基于单片机的输液监护器设计

基于单片机的输液监护器的设计

基于单片机的输液监护器的设计

摘 要

针对目前我国大部分医院在对病人进行静脉输液治疗是医护人员监护任务繁重的问题，设计了一套面向所有大中小医院和诊所的医院输液监控系统。本系统以PC为上位机作为整个系统的控制监控中心，用单片机AT89C51为核心作为下位机通过光电传感器对吊瓶的液位进行检测及报警，并对滴速进行精确地检测与控制。上位机与下位机用RS485总线进行串行通信，能够使医护人员实时了解输液状态。论述了该系统的检测原理、总体结构、主要功能部件设计和软硬件系统的组成。该系统低功耗、成本低、性能稳定、便于携带、实用性强。

关键词：输液监控、AT89C51、串行通信

基于单片机的输液监护器的设计

SCM TRANSFUSION MONITOR

ABSTRACT

Aiming at the heavy problem of nurses in most of our hospitals when carry on transfusion to the patients currently and then designed a set of system which is called fluid infusion supervision system .It is faced to all the hospitals and clinic. This system take the PC as it’s master machine. The PC is the controler of the whole system. Take the single chip AT89C51 as a core of the next machine which will test and display the level of the liquid bottle. It can examine and control the speed of lose a liquid accurately. PC communicate with single chip by the total line of RS485.It can make the nurses know the status of loses liquid while patients take the personnel solid. Discussed the constituting of examination principle, total structure and main function parts design and the constitution of software and hardware system. The system is low achievement consumes, low cost and stable function and easy to take, the function is strong.

KEYWORDS Supervision of transfusion;AT89C51; signal communication

基于单片机的输液监护器的设计

目 录

1 输液监护器的总体设计??????????????????????? 1

1.1 系统的构成??????????????????????????? 1

1.2 系统框图及工作原理 ????????????????????? 1

2 输液监护器的设计方案及论证 ?????????????????? 3

2.1 电动机系统方案的选择???????????????????? 3 2.2 数据采集方案的选择 ???????????????????? 3 2.3 键盘方案的选择 ??????????????????????? 4 2.4 点滴速度计算方案选择 ??????????????????? 4 2.5 传输方式的选择 ??????????????????????? 4

3 输液监护器的硬件设计 ???????????????????? 5

3.1 单片机的选用 ???????????????????????? 6

3.1.1 现有主流单片机的概述 ????????????????? 6 3.1.2 单片机的选用 ?????????????????????? 6 3.1.3 单片机I/O口管脚分配 ????????????????? 10

3.2 执行机构 ??????????????????????????? 10

3.2.1 步进电动机概述 ????????????????????? 10 3.2.2 步进电机控制原理 ???????????????????? 11

3.3 数据采集模块及工作原理 ????????????????? 12

3.3.1 红外发光二极管和光敏三极管 ????????????? 14 3.3.2 红外发光二极管主要参数 ???????????????? 14

基于单片机的输液监护器的设计 3.3.3 光敏三极管的主要参数 ????????????????? 14 3.4 电源模块 ??????????????????????????? 15 3.5 声报警模块?????????????????????????? 15 3.6 复位电路 ??????????????????????????? 16 3.7 显示模块 ??????????????????????????? 16

3.7.1 LED显示器的结构 ??????????????????? 16 3.7.2 LED显示器的显示方法 ???????????????? 18 3.7.3 7段译码器CD4511 ??????????????????? 18 3.7.4 显示模块电路设计 ??????????????????? 20

3.8 键控模块 ??????????????????????????? 21 3.9 通信模块 ??????????????????????????? 22

3.9.1 nRF905芯片结构、引脚介绍及工作模式????????? 22 3.9.2通信协议??????????????????????????? 27

4 输液监护器的软件设计 ?????????????????????? 28 4.1检测程序 ???????????????????????????? 28

4.2 电机控制子程序 ???????????????????????? 31 4.3 显示子程序 ??????????????????????????? 33 4.4 键盘程序 ???????????????????????????? 34

5 试验及结果分析 ?????????????????????????? 38

5.1 试验过程 ???????????????????????????? 38 5.2 测试结果分析 ? ???????????????????????? 39

6 输液监护器的抗干扰措施 ???????????????????? 40

6.1 单片机抗干扰的概述 ?????????????????????40 6.2 输液监护器的抗干扰措施 ????????????????? 40

基于单片机的输液监护器的设计

7 结论 ?????????????????????????????????41 8致谢 ????????????????????????????????? 42

9参考文献 ?????????????????????????????? 43

附录 ?????????????????????????????????? 44

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