全新四川省大学英语三级考试词汇语法部分专项分析

（一）考试大纲和历年试题分析

第二部分：词汇和语法(Structure and Vocabulary)

根据四川省大学英语三级考试大纲，“词汇与结构”部分共20题，语法结构占60%，即12题，词汇40%，即8题。考查的内容主要在要求的大纲语法项目和约3550个单词和350条短语之中。 就历年试题分析，考查的重点主要集中在如下项目：

词汇（形近、近音、近义）辨析 （语法）结构 动词 名词 形、介词、 短语 共 非谓时态虚从倒装 主谓共 副词 语结语态拟句 一致构 情态 语和其气 它句式 1-2题 1 1-2 1 2-3 8-9 2-3 2 1 2-3 1 1-2 11-12 （二）词汇部分考点

1. 形容词、副词

形容词和副词为每年三级考试必考题目，所考单词全部出自考纲所要求的3550个基础词汇，主要考查学生对单词意义的准确把握，以及单词的相关搭配。每年的考题中通常会有两道题目，一道考查形容词，另外一道考查副词。 真题演练：

1）The young officer was very ______with the new soldier in their training . （200406-15）

A. hard B. strict C. serious D. hostile

2）There are no tickets ______for Saturday?s concert. （200506-26）

A. preferable B. favorable C. available D. considerable

3) It is quite necessary for a qualified teacher to have good manners and _____ knowledge. A) intensive B) ineffective C) extensive D)expensive (200512-22)

4) We need someone really _____ who can organize the office and make it run smoothly. (200512-26)

A) effective B) efficient C) essential D) executive

5）Let's hang up some nice paintings on these _____ walls of the great hall.

(200512-29) A) blank B) bare C) empty D) vacant 6）She is one of the newest film stars from America and has many fans, _____ in Europe. (200312-13) A) specially B) particularly C) partially D) specifically

7）They took _____ measures to prevent poisonous gases from escaping in the chemical plant. A) fruitful B) beneficial C) effective D) influential

(200312-16)

8）John and Edwards are, ______, the producer and director of the film that won the prize just now. A. definitely B. relatively C. collectively D. respectively

(200406-13）

9) It is ______ impossible to find a good educational computer program in this part of the country. A. merely B. barely C. hardly D. nearly (200506-31)

10) Over ten people died and twenty people were _______ wounded in the train crash. (200606-20)

A. eventually B. urgently C. bitterly D. seriously

答案：1）B，2）C，3）C， 4）B，5）B，6）B，7）C，8）D，9）D，10）D 补充练习：

1) He is not really ill, but he has a ______ headache.

A. obvious B. delicate C. slight D. temporary 2) Some ______ friends helped John to get a good job.

A. capable B. effective C. efficient D. powerful 3) The winds today will be light and _____.

A. varied B. various C. variable D. valuable 4）She is very ______ about what she wears and eats.

A. popular B. specific C. special D. particular 5) He was quite ________ about his future in the company.

A. pessimistic B. optional C. ambitious D. confident 6) Noise is unpleasant, _______ when you are trying to sleep.

A. surely B. exclusively C. generally D. especially

7) Free medical treatment in this country covers sickness of mind as well as ______ sicknesses. A. normal B. regular C. average D. ordinary

8) Having heard so much about Mr. Smith, they were ______ to meet and have a chat with him. A. eager B. desperate C. urgent D. earnest 9) The mild boiled over and there was a _____ smell of burning. A. horrible B. beautiful C. hostile D. bitter

10) Johnny was very ______ and preferred not to talk about his achievement. A. modest B. impatient C. indifferent D. mysterious 11) We had ______rain this summer.

A. considerate B. considerable C. conservative D. consistent

12) Although only of ______ intelligence, he speaks four foreign languages fluently. A. average B. middle C. minor D. slow

13) ______, many workers who have been laid off are the victims of the bad management in the company.

A. Scarcely B. Undoubtedly C. Directly D. Largely 14) The hero in the story is an ______ character.

A. imagine B. imaginary C. imaginative D. imagination

15) The lady who had invited us heard me telling my wife that the dinner was terrible, so I was ______.

A. confused B. nervous C. shameful D. embarrassed

16. The doctor found the patient?s blood pressure remained _______ at all time. A. constant B. continuous C. continual D. available

17. Our public transportation is not _______ for the need of the people in our major cities.

A. excessive B. additional C. efficient D. adequate 18. –I?d like to have a table for four at 6 o?clock.

–I am sorry. There are no tables ______ this evening.

A. available B. favorable C. ready D. prepared

19. In teaching it is highly ______ to know exactly what one is hoping to achieve. A. unable B. reliable C. unreasonable D. desirable

20. There were _________ 9,997 people at the opening ceremony of the games. A. approximately B. nearly C. apparently D. exactly 答案：1-5: C D C D D 6-10: D D A A A 11-15: B A B D A 16-20: A D A D D 2．动词、动词短语

动词也是每年三级考试必考题目，所考单词全部出自考纲所要求的3550个基础词汇，即有单独考查单词意义的题目，也有考查动词意义及其搭配的题目，复习时应该注意动词的相关搭配和用法。每年的考题中通常会有2-3道题目，但从四川省2006年12月的考题来看，比例有所增加。值得注意的是，考题一般不会单纯考查词汇，通常会将语法知识点如被动语态结合在一起考查。 真题演练：

1）The investigation has _____some serious faults in the operation system of the assembly line.

A. revealed B. involved C. encountered D. recovered (200406-32) 2）Features such as height , weight and skin color _____from individual to individual and from face to face .

