2006年5月-2013年5月-最全CATTI二级笔译实务真题及答案 - 图文

2013年5月二级笔译真题

1. 英译汉第一篇：

节选自The New York Times，原文标题为：Ancient Arab Shipwreck Yields Secrets of Ninth-Century Trade

原文地址：http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/08/arts/08iht-singshow08.html

For more than a decade, archaeologists and historians have been studying the contents of a ninth-century Arab dhow that was discovered in 1998 off Indonesia’s Belitung Island. The sea-cucumber divers who found the wreck had no idea it eventually would be considered one of the most important maritime discoveries of the late 20th century.

十几年来，考古学家和历史学家都在研究一艘阿拉伯独桅帆船的船骸。它是1998年在印尼的勿里洞岛岛发现的。当时发现船骸的潜水员们根本没有意识到它会成为20世纪末为重要的海洋发现之一。

The dhow was carrying a rich cargo — 60,000 ceramic pieces and an array of gold and silver works — and its discovery has confirmed how significant trade was along a maritime silk road between Tang Dynasty China and Abbasid Iraq. It also has revealed how China was mass-producing trade goods even then and customizing them to suit the tastes of clients in West Asia.

这艘独桅帆船当时运载着大宗的货物——有6万件瓷器和一大堆金器银器。这艘帆船的发现确立了中国唐朝和阿拉伯阿巴斯王朝之间通过海上丝绸之路进行的贸易有多么重要。同时也揭示了中国当时已经开始大批量生产

贸易物资，并且对货物进行改制以满足西亚客户的需要。

“Shipwrecked: Tang Treasures and Monsoon Winds,” at the new, lotus-shaped ArtScience Museum designed by Moshe Safdie, presents items from the Belitung wreck. Curated by the Asian Civilisations Museum here and the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery in Washington, the show is expected to travel to museums around the world over the next five to six years.

在莫什 ·萨菲德设计的崭新的莲花状的艺术科学博物馆里，“沉船残骸：唐朝财宝与季风”展展示了来自勿里洞岛船骸中的物品。这场展览是由本地的亚洲文明博物馆和华盛顿的亚瑟 ·麦·萨克雷美术馆赞助的，预计将在未来的五到六年里在世界各地的博物馆里巡展。

“This exhibition tells us a story about an extraordinary moment in globalization,” said Julian Raby, director of the Smithsonian’s Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery. “It brings to life the tale of Sinbad sailing to China to make his fortune. It shows us that the world in the ninth century was not as fragmented as we assumed. There were two great export powers: the Tang in the east and the Abbasid based in Baghdad.”

“这一展览述说了一个在全球化进程中伟大时刻的故事”，史密森尼博物馆中的弗利尔美术馆与亚瑟· 麦· 萨克雷美术馆的馆长朱莉安·拉比这样说道。

1 / 92

“这次展览生动的讲述了辛巴达航行去中国，寻求财富的故事。向我们展示了十九世纪的世界并不像我们所想的那样支离破碎。当时就已经存在两个出口大国，即东方的唐朝与巴格达的阿巴斯王朝。”

Until the Belitung find, historians had thought that Tang China traded primarily through the land routes of Central Asia, mainly on the Silk Road. Ancient records told of Persian fleets sailing the Southeast Asian seas but no wrecks had been found, until the Belitung dhow. Its cargo confirmed that a huge volume of trade was taking place along a maritime route, said Heidi Tan, a curator at the Asian Civilisations Museum and a curator of the exhibition.

在勿里洞的发现之前，历史学家一直认为中国唐朝时期主要是沿着中亚内陆路线，尤其是丝绸之路进行贸易。古代记录显示，曾有波斯舰队航行到东南亚海域，但直到勿里洞岛三角帆船被发现时，才发现一些沉船残骸。船上的货物可以证实，通过海上丝绸之路，当时正有大宗的贸易往来进行着，亚洲文明博物馆馆长兼展览负责人海蒂·唐说道。

Mr. Raby said: “The size of the find gives us a sense of two things: a sense of China as a country already producing things on an industrialized scale and also a China that is no longer producing ceramics to bury.” He was referring to the production of burial pottery like camels and horses, which was banned in the late eighth century. “Instead, kilns looked for other markets and they started producing tableware and they built an export market.”

雷比称：“这次发现规模之大，让我们意识到了两件事：一是中国作为一个国家，当时已经开始工业化生产，而是中国当时已不再生产陪葬用的瓷器制品了。” 他提到，在18世纪末期，是禁止生产诸如骆驼和马匹之类的陪葬陶器的。“相反，砖窑去寻找其它市场，它们开始生产餐具，并且建立了出口市场。”

For more than a decade, archaeologists and historians have been studying the contents of a ninth-century Arab dhow that was discovered in 1998 off Indonesia’s Belitung Island.

十多年来，考古学家和历史学家一直在精心研究1998年在印度尼西亚我勿里洞岛附近发现的一膄19世纪单桅三角帆船残骸。

The sea-cucumber divers who found the wreck had no idea it eventually would be considered one of the most important maritime discoveries of the late 20th century.

发现这些残骸的深海潜水员们根本不会想到这终将成为20世纪末最重要的海洋发现之一。

The dhow was carrying a rich cargo — 60,000 ceramic pieces and an array of gold and silver works — and its discovery has confirmed how significant trade was along a maritime silk road between Tang Dynasty China and Abbasid Iraq.

由发现的60,000块瓷器碎片与大量金银器可见，这膄三角帆船当时运载着沉重的货物。这一发现还证实了海上丝绸之路对古中国唐朝与伊拉克阿巴斯王朝之间的双边贸易往来发挥的重要作用。

It also has revealed how China was mass-producing trade goods even then and customizing them to suit the tastes of clients in West Asia.

同时也揭示了中国当时已经开始大批量生产贸易物资，并可订购满足西亚消费者需求的产品。 “Ship wrecked :Tang Treasures and Monsoon Winds,” at the new, lotus-shaped Art Science Museum designed by Moshe Safdie, presents items from the Belitung wreck.

勿里洞岛沉船残骸在莫什 ·萨菲德设计的莲花状新型科学艺术博物馆中展出，这一展览名为“唐代珍宝与季风产物：沉船残骸”。

Curated by the Asian Civilisations Museum here and the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery in Washington, the show is expected to travel to museums around the world over thenext five to six years.

2 / 92

由亚洲文明博物馆与华盛顿亚瑟 ·麦·萨克雷美术馆共同举办的展览将有望于在今后五到六年内环游世界，到他国进行展览。

“This exhibition tells us a story about an extraordinary moment in globalization,” said Julian Raby, director of the Smithsonian’s Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M.

“这一展览述说了一个在全球化进程中伟大时刻的故事”，史密森尼博物馆中的弗利尔美术馆与亚瑟· 麦· 萨克雷美术馆的馆长朱莉安·拉比这样说道。 Sackler Gallery.

“It brings to life the tale of Sinbad sailing to China to make his fortune. 这一展览把我们带入了辛巴航行来到中国寻找财宝的生活中。

It shows us that the world in the ninth century was not as fragmented as we assumed. 也向我们证明了19世纪的世界并不如我们想象中的那样支离破碎。

There were two great export powers: the Tang in the east and the Abbasid based in Baghdad.” 当时就已经存在两个出口大国，即东方的唐朝与巴格达的阿巴斯王朝。

Untilthe Belitung find, historians had thought that Tang China traded primarily through the land routes of Central Asia, mainly on the Silk Road.

直到勿里洞残骸被发现，历史学家们才知道古中国唐朝时期主要是通过陆路与中亚国家进行贸易往来，尤其是通过丝绸之路。

Ancient records told of Persian fleets sailing the Southeast Asian seas but no wrecks had been found, until the Belitung dhow.

古代记录表明，曾有波斯舰队航行到东南亚海域，但直到勿里洞岛三角帆船被发现时，才发现一些沉船残骸。 Its cargo confirmed that a huge volume of trade was taking place along a maritime route, said Heidi Tan, a curator at the Asian Civilisations Museum and a curator of the exhibition.

船上装载的货物可以证实，通过海上丝绸之路，当时正在进行大量的贸易往来，亚洲文明博物馆馆长兼展览负责人海蒂·唐说道。 Mr. Raby said: 拉比称：“

“The size of the find gives us a sense of two things: a sense ofChina as a country already producing things on an industrialized scale and also a China that is no longer producing ceramics to bury.” 本次发现规模之大，向我们传递了两个信息：一是中国作为一个国家，当时已经开始进行工业化生产；二是中国不仅仅是只生产陪葬瓷器的国家。”

He was referring to the production of burial pottery like camels and horses, which was banned in the late eighth century.

他提到，在18世纪末期，是禁止生产诸如骆驼和马匹之类的陪葬陶器的。

“Instead, kilns looked for other markets and they started producing tableware and they built an export market.”

反之，窑炉出产的产品正在寻求销售市场，当时的人们已经开始生产餐具并且开始从事出口贸易。

2. 英译汉第二篇：

同样节选自The New York Times，原文标题为：E.U. Signals Big Shift on Genetically Modified Crops

原文地址：http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/10/business/energy-environment/10green.html Madeira is more than 500 kilometers from the African coast and is officially one of the“outermost regions” of the European Union.

