听力入门step - by - step - 2000第二册答案

A. 1. What kind of student comes to Oxford? The answer to this is, there is \qualities they look for are commitment, enthusiasm and motivation for your chosen area of study backed by a strong academic record.

2. The University of Cambridge is one of the oldest universities in the world, and one of the largest in the United Kingdom. It has a worldwide reputation for outstanding academic achievement and the high quality of research undertaken in a wide range of science and arts subjects.

3. The University of Sydney was the first to be established in Australia and, after almost 150 years of proud achievement, still leads in innovation and quality. The University excels in sport and social activities, debating, drama, music and much more.

4. Known for excellence in teaching, research, and service to the community, the university of Victoria serves approximately 17,000 students. It is favored by its location on Canada's spectacular west coast, in the capital of British Columbia.

5. New Zealand's largest university, the University of Auckland, was established in 1833, and has grown into an international center of learning and academic excellence. The University is situated in the heart of the cosmopolitan city of Auckland and provides an exciting and stimulating environment for 26,000 students.

6. Founded in 1636 Harvard has a 380-acre urban campus with easy access to Boston. It has a total enrollment of about 18,500 students. This university comprises many different schools such as the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, School of business Administration and School of Education. 7. Columbia University is an independent coeducational university, which awards master' s, doctoral, professional, and other advanced degrees, with an enrollment of about 20,000 grade-ate and professional students.

8. Boston University is located along the banks of the Charles River. With more than 30,000 students from all over the United States and 135 countries, it is the third largest inde-pendent university in the United States.

B American universities have been offering classes online through computers for a number of years. Now, some newly created colleges are offering academic degrees online. One university offers both bachelor’s degrees and master’s degrees. Officials say they try to provide students with a social experience as well as an educational one. For example, in some programs, groups of the same six students progress through all their classes together. They communicate by computer. Another online school uses a problem-solving method of teaching. Students attempt to solve real problems in their classes online instead of reading information.

Students who have taken online classes say they like them because they do not have to travel to a

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building at a set time to listen to a professor. Professors say they have better communica-tion with students through eimail notes than they do in many tra-ditional classes.

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B.

Primary school entering age 5 6 Secondary school entering age 11 junior high: 11 senior high:14 intermediate school: Britain The United States Permissible age to leave school 16 16 Australia Canada 5 6 11 high school: 12/13 about 13 16 16 C. 1. GCSE examinations 2. Students/ higher education

3. Student/ second year/high school/college 4. General exam/ School Certificate 5. Sitting University Entrance Examination

6. Bachelor' s degree: 3/4 years Master' s degree: another year or two Doctorate: a further 3_- 7 years

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A. 1. Education has acquired a kind of snob value in modern times.

2. Nowadays if we want to get a decent job, we have to have a piece of paper.

3. If we want to get promotion in even a humblest job, we have to obtain a certificate or a diploma first.

4. Experience and practical skills are regarded as relatively unimportant.

5. \6. \

7. Would it not be better to allow people to become expert in a way most suited to them rather than oblige them to follow a set course of instruction, which may offer no opportunity for them to develop skills in which they would've become expert if left to themselves?

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B. Major viewpoints Supporting ideas and facts Statement Numbers: 1,4,7 Statement Numbers: 2,3,4,6

1-4 thinking ahead of the speaker - Anticipation Helps

Listening is an extremely complex communicative activity. In his book Principles and

Implications of cognitive Psychology, Nasser defines listening as a \ extended activity\in which the listener \continuously develops more or less specific readiness for what will come next.\constantly setting up hypothesis in his mind, and also, he is constantly testing his hypothesis by matching it with what he has heard in reality. If he hears what he has expected, he receives the information. But if what he hears is totally out of his expectation, he fails to get the message. The skill to anticipate what is coming in listening comprehension depends largely on the listener's familiarity with the theme of the message. It also depends on the listener's knowledge of the speaker as well as the setting. Obviously, when we listen to something that we already have some information about, it is generally a lot easier for us to take in the new information. Therefore, pre-listening

preparation seems to have a big role to play in enhancing listening comprehension. Before actual listening, we could perhaps first give some thought to the topic, discuss it with others, read some related materials and does some vocabulary work. If we could make ourselves fully orientated for the forthcoming talks or lectures, we are moa likely to become effective listeners. Of course, readiness beforehand is not at all enough. Active thinking must take place all the way through. In fact, we should always try to think ahead of the speaker. The ability to anticipate helps us in logical and intelligent guesswork. It does not only enable us a to know generally what a person is going to talk about in a certain situation, but also, interestingly enough, sometimes even exactly what a person' s next utterance is going to be in a discussion?

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A. 1. There are more than 2,700 languages in the world. In addition, there are more than 7,000 dialects. A dialect is a regional variety of a language that has a different pronunciation, vocabulary, or meaning.

2. The language in which a government conducts business is the official language of that country.

3. One billion people speak English. That's 20 percent of the world's population.

4. Four hundred million people speak English as their first language. For the other 600 million it's either a second language or a foreign language.

5. There are more than 500,000 words in the Oxford dictionary. Eighty percent of all English vocabulary comes from other languages.

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6. Eighty percent of all information in the world's computers is in English.

7. Somalia is the only African country in which the entire population speaks the same language, Somali.

8. More than 1,000 different languages are spoken on the continent of Africa.

9. When the American spaceship Voyage began its journey in 1977, it carried a gold disc. On the disc, there were messages in 55 languages. Before all of them, there was a message from the Secretary General of the United Nations in English.