A. alter B. vary C. change D. convert (200506-19)

3) Some animals can _______ in the desert on very little water. (200306-27)

A. relax B. conquer C. survive D. recover

4) In this university, the best students are ______ special scholarships every year. (200306-29) A. impressed B. exerted C. favored D. awarded

5) The solution to the problems ______ social and political reforms. (200306-31)

A. sticks to B. lies in C. stands for D. goes through

6) At such a time of crisis, we must try to ______ differences of party or class and stick together. A. set forth B. set back C. set aside D. set down (200312-26)

7) A soldier should never _______ from the duty of defending his county even in the face of death. A. shrink B. shield C. shelter D. avoid (200312-32)

8) Looking through my drawers I ______ the missing papers. (200406-26)

A. came over B. came across C. came through D. came to

9) Eating too much food can _____ heart disease and cause high blood pressure. (200506-17)

A. contribute to B. refer to C. attend to D. devote to

10) We hoped to be able to complete the task at the end of the month, but things did not _____ as we had expected.

A. work over B. work on C. work at D. work out (200306-19)

答案：1）A，2）B, 3）C， 4）D，5）B，6）C，7）A，8）B，9）A，10）D 补充练习：

1) Their marriage ended with ______ at last because of the age ago. A. divorce B. register C. panel D. restore

2) What do you _____ to do about the problem now that this solution has failed? A. attempt B. think C. pretend D. intend

3) Is there anyone who ______ the plans put forward by the committee? A. differs B. opposes C. disagrees D. refuses

4) The ability to use a language can be ______ only by the act of using the language. A. acquired B. inquired C. required D. acquitted

5) The restaurant is busy on Sundays, so I will phone up today and _______ a table. A. reserve B. preserve C. observe D. deserve 6) He has been ______ of murdering his wife.

A. blamed B. charged C. accused D. arrested 7) I?ve ______ for the job and I hope I could get it.

A. appointed B. applied C. presented D. succeeded 8) Children who are over-protected by their parents may become_______. A. hurt B. damaged C. spoiled D. harmed

9) The Chinese Red Cross _______ a generous sum to the relief of the physically disabled. A. assigned B. contributed C. furnished D. administered

10) Our company decided to _______ the contract because a number of the conditions in it had not been met.

A. destroy B. resist C. assume D. cancel 11) The experiment he made last week ______ that theory.

A. committed B. confirmed C. considered D. concerned 12) We must ______ that the telegram arrives in time.

A. secure B. assure C. insure D. ensure 13) Marty?s music teacher ______ him for the school band.

A. recommended B. employed C. promoted D. specialized 14) We were tired of hearing him _______ about how strong he was. A. exclaim B. speak C. remark D. boast 15) He _______ to hit me if I didn?t do as he said.

A. pretended B. thought C. threatened D. warned 16) She doesn?t ______ to speak her mind.

A. object B. hesitate C. pause D. prepare

17) It would be easier to _______ the outcome of the game, if the teams were not so evenly matched. A. argue B. discuss C. predict D. influence 18) He couldn?t even _______ a cow from a horse.

A. tell B. contrast C. compare D. recognize 19) I was told that this cloth would not ______ in the wash, but it did. A. decrease B. shorten C. reduce D. shrink

20) We asked high school student to _______ in an anti-drugs campaign. A. remain B. resist C. participate D. attend

21) Science has _______ great changes in our daily life.

A. brought up B. brought forward C. brought out D. brought about 22) Her teacher has ______ her essay and found sit spelling mistakes.

A. looked through B. looked into C. looked up D. looked after 23) I could just see a car in the distance; but I could not _____ what color it was. A. take in B. look over C. make out D. see through 24) The gas ______ an unpleasant smell.

A. set off B. went off C. put off D. gave off 25) Poor as he was, he was honest, and ______ every offer of help.

A. gave out B. turned down C. called off D. looked through 26) The old man has _______ two wars and three revolutions.

A. left for B. lived through C. fought against D. looked through 27) We have already______ too much of your valuable time.

A. taken away B. taken in C. taken over D. taken up

28) The factory will have to ______ workers if its orders keep on decreasing. A. hand over B. lay off C. hand in D. turn down 29) It?s hard work but if you ______ you?ll succeed in the end.

A. hand in B. hang in C. hand on D. hang on

30) Mr. Brown lost his job last month so the family had to ________on expenses A. cut off B. cut out C. cut back D. cut down

答案： 1-5: A D B A A 6-10: C A C B D 11-15: B D A D C 16-20: B C A D C 21-25: D A C D A 26-30: B D B D D 3．名词

三级考试对名词的考查每年不是很固定，但几乎都有一道题目。如2004年6月考查一道题目，2006年6月考查一道题目，2006年12月考查了二道题目，名词的考查具有以下特征：一般不会和语法结合进行考查，如名词的数；所考查的名词一般是由动词转化而来的名词；比较容易考察意义相近的名词之间的区别; 可能会考查以名词为中心词的习惯用语，固定搭配。考生做这类题没有什么诀窍，只要具备较扎实的词汇知识，得分相对容易。 真题演练：

1）The doctor told Alice that too much ______ to the sun is bad for her skin.

A. exposure B. extension C. exhibition D. expansion （200306-25）

2）He gave his listeners a vivid ______ of what he had experienced in the country.

A. condition B. occupation C. description D. situation （200506-24）

3) A railway ticket should indicate the place of departure as well as the ______ of the trip.（200312-21）

A. advance B. arrival C. direction D. destination

4）George has prepared carefully for his driving test so that he might pass it on his first ______. A. purpose B. attention C. attempt D. desire （200406-21）

答案：1）A，2）C, 3）D， 4）C，

补充练习：

1) What _______ should we adopt to find out thief?

A. principle B. measure C. recommendation D. procedure 2) It is a(an)_______ to call a man a liar if you know he is not.

A. mistake B. crime C. insult D. nonsense

3) You have a marvelous ______ of the whole island from the top of the tower. A. view B. scenery C. vision D. scene 4) She loves traveling, and it is her ______ to travel round the world. A. tendency B. opinion C. anxiety D. ambition

5) At the universities of Oxford and Cambridge the ______ of teachers to students is very high. A. ratio B. number C. percentage D. proportion

6) A space shuttle(航天飞机) is a _____ that takes off like a rocket but lands like an airplane. A. vehicle B. carriage C. transport D. compartment 7) The demonstrators demanded that foreign troops ______ from the country. A. resign B. suspend C. deposit D. withdraw 8) The discovery of oil can bring great ______ to a country.