3 / 92

马德拉距离非洲海岸超过500公里，是欧盟正式承认的“最偏远的地区”之一。

Despite that far-flung status, Madeira catapulted into the center of the Union’s agricultural and environmental affairs last year when Portugal asked the European Commission for permission to impose an unprecedented ban on growing biotech crops there.

虽然位置偏远，在去年，马德拉却成了欧盟农业环境事务的焦点。当时葡萄牙向欧盟请求，允许其禁止在马德拉种植转基因作物，这是前所未有的。

Last week, the commission quietly let the deadline pass for opposing Portugal’s request, allowing Madeira, which is one of Portugal’s autonomous regions, to become the first E.U. territory to get formal permission from Brussels to remain entirely free of genetically modified organisms.

上周，欧盟委员会静悄悄的放过了反对葡萄牙提议的最后期限，使葡萄牙自治区之一马德拉得以完全保持在转基因作物之外，成为了第一个从欧盟总部所在地布鲁塞尔获得正式许可的欧盟地区。

Madeira now will probably go ahead and implement the ban, a spokeswoman for the Portuguese government said Friday.

上周五葡萄牙政府的一名发言人表示，马德拉很可能会先走一步，执行这项禁令。

Individual European countries and regions have banned certain genetically modified crops before. 之前，个别的欧洲国家和地区也曾禁止过特定的转基因作物。

Many consumers and farmers in countries like Austria, France and Italy regard the crops as potentially dangerous and likely to contaminate organically produced food.

像奥地利，法国和意大利这些国家的很多消费者和农民，都认为转基因作物有潜在的危险性，很可能会污染有机食品。

But the case of Madeira represents a significant landmark, because it is the first time the commission, which runs the day-to-day affairs of the European Union, has permitted a country to impose such a sweeping and definitive rejection of the technology.

但是，马德拉的例子却具有里程碑意义，因为委员会平时都是运营欧盟的日常事物，这是它第一次允许一个国家如此大规模的，明确的禁止转基因技术。

The Madeirans’ main concerns focused on preserving the archipelago’s biodiversity and its forest of subtropical laurel trees.

马德拉人的主要关注点集中在保护马德拉群岛的生物多样性和岛上的亚热带月桂树林。

Such forests, known as laurisilva, were once widespread on the European mainland but were wiped out thousands of years ago during an earlier period of climate change.

这些被称作温带雨林的森林，曾广泛存在于欧洲大陆，却在几千年前的一次早期的气候变化期间被摧毁了。

That has left Madeira with “much the largest extent of laurel forest surviving in the world, with a unique suite of plants and animals,” according to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, which named the Madeiran laurisilva a World Heritage Site in 1999.

据联合国教育科学文化组织称，这场气候剧变把“世界上存活量最大的月桂树林，以及一批独特的动植物” 留给了马德拉。该组织在1999年将马德拉温带雨林命为世界遗产地。

The forest also is a growing attraction for tourists, who make up a significant portion of Madeira’s earnings.

这片月桂林同样也吸引了越来越多的游客，是马德拉收入的重要组成部分。

In seeking to ban biotechnology on Madeira, the Portuguese government told the commission that it would be impossible to separate crops containing genetically engineered material from other plant life. 在试图禁止马德拉的生物技术时，葡萄牙政府曾告知欧盟委员会，把包含转基因材料的作物与其它作物分离，将会是不可能的事。

The “risk to nature presented by the deliberate release of GMOs is so dangerous and poses such a threat to the environmental and ecological health of Madeira, that it is not worthwhile risking their use, either directly in the agricultural sector or even on an experimental basis,” the Portuguese told the commission.

4 / 92

葡萄牙政府告诉该委员会：“故意种植转基因作物对自然带来的风险十分巨大，对马德拉的环境和生态健康也会造成重大威胁，所以不论是直接用于农业领域，还是实验规模的种植，冒险使用转基因作物都不值得。”

Madeirais more than 500 kilometers from the African coast and is officially one of the“ outermost regions” of the European Union.

距非洲大陆500公里远的马德拉是欧盟正式承认的最遥远的国家之一。

Despite that far-flung status, Madeira catapulted into the center of the Union’s agricultural and environmental affairs last year when Portugal asked the European Commission for permission to impose an unprecedented ban on growing biotech crops there.

尽管距非洲大陆有些遥远，然而，当去年葡萄牙请求欧盟委员会对马德拉种植生物科技作物一事进行严重惩罚时，马德拉却瞬间成为了欧盟农业与环境事务的焦点。

Last week, the commission quietly let the deadline pass for opposing Portugal’s request, allowing Madeira, which is one of Portugal’s autonomous regions, to become the first E.U. territory to get formal permission from Brussels to remain entirely free of genetically modified organisms.

上周，委员会的默许让截止日期悄然滑过，而不予理会葡萄牙的要求。至此，马德拉，一个葡萄牙的自治区，成为正式得到布鲁塞尔认可的欧盟第一片领土，完全可以自由生产转基因产品。

Madeira now will probably go ahead and implement the ban, a spokeswoman for the Portuguese government said Friday.

马德拉可能将在以后实施禁令，葡萄牙政府的一位发言人在周五发言时称到。

Individual European countries and regions have banned certain genetically modified crops before. 之前，也有个别的欧洲国家或地区禁止某种转基因作物。

Many consumers and farmers in countries like Austria, France and Italy regard the crops as potentially dangerous and likely to contaminate organically produced food.

奥地利，法国与意大利这些国家的多数消费者与农户都认为转基因作物具有潜在的危险性，可能会污染原生态食品。

But the case of Madeira represents a significant landmark, because it is the first time the commission, which runs the day-to-day affairs of the European Union, has permitted a country to impose such a sweeping and definitive rejection of the technology.

然而，对马德拉的关注确实是一个重要的标志。原因在于这是欧盟委员会在欧盟的日常事务中首次同意一个国家彻底明确的拒绝此项技术。

The Madeirans’ main concerns focused on preserving the archipelago’s biodiversity and its forest of subtropical laurel trees.

马德拉的注意力主要集中在如何保持马德拉群岛的生物多样性并保护岛上的亚热带月桂林。

Such forests, known as laurisilva, were once widespread on the European mainland but were wiped out thousands ofyears ago during an earlier period of climate change.

这些月桂林曾经遍布欧洲大陆的每个角落，但却在几千年前的一次早期气候变化中被摧毁了。

That has left Madeira with “much the largest extent of laurel forest surviving in the world, with a unique suite of plants and animals,” according to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, which named the Madeiran laurisilva a World Heritage Site in 1999.

联合国教科文组织在1999年将马德拉月桂林列入为世界文化遗产名录，并称，马德拉具有世界上存活量最大的月桂林，并且生存着一批独特的动植物。

The forest also is a growing attraction for tourists, who make up a significant portion of Madeira’s earnings.

这片月桂林还吸引了大量游客，成为马德拉国家经济收入的一个主要来源。

In seeking to ban biotechnology on Madeira, the Portuguese government told thecommission that it would be impossible to separate crops containing genetically engineered material from other plant life.

5 / 92

“The importance of this discovery goes well beyond the volume,” said Sebastián Eskenazi, YPF?s chief executive, as he announced the find. “The important thing is it is something new: new energy, a new future, new expectations.” Although there are significant hurdles, geologists say that the Vaca Muerta is a harbinger of a possible major expansion of global petroleum supplies over the next two decades as the industry uses advanced techniques to extract oil from shale and other tightly packed rocks.

Oil experts caution that geologists have only just begun to study shale fields in much of the world, and thus can only guess at their potential. Little seismic work has been completed, and core samples need to be retrieved from thousands of feet below the surface to judge how much oil or gas can be retrieved.

Argentina certainly has high hopes for shale oil from the southern Patagonian province of Neuquén. The 150 million barrels of recoverable shale oil found in the Vaca Muerta represents an increase of 8 percent in Argentina?s reserves, and the find was the biggest discovery of oil in the country since the late 1980s.

Oil experts say the Vaca Muerta is probably just a start for Argentina, long a middle-ranked oil producer. Mr. Lynch noted that YPF had explored only 100 square miles out of 5,000 square miles in the whole shale deposit, and other oil companies working in the area had not announced any discoveries yet.

So far, nearly all of the oil exploration in the shale fields in Argentina and elsewhere has been pursued with traditional vertical wells. Plans are just beginning for horizontal drilling.

