上海市崇明区2018届高三英语二模

上海市崇明区2018届高三二模 II. Grammar and vocabulary Section A

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

China’s Good Samaritan Law (见义勇为法)Takes Effect

China’s Good Samaritan Law went into effect on October 1 to encourage people who are ready to help others. Under the law, people how voluntarily offer emergency assistance to those who are, or who they believe to be, injured, ill or in danger, will not have civil responsibility in the event of harm to the victims.

The new law aims to ease the reluctance people feel toward helping strangers for fear of legal consequences if they make mistakes in treatment. It is a response to the phenomenon of people (21)__________ (hesitate) to help fallen senior citizens due to concern that they might be blackmailed(讹诈)later.

There has been no shortage of cases over the past decade (22)________ people hesitated to offer assistance to those who are in need. And some good Samaritans have been blackmailed for charitable acts. In 2011, a two-year-old girl known as Xiao Yueyue was run over by two cars, and 18 people passed by (23)_____ offering emergency help. The girl died after days of medical treatment. In 2014, a man from Guangdong Province aided a senior citizen, but (24)__________(accuse) of knocking him down. The man committed suicide when (25)__________(face) with demands for a large sum of money.

These cases (26)_________(arouse) debate about morality and heroism in China in recent years. “If you don’t provide help, you will blame yourself, but if you do help, you are likely (27)________(hurt) by the people you help. It is really a difficult choice,” one netizen said on Sina Weibo.

(28)______there had been calls for a national Good Samaritan law, only a few cities pushed ahead with such laws before the nationwide law came into effect.

However, some experts are concerned (29)_________ there could be some danger from a nationwide Good Samaritan Law. “Rescuers who know little about first aid could bring serious harm to people in critical conditions,” said Yang Lixin, a professor at the Renmin University of China. He hoped the government (30)_________introduce details of the policy soon while encouraging people to voluntarily offer assistance. Section B

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. shock B. guesses C. secondary D. tracks E. detailed F. printed G. claimed l H. prospect I. influential J. recognized K. created Bob Dylan Wins a Nobel Prize in Literature Bob Dylan has won the 2016 Nobel Prize in literature. The productive musician is the first Nobel winner to have followed a career primarily as a singer-songwriter. What’s more, he’s also the first American to have won the prize in more than two decades. Not since novelist Toni Morrison won in 1993 has an American 31 the prize.

Dylan earned the prize “for having 32 new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition,” according to the statement by the Swedish Academy, the committee that annually decides the winter of the Nobel Prize. The academy’s permanent secretary, Sara Danius, announced the news Thursday.

The win comes as something of a(n) 33 . As usual, the Swedish Academy did not announce a shortlist of nominees(被提名者), leaving the betting markets to their best 34 . And while Dylan has enjoyed favor as an outside shot for the award, the 35 that the musician would be the one to break the Americans’ long dry period was regarded as unlikely---especially because he made his career mainly on the stage, not the 36 page.

Yet few would argue Dylan has been anything but 37 , both in the U. S. and beyond its borders. The productive singer, songwriter and multi-instrumentalist has produced dozens of albums. Dylan, who was born Robert Allen Zimmerman in 1941, “has the status of an idol(偶像),” the Swedish Academy wrote. “His influence on contemporary

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music is significant, and he is the object of a steady stream of 38 literature.”

In an interview following the announcement, Danius 39 the Swedish Academy’s decision: “He is a great poet in the English-speaking tradition, and he is a wonderful sampler—a very original sampler,” Danius explained. “For 54 years now he has been at it and reinventing himself, constantly creating a new identity.”

And for his work, he has been 40 by critical community. Dylan has won Grammys, an Academy Award, a Golden Globe and a Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian honor in the U. S. Now, to the honors Dylan has added a Nobel.

III. Reading Comprehension Section A

The Companies Doing the Most to Make Their Employees Happier

Fat paychecks, light workloads, and endless vacation days don’t necessarily add to happy employee. In fact, the happiest employees in the U. S. owe their happiness to first-rate employee motivations, sufficient benefits, career advancement programs, and great work-life balance. The companies that have been the most devoted to cultivating and advancing these things in the past year have seen employee happiness 41 .

The jobs site CareerBliss.com just announced the winners of this year’s “Leap Awards,” which honor the companies that have made the biggest leaps to improve employee happiness year-over-year. CareerBliss evaluated more than 250,000 company reviews and ratings it received from 42 nationwide to determined the top 50 deserving companies. To 43 the list, each company had to have at least 50 reviews.

“The Leap Awards are important because they highlight 44 in our workforce,” says CareerBliss’s chief executive, Heidi Golledge. CaareerBliss asked the respondents to evaluate the key factors that 45 work happiness, including work-life balance, one’s relationship with the boss and co-workers, the work environment, job resources, salary, growth opportunities, company culture, company reputation, daily tasks, and job 46 . Each respondent valued each of these things on a 1-to-5 scale, and indicated how important each was to their overall happiness at work. These numbers were 47 to find an average rating of overall employee happiness for each company. These averages were compared to last year’s numbers to find which companies had 48 the most.

