上外出版社写作教程二 练习题答案

P2 . PART1

Advantages : It is very convenient . You can make a call whenever and wherever you want to.

It is especially helpful in an emergency .

It saves time .You don't have to search for or await the turn for the public phone.

You can always be reached when you are needed by others. In an information age ,it can help you to get the information you want in the quickest way.

It may help you to grasp any chance to succeed. You can play games and surf the net through the phone. .......

Disadvantages : It is quite expensive

Its radiation is harmful to health

Answering calls in public places such as on a bus is embarrassing

Making or answering calls while driving is dangerous You can always be reached by your parents or your boss It may ring at the moment when you least want it to You may receive calls from strangers or advertising companies and have to pay for them . .........

P3. PART2

have become increasingly violent

is more and more important for young people is the kindest neighbour I have ever known has a profound effect on our health

P4. 2.too specific

British English is different from American English in spelling 3.This is not a sentence, but a fragment Different countries have different customs 4.too general,too emotional

The local food is tasteless and greasy

P7. Approach 1: For one thing,they should balance science and non-science courses so that they do not have too many time-consuming labs.

Approach 2:They should also try to get a mixture between subjects they find fairly easy and those that are difficult for them.

Example 1: For instance,the student who dose well in history but expects to have a terrible time with calculus might plan on taking both in the same semester to balance the work load.

Example 2: The student who dose not plan carefully and takes five

tough courses the first term may wind up on scholastic probation.

P11. 4 . Paragraph 1:All invention are either basic inventions or improvement on earlier inventions.

Paragraph 2:There was a serious accident in the chemistry lab yesterday.

Paragraph 3: Nutritional deficiency is a major problem of the elderly.

5. Paragraph 1 : Topic sentence: 第一句 无关句： Many people .....to each other. 和 And nowadays,....more convenience. Paragraph 2: T S : 第一句 无关句： I didn't ...last night 和 I heard that .... own children.

6. 排序： 574169832

7. （1）First of all . (2) secondly (3)By and by (4) In addition (5)In short

P18 Paragraph B : Jack should not have taken the gymnastics course. he fell off the uneven bars and got a concussion. he sprained his ankle,after a bad landing off the balance beam.

he broken the support beam in the basement of his parent's home,showing them his skills.

he broke his thumb when he caught it on the bar the pommel horse.

he fails the final exam in his gymnastics course. he failed to graduate due to the lack of two hours of physical education credit

P19 T S: Some historians mark the course of the American Revolutionary War in three major periods.

1. During the first phase of the conflict ,New English was the battleground,

1)The Minutemen and the Redcoats fired the opening shots of the war at Lexington at dawn of April 19,1775

2) Shortly afterwards ,the New England colonists laid siege to Boston .the location of the British headquarters.

2.In the second phase of the war ,which began after the signing of the Declaration ,both the British and the American made important military gains.

1)The British soldiers captured New York in the fall of 1776,and a year later they occupied Philadelphia.

2)Meanwhile the Americans were able to seize New Jersey and Saratoga.

3.The fighting moved to the west and south during the last phase. 1) In 1778 and 1779 several battles occurred in Kentucky and Tennessee.

2)Then two years later ,the final battle of the war was fought at Yorktown ,Virginia.

P22 . 4: 排序：4 10 5 12 3 7 15 9 14 2 11 8 13 6 1

T S： My family spent two fun-filled days at Disney World last year.

P23. 5.(1)Then (2) morning (3)afternoon (4)Then (5)After that (6)when (7)already (8)after

P33. 3. 排序： 3614752 Relationship : Primarily, the organization of the paragraph represents movement in geographical space.

P34 5. (1)into (2) crosses (3) In the center of (4) Outside (5)inside (6) On the front (7)over (8)down (9)lined with (10) At the rear

P46 4. (1)with (2)while (3)slowly (4)Gradually (5)with (6)By this time (7)Suddenly (8)final (9) ending (10) applause

5. Prepare and lay out food;make the special lanterns Keep dancing and singing overnight

Throw the food and lanterns into a river or sea Watch the lanterns drifting way

P52 . T S : Working as a cook at the Venture Inn is the best job i have ever had.

Reasons: 1. I have a steady fort-hour workweek ,along with a chance for overtime if i want it.

2.I can eat whatever i like ,and i get a chance to take steak and sometimes lobster home to my wife.

3.I don't have any big hassle with my boss;if i have to report late or skip a day now and then,all she asks is that i call her in advance 4. They pay is very good ,averaging close to $200 the weeks that i work overtime 5. The job is seasonal.

P57. 3. T S : Working in an apple plant was the worst job i ever had. Examples :1: First of all,the work was physically hard Specific details:

1)For ten hours a night ,i took cartons that rolled down a metal track and stacked them onto wooden skids in a tractor trailer. 2)Each carton contained twelve 32-ounce cans or bottles of apple juice,and they were heavy

2: The second bad feature of the job was the pay Specific details:

I was getting the minimum wage at that time ,$1.25an hour,plus a minimum of a nickel extra for working the night shift. 3: The worst feature of the apple plant job was the working conditions.