A. property B. wealth C. purchase D. belongings 9) Literature is a ______ of endless pleasure to many thousands. A. religion B. source C. origin D. resource

10) This is the latest attempt to find a peaceful _____ to the troubles in the area. A. method B. solution C. revolution D. pollution 11) They are working on a _______ to prevent trouble ate football grounds. A. solution B. schedule C. measurement D. scheme 12) The ______ of the trees in the water was very clear.

A. sight B. reflection C. shadow D. picture

13) It?s my birthday, and we are going to celebrate the ______ by having a few friends in for the evening.

A. moment B. occasion C. period D. instance 14) They escaped to Paris with the _______ of becoming painters.

A. intention B. attention C. imagination D. consideration

15) Before John started to operate the new machine, he read the _______ carefully so that he made no mistakes.

A. informations B. indications C. instructions D. publications 16) That Shelley became a poet may have been due to his mother?s _______. A. education B. effect C. literacy D. influence

17) From our conversation, I got the _______ that he was not satisfied with his present job. A. impressions B. emotion C. expression D. reputation

18) The accidents happened because too little ______ was placed on the safety regulation. A. emphasis B. importance C. weights D. seriousness

19) The _______ on international economic problems met in Geneva last Monday. A. references B. inference C. conference D. difference

20) Rebuilding the canal has already brought many ______ to our national economy. A. interests B. developments C. advances D. benefits

答案： 1-5: C C A D A 6-10: A D B B B 11-15: D B B A C 16-20: D A A C D

4．介词及介词短语:

介词及介词短语每年必考，考查的题目在1-2题之间，但考查的方式较多： 1) 与动词搭配，构成短语，但考查的核心在介词上，如以下一些短语： account for, benefit from/by, come across, contribute to, apply for, consist in, differ from, interfere in, result from, get through, insist on, lie in, live through, persist in, stick to, stand for, turn to, vary with, work on, vary from, stand by, keep to, rely on, run into, see through, take to等；

2）与动词、副词连用，构成动词+副词+介词的结构，如以下一些短语：come up with, face up to, live up to, look down upon, make up for, stand up for, come up to, cut down on, go in for, keep up with, put up with, stand up to, give in to等；

3）动词+（宾语）+介词+（宾语）的结构也常考，如以下一些短语：accuse…of…, accustom oneself to…, apply… to, attribute… to…, compare… with…, convince…of…, tell…from…, charge…with…, devote oneself to…, prevent…from…, separate…from…, remind…of… derive…from…, owe…to…, prefer…to…, warn…of…, think of…as…等；

4）形容词与介词的搭配， 如：capable of, adapted to, concerned about, absorbed in, accustomed to, anxious for… conscious of, content with, exposed to, inclusive of, known for, favorable to, involved in, responsible for, similar to, subject to, superior to, strict with等；

5）名词和介词的搭配，如：access to, approach to, confidence in, desire for, impression on, interference in, comment on, dependence on, influence on, reply to, respect for, sympathy with/for, shelter from, tendency to/towards, comparison with, attitude to 等；

6）介词短语： apart from, according to, as a result of, as regards, at the cost of, at the sight of, by means of, for the sake of, in charge of, in favor of, in spite of, in the event of, on the ground of, thanks to, with respect to, as to, at the risk of, in virtue of, due to, in addition to, in case of, in honor of, in place of, with regard to, in view of, on the basis of, regardless of, within the reach of, at a loss, at any cost, at no time, at times, by all means, after all, as a matter of fact, at a time, at all events, at most, at least, by accident/chance, by no means, in case, in detail, in particular, on a large scale, on purpose, out of sight, to the point, without question, in a word, in brief, in effect, in no way, out of control, under repair, up to date, without exception, by the way, in sum, on duty, on the whole, out of place, under age, in sequence 等；

真题演练：

1) Many northerners find it difficult to get accustomed_____ the hot Sichuan food. （200406-23）

A. against B. for C. with D. to

2) There is not much time left; so I will tell you about it________. （200312-19）

A. in short B. in detail C. in brief D. in all

3) If the newcomer won?t cooperate on the mountain-climbing, leave him______. （200306-13）

A. behind B. over C. off D. out

4) What he said just now had little to do with the question________ discussion. （200506-28）

A. under B. at C. in D. on

5) They hold different opinions______ whether the giant panda belongings to the bear family or not. A. as to B. as regards C. as far as D. as well as （200306-22）

答案： 1）D，2）B, 3）A， 4）A，5)A 补充练习：

1) It?s ________ to ask Mr. Blake for help. He is too busy.

A. out of question B. beyond question C. out of the question D. in question 2) The losses _______ leakage past the pistons can be ignored since they are negligible. A. due to B. thanks to C. since D. as

3) ________ the higher capital expenditure(支出) involved, the machine may prove more economical in the long run.

A. in spite of B. Besides C. Except for D. Apart from 4) ________ the earth, none of the planets is inhabited.

A. apart from B. Besides C. Except that D. Except 5) ________ the high temperatures special alloys are used.

A. in account of B. On account of C. Thanks to D. Because 6) The mayor has told his friends that he is sick but will not admit it _______ public. A. on B. to C. in D. by 7) I spoke to him _____ his low marks.

A. with regard B. with regards to C. with regard to D. with regards 8) A floating nuclear plant is planned for construction _______ the coast of New Jersey. A. off B. of C. in D. out

9) John left school and went to work ______ his family.

A. for the sake of B. because C. since D. by reason of 10) If ______ you see Henry, tell him I want to see him.

A. on chance B. by chance C. on the chance D. by the chance 11) ________ the fog, we should have reached our destination.