Some experts caution that the fast advance of oil production from shale in the United States is no guarantee of similar successes abroad, at least not in the near future. 汉译英的第一篇

节选自《胡锦涛在金砖国家领导人第三次会晤时的讲话》(2011年4月15日) 原文：

和平稳定是发展的前提和基础。上个世纪，人类经历了两次世界大战，生灵涂炭，经济社会发展遭受严重挫折。第二次世界大战结束以来，世界经济能够快速增长，主要得益于相对和平稳定的国际环境。

我们应该恪守联合国宪章宗旨和原则，充分发挥联合国及其安理会在维护和平、缔造和平、建设和平方面的核心作用。坚持通过对话和协商，以和平方式解决国际争端。

我们应该坚持国家不论大小、强弱、贫富都是国际社会平等一员，以民主、包容、合作、共赢的精神实现共同安全，做到一国内部的事情一国自主办、大家共同的事情大家商量办，坚定不移奉行多边主义和国际合作，推进国际关系民主化。

我们应该营造支持各国根据本国国情实现和平、稳定、繁荣的国际环境。应该本着求同存异的原则，尊重各国主权和选择发展道路和发展模式的权利，尊重文明多样性，在交流互鉴、取长补短中相得益彰、共同进步。

11 / 92

参考译文：

Peace and stability form the prerequisite and foundation for development. The two world wars in the last century caused mankind untold sufferings and world economic and social development severe setbacks. It is mainly due to the relatively peaceful and stable international environment that the world economy has been able to grow at a fast pace in the post-war era. The World Bank statistics show that none of the countries persistently under violent conflict has achieved the UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). To maintain world peace and stability so that the people can live a happy and prosperous life is the primary responsibility for governments and leaders of all countries.

We should abide by the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and bring into full play the central role of the United Nations and its Security Council in peace keeping, peace making and peace building. We should seek peaceful settlement of international disputes through dialogue and consultation.

All countries, big or small, strong or weak, rich or poor, are equal members of the international community. We should work for common security in a spirit of democracy, inclusiveness, cooperation and win-win progress. Internal affairs of a country should be handled independently by the country itself and international affairs should be managed collectively through consultation by all. We should be committed to multilateralism and international cooperation, and promote democracy in international relations.

We should foster an international environment that supports efforts of countries to achieve peace, stability and prosperity in the light of their national circumstances. We should respect the sovereignty of all countries and their right to choose their development paths and models in keeping with the principle of seeking common ground while shelving differences. And we should respect the diversity of civilizations and pursue common progress through mutual learning and drawing on each other's strength. 第二篇

1882年中国第一盏电灯在上海点亮，这使得中国逐渐告别了油灯和蜡烛照明的历史，当时使用的电灯就是白炽灯，这一用就是130年，中国也成为白炽灯的生产和消费大国。

早在1996年，中国就启动实施了“绿色照明工程”，中国绿色照明工程的实施，推动了照明电器行业结构的优化升级和产品质量的整体提升。经过多年努力，中国节能灯产品质量水平日益提高，一些企业产品质量和工艺水平已达到世界领先水平。高效照明产品及技术的日益成熟为逐步淘汰白炽灯提供了重要保障。 中国节能灯的全球市场占有率由1996年的20%提高到2010年的85%。

2012年11月份CATTI二级笔译 英译汉第一篇

Where Shakespeare Slept, or So They Say Tucked away in this small village in Buckinghamshire County 白金汉郡一座小村落深处，有一所伊丽莎白时 12 / 92

is the former Elizabethan coaching inn where William 期的车马驿站，据说莎士比亚曾在这里执笔创Shakespeare is said to have penned part of \作了“仲夏夜之梦”的部分篇章。 Night's Dream.\这座现被称之为“莎士比亚之屋”的建筑，初Dating from 1534, the inn, now called Shakespeare House, is 建于1534年，是都铎时期打猎者的栖息地。thought to have been built as a Tudor hunting lodge. Later 后来这里成了伦敦与斯特拉特福路途中往返it became a stop for travelers between London and 过客的歇脚之地。埃文河畔斯特拉特福是莎士Stratford-upon-Avon, where Shakespeare was born and buried. 比亚生命开始与结束的地方。 It was \17世纪约翰·奥布里编写的传记合集中提到：biographies by John Aubrey, that linked Shakespeare to the 正是这短促的逗留，让莎士比亚与这所驿站有inn, saying that he had stayed there and drawn inspiration 了交集，莎士比亚在这座小村期间就暂住于for the comedy while in the village. 此，并在这里找到《仲夏夜之梦》的创作灵感。 尼克·安德伍德是房屋现在的主人之一，他说One of the current owners, Nick Underwood, said the local lore 当地的流言更加夸张：“据说，每逢4月23goes even further: \is also said he appears at the oriel 日，就会有人看到莎士比亚的身影出现在房屋window on the top floor of the house on April 23 every year 顶层的壁窗。相传4月23日是莎士比亚的出-- the date he is said to have been born and to have died.\生之日，也是他的逝世之日。” \later years, the house later became a farmhouse, with 150 随后，这所建筑变成了供150英亩农田使用的acres of land, but, over time, pieces were sold off,\农舍。时过境迁，农田被分割变卖。安德伍德Underwood said. \称，“在他之前，房屋由两个美国家庭占有“。American families.\现在他和房屋的共同主人罗伊·艾斯布雷打Elsbury, have put the seven-bedroom property on the market 算将这座有7间卧房的房屋以137.5万英镑at ￡1.375 million, or $2.13 million. （213万美元）的市价出售。 Despite its varied uses and renovations over the years, 房屋面积4,250平方英尺（395平方米），多the 4,250-square-foot, or 395-square-meter, inn has 年来，这座建筑的用途几经变更，但驿站依旧retained so much of its original character that the 未改它最原始的风格。英国文化遗产保护组织organization English Heritage lists it as a Grade 将其列为二级文物，这说明该座建的重要性非II* property, indicating that it is particularly important 同小可，且具有不同寻常的迷人之处。该组织and of \than special interest.\Only 27 percent of the 认证的1600座建筑中，仅有27%的建筑享有此1,600 buildings on the organization's register have this 等殊荣。 designation. We knew of the house before we bought it and were very excited ”我们先前就留意到这座房屋，后来得知它要when it came up for sale. It is so unusual to find an 出售的消息，我们兴奋极了。要在这块儿地方Elizabethan property of this size, in this area, and when 找到一座这般大小的伊丽莎白时期建筑实非we saw it, we absolutely fell in love with it,\Mr. Underwood 易事，我们一见到它就深深爱上它了，“安德said. \have taken great pleasure in working on it and living 伍德先生说道，”在这里干活儿，在这里生活，here. This house is all about the history.\我们非常享受。“这座房屋处处都是历史。 In addition to being the owners' home, the property currently 目前，这里除了是房屋主人的居所外，还是供is run as a luxury guest house, with rooms rented for ￡99 人住宿的豪华客房，房间租住价格从一晚99to ￡250 a night. 英镑到250英镑不等。 \迪恩·海维塞德是高端房地产机构全国销售architecture,\总监，他从买房者的角度分析说，”‘莎士比director of Fine real estate agency, which is representing 亚之屋’极好的展现了伊丽莎白时期建筑的the owners. \特色。房屋修缮精美，能让人们从中体味到古 13 / 92

unique lifestyle, which brings a taste of the past together 典韵味与现代舒适相结合的独特生活方式。市with modern-day comfort. It is rare to find a home like this 面上很难找到像这样的房屋。“ on the market.\英译汉第二篇 In Greenland, Ice and Instability

by Andrew C. Revkin, excerpt from The New York Times January 8, 2008

The ancient frozen dome cloaking Greenland is so vast that 格林兰岛被广袤的原始冰层所笼罩，飞行员pilots have crashed into what they thought was a cloud bank 曾将冰层误认为地平线上隆起的云堤迎头相spanning the horizon. Flying over it, you can scarcely imagine 撞。飞越冰岛，你很难想象冰层被侵蚀的速that it could erode fast enough to dangerously raise sea levels 度会如此之快，似乎冰岛随时都有被海水淹any time soon. 没的危险。 Along the flanks in spring and summer, however, the picture 值初春夏末之际，格陵兰岛却呈现出一幅截is very different. For an increasing number of warm years, a 然不同的景象。由于连续多年气候变暖，蓝network of blue lakes and rivulets of melt-water has been 色湖泊与融水溪流交织的水网在冰盖之上越spreading ever higher on the icecap. 漫越广。 The melting surface darkens, absorbing up to four times as much 积雪可折射太阳光，而融化处表面的颜色变energy from the sun as snow, which reflects sunlight. Natural 深，吸收的太阳热量是积雪表面吸收热量的drainpipes called moulins carry water from the surface into 四倍。冰臼像天然的排水管道将融化的雪水the depths, in some places reaching bedrock. 从表面灌向底层，有些区域一直通向基岩。 The process slightly, but measurably, lubricates and accelerates the grinding passage of ice towards the sea. 这一过程对冰层向海水的倾斜起到催化加速的作用。进程虽然缓慢，但却视之可见。 Most important, many glaciologists say, is the break-up of huge 多名冰川学家称，最严重的问题是，因遇到semi-submerged clots of ice where some large Greenland 海洋暖流，格林兰岛上的大块冰山挤过海湾glaciers, particularly along the west coast, squeeze through 之时，会引发大块半漂浮冰层的断裂，尤其fiords as they meet the warming ocean. As these passages have 是在西部沿海区域。冰山活动明显，极大地cleared, this has sharply accelerated the flow of many of these 为诸多蜿蜒褶皱的冰流推波助澜。 creeping, corrugated and frozen rivers. Some glaciologists fear that the rise in seas in a warming world 部分冰川学家担心，全球变暖环境下，海平could be much greater than the upper estimate of about 60 面上升的高度将远远超过政府间气候变化专centimetres this century made by the Intergovernmental Panel 门委员会去年预测的涨幅上限--60厘米。（上on Climate Change last year. (Seas rose less than 30 世纪，海平面已上涨近30厘米。） centimetres last century.) The panel's assessment did not include factors known to 专家委员会的评估中没有涵盖所有已知的影contribute to ice flows but not understood well enough to 响冰川流动的因素，也没有充分掌握如何进estimate with confidence. SCIENTIFIC scramble is under way 行准确评估的方法。目前正有科学研究对格to clarify whether the erosion of the world's most vulnerable 林兰岛和南极大陆上最薄弱的冰层予以观ice sheets, in Greenland and west Antarctica, can continue to 察，以弄清楚冰层的侵蚀现象是否会继续加accelerate. The effort involves field and satellite analyses 快。研究包括现场和卫星勘测分析以及对历and sifting for clues from past warm periods, 史阶段变暖时期研究纪录的筛查。 Things are definitely far more serious than anyone would have 与五年之前人们的预想相比，显而易见，目thought five years ago. 前事态更加严重。