Specific details:

1) During work we were limited to two 10-minute breaks and an unpaid half-hour for lunch

2)The steel floors of the trucks were like ice ;the quickly penetrating cold made my feet feel like stone.

Concluding S : I felt humiliated by the poverty that forced me to do such a bitter job.

P58 4. 排序：36182475

Pattern : It follows Pattern 1 and uses many examples to illustrate the controlling idea.

5. (1) For example (2)Furthermore (3)In still another instance (4)Even (5)his (6)these (7)contemporary

P59 7. 1) I've never seen a girl as lazy as Arena

2) English teachers are applying different means to teach the English language

3)Americans have been decreasing their working hours since early 1900s

4)My father has been a generous man to his children

P70 5. 排序： 213546

explain a Spanish word which has no exact English equivalent

courageous behaviour earthy sexuality

P76 Cause: 1. Over a million cars are abandoned on the streets 3.Both city governments or governmental agencies have financial headaches

Effect: lack of parking in cities

P78 Cause: the terrorist strikes

Effects: 1. The Americans feel very anxious and panicky 3. The public would wind up ignoring the one warning that really matters.

P82 2) Cause : (1) got drunk at the party (2)had taken the drug of Accutane (3)adolescent depression Effect : Bart Jr.'s suicide

4. 排序：241365 Pattern of cause and effect: single effect and multiple causes

P88 sample 1 subject: the time most students spend studying for a test Topic sentence: The time most students spend studying for a test can be divided into three distinct phases.

Division；1）Phase One runs from the day the test is announced to

approximately forty-eight hours before the exam is passed out.

2)Phase two is entered two days prior to the test.

3)Phase three ,the final phase ,is entered twelve hours before “Zero Hour.”

Sample 2 : subject: students in our school

Topic sentence: students in our school fall into three groups according to their different intentions of taking part in sports.

Division :1) students who go to the playground when they feel tired after study.

2) real sports lovers who even put aside their studies for a game. P93 3. 1) T S: University students' entertainment can be divided into three categories according to where it takes place Division: a) entertainment at home b) entertainment on campus c) entertainment elsewhere

2)T S: The average young married woman in today's society has her life divided into three different roles. Division: a)the role of wife b)the role of mother c)the role of self

3) T S : Neighbours fall into three categories according to their different attitudes towards you

the evening, many students gather to socialize in the Student Union ?s coffee house .For the sports –minded ,the Stanford campus offers highly developed athletic facilities. Team sports ,swimming ,and track and field activity are all very much part of the Stanford picture. Concluding sentence: It is Concluding para (the last para ) Stanford is now considered comparable in quality to conclusion: other longer established generally considered comparable in quality to such other longer established ,major American universities. universities as Harvard ,Yale, Princeton, and Columbia.

P145 3. Gambling is the root cause of many social problems The future of education lies in the innovation of educational technology

Violence on television has a negative impact on children's view of society

Women should be given equal opportunities in education and career development

Efforts should be made to preserve natural beauty in developing local tourism

P147 6. (1)usually (2)often (3)Since (4)on the other hand (5)also (6)but (7)Although

P158 5.排序：8 3 7 1 5 9 13 2 6 12 4 11 10

6: 1.While 2.in the morning 3. in the evening 4.While 5.until 6.while 7.before 8.at six o'clock 9.As soon as 10.Unfortunately 11.What's more 12.After 13.the next morning 14.next 15. Luckily 16.until 17.at last

P172 5.排序： 32718564

P173 6: (1)cozy (2)soft (3)On one side of the room (4)Next to (5)muted (6)On the other side of (7)nap (8)orange(9)lighted (10)sizzling

P183 3. T S: If blind people can sense color differences ,then perhaps we, too,are affected by colors unconsciously

Paragraph 1 : (Introduction/thesis statement) Paragraph

2:

(Supporting

paragraph)

Topic:discoveries of manufacturers Examples: sugar,foods and cosmetics

Paragraph

3:(Supporting

paragraph)

Topic:

discoveries of experiments Examples: red,blue,yellow

Paragraph 4: (Conclusion:result of the discoveries)

P184 5 . (1)confirmed (2)findings (3)than (4)whereas (5)as (6)if (7)together (8)lead to (9)where (10)adults

P185 6.Purpose:to inform drivers that they should keep the four-second rule instead of the two second rule on highways in order to avoid collision or pileups

Topic 1.1) speeds over 55miles per hour 3) keep two seconds ahead when driving

Topic 2. On highways drivers should use the four-second rule ,not the two second rule 1) The distance needed to stop a car should

Topic 3.1)over the last half of the stopping distance 2)Some practical examples are given 3)For greater details the reader may refer to the attached table to determine the right time allowed to avoid accidents

P199 4.(1)However (2)open (3)too (4)because (5)as a result (6)Secondly (7)unless (8)even(9)prolong (10)delays (11)benefits Main proposition: I am not completely satisfied with the family doctor system

Minor propositions: 1. Doctors' office hours are inconvenient

2.There are delays in seeing a doctor

Solution: 1.to prolong doctors' surgery hours 2.for doctors to share patients

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