B. 1. learning styles: different ways of learning that different people have 2. hearing learners: people who learn best by listening

3. visual learners: people who learn best by reading or looking at pictures 4. tactile learners: people who learn best by touching and doing things C. 1- a 2 c 3 d 4 b

2-2 B

● Not afraid to make ● Passive ◇ not speaking up much◇ rarely asking the teacher why this and why not something else◇ relying entirely on mistakes ◇ interested in the mistakes he makes and having them corrected ● Eager to experiment with the teacher◇ just accepting what the teacher gives him and doing nothing more with it● Unwilling to every new thing ◇ trying to use something new◇ playing with the stick his neck out ◇ afraid to make mistakes● Invariably deciding the other person is more likely language ◇ testing himself● Doing more of his own bat● Working to be right than himself ◇ not too sure abut the test outside the classroom◇ reading books

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A. Things that make English difficult to learn

Hodgepodge Idioms in informal English Largest vocabulary

Germanic French Greek & Latin Anglo-Saxon French

Irregularity in

spelling & Pronunciation

B. (F) 1. The English language is a mixture of different languages; This feature has nothing good but only to make it more difficult to learn.

(T) 2. According to the speaker, some words from the French have more prestige than those from the Old English al- though they mean the same thing.

(F) 3. Canadian English is close to American English in some words and idioms. But the spelling and pronunciation reflect British usage.

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A. 1. Position: cook Qualifications: good and dependable experience work on weekends way of contact: call 2359739

2. Position: English and math teachers

Qualifications: a bachelor degree teaching certificate

Way of contact: resume to Wales Charter School, 19 Snow Road and NYC 3. Position: Marketing Communication supervisor

Qualifications: a bachelor degree in Business Administration good PC and presentation skills Way of contact: resume to MTP, P.O. Box 354, Syracuse, NY 16493 4. Position: Area Sales Manager

Offers to employees: professional careers and extensive training Qualifications: professional carres and extensive training

Qualifications: dynamic, hardworking and initiated quick learner

interested in working in a challenging environment mobile and able to travel extensively way of contact: detailed resume with expected salary and recent photo to Martin Apparel, 385 Rockledge Street, Syracuse. NY 15835

5. Position: Buyer Offers to employees: competitive salary and benefits package excellent career development opportunities

Qualifications: A bachelor degree in business or engineering 2-3 Years relevant working experience good command of English good communication and interpersonal skills

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ability to work in teams

Way of contact: resume with recent photo, contact phone number and a copy of diploma to 943 West Avenue, Syracuse, NY 18640 6. Position: Accountant

Qualifications: a university degree in accounting or auditing strong computer skills a minimum of 3 years experience with trading companies Way of contact: resume with education certificate, ID card copy and photo to 404, South 7th Street, NYC

B. Looking for a career change? A decade ago, who would have guessed that web designer would be one of the hottest jobs of 2000? Do you have any idea what will be the other six hottest jobs in the 21st century? Here are some suggestions: 1. Tissue engineers

With man-made skin already on the market, 25 years from now scientists expect to be culturing growing organs in test tubes. Or trying, anyway. 2. Genetic programmers

After scanning your DNA for defects, doctors will use gene therapy and mart molecules to cure diseases, including certain cancers. 3. Pharmers / Pharmacologic farmers

New-age farms will raise crops and livestock that have been genetically engineered to produce therapeutic proteins. Works in progress include a vaccine-carrying tomato and drug-laden milk from cows, sheep and goats.

4. Genetically-modified food monitors

Not sure what for dinner? With a little genetic fiddling, fast-growing fish and freeze-resistant fruits will help feed an overpopulated planet 5. Hot-line handymen

Still daunted by the though of reprogramming your video cassette recorder (VCR), let alone your digital versatile disc (DVD)? Just wait until your 3-D holographic TV won power up or your talking toaster starts giving abuse. Remote diagnostics will take care of most of your home electronics, but a few repair-men will still make house calls via video phone. 6. Narrow casters

Today broadcasting industry will become increasingly personalized. Working together, media and advertisers will create content just for you. Ambient commercials will also hijack your attention by using tastes and smells.

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B. 1. All of the managers and painters who work for Student Painters are ____. a. professional painters b. full-time college students c. local high school students.

2. Mark Laratonda is ______.a. a manager for Student Painters b. the owner of Student Painters c. a customer of Student Painters 3. People who work for Student Painters are _____.

a. earning college credit b. earning money for college tuition and expenses c. working for their parents 4. The goal of Student Painters is to _____. a. give students a chance to experience the real business world

b. teach students how to paint. c. provide travel opportunities for students C. 1. (F) 2. (T) 3. (F) 4. (F)5. (F) 6. (T) 7. (F) D. Mark Laratonda's responsibilities at Student painters

1. Hiring painters 2. Doing advertising3. Providing equipment4. Taking care of payroll 5. Writing contract6. doing final inspection with customer

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B.

affect / future course of life / determine/ friends/ husband 1 or wife/ where you live/ recreational activities/ other aspects 2 weak points/ strong ones/ what kind/ you want to be 3 what/ other people/ important and challenging/ talk to people/ watch/ at work satisfaction/ not just start/ years to come/ 4 importance of education/ promotion/ preference/ educated persons experience/ benefit/ help/ think about/ stimulate/ 5 really want to do/ offer suggestions/ take advantage of/qualities and qualifications 6 read about/ study/ over and over again - 7 -

3-4 You Just Can' t Remember So Much!- Learn to Select, Learn to Simplify At a certain stage of English listening, some students may report a kind of unpleasant or even frustrating experience. They say that while listening, they seem to understand everything that they hear, but as soon as the voice stops, all is gone! They say that they just can't remember what they heard, not to mention writing down or speaking out. What causes this problem? Is it also your complaint? Let us try to discuss the matter from two perspectives.