14 / 92

3. 汉译英第一篇：

节选自《中国的对外援助》白皮书

多年来，中国在致力于自身发展的同时，始终坚持向经济困难的其他发展中国家提供力所能及的援助，承担相应国际义务。

中国的对外援助符合自己的国情和受援国发展的需要，中国是世界上最大的发展中国家，人口多、底子薄、经济发展不平衡。发展仍然是中国长期面临的任务，这决定了中国的对外援助属于南南合作范畴，是发展中国家间的相互帮助。中国在对外援助中，始终坚持平等互利，注重实效，与时俱进，不附带任何政治条件的原则。 Over the years, while focusing on its own development, China has been providing aid to the best of its ability to other developing countries with economic difficulties, and fulfilling its due international obligations.

China's foreign aid policy is suited both to China's actual conditions and the needs of the recipient countries. China is the world's largest developing country, with a large population, a poor foundation and uneven economic development. As development remains an arduous and long-standing task, China's foreign aid falls into the category of South-South cooperation and is mutual help between developing countries.( 平等互利 Remaining realistic while striving for the best与时俱进Keeping pace with the times不附带任何政治条件Imposing no political conditions.) 4. 汉译英第二篇：

节选自中国地域文化介绍《魅力翘楚贺兰山》

作为远古人类留给我们的宝贵文化遗产，岩画堪称是记载人类早期社会生活的百科全书，也是史前人类文化、宗教、民俗以及原始艺术史的见证。

中国是世界上岩画诞生最早、分布最广、内容最丰富的国家之一，而地处中国西北宁夏回族自治区境内的贺兰山又是华夏土地上遗存岩画最集中、题材最广泛、保存最完好的地区之一。

仅在贺兰山口处，就分布着近6000幅岩画，据专家考证，这些岩画大多为北方游牧民族创作，其中包括栩栩如生的各类动物画像和千奇百态的人面像，造型粗犷、稚拙、构图朴实、自然。

有专家认为，贺兰山岩画出现在象形文字之前。那时，通过这种方式，这里的游牧民族艰难地将他们的理想、愿望、欢乐和悲伤凿刻在贺兰山的岩壁上，也给后人留下了一部史前人类“天书”！ 参考译文一

As a valuable cultural heritage ancient humans left us , rock art can be recorded documented encyclopedia of early human social life, but also the testimony of prehistoric human culture, religion, folk and original art history.

China is one of the earliest rock art was born, the most widely distributed, the contents of the richest countries in the world, Helan Mountain，located in China's northwest Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region ,is one of remaining rock art most concentrated, the subject matter is the most widely used, and one of the best-preserved areas.

Only in the pass of Helan, nearly 6000 rock paintings are distributed, according to textual research of experts, these rock paintings are mostly created by northern nomadic nationality , including the true to life likeness of various animal portraits and attitudes of thousands of odd human face image, modelling rough, naive, simple, natural composition.

Some experts hold the view that the appearance of Helan Mountain rock paintings is earlier than that of hieroglyfhs. At that time, the nomadic people expressed their ideal,hope,joy and sadness by carving the paintings on the rock, which left the descendants the prehistoric human \参考译文二

As a precious cultural heritage left by ancient people, rock-painting can be said as an encyclopedia recording the early social lives of human, which not only transmits the ancient civilization with long times, but also serves a witness of the culture, religion, folk-custom and ancient artistic history of prehistory people.

China is one of the countries whose rock-carvings boast the earliest creation, the widest distribution and the richest content in the world, while Helan Mountain is one of the regions whose rock-carvings boast the most concentrated distribution, the

15 / 92

年一季度“过热”的结束到四季度“硬着陆” 的开始，经历了一个为期6个月的短周期。中国通过前所未有的强力政策，终于成为第一个从“大衰退”中复苏的主要经济体。面对当前的强劲复苏，越来越多的人 开始关注这些“超级宽松”的货币和财政政策的潜在后果以及相关的退出战略。

结论：我们认为，高储蓄率对于理解中国经济的各种现象的演化和内在联系起着极为重要的作用。高储蓄率主要是中国人口政策下的人口结构、经济快速增长背景 下家庭消费习惯改变缓慢等长期因素作用的结果。在“过度储蓄优点”的影响下，中国已经并可能继续保持高增长、低通胀，而且只要继续保持高储蓄率，就足以抵 御来自外部的冲击。在这一背景下，挥之不去的资产价格上涨压力可能成为中国经济的一个常态现象，而非特例，从而成为政策制定者面临的最大、也是经常化的宏 观经济挑战，而为了最大限度地防范资产价格破裂所造成的系统性风险，“降低杠杆率”很可能成为经济政策的一个重点。

因此，中国将有必要实施严格的房贷抵押制度，限制股票市场的保证金交易，严格执行银行资本充足率要求，非对称开放外部资本账户管制，引导资本流出，控制资本流入，防止对人民币汇率的单边下注导致热钱的涌入。

近期政策影响：我们认为，当前的政策态势在年底之前当基本保持不变，并在2010年初随着银行新增贷款增长率的正常化(从2009年的9.5万－10万 亿元降至2010年的7万－8万亿元)，而转向中性。在明年年中之前，不大可能出现上调存款准备金率及基准利率以及人民币升值等紧缩政策。

中国的高储蓄率实际上是一个资产配置的问题

中国的国民储蓄约占GDP的55%，其中19%为家庭储蓄，11%为政府储蓄， 25%为企业储蓄。国民储蓄只能用于三种用途：境内有形资产、境外有形资产和境外金融资产。境内有形资产主要通过国内固定资产投资的方式形成；境外有形资 产的形成途径为中国居民的境外直接投资，或以并购方式获得现有境外有形资产的所有权；境外金融资产的形成途径为中央银行的官方外汇储备积累，或跨境自由流 动机制(即无资本账户控制)下的私人投资。

一个反复出现的宏观主题：高投资、高增长、低通胀

高储蓄为促进国内投资的快速增长提供了充足的资金，而高投资反过来又促进了经济的快速增长。在其他条件不变的情况下，国内高储蓄支撑的高增长通常会导致 紧缩压力，而非通胀压力。具体而言，实施初期的投资项目是

26 / 92

总体需求的一部分(即需求曲线向右平移)，因而通常会增长价格上涨的压力，但是投资最终将导致产 能的扩大，从而大幅增长供给(即供给曲线向右平移)。

在一个高储蓄的环境中，任何通胀压力都不可能持续很久。因为高储蓄率造成充裕的资金供应，从而使通过投资产生的供给面反应变得极为迅速。

境外金融资产的主要表现形式是外汇储备

中国的境外金融资产的主要表现形式为中央银行的外汇储备，约占中国境外总资产的70%。这主要是因为资本账户的管制导致国内居民不能自由进行境外投资。 不过，以官方外汇储备形式体现的境外金融资产并不真正反映国内私人储蓄在境外使用的情况，因为国内的流动性(即如果没有资本账户管制，则可能已由私营部门 投资于境外有形资产或金融资产所对应的那部分储蓄)正是由央行的外汇储备积累而创造的，但却被限制在中国国内。

挥之不去的资产价格上涨压力

一方面，央行外汇储备的积累创造了大量的国内流动性，同时金融投资的需求又很强劲。另一方面，国内资本市场不够发达，证券化投资产品不足。在中国，85% 的金融中介是通过银行系统完成的，证券市场只占10%，而债券市场基本就不存在。

资本市场供需不平衡的趋势是中国股市估值偏高的一个重要原因。作为一个贴现机制，目前规模尚小的中国股市背负了为整个经济的“光明未来”进行定价的“沉重包袱”，因此很容易在短期内滋生泡沫，尤其是在投资者的情绪变得亢奋之时。

中国的高储蓄是一个人口代际现象

高储蓄率主要是中国的计划生育政策下的人口结构、经济快速增长背景下家庭消费习惯改变缓慢等长期因素作用的结果。

“计划生育政策”以人为的形式在较短时间内大幅降低了中国的人口抚养比。在其他国家，老龄化是一个自然过程。尽管家庭收入随着整体经济增长而迅速增加，但个人消费习惯可能需要好几年甚至好几十年才能改变。这是为什么“文化因素”常常被认为是高储蓄率的原因。