A. Because of B. in spite of C. In case of D. But for 12) It?s on the top shelf, out of ______.

A. distance B. reach C. touch D. attempt

13) Thousands of people from other countries entered USA ______ New York.

A. By means of B. by the way C. by way of D. in the way of 14) _______ your poor record in school, we think you should study harder. A. in spite of B. in charge of C. in view of D. in case of 15. We would contact your relatives _______ any accident occurring.

A. in the place of B. in spite of C. in the event of D. on account of

16. Whoever has skills and knowledge should be properly treated and rewarded _______ his educational background.

A. despite of B. let alone C. regardless of D. on account of

17. I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and ______ in a quiet neighborhood. A. all in all B. above all C. after all D. over all 18. Take an umbrella _______ of rain.

A. in any case B. in case C. owing to D. in the case 19. He got up to the roof ______ a ladder.

A. by all means B. by any means C. by means of D. by no means 20. _______ his bad conduct, he was dismissed from the position.

A. In the event of B. In consequence of C. in contrast to D. in excess of 答案：1-5: C A A D B 6-10: C C A A B 11-15: D B C C C 16-20: C B B C B

（二）语法部分考点

就历年真题分析，语法结构占20题中的60%，即12题。语法结构考查的重点主要集中在从句、时态语态、情态动词、虚拟语气、倒装。其中，非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词）是考查重点，每次考查题目总在3-4题 左右。从句题在逐年增加，每次考查题目在3-4题左右。时态语态和情态动词常连在一起考，每次考查题目总在2题左右。虚拟语气、倒装每年各考查1题。主谓一致和形容词、副词的比较级也有所涉及。从2006年12月的考题来看，语法考查更加基础，考点分布更加清晰，便于考生复习备考，值得一提的是，语法考查的比例有所下降，20题中只有8个题目考察语法知识，分别考查了主谓一致、倒装结构、定语从句、状语从句、虚拟语气、名词的数、动词不定式。考生只要在平时的学习过程中注意以上这些语法知识点，在三级考试中得分比较容易。 1. 非谓语动词

非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词）是词汇与结构考试中语法部分的重中之重，每次考查题目总在3-4个左右。考查点： 1）现在分词主要考查：

a. 现在分词作定语；b. 现在分词作状语（尤其是伴随状语和原因状语; c. 现在分词独立结构（表示原因、表示条件、表示方式或伴随）；d. 不仅要知道现在分词的一般形式，而且要知道现在分词时式和语态的变化；e. 现在分词的否定形式 f. 垂悬的现在分词(注意将其和分词作状语区分开来。

2）过去分词主要考查：过去分词作定语； 3) 动名词主要考查：a. 动名词的复合结构； b. 动名词作主语（it作形式主语的用法）；c. 动名词时态和语态的变化；d. 动名词作宾语是考查的重点，主要有以下几种情况：

a)英语中有些动词后面只能跟动名词作它的宾语 。这类动词常见的有：admit, advice, anticipate, appreciate, avoid，consider, delay，deny，dislike, enjoy，escape，excuse, fancy，favor, finish，imagine，include , keep, mind，miss, postpone, practice，prevent , propose, resist, risk, suggest等。 b)动名词在demand, deserve, need, require, want等动词后面作宾语时，表示被动的意思。 c)动名词作介词宾语

动名词作介词宾语，并且和介词构成介词短语。

d)有些短语动词和结构后面也要求跟动名词作宾语 .这样的短语动词常见的有：feel like，give up，go on，object/objection to，put off，keep on，insist on，leave off，look forward to，think of, can't help, be/get used to, spend...in , have difficulty in, have trouble/a hard time in, there be no need, confess to等。

e)有些动词既可以加动名词，又可以加不定式，两者在意义上有差别。 这些动词有：forget, like, remember, regret, try等。

4）不定式主要考查：a. 不定式的时式和语态的变化，尤其是一般式的被动语态和完成式的被动语态；b. 不定式作宾语（动词不定式作宾语补足语）、定语的用法；c. 不定式作结果状语和目的状语；d. 不带to 的不定式的用法。（该部分涉及的语法知识点较多，本书不能一一列举，考生查阅语法书籍，弄清楚以上语法知识点，方能在考试中立于不败之地） 非谓语动词可以从以下几个方面应试：

A. 根据非谓语动词同其所修饰的名词或逻辑主语的一致关系，确定使用主动语态或被动语态，然后考虑采用现在分词、现在分词被动式或过去分词；

B. 非谓语动同同主句谓语动词动作发生的先后关系。动作正在进行的用现在分词进行式，同时发生或不分先后发生的用现在分词一般式或过去分词；在主句谓语动词之前发生的用现在分词完成式、不定式完成式；发生在主句谓语动词之后的多用不定式一般式； C. 表状态多用分词，表目的多用不定式。

真题演练：

1) When you make a public speech, try your best to make yourself clearly______.

A. understand B. understanding C. understood D. to understand （200212-26）

2) There____ nothing to say, the secretary got to her feet and left the room. (200306-18）

A. is B. being C. was D. having

3) I feel like ____to the landlord of the house to complain about the broken window.