First, knowing some difference between comprehension and production is important. When we learn a new language, we usually pass through at least three communication stages, namely, the one-way stage, the partial two-way stage and the full two-way stage. Obviously, there's the gap in between. Just as Brown and Terrell point out in their books on language learning and language teaching, \The in-ability to produce an item should not be taken to mean that the learner cannot comprehend it.\we have achieved the first goal. That's quite encouraging! Secondly, of course, we'll have to move on. And we must be aware of some possible traps on our way to effective listening. When we listen, are we paying equal attention to every element in each utterance? Are we attempting to memorize and repeat and write down all the details in a passage? If so, we need to think for a while. Human memory can retain only a limited amount of information at a time. Therefore, only by learning to select and simplify can we possibly absorb what is really important and then remember what is the most essential. In fact, when we listen, we usually listen with a purpose. Although it is sometimes necessary to get detailed and specific information on the subject, it is, more often than not, quite enough for us to grasp the key words and the main points. Furthermore, in the course of listening, if we are capable of automatically turning the complicated sentences structures into simple ones, interrogative into affirmative, or passive into active, our brain will certainly do a much smarter job in helping our memory.

4-1 No one sets out in life to fail. The reality is that many do. Why do some prosper while others struggle just to exist? There is no simple answer to that question but here are a few thoughts that might shed some light onto this very complex issue. 1. The future is in your imagination

Humans are blessed with the ability to think into the future. We can use our imagination to see possibilities. Use this unique gift in a positive way. Build a vision of what you want to be, have or do. It is the starting point of all successful activities.

2. To win, you must expect to win。

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once we imagine our future, we must wrap that vision with a belief system that encourages us to fulfill the vision. 3. We are surrounded by opportunity

As we move through time, opportunities are abound. All we have to do is

recognize them and reach out to grab them. Cap- Turing opportunity demands risk. Are you a risk taker?

4. Like what you do or do something else

Low achievers usually don't like to work or don' t like the work they are doing. Those who don't want to work will never prosper. For those who work, it is critically important that their work be a joyful experience. Match your skills to your job requirements. The closer the match, the more enjoyable the experience. 5. Your success depends on other people

No man is an island. We must interact with and receive the support of others. Build a network of friends. Get to know people of achievement. Listen to their words, watch their actions and apply what works for you. 6. Everyone can succeed

We are all born with enough abilities to experience success. Our task is to discover and develop those abilities. Nothing comes easily. Success demands hard work. Are you willing to work that hard?4-2

A.

mum Speaker 1 excellently bringing up 3 children ● overcoming physical difficulty of arthritis not allowing the difficulty to

hold her back Working her way up to be a headmistress ● getting an enormous amount of energy● a very good self-publicist Speaker 2 someone with physical disabilities mable Davies, a deaf lady Kenneth Branagh, an actor Speaker 3 Speaker 4 B. 1. (F) 2. (T) 3. (F) 4. (F)

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A. Gordon Parks is an artist who has many skills such as taking photos, writing books, composing music and directing movies. However, he is best known for his work with a camera. He saw the camera as a mean of expression and communication.

Gordon Parks was born into a poor family in 1912. After his mother died when he was only 16, he worked several low-paying jobs to support himself. He because interested in photography at the

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age of 25. He thought photography could express how difficult it was to be poor. B.

When in 1941 in 1948 in 1950 Relevant information taking pictures of the poor living conditions in Chicago Working as a photographer for Life magazine moving to Paris as a European photographer for Life traveling to the southern U.S. to photograph racial injustice working on a project about the rich and poor in Brazil one of the most influential photographers of his time finishing a book about growing up in Kansas still writing poetry, composing music and making in 1956 in 1961 by the 1960s in 1963 at the age of 85 photographs 5-1

Extremely Very Sort of Not very Not at all Aggressive Selfish √ √ Kind √ Patient √ Jealous √

Ambitious Helpful George √ Karen √ Pam - 10 -

Honest Proud Selfish Unreliable √ √ √ √ C.

Interviewee 1 Interviewee 2 Name: Mr. Fisher Job: Name: Miss Burnes Job: accountant Views on the school teacher Views on the issue:● supporting details: issue:● supporting details: means to an end/ family man/ enjoy whatever do (even if enough money/ happysalary low)/ work most ● conclusion: work to live important/ mental satisfaction/ role in society● conclusion: Live to work 5-2

Experiment Report Project: the development of self-esteem Subjects: Subjects: young boys Procedure:

1. testing (what?): Measure the boys’ abilities and how they felt about their own abilities

2. dividing (how?): three groups those with high self- esteem/ middle self-esteem/ low self-esteem 3. follow-up study (where and when?): In all situations at home/ at work/ in school/ with friends Observations: the behavior of the boys

1. boys with high self-esteem: active/ able to express ideas/ successful in school and in relations with other people/ creative/ led in discussions/ interested in world problems/ seldom tired or sick 2. boys with middle self-esteem: like the boys with high self- esteem/ express ideas freely/ saw the world as a good and happy place/ not sure of their own value

3. boys with low self-esteem: sad most time/ afraid to start activities/ felt no love/ couldn’t express ideas/ afraid of anger/ no talk in discussion Findings:

1. Three groups of boys act differently.

2. High self-esteem does not depend on physical appearance/ money/ size of family/ how much the mother at home but it depends on close relationship between the boys and the parents.

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A.

Figures 81% 78% 87% 100% Relevant information the percentage of cooking done by working women the percentage of cleaning done by working women the percentage of purchasing done by working women The percentage of housework done by single mothers B. 1. The employees & the company

2. a. working part-time b. two workers sharing one job

c. setting the hours and days they work d. working from home by using computers

3. a. making the best use of personal and family time b. building trusting relationships at work c. asking supervisors and family members for help d. learning to make compromises in their lives.

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A.