27 / 92

国有企业缺乏社会保障和公司治理等其他结构性因素，虽然对中国的高储蓄率也有所贡献，但它们要么影响甚微，要么只是上述长期影响因素的间接反应。例如，私人企业占中国工业企业利润的70%以上，而私人企业的储蓄行为实际上是个人储蓄行为的一种延伸。

总体情况：资产价格上涨压力成为常态

我们认为，在“过度储蓄优点”的影响下，中国已经并可能继续保持高增长、低通胀，而且只要继续保持高储蓄率，就足以抵御来自外部的冲击。在这一背景下， 挥之不去的资产价格上涨压力可能成为中国经济的一个常态，而非特例，从而成为未来几年政策制定者面临的最大、也是经常化的宏观经济挑战。

首要政策重点：降低杠杆率同时着眼于最大限度地防范系统性风险

在中国这样“过度储蓄”的经济体，管理资产价格的持续上涨压力，可能在未来几年内成为比控制传统的CPI上涨或促进经济增长更重要的政策目标。不过，由 于传统的货币政策工具并非最合适的资产价格上涨管理工具，所以当前的紧迫任务是最大限度地防范资产价格破裂带来的系统性风险。在低杠杆率下，资产价格破裂 造成的损失要小得多。

“降低杠杆率”很可能成为经济系统的一个重要政策目标。因此，将有必要实施严格的房贷抵押制度，严格限制股票市场的保证金交易，严格执行银行资本充足率要求。

此外，防止对人民币汇率的单边下注也十分重要，因为强烈的人民币升值预期将导致热钱的涌入，这是境外投机者使用的另一种杠杆形式。同样，有必要非对称开放资本账户控制，引导资本流出，控制资本流入。

通过合格国内机构投资者(QDII)以及合格国内散户投资者(QDRI)的投资活动，开放对外资本账户，当有助于满足国内储蓄者直接拥有境外金融资产的 需求，从而放缓中央银行外汇储备积累及国内流动性创造的速度。不过，对资本流入(特别是短期投资)的控制应当继续维持或逐步取消。否则资本的流入将会对国 内储蓄导致的严重资产价格上涨压力起到推波助澜的作用，并使政策博弈进一步复杂化。

结构性改革日程：放松价格管制，发展资本市场

在宏观风险和系统性风险得到控制之后，应重点采取有助于提升投资质量的结构性改革措施。尽管“过度储蓄”有

28 / 92

助于产生高增长、低通胀等重要数据，但“过度 储蓄”所创造的资本应当得到有效的配置。因此，放松对利率、能源价格及其他重要自然资源商品价格的管制已经不容拖延了。

同时，政府应进一步加快国内资本市场(包括股市和固定收益证券市场)，增加证券化产品的供应以满足不断增长的投资机会需求，缓解资产价格上涨的压力。

促进消费措施效果如何？

自从危机爆发以来，通过降低储蓄率促进国内消费已经成为一个政策重点。不过，如果中国的高储蓄率是一个人口代际现象，在我们看来，实质降低国民储蓄率的 政策空间将十分有限。尤其是加强社会保障系统以及国有企业的公司治理可能有助于降低家庭储蓄率，但不会有效降低国民储蓄率。

任何旨在促进消费的结构性改革可能都会比较温和，效果也将十分有限。如果采取激进的政策措施强行降低储蓄率，而无视其人口代际本质，则将适得其反，使得福利体系过于慷慨，超过中国这样人均收入仍然很低的国家的承受能力。

事实上，我们认为，就这一问题讨论的任何相关政策建议都应被视为针对收入差距而采取的措施，而非着眼于增加整体消费水平。

汉译英2（回忆贴）

我国控烟禁烟形势严峻：吸烟成病死亡率世界第一

http://www.china.com.cn/news/env/2009-05/23/content_17824023_2.htm 我国控烟和禁烟形势依然严峻

尽管我们在控烟和禁烟方面做了大量工作，取得了一定成效，但控烟和禁烟形势依然严峻。 一、普遍对烟草烟雾危害性认识存在四大误区。禁烟难、难禁烟，主要是对烟草烟雾的危害不认识或认识不足，甚至把吸烟说成好处多、贡献大、危害小、不伤害他人。 这些错误的认识包括:

29 / 92

吸烟“好处多”。很多烟民认为，吸烟可以消除疲劳、解除烦闷、振奋精神、刺激情绪；吸烟可以防止虫叮蚊咬，以毒攻毒消除某些病害；吸烟可以社交联谊、广交朋友、潇洒浪漫；吸烟可以帮助大脑启发思考、写作带来灵气等。

吸烟“贡献大”。吸烟是为国家做贡献、创造财富、增加税收、脱贫致富、解决就业。没有烟民，国家哪能每年收入几千个亿元税收，解决上千万人的就业，国家应感谢烟民，从而为吸烟找到所谓正当理由。

吸烟“无大害”。许多烟民和社会公众认为吸烟有点害但无大害。主要是尼古丁的毒害，这种毒害也是轻微的、漫长的、潜移默化的，只要自己身体好无大害，你看某位亲人一辈子吸烟活到九十九，不影响健康长寿。

吸烟“不伤害他人”。这是在公共场所和工作场所禁烟难的一个重要原因。

烟民错误地认为，吸烟是自己的权利，自己的自由，不受他人干涉。对于烟雾污染环境、污染空气质量，对二手烟、三手烟、主动吸烟、被动吸烟造成对他人健康侵害和享有清新空气的环境权的侵害不认知、不支持，我行我素。有的认为有点影响问题也不大，缺乏共同营造文明环境的思想和道德素质。

文章来源: 中国环境报

沪江网站的点评

二级笔译英译汉的主题是：

（1）海洋生态学家与渔业管理学家共同研究鱼类的维系和管理问题

Can we have our fish and eat it too? An unusual collaboration of marine ecologists and fisheries management scientists says the answer may be yes.

我们能否二者兼得，既有鱼可吃同时还能维系鱼类继续生存呢？由海洋生态学家与渔业管理学家进行的一项非同寻常的合作项目表明，这一答案也许是肯定的。

第一句原本可以译成汉语的一句习语：鱼与熊掌不可兼得。但是，根据该篇的上下文，如果按汉语习语来译，就显得很不妥当，因此，在翻译该句时应适当对含义做出调整，使之符合文章的要求。 Their conclusions are at once gloomy — overfishing continues to threaten many species — and upbeat: a combination of steps can turn things around. 30 / 92

两组科学家的结论喜忧掺半：忧的是过度捕捞将继续威胁着许多鱼类，喜的是若采取综合措施将会扭转事态。

该句的翻译考点是：采用“总分结构”还是“分总结构”翻译该句。如按照原句的顺序来译，就不太符合汉语的表达习惯，因为原句的表达形式是采用“分总结构”，而汉语则习惯于“总分结构”。

They sought and received financing and began organizing workshops at the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, an organization sponsored by the National Science Foundation and based at the University of California, Santa Barbara. 他们获得了研究资助并开始在国家生态综合分析中心组织研讨会。该中心是国家科学基金会资助的一个研究机构，位于圣巴巴拉市加利福尼亚大学。

在翻译此句时，要注意将同位语译成一个独立的句子，以使汉语表达更为通顺。 （2）野火与植物强劲的生命力

Perhaps naively, I had expected to find that many trees had been killed. They hadn’t. They had blackened bark, but were otherwise looking rather well.

也许处于幼稚，我本料想会看到许多烧死的树木。但它们并没有被大火烧死，只有被烧黑的树皮，要不是这场大火，它们本来长势良好。

But unlike a normal animal, it’s a shape-shifter. 然而火并不像一个普通的动物，它是一个可以使物体改变形状的动物。

“a shape-shifter”名词转动词。词性的转换在翻译中是一个常用的手法，这是由英汉两种语言表达方式的差异所决定的。

汉译英部分对考生使用句式的熟练程度，词语内涵的把握都有较高的要求。 例句：

1. 尽管中国在禁烟和控烟方面做了大量的工作，但中国控烟形势依然严峻。

Considerable work as China has done in its campaign to control smoking and use of tobacco, the situation of smoking control still remains grim. 该句使用了一个“让步状语从句”的特殊句式。 2. 中国的烟草和烟制品的生产和消费占世界第一。

China ranks first in the world for its production and consumption of tobacco and tobacco products.