A. writing B. write C. to write D. to have written （200212-24）

4) There seems something wrong with my camera. It needs_______. （200406-31）

A. being repaired B. repairing C. to repair D. repaired

5) We suggested sleeping in hotels but the children were anxious ___ out. （200306-26）

A. camped B. to camp C. camping D. to camping

6) Over thirty coal miners were reported ______ in that shocking accident. （200312-22）

A. to be killed B. to have been killed C. having been killed D. being killed 7) Many people lay face down on the beach, their backs ______ to the sun. （200406-16）

A. exposed B. exposing C. were exposed D. are exposed

8) I have no objection _____ the evening with them. （200506-16）

A. to spend B. to spending C. spending D. of spending

9) _____, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of English is poor. （200512-15）

A) Were other things equal C) Other things being equal B) To be equal to other things D) Other things to be equal

10) The student in glasses confessed to _____ the final English exam for another student. （200512-30）

A) take B) taking C) have taken D) having taken

答案：1）C，2）B, 3）A，4）B, 5）B，6）B, 7) A, 8) D, 9) C, 10) D 补充练习：

1) Is Mr. Smith a suitable person _______ over the job? A. to take B. taking C. taken D. takes

2) Do you mean to risk ______ cold by going out now that it has started pouring with rain? A. catch B. to catch C. catching D. caught 3) Suddenly we felt the atmosphere ______ tense.

A. grew B. to grow C. grown D. grow

4) You can have your tape record ______ in the shop over there. A. repairing B. to repair C. repaired D. repair

5) You can't avoid ______ .

A. to make mistakes B. making mistakes C. in making mistakes D. from making mistakes 6) He is looking forward to ______ his holiday in Britain.

A. spend B. have spent C. spending D. having been spending 7) _______ a properly designed shape, the steam flow will be smooth. A. Given B. Give C. Giving D. To have given

8) ________ there for many years, she knew the place quite well. A. Living B. Lived C. To live D. Having lived 9) Returning to my apartment, _______.

A. my watch was missing B. I found my watch missed

C. I found my watch missing D. the watch was missed

10) The revolutionary fighter would rather die with his head high than ______ with his knees bent. A. to live B. living C. live D. lived

11) An adequate amount of heat must be supplied for the metal ______.

A. to be melting B. to be melted C. to have melted D. to melted 12) _______ such a good chance, how could she let it slip away?

A Having given B Giving C Having been given D Give

13) Tim cannot but ______ his supervisor to help him solve the difficulty he has in doing his project. A to ask B ask C asking D asked 14) Mr. Wilson said he did not want _______ any future responsibilities. A. put up B. to take on C. getting on D. to look up 15) He wore dark glasses to avoid ________.

A. having been recognized B. recognized C. to be recognized D. being recognized 16) There is nothing to do but ______ till he comes back.

A. wait B. to wait C. waited D. waiting 17) The teacher stood there, _______ by a group of students.

A. surrounded B. having been surrounded C. being surrounded D. to be surrounded

18) They found the size of the machine _______ greatly.

A. to have reduced B. to be being reduced C. reduced D. having reduced 19) Weather _______, we will start our journey tomorrow.

A. is permitting B. permitting C. is permitted D. being permitting 20) They failed to pass the exam last time. I regretted ________. A. to be not able to help B. being not able to helping C. being unable to help D. not be able to help

21) ______ for more than twenty years, no one recognized him. A. The man imprisoned B. the man imprisoning

C. The man being imprisoned D. The man having been imprisoned 22) ______ in her experiment, she forgot _______ lunch.

A. Absorbing; having B. Absorbed; to have C. Having absorbed; to have D. To be absorbed; having

23) The child pretended ______ to what his mother was saying.

A. to be not listening B. not listening C. not to be listening D. listening 24) All letters _______, Bethe took them to the post office.

A. had been writing B. having been written C. wrote D. had written 25) This is one of the foods that my doctor has forbidden me______. A. eating B. eat C. to eat D. to be eaten 26) New ways have been found to prevent the river_______.

A. not to be polluted B. against polluting C. from polluting D. from being polluted 27) I hope that by posting the letter now at midday, I shall ensure ______ it before the weekend. A. you receive B. you to receive C. your receiving D. your having received 28) It?s too early ______ in the office.

A. for anybody to be there B. for there to be anybody C. there to be anybody D. there anybody to be 29) ______, she began to search some on TV. A. There were no interesting radio programs B. There was no interesting radio programs C. Without being interesting radio programs D. There being no interesting radio programs

30) After _______ him better, I regretted ______ him unfairly.

A. getting to know; to judge B. getting to know; to have judged

C. Getting to have known; judging D. getting to know; having judged 答案： 1-5: A C D C B 6-10: A A D C C 11-15: B C B B D 16-20: A C C B C 21-25: D B C B C 26-30: D C B D D 2. 从句

历年三级考试对从句考查不少2-3个。从近年的考题来看，考查的比例在增大，每次约1-3题。考查点在：

1）定语从句考查重点，其中非限制定语从句是重中之重。一般考非限制性定语从句中介词of + whom、which从句。限制性定语从句考查较少, 主要考查关系副词（when, where）和状语从句中的连接词在引导定语从句和状语从句的区别。

2）状语从句为选考项目。本部分的考试重点是：引导时间状语从句的名词词组：the instant, the moment, the minute, the time, each time, every time等。引导原因状语从句的连词：as, seeing that(由于), in that(因为), considering that, for the reason that(因为), now that, not that … but that（不是因为，而是因为）等。引导目的状语从句的连词：in order that, lest , in case, for fear that等。引导条件状语从句的连词：as/so long as, unless, assuming(that) (假定), on condition(that)（条件是）, providing/provided(that) (假若), suppose/supposing that (假使), granting/granted that(假定)等。 “主补＋as(though)＋主语＋谓语动词”引导让步状语从句，表示倒装。

3）名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）也为选考项目，但他们常和虚拟语气结合考查。

4）从句的语序也是一个考点。 例如：

A. 定语从句： a. 非限制定语从句

1) They have invited me to dinner, ___is very kind of them . （200212-30）

A. as B. which C. it D. that

2）The United States is composed of fifty states, ____ are separated from the others by land or

water.