Advice drinking tea no smoking walking no extremely large amounts of some vitamins protecting health reducing risk of developing lung cancer good effect on heart large amounts of some vitamins may cause health problems good for health ● releasing chemical that is laughter life-enhancing and life-elongating● healing wounds● promoting a healthier being Why Getting vitamins form fresh,natural food B.

Men Women - 12 -

Reaction to a heart attack Brain’s use of the chemical serotonin Alcohol’s effects Abdomen pain; stomach sickness; feeling chest pain very tired; may not recognize they are having a heart attack using serotonin much more effectively lower alcohol levels in the blood Using serotonin less effectively, suffering depression two or three times more often Higher alcohol levels in the blood breaking down alcohol more slowly 6-2

B. The findings of a recent study:

Only 67% of Americans questioned wash their hands after using public restrooms.

American men are less likely than women to wash their hands after using a public restroom. The importance of hand washing: Reducing the spread of infectious diseases

Common infections spread by hand: Colds, influenza, throat and ear infections, food poisoning, cholera, hepatitis Measures taken to get more people to wash hands:

Launching a public information campaign The correct method of hand washing: Washing with soap and hot water for at least 15 seconds

6-3

A When most people are sad, they know the feeling is only temporary. But there are large numbers of people who stay sad for a long time. These people suffer from the common mental sickness known as depression.

Depression can affect anyone. Researchers say one out of ten persons in the world has the chance of developing a major depression at some time.

About 80 percent of the depressed patients can be helped with one of several drugs that have all been found effective in treating depression. Doctors say, however, the drugs must be used very carefully.

Depression also can be treated without drugs. Some doctors say that moderate activity four or five times a week can help treat minor depression. For example, running or walking rapidly for 30 minutes four times a week can improve mental as well as physical health. The traditional treatment for depression known as psycho-therapy calls for depressed people to spend an hour or more each week talking about their condition with doctors trained to treat mental problems. Discussion is supposed to help depressed people discover new ways of thinking and dealing with problems.

Public education is needed to help people better understand depression.

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B1

What kind of person How to deal with anger Speaker 1 rarely get angry Speaker 2 Joyous, warm, loving person ● not suppress anger● use excuse to vent anger ● manifest anger in a on somebody● dump anger sarcastic way B2

I. In Japan II. How to deal wit anger factory workers punching punch bags with pictures of their boss Removing oneself from the situation and just laughing at it

1. to come hat in hand: to beg

2. a handout: something you ask for/ not your own/ act of charity 3. high-handed: making you beg for something/ rightfully yours

4. to give with a glad and willing hand: not let the left hand know what the right hand is doing/ give freely without thinking about it too much 5. hand over fist: quickly

its origin: the sea/ climbed ropes/ raised sails/ one hand on top of the other/ instead of/hand by hand/ hand over hand

6. hand in glove/ hand and glove (300 years ago): close/ closely

7. the handwriting on the wall: our time is about up/ a warning its origin: a mysterious hand/ four strange words/ wall/ palace room/ face disaster/ came true/ King Belshazzar/ defeated and killed in battle

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A. 1-d 2-a 3-g 4-b 5-f 6-e 7-c

B. IOC stands for International Olympic Committee, which governs the Olympics in general. It was founded in Paris on 23 June 1894. Its headquarters are in the Swiss city of Lausanne. Its official languages are English and French. IOC members come from five different continents Africa, America, Asia, Europe and Oceania. They choose Olympic cities six years in advance. All the Olympic movement rules are contained in a book called The Olympic Charter.

There an Olympic Museum and Studies Center in Lua- sane. It contains posters, documents, medls, books, photos, paintings, films and sculptures.

The International Olympic Academy is a special center at Olympia in Greece. People involved in sport go there every summer to study the Olympic movement history, ideals and future. C. Q1 First held/ Olympia/ Greece Q2 Apporx.2 weeks

Q3 1924/ since then/ same years/ Summer/ after 1992/ between Q4 Five continents/ blue, black, red, yellow, green, white/ national flag.

Q5 Flame/ ancient Games/ modern Games/ 1928/ symbol/ perfection & victory/ Olympia Q6 Yes/ no money/ only medals

Q7 Display/ host country/ flame lit/ flag raised/ Olympic oaths/ opened by monarch or political leader

Q8 Faster, higher, stronger

7-2

A.

5 million 15,000 3,000 million 10.000 200 about 300 number of people expected to attend the Summer Games in Sydney number of reporters expected in the Games number of people expected to watch the Games on TV number of athletes competing in the Games number of countries taking part in the Games number of events in the Games date when the Summer Games end duration of the Summer Games October lst 16 days - 15 -

October 18th29th 4,000 duration of the Paralympic Games number of athletes competing in the Paralympic Games B. 1. (T) 2. (F) 3. (T) 4. (F) 5. (T)

1. The Clark family is the first American family of which three members will compete in one Olympic race.

2. hazel Clark is the faster in the Clark family of runners. She has already won medals in earlier Olympic events.

3. Marla Runyan will be the first legally blind athlete in the Summer Olympic Games.

4. Marla Runyan will take part in the women' s long jump and 1,500 meter foot race at the Sydney Olympic Games.

5. Many disabled people are greatly encouraged by Marla reunion' s story.

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A. Fighting against Drug Use Punishment for those using drugs: Before an event banned from the competition After winning an event losing the medal

Measurements taken by IOC to intensify the campaign:

Testing more Olympic athletes more often than ever Difficulty in finding the drugs: Drugs leaving the body in just a few hours

Increased urine production hiding the presence of banned drugs Examples or some banned drugs:

Anabolic steroids EPO (Erythropoietin) increasing muscle strength increasing the production of red blood cell ● building muscle size and strengthHuman growth hormone and others ● increasing the production of red blood cells Possible dangers caused by banned drugs:? thickening the blood? causing an enlarged heart? damaging the reproductive system? causing death B.

