广东省玩具出口遭遇技术性贸易壁垒的原因及对策分析

摘要

近年来，我国儿童玩具行业迅猛发展，中国已经成为全球最大的儿童玩具制造基地及出口国，已经替代欧洲和日本成为全球儿童玩具制造中心，成为全球主要发达国家和地区儿童玩具的主要供应地，全球约有76%的儿童玩具是由我国制造的。根据中国海关统计数据，我国2017年玩具出口中，广东省玩具出口占比保持第一，达到51.43%。随着欧盟乃至美国市场的准入门槛不断提升，对广东省玩具出口企业的要求越来越高，因此，对广东省玩具企业来说，除要加强对欧盟和美国的玩具产品质量安全技术法规和标准的了解、关注相关通报信息外，还应采取有效应对措施，提升产品质量，规范和完善产品生产质量体系，确保玩具产品出口畅通无阻。近年来受全球市场需求萎缩影响，全球经济呈现出一定程度的衰退，虽然广东省儿童玩具出口依然保持强劲增长态势，但存在的问题也不容乐观，特别是重要的几个出口目标市场不断出台技术性贸易措施，给广东省儿童玩具产品的对外贸易带来巨大的负面影响。因此，研究广东省玩具出口遭受技术贸易壁垒的现状、广东省玩具出口遭受技术贸易壁垒的影响、研究主要出口目标市场的技术性贸易措施并提出针对性的应对策略，可为我国儿童玩具行业的科技创新和供给侧结构转型提供重要理论依据，对于促进我国儿童玩具行业对外贸易具有重要意义。

关键词：玩具出口；技术性贸易壁垒；广东省；措施

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Abstract

In recent years,children’s toy industry has developed rapidly in China. China has become the world's largest manufacturing base and exporter of children’s toys. It has replaced Europe and Japan as the world's children's toy manufacturing center. It has become the main supplier of children's toys in major developed countries and regions. About 76% of children's toys in the world are made in China. According to the statistics of China Customs.The toy exports of Guangdong Province accounted for 51.43% of toy exports in China in 2017. With the increasing entry threshold of the European Union and even the United States market, the requirements for toy export enterprises in Guangdong Province are getting higher and higher. Therefore, for toy enterprises in Guangdong Province, besides strengthening the understanding of the technical regulations and standards of toy product quality and safety in the EU and the United States, and paying attention to relevant information, effective measures should be taken to improve product quality, standardize and improve production. Product production quality system to ensure the smooth exports of toy products. Influenced by the shrinking global market demand in recent years, the global economy has shown a certain degree of recession. Although the exports of children's toys in Guangdong Province has maintained a strong growth trend, the existing problems are not optimistic. Especially, several important export target markets continue to introduce technical trade measures, which have a huge negative impact on the foreign trade of children's toys in Guangdong Province. Therefore, the research on the present situation of toy exportsin Guangdong suffered from technical barriers to trade, the influence of technical barriers to trade on toy exportsin Guangdong, the technical trade measures of main export target markets and the corresponding countermeasures can provide important theoretical basis for the scientific and technological innovation of children's toy industry in China and the transformation of supply-side structure, as well as for the promotion of children's toy industry in China. Foreign trade is of great significance.

Key words:toy export;technical barriers to trade;Guangdong Province;measures

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目录

摘要 (3)

Abstract (4)

前言 (7)

（一）广东省玩具出口受欧盟技术贸易壁垒为主 (8)

（二）广东省出口玩具受技术贸易壁垒涉及的玩具化学风险高 (9)

（三）广东省玩具出口遭技术贸易壁垒的地域歧视性 (12)

二、广东省玩具出口遭受技术贸易壁垒的影响 (13)

（一）长期带来的正面影响 (13)

1.促进广东省玩具出口制造企业积极进行技术创新 (13)

2.有利于完善我国出口玩具相关法律法规和标准体系 (13)

（二）短期带来的负面影响 (14)

1.大幅度增加广东省玩具出口检测及相关成本 (14)

2.引发对广东省玩具产品出口数额减少 (14)

三、广东省玩具出口遭受技术贸易壁垒的原因 (15)

（一）广东省玩具出口遭受技术贸易壁垒的内部原因 (15)

1.广东省玩具出口行业生产标准不健全易遭受技术性贸易壁垒 (15)

2.广东省玩具出口集中于美国和欧盟易遭受技术性贸易壁垒 (16)

3.广东省玩具出口企业质量检测能力弱易遭受技术性贸易壁垒 (17)

4.广东省玩具出口企业以加工贸易为主，技术创新不足 (18)

（二）广东省玩具出口遭受技术贸易壁垒的外部原因 (18)

1.出口国贸易保护主义的实施 (18)

2.欧盟等发达国家对玩具出口标准日益提高 (19)

3.产业调整及就业的压力 (20)

四、广东省玩具出口应对技术贸易壁垒的对策 (20)

（一）企业层面的对策分析 (20)

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1.广东省玩具出口企业创建自主品牌，提高生产技术水平、引进高新技术 (20)

2.广东省玩具出口企业增强环保、质量和安全意识 (21)

3.广东省玩具出口企业扩大目标消费群体 (21)

（二）政府层面的对策分析 (22)

1.政府应积极参加制定国际规则与标准，与国际接轨 (22)

2.完善玩具召回管理制度 (22)

（三）行业协会层面的对策分析 (23)

1.积极建立技术贸易壁垒的预警机制 (23)

2.行业协会促成各部门合作，构建共享机制 (23)

参考文献 (25)

致谢 (26)

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