A. Two of which B. Two of whom C. two of them D. two of those

（200312-23）

3) The students, ______, enjoyed the performance very much. （200506-15）

A. most of those were girl students B. most of them were girl students C. most of them were girl students D. most of whom were girl students 答案：1）B，2）A，3）D B. 限制性定语从句

I?ve never been to my parents? hometown, but it?s the place______. （200506-13）

A. in which I?d like to visit B. where I?d like to visit C. I want to visit most D. that I want to visit it most 答案：C B. 状语从句:

1）_____its economy continues to grow ,the US is increasingly becoming a nation of part-time and temporary workers. （200312-26）

A. Even though B. If only C. Now that D. Provided that

2）______you return the book by Saturday ,I will lend it to you with pleasure . （200506-14）

A. So long as B. As well as C. So far as D. As far as 答案：1）D，2）A C. 名词性从句

1）A telephone recording at the cinema tells callers____. （200406-27）

A. what time starts the movie B. what time does the movie start C. what time the movie starts D. the movie starts what time 2) ____there are several thousand languages and dialects spoken in the world. （200506-32）

A. When it is estimated B. It has been estimated that C. To estimate that D. If it is estimated that 答案：1）C，2）B 补充练习：

1) _______ it is you have found, you must give it back to _______it belongs to. A. Whatever, whomever B. What, no matter whom

C. No matter what, whoever D. Whatever, no matter who 2) _______ is none of your business.

A. She spends her time B. Where does she spend her time

C. Where she spends her time D. It is where she spends her time 3) The size of the people, _____ we had expected, was a thousand. A. whom B. who C. as D. that

4) _____ this is an event of world historic significance is quite evident. A. What B. That C. Because D. Since

5) We have tested three hundred types of boot, _______ is completely waterproof.

A. no of which B. none of which C. some of that D. neither of which 6) It is the third time ______.

A. that I have been here B. that I was there C. since I was there D. since I have been there

7) I remember the reason ______ he had given for not coming. A. why B. that C. how D. what

8) He may be late, in ______ case we ought to wait for him. A. whose B. its C. which D. what

9) Mr. Black ______ we have a sincere respect, is quite outstanding in the field of natural science. A. of whom B. for whom C. on whom D. for that

10) July 13, 1913 is a day _____ he will never forget. His father was murdered on that day. A. when B. that C. which D. for which 11) ______ I saw him I knew he had failed the examination.

A. The moment B. A moment C. In a moment D. For a moment 12) She accepted the invitation _______ she didn?t really want to. A. in case B. although C. provided D. since

13) It is because she is too experienced ______ she does not know how to deal with the situation. A. so B. that C. so that D. therefore 14) All _______ is a nice meal and a good rest.

A. what I want B. that I want C. the thing wanted D. which I want

15) A force can be shown by a straight line, ______ length represents the magnitude of the force. A. which B. whose C. that D. as

16) I always wanted to have a stud (书房)______ I could do my work,. A. that B. which C. where D. of which 17) You may borrow the book _______ you keep it clean. A. such as B. so as to C. so long as D. as far

18) _______ she has opened a window, the smell of smoke is still very strong. A. Till B. In order that C. Even though D. So that

19) _______ he retires, Professor Baker will have taught for almost forty years. A. By this time B. By the time C. At the same time D. At the time 20) ______ we have satisfied you, you have no grounds for complaint. A. So B. Since that C. Now that D. Because of

21) I wouldn?t read that novels, _______ recommends it.

A. no matter who B. no matter how C. no matter when D. no matter what 22) He took down the name _______ he should forget it.

A. in that B. for fear that C. except that D. as if

23) We can only do the job for you ________ the work is paid for in advance. A. on condition that B. now that C. just as D. in that

24) ________ I have been able to discover, there is only one source of energy available. A. In order that B. If C. So that D. So far as

25) Tom is in favor of going to the movies, _______ Jack insists on playing basketball. A. while B. meanwhile C. in the meantime D. at the same time

26) Peter speaks to me _______ he were my brother. A. even if B. although C. if D. as if

27) I had to visit a sick friend of mine; ______, I didn?t know you would come. A beside B besides C except D for 28) My father has a large collection of books _______ are written in foreign languages. A. many ones of which B. many of which C. whose many books D. many books of which 29) I had not even a vague idea ______ was going to happen.

A. in which B. of which C. of what D. in what

30) Criticism and self- criticism is necessary ________ it helps us to correct our mistakes A. in that B. that C. so that D. such that

答案： 1-5: A C C B B 6-10: A B C B B 11-15: A B B B A 16-20: C C C B C 21-25: A B A D A 26-30: D B B C A

3. 时态、语态和情态动词

时态主要围绕完成时，重点考查过去完成时、情态动词+完成时、将来完成时。语态主要是和时态、非谓语动词、虚拟语气结合，单独考查语态的试题较为少见。时态、语态、情态动词常三者结合考查。在历年的考试中大约有2-3题考查到时态、语态和情态动词 1）完成时

过去完成时：常和before, after, until, when等引导的时间状语从句连用, 其谓语动作一般表示过去。（by the time/the end of）+表示过去时间的短语或句子。 hardly/scarcely＋过去完成时＋when＋过去时；no sooner＋过去完成时＋than＋过去时。

现在完成时和现在完成进行时：状语词组：this day(week, month, year), so far, for some time, up to now, up to the present, all this year等。 将来完成时：常和before, until, when, after 等引导的时间状语从句连用，其谓语动作一般表示将来。by(the time/the end of)＋表示将来时间的短语或句子。

2）情态动词

情态动词的测试重点：should(ought to)+have + p.p.表示 “过去该做而没有做的事情，常有责备或后悔的意味”。might/could/may + have + p.p.表示“过去发生的可能性或对过去情况的推测”。must + have + p.p.表示“对过去事件的断定，肯定的程度很大”。needn?t + have + p.p.表示“做了不必做的事，有责备之意”。

真题演练：

A．情态动词+完成时：

1）My wallet is nowhere to be found. I ___when I was on the bus. （200506-23）

A. must have dropped it B. must drop it C. should have dropped it D. have dropped it 2）Just as I was leaving the house , it occurred to me that I ____to take my keys . （200406-30）

A. should have forgotten B . have forgotten C. had forgotten D. must have forgotten 答案：1）A，2）D B．过去完成时：

They bought their first house last year , previously they _____to get a loan. （200306-21） A. were able B. weren?t able C. had been able D. hadn?t been able

答案：D

C．将来完成时：

By the time we arrive in London, we ___in Europe for two weeks. （200406-19） A. shall stay B. have stayed C. will have stayed D. have been staying 答案：C 补充练习：

1) Marie is very wet. She ______ in the river.