Environmental goals achieved Building structures with materials that can be treated and used again Saving energy by increasing the use of solar power - 16 -

Using rainwater Usingbuses and modern train instead of cars Removing waste products 24 hours a day Reusing the waste material First environmentally friendly Games 8-1

Way of measurement by the number of people who pay to watch it played by professional teams By the number of people who watch games on television or listen on radio By the number of people who play the sport American football baseball Sport soccer B. 1.d 2.h 3.a 4.e 5.i 6.c 7.g 8.b 9.j 10.f

8-2

A. Section 1

1. a. in daily life: nice/ friendly/ warm/ affectionate b. after a football match: drunk/ a aggressive/ scream/ shout/ push people around/ smash glasses/ monsters

2. He finds it difficult to understand why normal, nice people behave so badly at football matches. Section 2 3. enjoy themselves/ no aggression or violence

Section 3 4. rugby/ tennis 5. They sit there silently throughout.

B. I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield. Even if one didn't know from concrete examples (the 1936 Olympic Games, for instance) that international sporting contests led to orgies of hatred, one could deduce it from general principles. Nearly all the sports practiced nowadays are competitive. You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win. On the village green, where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved, it is possible to play simply for the fun and exercise: but as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel you

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and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are aroused. Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this. At the international level, sport is frankly mimic warfare. But the significant thing is not the behavior of the players but attitudes of the spectators: and, behind the spectators, of the nations who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests, and seriously believe at any rate for short periods that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.

8-3

A. Outline

Ⅰ. The speaker’s self-introduction

A. occupation: a secondary school teacher

B. involvement in extracurricular activities 1.primarily in the sports field

2. supporting many of the other areas

Ⅱ. Extracurricular activities offered in the school A. sporting activities 1. an inter-school activity 2. an intramural activity B. the music program 1. two parts a. band b. chorus/ choir

2. advantage: good for the students' personal development 3. specialty groups a. jazz band b. jazz singers

C. other extracurricular activities

1. a math club2. a science club3. an annual club4. a newspaper club5. an outdoors club6. a chess club

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7. a cooking club

Ⅲ. The reasons why these extracurricular activities are offered A. helping students fill their time in a positive way

B. helping students build skills which may be used for their future vocation C. providing fun and enjoyment

1. for teachers: in sponsoring the activates

2. for students: IN participating the activities B. 1. (F) 2. (F) 3. (T) 4. (F) 5. (T)

Extracurricular activities are a very important and enjoyable part of all of our school day. Statements: 1. There are about 100,000 residents in the town of Coney. 2. The speaker only teacher the senior secondary school students.

3. Only the excellent athletes of the school can take part in the inter-school activates. 4. All students have to be involved in the music program offered in the school. 5. Only 30 percent of the students can go to school on foot.

8-4

Represent the ideas Clear and Clean - Outlining

Outlining is a method of classifying and organizing ideas. It is a skill very useful to language learners when they are taking lecture notes, reading, or writing a paper.

In listening, the skill of outlining reflects, to a certain extent, the listener's ability in understanding how the facts or ideas, or the scattered pieces of information are related to one another.

People generally use a system of roman numerals, Arabic numbers, and letters to show relationships. There is a kind of standard form for using these symbols to show which ideas are most important. They symbols used, in order of decreasing importance, are roman numerals (Ⅰ.Ⅱ.Ⅲ....),capital letters (A.B.C....), Arabic numbers (1.2.3....), small letters (a.b.c....),and numbers in parentheses [(1) (2) (3)...].

The placement of the topics on paper is also important. The most important items are entered farther to the left. Lesser items are entered farther and farther to the right. Headings of equal importance are indented the same distance from the left margin. The purpose of this indentation is to make each idea easy to see and also to show just how it is related to the ideas before and after it.

No Punctuation is needed at the end of an idea unless it is written as a complete sentence.

Outlining, as a fairly comprehensive and effective method in language learning, certainly deserves our

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attention and practice, particularly for advanced listeners. The blanks form of an outline looks like this:

9-1

1. Buy fresh food that doesn’t need a lot of packaging.

2. Try to buy \3. save as much water as possible.

4. Use products that won't stay forever in the earth or sea when you throw them away. 5. Use bottles more than once or take them to a bottle bank.

6. Try to save paper. Also, buy and use recycled paper as often as possible.7. Avoid \products.8. Make sure that your family and friends use Unleaded petrol in their cars. 9. don' t buy products (fur or ivory, for example) made from rare or protected species. 10. Use public transportation as often as possible.

11. If you're buying wood, don't choose hardwood from tropical rainforests. 12. Look for aerosols which haven't got any CFCs in them.

13. Don't buy hamburgers or pizzas in plastic boxes which contain CFCs.

14. Use batteries as little as possible. It takes 50 times more energy to make them than they produce.15. Don' t leave on electric lights, TV, hi-fi, etc, if you' re not suing them.

16. Find out more about conservation issues in your area. Are there any woods or fields in danger, for example? 17. Try to throw away at least 25% less rubbish.

18. help old people in your area to insulate their homes. This saves energy and helps to keep them warm in winter.19. Visit any local nature reserves or zoos and talk to the people who run them.

9-2

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A. 1. Time is not neutral. We are so rapidly depleting the atmosphere, we are so rapidly changing the climate, the unless we start now the situation may well become irreversible.