31 / 92

该句的主语应该如何确定，到底是“生产与消费”作主语，还是“中国”作主语？该句考察了考生对汉英语中的表达习惯不同的认知。

3. 许多烟民认为，吸烟可以消除疲劳、解除烦闷、振奋精神、刺激情绪；吸烟可以社交联谊、广交朋友等。

Many smokers believe that smoking can help eliminate one’s fatique, relieve one’s boredom, heighten one’s spirit and stimulate one’s mood. Moreover, smoking can help socialize oneself with others, extend one’s circle of friends. 汉语中习惯用四字词组，译成英语时也应尽力选择字数相等形式来译。

4.高储蓄为促进国内投资的快速增长提供了充足的资金，而高投资反过来又促进了经济的快速增长。 The high rate of savings provides sufficient funds for the rapid growth of domestic investment and the high investment in turn greatly facilitates the fast growth of economy. 5. 高储蓄率主要是中国的计划生育政策下的人口结构、经济快速增长背景下家庭消费习惯改变缓慢等长期因素作用的结果。

The high rate of savings can be chiefly attributed to the long-term factors that the population structure is formed under China’s one-child policy and household consumption habits change very slowly under the circumstances of the rapid economic growth. 6. 尽管家庭收入随着整体经济增长而迅速增加，但个人消费习惯可能需要好几年甚至好几十年才能改变。

Although the family income has quickly increased with the overall economic growth, it may take years or even decades before the personal consumption habits will change. 7. 在“过度储蓄优点”的影响下，中国已经并可能继续保持高增长、低通胀，而且只要继续保持高储蓄率，就足以抵御来自外部的冲击。

Under the effects of the “excess savings advantages”, China has and will continue to maintain a situation of high growth and low inflation. And so long as China continues to maintain a high rate of savings, it will be able to withstand external impact

2010年5月CATTI二级笔译 综合能力测试完型填空原文以及答案

When We Talk About Privacy

32 / 92

by Ruth Suli Urman

When we talk about privacy issues with teenagers, what are we really talking about? Most importantly, trust. It's only natural for adolescents growing into their teen years, to want some privacy, some alone time, where they can think about who they are becoming, who they want to be and perhaps, just to relax and be out of earshot of the rest of the world. Teens, like adults, work hard too. And when we consider how much socializing they are forced to do, when they attend school all day, sometimes they just want to come home, go into their room, close the door and just listen to the music of their choice. As adults, it helps to remember not to take these things personally.

We also need to remember that teenagers can experience \space to be irritable or sad, without demanding that they put on a cheerful face and fa?ade - as we certainly can't expect anything from them that we don't expect from ourselves! - we are honoring their feelings, as we honor our own feelings.

Keeping journals, having private conversations with their friends on the phone, and wanting some alone time is a teen's way of becoming who they are. They are slipping into their bodies, their minds, and their distinct individualities. It helps to remember what it was like to be a teen: the writing we may not have wanted to show our parents, the conversations with friends about \times that we wanted to listen to The Beatles when our parents only wanted to hear classical music.

It is helpful to think about how we want to be treated, as an adult. Remember: respect is earned, not taken for granted. In order to expect our teenagers to be respectful of us, we must be their teachers and their guides, so that they can mirror our behavior. They will give us back what we are giving them, even without consciously thinking about it. What happens if they %up and we never see their lovely faces? As a beginning, in balancing their alone time, we can reach out and make the time to gather the family together, such as meal times, to create

communication. This way our children don't end up living their lives behind closed bedroom doors (where we miss out on their childhood years).

Coming together as a family is important, too. There is an immense feeling of satisfaction knowing that we are not strangers to our children, and they are not strangers to us. If there is any concern

33 / 92

about what they are doing when you are not with them, find a good time and place where they are comfortable (and you are feeling relaxed about talking) and tell them about your concerns. Life is a series of balances, and in the instance of privacy, we can balance that too. Let them know in a loving way how much you care and perhaps share one of your own teenage stories. In teaching them to balance their privacy needs, there is nothing wrong with asking them

questions about where they are going, and expecting them to honor our house rules about curfew, etc. We are still the parents and if we decide we need more information about their friends, by all means, take notes on where they are headed off to, or better yet, offer to be a part of their lives, as much as they are willing to let you in: personally meet their friends' parents; become active in their school. It's a great way to find out about their friendships-which are invaluable to teens, and to foster a close relationship with our teenagers - especially if we come from a place of love and caring and not from a sense of snooping or spying.

实务英译汉－必译题 参考译文

In the European Union, carrots must be firm but not woody, cucumbers must not be too curved and celery has to be free of any type of cavity. This was the law, one that banned overly curved, extra-knobbly or oddly shaped produce from supermarket shelves.

在欧盟，市场出售的胡萝卜必须脆而不糠，黄瓜也不能太弯，芹菜一点空心都不能有。因为过去法规禁止超市出售外形过弯、疙疙瘩瘩或者外形奇怪的农产品。

But in a victory for opponents of European regulation, 100 pages of legislation determining the size, shape and texture of fruit and vegetables have been torn up. On Wednesday, EU officials agreed to axe rules laying down standards for 26 products, from peas to plums.

但是最终反对这条欧盟法规的人士取得了胜利，这意味着约100页规定果蔬尺寸、外形和质地的相关法规得以废除。周三，欧盟有关领导人同意废除对部分农产品的强制性标准，范围涉及豌豆、李子等26个品种。

In doing so, the authorities hope they have killed off regulations routinely used by critics - most

34 / 92

notably in the British media - to ridicule the meddling tendencies of the EU.

以英国媒体为首，各界批评家常就这一法规对欧盟动辄插手干涉的作风冷嘲热讽。有关部门希望此举能息事宁人/ 正是基于这一现状促使有关部门将其废除。

With the cost of the weekly supermarket visit on the rise, it has become increasingly hard to defend the act of throwing away food just because it looks strange.

老百姓去超市购物的花费每周都在上涨，在这种情况下，就因为蔬菜水果长得不够标准就扔掉，实在说不过去。

Beginning in July next year, when the changes go into force, standards on the 26 products will disappear altogether. Shoppers will then be able to chose their produce whatever its appearance. 明年七月开始，这些法规将被正式废除。届时，26种产品的标准将会一齐消失。消费者将能够随心所欲地挑选商品，无论它们的摸样是好是坏。

Under a compromise reached with national governments, many of which opposed the changes, standards will remain for 10 types of fruit and vegetables, including apples, citrus fruit, peaches, pears, strawberries and tomatoes.

因为不少欧盟国家政府反对废除这一法规。作为妥协，包括苹果、柑橘类、桃子、梨、草莓和番茄等10种蔬菜水果的相关标准将予以保留。

But those in this category that do not meet European norms will still be allowed onto the market, providing they are marked as being substandard or intended for cooking or processing.

不过就算上述这类果蔬达不到欧盟的标准，只要注明非达标产品或专为烹饪及加工使用，仍然允许其上市销售。

\Boel, European commissioner for agriculture, who argued that regulations were better left to market operators.

欧盟委员会农业委员玛丽安?菲舍尔?伯尔表示：“这标志着弯黄瓜和坑坑洼洼的胡萝卜能重回市场了”，并提倡这类法规应由市场上的经营者说了算。

\

35 / 92

49.4% of people attributed to \habit\

温家宝说，今天是“世界读书日”，大家通过读书和举办讲座等形式开展活动，这对于推动全民族养成读书的良好习惯，提倡读书好、好读书、读好书将起到促进作用。书籍是人类智慧的结晶。读书决定一个人的修养和境界，关系一个民族的素质和力量，影响一个国家的前途和命运。一个不读书的人、不读书的民族，是没有希望的。

Premier Wen Jiaobao said: \of reading books and holding lectures, which is favorable for pushing the whole nation to develop a good habit of reading and for advocating that reading is good, we should love reading and that we should read good books. Books are the essence of mankind wisdom. It determines the mind and ideological level of a person, concerns the inner quality and power of a nation, and influences the future and destiny of a state, hence there will be no hope for a person, or for a state that do not read.

CE第二篇

野生虎的狩猎过去怎么差，后来中国政府出台措施保护野生虎，提高了国民意识，缓解了国际上对于中国有关工作的批评。（具体的没有搜到原文），有类似于大型猫科动物这样的词汇....

41 / 92

2009年5月二级笔译实务真题

E-C Translation

Compulsory Translation

There was, last week, a glimmer of hope in the world food crisis. Expecting a bumper harvest, Ukraine relaxed restrictions on exports. Overnight, global wheat prices fell by 10 percent. By contrast, traders in Bangkok quote rice prices around $1,000 a ton, up from $460 two months ago.

Such is the volatility of today’s markets. We do not know how high food prices might go, nor how far they could fall. But one thing is certain: We have gone from an era of plenty to one of scarcity. Experts agree that food prices are not likely to return to the levels the world had grown accustomed to any time soon.

Imagine the situation of those living on less than $1 a day - the “bottom billion,” the poorest of the world’s poor. Most live in Africa, and many might typically spend two-thirds of their income on food.

In Liberia last week, I heard how people have stopped purchasing imported rice by the bag. Instead, they increasingly buy it by the cup, because that’s all they can afford.

Traveling though West Africa, I found good reason for optimism. In Burkina Faso, I saw a government working to import drought resistant seeds and better manage scarce water supplies, helped by nations like Brazil. In Ivory Coast, we saw a women’s cooperative running a chicken farm set up with UN funds. The project generated income - and food - for villagers in ways that can easily be replicated.

42 / 92

Elsewhere, I saw yet another women’s group slowly expanding their local agricultural production, with UN help. Soon they will replace World Food Program rice with their own home-grown produce, sufficient to cover the needs of their school feeding program.

These are home-grown, grass-roots solutions for grass-roots problems - precisely the kind of solutions that Africa needs.