A. can have fallen B. had to fall C. must have fallen D. needn?t to fall 2) With all this work on hand, he ______ to the cinema last night.

A. mustn?t go B. wouldn?t go C. ought to go D. shouldn?t have gone 3) –Did you blame him for his carelessness? -Yes, but I _______ so.

A.?d rather not do B. shouldn?t do C. ?d better not have done D. shouldn?t have done 4) “Did Ken take the job in the bookstore?” “No, but I think he ______.”

A. will have B. may have C. should have D. must have 5) He _______ more than thirty.

A. mustn?t be B. shouldn?t be C. won?t be D. can?t be 6) You?re right. I _______ of that.

A. should think B. should have thought C. must have thought D. needn?t think 7) As we can?t get there in time, they ______ about our safety.

A. should be worrying B. can be worrying C. must be worrying D. need be worrying 8) I have already know about you; you ______ yourself to me. A. shouldn?t have introduced B. needn?t have introduced C. wouldn?t introduce D. mustn?t introduce 9) Since my wife isn?t answering her telephone, she ________.

A. must have left B. should have left C. can have left D. need have left 10) Since the ditch is full of water, it ______ hard last night.

A. ought to rain B. must have rained C. might have rained D. could rain 11) Next month they_____ in the United States for thirty years. A. are B. have been C. will be D. will have been 12) It _______ for a week and the street were flooded

A. has rained B. had been raining C. was raining D. rained

13) He was caught in a traffic jam and by the time he reached the airport his friend?s plane______. A. has already taken off B. had already taken off C. has been taken off D. had been taken off 14) They told us that they _______ for more than two hours.

A. have waited B. were waiting C. have been waiting D. had been waiting 15) It?s been a long time since I _______. How are you?

A. had last seen you B. saw you last C. have last seen you D. last was seeing you 16) You needn?t hurry her. She ______ it by the time you are ready.

A. will have been finishing B. will finish C. will have finished D. will be finishing 17) -“I have our tickets.”

-“That?s good. I was afraid that you ______ them.”

A. had forgotten B. forgot C. have forgotten D. are forgetting 18) She said that she ______ soon.

A. will go to college B. went to college C. would go to college D. won?t to go to college 19) Last night he went to bed early. When we got there, he ______ to bed already. A. went B. has gone C. had gone D. go 20) I can?t give you an answer before I ______ carefully. A. have been thinking it over B. have thought it over C. think it over D. thought it over

答案：1-5: C D D C D 6-10: B C B A B 11-15: D B B D B 16-20: C A C C B 4. 虚拟语气

虚拟语气是必考项目，每次考查题数常在1-2题左右。

1）带if 的虚拟条件句主要考查 “条件状语从句与过去事实相反时，虚拟语气的表达方式，虚拟条件句用谓语had+过去分词，主句用谓语would/should/could/might + have + 过去分词； 2）省略if 的虚拟条件句： a．一些书面表达的虚拟条件从句并没有使用连接词if，而是将谓语部分的were， had，should或could等移至主语之前，形成一个倒装语序结构。如： Were you in my position（＝If you were in m y position），you would do the same．假如你处在我的位置上，也会这么干的。

Had I time，I would come．假如有时间，我会来的。

b．Were it not for ＋名词／Had it not been for ＋名词，译为“若不是”，“要不是”，“假设没有”。如：

Were it not for the debts（＝If it were not for the debts），we would be all right．假如没有债务，我们的生活会不成问题。

Had it not been for air（＝If it had not been for air），there would have been no living things．如果没有空气，也就没有生物。

3）用介词短语表达的虚拟条件句：条件从句的引导词除if以外，还可以是 when，once，unless，suppose，supposing（仅在问句中用），provided（that），providing（that），granted/given（that），so（as）long as，on condition（that），for fear（that），lest，in case，as if， but that ／only that等等，其中on condition，for fear，in case后面还可跟名词或词组，用of连接。如： When I have gotten my evidence I will come to my conclusions．要是有了证据，我就可以得出结论。

Suppose ／Supposing it rains，what shall we do？（主句有时可以省略）假设下雨，我们怎么办呢？

Once you have promised you must do it．你既已答应，就一定要完成。

So（as）long as we don't lose heart，we'll find a way to overcome the difficulty．只要我们不灰心，就能找到克服困难的办法。

Given/Granted that this is true，what conclusion can you draw？就算这是实际情况，你又能得出什么结论呢？

He managed to finish the work on time for fear that he might be punished（＝for fear of being punished）．因为担心受到惩罚，他设法按时完成工作。 Send us a message in case you have any difficulty（＝in case of any difficulty）．万一有什么困难，请给我们一个信。

He rises early lest he should be late．他早起，以免迟到。 He would have started，but that ／only that it rained．（but that ＋从句可置于主句前或后， only that仅放于主句后）若不是下雨，他早就动身了。

Susan is walking slowly as if she were tired．苏珊走得很慢，就像是累了似的。

4) 建议、主张、命令、紧要等概念的词语虚拟语气词在主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、表语从句中用（should ）+动词原形。考点在：常用的动词有：suggest, propose, desire, request, advise, command, demand, insist, require, order, recommend, beg, prefer, pray(请求), move(提议), maintain(主张), stipulate(规定), direct(命令)等。常用的形容词有：necessary, important, essential, desirable, advisable, imperative(迫切的), urgent, preferable, vital, insistent(坚持的), crucial(紧要关头的)，strange(不可思议的)等。常用的分词有：suggested, proposed, demanded, required, requested, desired, ordered, recommended, insisted, asked, resolved等。常用的名词有：suggestion, proposal, advice, order, request, recommendation, requirement, insistence, stipulation, necessity, command等。 5）在would rather，wish，as if，it?s time that等句型中使用适当形式表达主观愿望, 从句的谓语动词用一般过去式。 例如：