2. Unless the environmental movement comes into everybody' s life, in real simple activities, it' s not going to work. Planting a tree is real simple. So I want to participate in something that is really accessible to the citizen, just to everyday people to children. So that as citizens we can do a lot. 3. It' s one step in a combination of things. The other kinds of things that we can all be doing are being much more conscious about how we use energy in our home, whether we' re buying ah fuel efficient cars and products, whether we' re using Styrofoam when we don' t have to be, - ah- whether we' re turning off light bulbs when we ah- leave the room um- and just a variety of personal actions like recycling, we need to start thinking about and doing more. B. 1. Planting single tree

2. Deflate Greenhouse Effect/ take CO2.

1. real simple activities/ accessible to people/ citizen/ do a lot 4. Clean up CO2/ improve environment/ neighborhoods attract-tive 5 A variety of personal actions

9-3

A. Steps to Improving Recycling

Ⅰ. Raising public awareness A. Explaining the kinds of materials that can be recycled B. Providing ways on how to properly dispose of the materials

C. educating the public on how to properly sort reusable materials from those that can' t be recycled very easily D. giving the public information they can grasp

Ⅱ. Making technological progress Example: the development of a new manufacturing process helping remove ink from paper in more energy efficient and environmentally safe methods.

Ⅲ. Increasing demand for recycled materials B. 1. Sometimes we become complacent when it comes to recycling, but when you speak in terms of actual facts and figures that everyone can understand, people become more cognizant of the problem.2. According to the talk, paper materials that are difficult to recycle include waxed paper, carbon paper and food wrappers.3. In some cases, recycling, could be hazardous to the environment if special precautions are not taken because chemical waste is sometimes produced as a result.

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10—1 A. 1. EU The European Union, is the result of a process of co-operation and integration which began in 1951 between six countries. Today it has fifteen member states and its mission is to organize relations between the member states and between their peoples in a coherent manner and on the basis of solidarity.

2. FAO Food and Agricultural Organization, was established in 1945 as an autonomous organization related to the United Nations. Its headquarters is in Rome.

3. IMF International Monetary Fund, is an autonomous body affiliated with the United Nations. Its headquarters is in Washington, D.C.

4. OECD The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, also known as a rich man ' s club, was formed in 1961 with its secretariat in Paris. It groups 29 member countries in an organization to discuss and develop economic and social policy.

5. WHO The World health Organization, is a specialized agency of the United Nations. WHO was formed in 1948, with its headquarters in Geneva.

6. WTO The World Trade Organization, was formed on January 1st, 1995 as successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). It is the only global international organization dealing with the rules or trade between nations, with its secretariat in Geneva.

B. 1. APEC The Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation, established in 1989, has since become the primary regional vehicle for promoting open trade and practical economic cooperation among Asia-Pacific economies. Its secretariat is located in Singapore.

2. ASENA- The Association of southeast Asian Nations, was formed in 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Sin- galore and Thailand to promote political and economic coop-oration among the member countries. Now it encompasses all ten countries of Southeast Asia by admitting Cambodia, bru-nei Darussalam, Vietnam, Laos and Myanmar.

3. NATO The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, was created by a treaty signed in 1949 among Belgium, Canada, Den- mark, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Nor- way, Portugal, the United Kingdom and the United States. Greece, Turkey and Germany later joined the organization. 4. NASA The National Aeronautics and Space Administration, is a government agency in the U.s. 5. OPEC The Organization of Petroleum Exporting countries, was created in 1960. Among its members are Algeria, Ecuador, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, and Saudi Arabia. 6. UNESCO The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, is an agent of the UN with its head- quarters in Paris.

7. UNICEF The United Nations International Children' s Emergency Fund, an integral part of the United Nations system, was created at the end of World War Ⅱ to relieve the suffering of children in war torn Europe. For more than 53 years UNICEF has been helping governments, communities and

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families make the world a better place for children, Its headquarters is in New York. C. 1. Arab leaders have ended an emergency summit in Cairo.

2. Chinless Prime Minister Zhu Rongji has arrived in the Middle Western City of Chicago, Illinois. It is the fourth stop on his 9-day visit to the United States.

3. FINLAND Citizens have elected their country's first woman President of the Social Democratic party.4. Israeli Prime Minister HUD Bark and Palestinian leader Gasser Arafat have met for the first time in two months.

5. AT THE UNITED NATIONS Portugal and Indonesia have reestablished diplomatic relations. 6. South Korean President Kim Dee Jung has been named the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize. 7. Tens of thousands of people in France have held demonstrations against growing unemployment 8. Two French newsmen held hostage for two and one half months are flying home to France. 9. Two hundred more families separated by the Korean War have been reunited.

10-2

A. 1. The news items are about the talks between Palestinian leader and Egyptian President on Middle East peace efforts and Mr. Arafat's view on the opening of the U. S. embassy in east Jerusalem.2. a. WHEN? On Tuesday. b. WHAT? It sealed off a West Bank village near Nabulus.

B 1. The news items are about the building of a railroad and a road that link Pyongyang and Seoul. 2. a. WHEN? On Monday. b. WHAT. A special road that will connect Northeast Asia to Europe through china and Russia. c. WHAT: They will remove underground bombs/ clear land mines at the border. d. WHEN? In one year.

d. When will the project be finished? C. 1. The two news items are about the talks among the Presidents of South Africa, Nigeria and Zimbabwe on the political and economic probabwe. 2. a. WHAT? The land reform program.

b. HOW MANY? Most of the 4,500 farms/ several thousand farms.

c. WHY? Because the government wants to give them to the blacks who have no land.

10-3

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A. The political situation in Israel

Former Prime Minister: Mr. Benjamin Netaanyaahu Mr. Barak winning a victory over Netanyahu in 1999

Ariel Sharon' s visit to a holy place in Jerusalem, resulting in violence in the West Bank and Gaza Mr. Barak losing support for his failure a. to end the violence in the West Bank and Gaza, and b. to reach a final peace agreement with the Palestinians Mr. Barak' s announcement

To call early elections in April or May Possible candidates for Prime Minister:

a. Ehud Barak: leader of the Labor Partyb. A riel Sharon: leader of the Likud Party c. Benjamin Netanyahu: a Likud Party member B. 1. About 300 people 2. in 1967

3. Palestinian rule/ over 90%/ the West Bank and Gaza/ rejected 4. Show Israeli control/ Holy City

5. A permanent agreement/ independent Palestine/ east Jerusalem/ capital

10-4

The \

Broadcasting news in English has some particular characteristics, such as its style, its structure, the choice of words, and the logical order of presentation, etc.

