《工程事故预防与控制实例研究》

摘要

近年来，中国经济建设和城市建设的发展越来越快，建筑行业中的地下工程的数目越来越多，规模也越来越大，这就要求施工单位对建筑基础土方进行正确的施工。土方施工是施工项目中最重要的环节之一，它不仅是施工项目的基础，也是建设项目的核心内容。如果在工程施工中，没有保障土方工程的施工质量，那么就会影响整个建筑工程的结构可靠性。因此，必须做好施工中的施工技术控制管理。然而，由于城市建设规模的不断扩大，建筑安全事故的发生越来越多，而深基坑施工中的问题尤为严重。因此，我们要做好土方工程施工中的安全事故的分析和预防，这是施工对施工安全施工的重要意义。本文以土方工程施工安全事故分析和预防为研究对象，以解决土方施工安全问题。

土方工程是建筑工程中主的分部分项工程之一，包括土的挖掘、运输、填筑和压实等主过程，以及所需的排水、降水和土壁支撑的设计、施工准备的辅助过程。由于设计、施工、组织等原因，在土方施工安全事故发生时，在建筑施工安全事故发生的事故中，近年来呈上升趋势，并成为继高处坠落、触电、物体打击和机器伤害“四大伤害”后的第五大伤害事故。“五大伤害事故”占建筑安全事故总数的86．6％，而土方工程中塌方伤害事故占坍塌事故总数的65％，可见土方坍塌给施工安全带来了严重的危害。针对土方施工安全采取了相应的防范措施，避免了安全隐患的工作。

关键词：土方工程安全事故的分析安全事故的预防

Abstract

With the recent rapid development of China's economic development and urban construction, underground engineering construction industry, more and more increasing scale, which requires the construction unit of the building foundation earth excavation proper construction. The building construction earthworks are the most important part, it is not only the foundation construction project, or core construction works. If the construction, the quality of its construction earthworks no effective protection, it will affect the structural reliability of the entire building project. So we building construction, we must do a good job of building earthworks construction technology control management. However, due to the expanding urban construction, with the corresponding construction safety accident rate is also on the rise, especially in the presence of deep foundation earthwork construction problems are more serious. So, how to improve the safety of earthworks construction accident analysis and prevention, is important for the safety of construction building earthworks. In this paper, earthworks construction safety Accident Analysis and Prevention to investigate the object, the main settlement earthworks construction safety issues.

Earthwork engineering is one of the main parts of the project construction, including soil mining, transportation, filling and compaction etc. the main process, and the required drainage, precipitation and soil wall support design and construction for the auxiliary process. Due to the design, construction, organization and other reasons, in the event of earthwork construction safety accidents, safety accidents in construction accidents, the upward trend in recent years, and become the fifth big falls, electric shock, injury and machine damage against objects \injuries\after the injury accident. Five major injury accidents accounted for 86.6% of the total number of construction safety accidents, and earthwork landslides accounted for 65% of the total collapse of the total number of accidents, the collapse of the earth to the construction safety has brought serious harm. In view of the earthwork construction safety to take the corresponding preventive measures, to avoid the work of safety hazards.

Keywords: earthworks construction safety accident analysis safety and accident prevention

目 录

第一章土方工程施工工艺 ................. 错误！未定义书签。

1.1基坑土方开挖方法 .............................. 错误！未定义书签。 1.1.1土方开挖准备 ................................ 错误！未定义书签。 1.1.2土方开挖方案的选择 .......................... 错误！未定义书签。 1.1.3土方开挖图的绘制 ............................ 错误！未定义书签。 1.1.4基坑的机械开挖方法 .......................... 错误！未定义书签。 1.2回填土施工方法 ................................................. 2 1.2.1人工夯实方法 ................................ 错误！未定义书签。 1.2.2机械压实方法 ................................ 错误！未定义书签。 1.3填土压实方法 ................................................... 4 1.3.1碾压法 ....................................................... 4 1.3.2夯实法 ...................................... 错误！未定义书签。 1.3.3振动压实法 .................................. 错误！未定义书签。

第二章土方工程施工安全事故原因分析 ..... 错误！未定义书签。

2.1土方工程施工安全主要问题 ...................... 错误！未定义书签。 2.2土方工程滑坡的产生原因 ......................................... 4 2.3土方工程边坡塌方和土方坍塌的产生原因 ........................... 4

第三章土方工程施工安全事故预防措施 ...................... 4

3.1做好土方开挖准备工作 ........................................... 5 3.2土方开挖施工安全控制措施 ....................................... 5 3.2.1制定科学合理的开挖方案 ....................................... 5 3.2.2掌握施工场地有关情况 ......................................... 5 3.2.3强化土方开挖中的施工措施 ..................................... 5 3.2.4土方施工中可能出现的不安全状态的预防措施 ..................... 5 3.3土方开挖的安全防护措施 ......................................... 6 3.4土方工程滑坡的预防措施 ......................................... 6

第四章案例分析 .......................................... 8

4.1做好土方开挖准备工作 ........................................... 8 4.2土方开挖施工安全控制措施 ....................................... 8

4.3制定科学合理的开挖方案 ......................................... 9

结论 ................................................... 10

致谢 ................................................... 11 参考文献 ............................................... 12

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