A．虚拟语气在规则条件句中的应用：

If he had followed the doctor?s advice, he _____in good health now. （200306-15）

A. would be B. would have been C. will have been D. will be 答案：B

B．虚拟语气混合条件句中的应用：

1) ________a little earlier this morning ! I missed the school bus by only one minute and had to wait in the cold for nearly an hour. （200312-14）

A. If only I had got up B. If had got up C. If only I get up D. If I got up 2) He talks about Rome as though he ______there himself. （200406-14）

A. was B. were C. had been D. has been 答案：1）A，2）C

C．特殊的虚拟语气词（should ）+do 1）在主语从句中的应用：

It is requested that you ____a speech at the opening ceremony. （200306-14） A. have given B. will give C. gave D. give 答案：D

D．在宾语从句中的应用：

The teacher recommended that each student _____a plan for the summer vacation. （200212-15）

A. would make B. made C. make D. makes 答案：C

E．在同位语从句中的应用：

His proposal that the money ____to build a nursery school was accepted. （200506-21） A. was used B. should be used C. were used D. would be used 答案：B 补充练习：

1) I?d rather you _____ anything about it to anyone for the time being.

A. wouldn?t say B. hadn?t say C. didn?t say D. shouldn?t say 2) He offered to write it out for her, lest she ______ it.

A. should forget B. would get C. forgot D. forgets

3) It was proposed that this matter ______ at the next meeting. A. would be considered B. would have been considered C. should have been considered D. be considered

4) _______ no electronic computers, there would have been no artificial satellites or rockets. A. Had there been B. if there were C. Should there be D. If there are

5) Without computer, we _____ such tremendous medical advances in the last few decades. A. would no have made B. could not make

C. should not make D. must not have made 6) But for electricity, the whole world_______.

A. Had not developed so rapidly B. would not have developed so rapidly C. did not develop so rapidly D. has not been developed so rapidly 7) The chairman requested that _______.

A. the members studied more carefully the problem B. the problem was more carefully studied

C. with more carefulness the problem more carefully D. the members study the problem more carefully 8) _______, he would have been able to pass the exam.

A. If he studied more B. If he were studying to a greater degree C. Had he studied more D. Studying more 9) ______ today, he would get there by Friday.

A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves 10) Look at the clock! It?s time ______ home.

A. we?ll go B. we went C. we?re going D. we would go 11) It was ordered that ______ put in order.

A. the classroom to be B. the classroom be C. the classroom to D. the classroom was 12) Jane appears as though she ______ the secret.

A. knows B. has known C. is knowing D. knew 13) ______ the fog, we should have reached our destinations.

A. Because of B. In spite of C. In case of D. But for 14) We must stop now. It is time we ______ home.

A. have gone B. are going C. were going D. will go

15) ______ what you intended, I should not have wasted my time trying to explain matters to you. A. I realized B. Should I realized C. Had I realized D. I had realized 答案： 1-5: C A D A A 6-10: B D C C B 11-15: B D D C C

5. 倒装结构

倒装、省略、特殊句型（强调句型等）为轮考或选考，题数1-2题。一般只考部分倒装。 考点： 1）以否定词never, little, nowhere, rarely, seldom, scarcely, hardly, no sooner, in no case, at no time, on no account, under no circumstances, by no means等开头等引导的句子作部分倒装。如以下句子：

Never did I have that experience before.

At no time and in no circumstances should we place our personal interest first. 在任何时候、任何情况下我们都不应该把个人利益放在首位。 No sooner had he arrived there than he fell ill.

Hardly had she fallen asleep when a knock at the door awakened her. 2）only+状语位于句首表示强调；如：

Only after you have received the telegram can you know the time of his arrival. Only once did his father discuss his future with him.

3) 当句首为一些频度状语，如：often, many a time, long等。 Often did we warn them not to do so.

Many a time has Mike given me good advice.

真题演练：

1) We have been told that under no circumstances ___ the telephone in the office for personal

affairs.

A. we could use B. may we use C. we may use D. did we use

（200406-17）

2) On no account ______to anyone who works in the company. （200506-25）

A. must mention my name B. my name must mention C. my name must be mentioned D. must my name be mentioned 3) Only after hundred of experiments ___in solving the problem. （200306-17）

A. had they succeeded B. they did succeed C. did they succeed D. they had succeeded

4) Never before that night _______ so great my responsibility was. (200312-17)

A. I had felt B. I felt C. did I felt D. had I felt

5) Only in a few countries _______ a reasonable standard of living. (200512-13)

A. does the whole population enjoy B. do the whole population enjoy C. the whole population enjoys D. the whole population enjoy

答案：答案：1）B，2）D, 3) C, 4) D, 5) A 补充练习：

1) ______notebook and report that I promised you last week.

A. Here is the B. Here are the C. Is here the D. Are here the 2) _____ a little more time to think, he might have acted more sensibly. A. If he took B. If he has taken C. Had he taken D. Should he take 3) Beneath our feet ____ that our life depends on for food and clothing. A. the earth lay B. the earth lies C. lie the earth D. lies the earth

4) _____ the beginning of the 19th century did scientists know that all matter is made up of atoms.

A. At B. By C. Up to D. Not until 5) On no account _____ to anyone

A. my name must be mentioned B. must my name mention C. must my name be mentioned D. my name must mention 6) Not until I shouted at the top of my voice _____ his head.

A. that he turned B. did he turn C. he didn't turn D. he had turned

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