The standardized narrative procedure in news reporting is often called the \to say, the most important information is usually included in the news lead. And a news lead, in a sense, is also a condensed form of a complete news story. Each succeeding sentence becomes less significant, providing further information on the \

If we want to sum up a certain news item, we can take words from either inside or outside the news stories. We can say, for example, \about the relationship between country A and country B.\attitudes, analysis can also be very useful.

Apart from current news, radio reports on some breakthroughs in science and technology also help update our knowledge about the world. However. Vocabulary has proved to be a problem that often hinders our understanding of the new information. Therefore, in order to enhance our ability in listening, words that frequently appear in some popular science programs should be carefully studied. Be- sides, if we have a close examination of the experiment re-ports, we may find that they are often

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divided into different parts or paragraphs on the \kind of knowledge also helps us in following the latest developments in science.

11-1

A. 1. British Aerospace plans to buy the part of General Electric Company of Britain that makes defense electronics. The deal is worth $25,000,000,000.

2. Canada will hold a meeting of American leaders in April to discuss trade and economic issues. Canada now has a trade surplus of $161,000,000 a year with Central America.

3. Owners of MCI Communications have agreed to sell the com- pany to the American communication company WorldCom. The price is $37,000,000,000 in stock. WorldCom defeated a

38,000,000,000-dollar offer by GGE. MCI also refused the British company Telecom' s offer to unite the two companies by an agreement worth about $24,000,000,000.

4. President Clinton will release 30,000,000 barrels of oil from the United State4s emergency supply. The move is designed to ease heating oil shortage expected this year.

5. RANGOON-The United Nations and the World Bank have off ered Burma $1,000,000,000 in aid. A UN special diplomat made the offer to Burmese leaders last month.

6. Representatives of the six nations of the Gulf cooperation Council have agreed to common import taxes. Officials at the meeting in Riyadh said representatives agreed to set the com-mon tax on some goods at 5.5%. The tax on other goods will be 7.5%.

7. The New York' s Stock Exchange halted trading early after suf- fering one of the worst market drops in history. Stock Prices fell more than 550 points. That is a loss of more than 7%.

8. United States' Central Bank officials are reducing interest raters for the third time this year. The bank officials cut by 0.25% the rate that banks charge each other for short-term loans. That rate now will be 4.7%. The Central Bank made the same reduction in the rate it charges member banks for overnight loans. The rate now will be 4.5%.

B. 1. Angry demonstrators are increasing their protests against rising fuel prices. World oil prices have reached a ten-year high of about $35 a barrel.

2. China has opened a meeting of African nations. Representatives of more than 40 African nations are attending the three- day meeting in Beijing.

3. Dutch Prime Minister says the Czech Republic could become a member of the European Union by early 2003. The Prime Minister told reporters that the final date would be decided by a conference of EU members.

4. Finance ministers and Central Bank governors of seven leading industrial nations are meeting in Washington. Officials from Britain, Canada, France, Germany, Japan and the United States are

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attending the meeting.

5. Iran and Saudi Arabia say they will try to reduce the amount of oil now on the world market in an attempt to increase the low prices that are harming their economies.

6. Leaders of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries have urged rich countries to lower oil prices by cutting taxes on oil products.

7. Leaders of the ten-member Association of Southeast Asian Nations have promised to speed efforts to increase trade and to bring peace and security to the area. They made the statement at the end of their yearly meeting in Manial.

8. The Chairman of the Federal Reserve board has told a senate committee that he will support policies that keep inflation low.

9. The United States and Japan have signed an agreement that will open Japanese ports to foreign companies.10. And in Singapore, Prime Minister says his country's economy has increased almost 4 percent for the first half of 199. Experts say the country has become a leading manufacturing and financial center.

11-2

A Event: the World Trade Organization (WTO) meeting City: Seattle Starting time: not clear Finishing time: Friday Contentious issues: agriculture trade barriers, environmental and labor concerns Possible outcome: no agreement/ consensus on plans for a new round of talks B. 1. The news items talk about a trade agreement reached between Mexico and EU. 2. a. more than one year b. remove/ 95%+/ trade barriers between EU and Mexico

c. more and better jobs/ new possibilities/ Mexican businesses] d. the U.S./Canada e. on July l st,2000 C. 1. The news items talk about the rising of the Nasdaq Composite Index to a new record high.

2. a. WHEN? on Wednesday b. WHAT? Above 4,000 c. HOW MUCH? 84% d. WHAT? The Dow Jones Industrial Average, the Standard & poor’s 500 and the Russell 2000

e. WHAT? He doesn’t think that the upswing will last for ever. / He doesn't think the markets can keep rising at this rate. f. WHO? Telecommunications equipment and software computer companies.

11-3 A. Outline

Ⅰ. Nasdaq the second largest stock market in the U.s.

A. its full name: the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation system B. its history

1. origin: in 1971 2. purpose in creating it: to centralize information about the trading of stocks not listed on NYSE or other exchanges C. its scale today the

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world' s largest growing stock market

1. The number of trading companies: 4,800 2. the number of computers linked to it: 500,000

Ⅱ. The Nasdaq composite Index one of the main measurements of the strength of the American economy

A. System used: a system of points B. its difference from the Dow Jones Industrial Average

1. the Dow Jones Industrial Average: following the share prices of thirty leading companies in the U.S.