【译文】

上星期，世界粮食危机出现了一线转机的希望。因预期会获得大丰收，乌克兰放松了出口限制。全球小麦价格一夜间下跌了10％。

然而，曼谷米商每吨大米的报价大约1000美元，而在两个月前，报价是460美元。预计大米价格还会上涨。

这就是目前市场动荡的局面。我们不知道粮食价格将上涨多少，也不知道将下跌多少。但有一点是肯定的：我们已从富足时代进入了匮乏时代。专家们认为，粮食价格近期内不太可能回落到世界已经习以为常的水平。

即使在欧洲富国和美国，消费者也怨声载道。那么，请想像一下每日所得不足一美元的人的境况，这些人是世界穷人中的最贫穷者，是“最下层的十亿人”。他们大都生活在非洲，许多人通常用三分之二的收入购买粮食。

上星期，在利比里亚，我听说人们已不再成袋地买进口大米，而更多地是一杯子一杯子地买，因为他们只买得起一杯子米。

第一个任务是向饥民提供粮食。世界粮食计划署在帮助7300万人。但是，要帮助这些人，世界粮食计划署就需要增加75500万美元的资金才能支付它不断增加的费用。各方已经认捐47500万美元。但是，许诺并不能填饱肚子，粮食计划署现在仅有1800万美元的现金。

43 / 92

Topic 1

For a decade, metallurgists studying the hulk of the Titanic have argued that the storied ocean liner went down quickly after hitting an iceberg because the ship's builder used substandard rivets that popped their heads and let tons of icy seawater rush in. More than 1,500 people died. Now a team of scientists has moved into deeper waters, uncovering evidence in the builder's own archives of a deadly mix of great ambition and use of low-quality iron that doomed the ship, which sank 96 years ago Tuesday.

The scientists found that the ship's builder, Harland and Wolff, in Belfast, struggled for years to obtain adequate supplies of rivets and riveters to build the world's three biggest ships at once: the Titanic and two sisters, Olympic and Britannic.

Each required three million rivets, and shortages peaked during Titanic's construction. \studied the company's archive and other evidence. \'There's problems with the rivets, and we need to hire more people.' \

The team collected other clues from 48 Titanic rivets, using modern tests, computer

simulations, comparisons to century-old metals and careful documentation of what engineers and shipbuilders of the era considered state of the art.

The scientists say the troubles began when the colossal plans forced Harland and Wolff to reach beyond its usual suppliers of rivet iron and include smaller forges, as disclosed in company and British government papers. Small forges tended to have less skill and experience.

Adding to the threat, the company, in buying iron for Titanic's rivets, ordered No. 3 bar, known as \shipbuilders of the day typically used No. 4 iron for anchors, chains and rivets.

So the liner, whose name was meant to be synonymous with opulence, in at least one instance relied on cheap materials.

44 / 92

The scientists argue that better rivets would have probably kept the Titanic afloat long enough for rescuers to have arrived before the icy plunge, saving hundreds of lives.

C-E Translation

Compulsory Translation

“中国制造”模式遭遇发展瓶颈，这种模式必须要改进和提高。一些外国人认为，“中国制造”大约就是质量低下的代名词。不可否认，少数产品的确存在质量问题，让大多数价廉质优的产品代其受罪。

质量是产品的生命线。随着外国市场的夸大，中国企业也意识到质量的重要性。因此一场旨在提高质量，提供优良服务的运动正在兴起。

在传统的制造业中，中国企业通过技术创新和质量管理，为国际市场提供高质量的产品。在新兴的信息产业，中国企业以高科技为师，增强和外国企业的交流与合作，提高产品质量。 近几年来，中国政府通过立法和社会监督保证产品质量，创造全社会重视产品问题的环境。 “中国制造”模式遭遇发展瓶颈，这种模式必须要改进和提高。一些外国人认为，“中国制造”大约就是质量低下的代名词。不可否认，少数产品的确存在质量问题，让大多数价廉质优的产品代其受罪。

质量是产品的生命线。随着外国市场的夸大，中国企业也意识到质量的重要性。因此一场旨在提高质量，提供优良服务的运动正在兴起。

在传统的制造业中，中国企业通过技术创新和质量管理，为国际市场提供高质量的产品。在新兴的信息产业，中国企业以高科技为师，增强和外国企业的交流与合作，提高产品质量。 近几年来，中国政府通过立法和社会监督保证产品质量，创造全社会重视产品问题的环境。

45 / 92

Topic 1

1996年，一位摄影师在新疆喀纳斯自然保护区无意间拍到一只白熊。自此以后的十年里，白熊藏身于深山之中，再无音讯。直到2003年，人们才再次在该自然区又发现了白熊的踪迹。 在熊的家族里，只有北极熊是白色的。但是，这个庞然大物是如何离开极地寒带，来到这个寒温带的地方呢？难道它是通过通往北极的水路来到此地？这一猜测遭到动物学家的质疑。首先，北极熊不能在温带的树林中生活。其次，。。。。。。。。。

2006年，一个科学考察队在白熊出没的地区发现了熊冬眠的冬窝儿，还发现了一小团白色的动物毛发。DNA样本鉴定为棕熊的毛发。但是，也有可能，至少那团毛发不属于照片中的白熊。 Topic 2

蓝藻是一种简单的水生植物，它可以在河湖、湿地、树干和温泉自然蔓延生长。当蓝藻细胞达到一定程度时，蓝藻的“密集孽生”会使水体变色、引起泡沫、散发臭气、影响贝类和鱼类的生存，还会使水质大幅度下降。

2007年夏天，富营养物和其他污染导致蓝藻在太湖、巢湖、滇池发生了蓝藻“密集孽生”现象，影响了城市供水及水生产品生长。

“密集孽生”最严重的是太湖东部。太湖是我国第三大淡水湖。这次“密集孽生”导致周边100多万居民供水问题长达10天之久。为了防止污染，当地环保部门关闭了770家化工厂。

2008年夏天，长期的温暖、干燥气候导致蓝藻在部分地区发生。9月，一艘可以快速、有效地清除蓝藻的船在江苏省投入使用。

2009年 11 月英语二级笔译实务考试试题

英译汉（这次的三篇文章均出自纽约时报?）

46 / 92

必译题

At first, as he adjusted pumps and checked temperatures, Aaron Boucher looked like any technician in the control room of an electrical plant. Then he rushed to the window and scanned the sky, to check his fuel supply.

Mr. Boucher was battling clouds, timing the operations of his power plant to get the most out of patchy sunshine. It is a skill that may soon be in greater demand, for the world appears to be on the verge of a boom in a little-known but promising type of solar power.

It is not the kind that features shiny panels bolted to the roofs of houses. This type involves covering acres of desert with mirrors that focus intense sunlight on a fluid, heating it enough to make steam. The steam turns a turbine and generates electricity.

The technology is not new, but it is suddenly in high demand. As prices rise for fossil fuels and worries grow about their contribution to global warming, solar thermal plants are being viewed as a renewable power source with huge potential.

After a decade of no activity, two prototype solar thermal plants were recently opened in the United States, with a capacity that could power several big hotels, neon included, on the Las Vegas Strip, about 20 miles north of here. Another 10 power plants are in advanced planning in California, Arizona and Nevada.

On sunny afternoons, those 10 plants would produce as much electricity as three nuclear reactors, but they can be built in as little as two years, compared with a decade or longer for a nuclear plant. Some of the new plants will feature systems that allow them to store heat and generate electricity for hours after sunset.

The plant in Boulder city, Nevada Solar One, uses a mirror in the shape of a parabola to focus light onto a black

pipe with a heat-transfer fluid inside. The fluid is used to boil water into steam, which turns a generator that can produce 64 megawatts.

At Nevada Solar One the other day, Mr. Boucher, 30, ran the computerized control room. Dressed in a T-shirt, sneakers and a Boston Red Sox cap worn backwards, he looked a bit like a teenage gamer as he used a computer mouse to manipulate the plant.

He was trying to produce as much electricity as possible while saving heat to tide the plant over as clouds cast episodic shadows on the solar array. “I?ve been fighting it all day,” he said.

Imperceptibly, in the dusty wind of the high desert, 182,000 mirrors moved from east to west, tracking the sun across the sky.

