B. were used to believing C. used to believe D. used to believing 25.All along the way to the tourist destination, he would sometimes slow down the car________ sure if we were going the right way. A. making B. to make C. made D. to be making 26.When I came there, I found him ________at the back of the hall with his eyes ________on a book. A. seating; fixing B. seated; fixed C. seating; fixed D. seated; fixing 27._______ Sunday, rather than _______ at home, I preferred _______. A. It being; stay; to travel B. Being; to stay; to travel C. shavings been; stay; travel D. It was; to stay; travelling 28. in a heavy traffic jam is quite an unpleasant experience. A. Caught B. Having caught C. Being caught D. To catch 29.A powerful earthquake struck Haiti’s capital，________tens of thousands homeless and buried in ruins. A. left B. to leave C. being left D. leaving 30.When the minister came to the snow-stricken area, he was happy to see the disaster victims well________. A. take care of B. took care of C. taken care of D. taking care of 31.A few days after the interview I received a letter ________my admission to the university. A. offering B. offered C. having offered D. to be offered 32.Cao Cao’s tomb is reported ________in Anyang, which attracts nationwide attention. A. being found B. to be found C. having been found D. to have been found 33.After suffering a heart attack, Michael Jackson was pronounced dead, ________a tragic end to the world’s most popular entertainer. A. marking B. to mark C. marked D. having marked 34.You can hardly imagine the efforts I have made ________the goal. A. to achieve B. of achieving C. to of achieving D. to have achieved 35.—Be careful！Don’t forget you are on a ladder. —But you are holding it for me, nothing________. A. worry about B. to worry about C. is worried about D. worrying about 二．翻译题：用非谓语翻译下面句子（25分） 1.那天在街上散步的时候，我碰到了一位老朋友。 （分词作状语）（3分） 2.据说他通过刻苦学习，已经通过了考试。（be said to） （4分） 3.欢迎那些对此讲座感兴趣的人准时参加。（分词作定语）（4分） 19

4.这位外国人站在那里看起来很焦急，显然是迷路了。分词作状语）（4分） 5.随着越来越多的农民进入城市，他们孩子的教育成为一个问题。（With）（5分） 6. 既不懂当地的语言，在这国家又没有朋友，她觉得要想找到工作是不可能的。(分词作状语）（5分） 回家作业

20

本文来源：https://www.bwwdw.com/article/joux.html