2. the Nasdaq composite Index: including most of the country' s new,

high-technology and Internet companies 3. the recent changes in the value of stocks: much greater on the Nasdaq than on the Dow Jones 4. daily price changes: much larger on the Nasdaq reasons for it:a. Different methods used to create each average b. difference in the kinds of companies included in each average

B. 1.(F) 2.(T) 3.(T) 4.(F) 5.(F)

A. 1. a stock exchange: noisy place/ bell/ lighted messages/ com-puters/ talk on the telephone/ shout/ run around 2. brokers; experts/ salespeople/ buy & sell shares of companies

3. stocks: shares 4. the big board: a list of stocks sold on the New York Stock Ex- change 5. a bear market: prices/ go down 6. a bull market: prices/ go up

7.a company that goes belly up: a company that does not earn enough profit

8. a windfall: a sharp increase in the value of a stock/ something wonderful that happens unexpectedly B. 1. In 1837 in a newspaper in Illionis

2. Old story/ sold the skin of a bear/ before caught it

3. a long connection/ bulls and bears/ in sports/ popular years ago/ England

4.Fish/ turn over on their backs/ die 5. England/ centuries ago/ poor people/ banned/ cutting trees/ the wind blew down the tree/ take for fuel

12-1

A. 1. An avalanche is a large amount of ice, snow, earth, rock or other materials sliding swiftly down the side of a mountain or falling down a cliff.

2. A mudslide is a slow-moving mudflow that moves down a gradual slope.

3. An earthquake is the sudden release of strain energy in the Earth’s crust resulting in waves of shaking that radiate out- wards from the earthquake source.

4. A cyclone is a storm or system of winds that rotates around a center of low atmospheric pressure, advances at a speed of about 30 to 50 kilometers and hour, and often brings heavy rain.

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5. Hurricanes are tropical cyclones with winds that exceed 64 knots or 74 miles per hour and circulate about their centers in the western Atlantic Ocean.

6. A tornado is a violent destructive whirling wind usually ac- companied with severe thunder, lightning, and torrents of rain, and commonly of short duration and small breadth.

7.A typhoon is a type of violent tropical storm with strong cir-collar winds that exceed 74 mph. It especially happens in the Pacific Ocean.

8. a drought is a period of dryness especially when prolonged that causes extensive damage to crops or prevents their successful growth.

9. A flood is a rising and overflowing of a body of water espe - ciallky onto normally dry land. 10. A forest fire is a wildfire or an uncontrolled fire that is burning in forest, grass or other areas of vegetation. B. 1. ALGERIA A bomb explosion in Algiers has injured several people in a market area. 2. Another sever ocean storm is moving toward the Pacific coast of Mexico.

3. BAHRAIN- International experts have begun an official in- vestigation into the cause of a crash of passenger plane in the Persian Gulf. All 143 people on the gulf Airlines plane died in the crash Wednesday. 5. FRANCE- The hijacker of an Air France passenger plane has released his remaining hostages and surrendered to police. 6. Japanese officials say the nuclear reaction on a center northeast of Tokyo has stopped, but it is not clear if the danger has passed. 7. Rescue workers are continuing to search for victims of a train accident in Northern Punjab State. At least 189 people were killed in the accident Thursday. More than 250 people were injured. 8. Russian and Norwegian divers continue working to recover bodies from the sunken Russian nuclear submarink Kursh.9. SOUTH AFRICA-At least 12 people have been killed after heavy rains fell in the North. The rain destroyed homes and bridges. Reports say some roads became rivers of flood waters.

10. The second deadly storm in three days is moving across parts of western Europe. The storm caused transportation delays and forced some airports to close. The two storms have kill- ed more than 115 people. 11. The number of people killed in Sunday' s earthquake in north- eastern Turkey has now risen to more than 1,200 and is ex-pected to go even higher. At least 50 villages have been destroyed. 12. Firemen say the fires burning to the north of Sydney are now under control, but they warned that the changes in the weather might lead to new flare-ups.

12-2

A. Event: a fire from an oil pipeline explosion Time: Thursday Casualties: more than 50 people dead Area: near Lagos Location: near a fuel-loading area owned by Nigeria' s National petroleum corporation Cause: stealing fuel from leaking pipes/ vandal

B. 1. The news item is about a cable car accident at a ski resort in northern Italy. 2. a . American military plane/ cut the wires/ low-level flight b. 20

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c. 60 kilometers away.d. started investigation/ suspended low-level missions

C. 1. Event: floods and landslides Country: Venezuela Damage: homes of 140.000-150,000people destroyed Casualties: 30,000 people killed Major Cause of the damage: poor city planning Estimated cost of relief and reconstruction efforts: 15 billion dollars

2. a To give quick and generous aid to Venezuela. b. To build new housing for those homeless people. c. In stadiums, car parks, airports and militia barracks. d. In plain areas away from the coast.

12-3

A. 1. The topic deal with for the last two weeks is how heavy rains have contributed to the spread of Rift Valley Fever in Kenya.

2. The topic this week is how the continuing torrential storms in Kenya are washing away people' s hopes of a good season.

3. January should be one of the best months for growers of fruit, vegetables and flowers in Kenya.

In Kenya, the weather is not behaving as Whole life/ not a season like this/ not rains like it should. The grower’s personal and bitter experience. Able to keep your business orders up to date or complete your export orders? this Crops flooded/ difficult/ meet require-ments/ consumers/ crops destroyed Struggling/ not supply 100% some-thing B.

For growers of roses, there’s very little Disease pressure/ slows down growth/ happiness in the air. Disappointing your customers? Able to pick up over the course of the season? Making up the fall in production by an increase in price? maize coffee tea production down 30% Some/ definitely If sunshine in the next month/ catch up a lot No/ sales on contract price suffered badly threat of disease pick & transport/ nightmare/ roads/ impossible conditions - 29 -

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