安让. 布切尔看上去和电站控制室中其他的技术人员没有什么不同，他首先调整了泵并检查了温度，（这里该译成校泵5555）然后

跑到窗户边望了望天空，以确定燃料的供给是否适合。（这里该译成以确定阳光是否充足55555）

布切尔先生正和云层较量，调整电站的操作以便从四散的阳光中获得最大的能量。这种技术在不久可能就会倍受青睐，因为世界各

地对这种人们知之甚少但却很有前景的能源-太阳能正趋之若鹜。

这可不是那种装在屋顶带有闪闪发光镶板的太阳能设备，而是在数以英亩计的沙漠上铺设聚光镜，将阳光聚集到一种液体上，加热

使其变成蒸汽，然后蒸汽带动涡轮机从而产生电能。

这不是一种新的技术，但却很受青睐。随着化石燃料价格的上涨及人们对其所对全球变暖带来的影响的担忧，太阳能热电站被认为

是一种极具潜力的可再生能源的来源。

在沉寂十年之后，美国最近新建了两座太阳能热电站，另外10个类似的电站正在筹建之中，计划建于加州、亚利桑那州和内华达州。在阳光明媚的下午，这10座电站所发的电量能达到3个核反应堆所发出的电量，但这些电站只需要2年久可以建成，而一个核电站需要10年甚至更长的时间才能建成。一些新建的电站带有新的系统，可以储存热能，从而保证电站在日落后能继续工作数小时。 建于博尔德市的内华达一号太阳能电站使用的是一种凹形聚光镜，将阳光聚集在一个黑色的管子上，管子里装的是一种可导热的液

体，用这种液体加热水使其变成蒸汽，从而带动发电机，一台发电机每年可产出64兆瓦电能。

前几天（该译成：这天）在内华达一号太阳能电站，30岁的布切尔先生在计算机控制的控制室中进行操作。他身穿一件T恤，脚蹬

运动鞋，反戴着一顶帽子，当他用鼠标控制电站时，看上去还真有点像一个玩电脑游戏的少年。

他正尽力使电站能多发点，同时他也在存储热能以便当云层遮住聚光镜是能够使电站继续工作。他说：“我一整天都在和云层较量。”

在风沙四起的沙漠，182000面聚光镜悄无声息的跟着天空的太阳从东边转向西边。

选译一

This week, this remote Arctic settlement — which bills itself as perhaps the northernmost town in the world — is

47 / 92

buzzing with excitement and expectation. It is not because a polar bear was spotted in the adjacent valley last week. (It was deemed well fed, and officials decided to let it lumber on toward the coast instead of shooting it as a matter of public safety.)

The 2,000 inhabitants of Longyearbyen, on an island 600 miles from the North Pole, are eagerly awaiting another visitor, whose arrival is just around the corner. From experience, they know this guest will warm the air and make the town?s now filmy colors come alive — the white of the snow; the deep blue of the water; the red, yellow and green of the wooden homes, banks, restaurants, schools and the post office.

On sunday, the sun will rise again in Longyearbyen, the first time since October. While most of the world takes light and shadows for granted, for residents here, after months of perpetual darkness, the prospect of sunlight is a very big deal.

With the sun climbing closer to the horizon, each day is 20 minutes longer than the day before, and noticeably brighter. On Saturday, direct sunlight, with shadows and warmth, will arrive, starting with an actual sunrise.

The arrival of daylight is like a yearly rebirth, transforming lives and routines. While people do not actually hibernate, of course, residents say they tire easily in the dark winter.

On Friday, at the Royal Kindergarten (one of three preschools here), a dozen or so children who have lived in darkness for the winter were busily painting and cutting out paper suns that are now affixed to the school?s snowy windows.

They are learning a song for a festival that will bring together all the town?s students next week: “The sun is good. The sun is great. The sun is warm. It browns the body. The sun shines every morning on me.”

The day the sun arrives is a public holiday.

选译二

My husband, at 74, is the baby of his bridge group, which includes a woman of 85 and a man of 89. This challenging game demands an excellent memory (for bids, cards played, rules and so on) and an ability to think strategically and read subtle psychological cues. Never having had a head for cards, I continue to be amazed by the mental agility of these septuagenarians and octogenarians.

The brain, like every other part of the body, changes with age, and those changes can impede clear thinking and memory. Yet many older people seem to remain sharp as a tack well into their 80s and beyond.

Although their pace may have slowed, they continue to work, travel, attend plays and concerts, play cards and board games, study foreign languages, design buildings, work with computers, write books, do puzzles, knit or perform other mentally challenging tasks that can befuddle people much younger.

Several studies of normal aging have found that higher levels of educational attainment were associated with slower cognitive and functional decline. But brain stimulation does not have to stop with the diploma. Better-educated people may go on to choose more intellectually demanding occupations and pursue brain-stimulating hobbies, resulting in a form of lifelong learning.

you?re doing the same thing over and over again, without introducing new mental challenges, it won?t be beneficial. Thus, as with muscles, it?s “use it or lose it.” The brain requires continued stresses to maintain or enhance its strength.

Long-term studies in other countries, including Sweden and China, have also found that continued social interactions helped protect against dementia. The more extensive an older person?s social network, the better the brain is likely to work. Especially helpful are productive or mentally stimulating activities pursued with other people, like community gardening, taking classes, volunteering or participating in a play-reading group.

Perhaps the most direct route to a fit mind is through a fit body. Just walking fast for 30 to 60 minutes several times a week can help. Even those who start exercising in their 60s cut their risk of dementia in half.

我丈夫74岁了，他和他父母是桥牌搭档，他母亲已85岁，父亲89岁。（此处译错了，应该是：我丈夫已经74岁了，但在他们桥牌协会却还是小朋友级别的，他们协会还有一个85岁的太太和一个89岁的先生。）桥牌这种极具挑战的活动要求玩家具有极好的记忆力（才能记住所叫的点数，出过的牌和规则等）以及从策略角度思考和明白细微心理暗示的能力。我没有玩桥牌的天赋，所以

我一直对那些七八十岁的老年人头脑的灵活性感到惊奇。

大脑和身体其他部位一样，会随着年龄的增长而改变，这些变化会使人的思维和记忆力下降。但是有些老年人尽管已经上了80岁甚

至更老，却看上去依然头脑灵活。

48 / 92

尽管他们的步子可能慢一些，但他们依然继续工作、旅游、看戏剧、听音乐会、玩扑克、下棋、学外语、设计建筑、写书、猜谜语、

织毛衣或做其它的对脑力有要求的事情，这些事可能让年轻一些的人都会感到迷惑。 几项关于正常衰老的研究发现受过高层次教育的人的认知能力和身体机能下降的要慢一些。

但对大脑的开发并不会因为人们从学校毕业而终止，受过更好教育的人可能更多会选择脑力劳动的职业并形成和智力相关的爱好。

从而形成终生学习的生活方式。新颖的事物对防止大脑衰退十分重要，可以给大脑提供新的刺激。

如果你一直在重复做同一件事情，而不增加一些对智力有要求的事，这是没有益处的。这和我们的肌肉一样，“要么常常用，要么没

得用”。大脑需要不对的刺激才能保持和增强其活力。

其他国家，包括瑞典和中国的长期研究也发现长期持续的社交能够预防老年痴呆。老年人的社交网越广，其大脑就越活跃。

那些老年人和其他人一起参与的活动，如社区园艺、上课学习或参加读书会尤其有益。

保持健康的身体也许是保持大脑健康的最直接有效的方法。每个星期散几次步，每次30到60分钟，对身体很有益。即便那些60岁

以后才开始锻炼的人也能够将得老年痴呆的风险降低一半。

译文是考试时写的请不要见笑啊！

中译英的题目印象不是很深，大概列几个点吧 必译题讲的是生态社会。

1. 生态社会是处理全球气候变暖的一种重要途径。生态社会以??为基础，以??为主要途径，以生态文明为最高目标。（原谅我是在记不住这种废话??）这里生态文明要翻成a conservation culture,具体的参考http://blog.china.com.cn/sp1/wangpingxing/202848145795.shtml。考试的时候写的ecological civilization哭死

2. 生态社会符合科学发展观的要求（Scientific Outlook on Development）。发展生态社会必须处理好人与自然、人与社会、人与人的关系，要实现统筹发展。

3. 发展生态文明??（大概就是对当代的意义）不能损害子孙后代的利益。

选译一

1. 中国政府1978年开始在三北地区建“三北防护林”，这项“绿色长城”面积达??，居世界之首。 2. 中国政府1979.11月设“植树节”。中国政府已经种植??面积的人工林，占到了人工林总面积的1/3为世界人工林之首，从78年的??（面积）到98年的??（面积）。人均面积上升了??。

3. 中国政府采取了一系列措施增加植被和森林面积。

4. 世界粮农组织报告指出，虽然过去几十年世界植被下降了??（面积），但亚洲则是上升了??（面积），其中大部分应该归功于中国

49 / 92

2008年5月二级笔译综合能力完型填空试题

选词填空题

When I was growing up, I was embarrassed to be seen with my father. He was severely crippled and very short, and when we would walk together, his hand on my arm for balance, people would stare. I would inwardly be afraid of squirm at the unwanted attention. If he ever noticed or was bothered, he never let on. It was difficult to coordinate our steps - his halting, mine impatient - and because of that, we didn't say much as we went along. But as we started out, he always said, \set the pace. I will try to adjust to you. \

Our usual walk was to or from the subway, which was how he got to work. He went to work sick, and despite nasty weather. He almost never missed a day, and would make it to the office even if others could not: a matter of pride!

He never talked about himself as an object of pity, nor did he show any envy of the more fortunate or able. What he looked for in others was a \was good enough for him.

Now that I am older, I believe that is a proper standard by which to judge people, even though I still don' t know precisely what a \

He has been gone many years now, but I think of him often. I wonder if he sensed my reluctance to be seen with him during our walks. If he did, I am sorry I never told him how sorry I was, how unworthy I was, how I regretted it. I think of him when I complain about trifles, when I am envious of another's good fortune, when I don't have a \

At such times I put my hand on his arm to regain my balance, and say, \will try to adjust to you.\

【英译汉必译题】

50 / 92

本文来源：https://www.bwwdw.com/article/joq8.html