“Every employer who receives a Leap Award should 49 their workplace happiness initiatives,” says Golledge. “Even though we are coming out of a difficult time, it is 50 to see companies putting their efforts into providing a great environment for their employees. These efforts in workplace happiness will ensure that their employees will be around for years to come, as happiness breeds 51 .”

“We find each year that work-life balance is a key factor in determining employee happiness,” says Golledge. “Employee want to know that they can balance their career with their family and personal life. Often this 52 over things like salary. Having programs that allow managers to offer employees flexibility can be a key factor in creating a happy work environment. 53 , we see career advancement programs have a big impact on overall employee happiness. Often employees would rather take a job for a 54 salary, if the company provides a comprehensive program which will help grow their career. Employees want to learn, develop and sustain a successful career path.”

“Workplace happiness is the core of CareerBliss mission,” Miller says, “An individual’s happiness at work will create happiness throughout all areas of their life, and 55 a company with a happy , motivated workforce will see exceptional results in its products and services.’’ 41. A. soar B. change C. cease D. disappear 42. A. netizens B. administrators C. candidates D. employees 43. A. make up B. quality for C. count on D. refer to 44. A. change B. power C. duty D. variety 45. A. lay in B. resulted from C. focused on D. contributed to 46. A. analysis B. vacancy C. flexibility D. responsibility 47. A. applied B. combined C. compared D. remembered 48. A. benefited B. improved C. changed D. produced 49. A. approve of B. account for C. take pride in D. get used to

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50. A. good 51. A. profit 52. A. turns 53. A. However 54. A. lower 55. A. obviously Section B

B. easy B. honesty B. runs B. Otherwise B. fair B. frankly C. impossible C. creativity C. advantages C. Besides C. regular C. fortunately D. interesting D. loyalty D. skips D. Instead D. similar D. similarly

(A)

In the world of higher education in the United States, competition seems more common than schools working together. Every college and university competes for students, as well as the best teachers and money for research programs.

But one thing almost every school has in common is the difficulty they face in serving low-income students. The National Center for Education Statistics reports that low-income college students are less likely to complete their study programs than other students.

It was only natural that the leaders of Michigan State University and ten other universities discussed this issue when they met in 2014. The 11 schools are spread across the United Sates and serve different populations and needs. But their leaders all saw improving graduation rates for all students as the biggest problem facing American higher education.

So the group created an organization called the University Innovation Alliance or UIA for sharing information related to this problem. Its main goal is to get 68,000 more students at the member schools to graduate by 2025, with at least half of those students being low-income. The 11 schools now say their number of graduates has increased by over 7,200 in just three years. This includes an almost 25 percent increase in the number of low-income graduates.

How were they able to make this happen? It began with each university looking at its own situation and finding out what it had been doing right and what it had been doing wrong.

For example, before joining the UIA, academic advising at Michigan State mostly involved reacting to problems students faced after the problems had already arisen. Then school officials heard about a computer program that fellow UIA member Georgia State University was using. This computer program follows decisions students make about their classes and the progress they are making in their studies. It then sends academic advisors messages whenever a student shows signs that they are making mistakes or facing difficulties. Hat way the advisors can try to help students before the problems become too serious. Michigan State began using the computer program and it has meant a world of difference. Michigan States has not only received useful information from its parents. It has also shared helpful information of its own.

Bridget Burns, the executive director for the UIA, says efforts like this have never been as successful. “There are rankings that measure all kinds of things,” Burns said. “But how well you do for low-income students has not historically been highlighted.”

56. What led to the setting up of the UIA?

A. The low graduation rates B. The great need of low-income students. C. The inefficiency of learning D. The severe competition between schools 57. The UIA functions in such a way as the member universities ____.

A. find out their own graduation rates B. share and follow each other’s good practice C. make joint efforts to aid students financially D. popularize computer programs among students 58. By “it has meant a world of difference” in paragraph 6, the author means Michigan State__________. A. has found the computer program quite different from theirs B. has discovered the computer program is very difficult to use C. has helped students successfully with the computer program D. has involved more academic advisors in the computer program 59. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A. Universities Highlighting Their Efforts for Low-Incomes

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B. Universities Computing for Better Students and Teachers C. Universities Working Together to Help Poor Students D. Universities Creating the UIA to Share Information

(B) We want to make the world a better, fairer place. We want to keep the powerful honest. And we believe that doing so means keeping society informed by producing quality, independent journalism, which discovers and tells readers the truth. It’s essential for the functioning of democracy. And our unique ownership structure means no one can tell us to drop a story. But it’s difficult and expensive work. While more people are reading the Guardian than ever before, far fewer are paying for it. and advertising incomes across the media are falling fast. So if you read us, if you like us, if you value our perspective—then become a Supporter and help make our future more secure. Supporters get closer to the Guardian As a Guardian Supporter, you’ll enjoy a number of benefits, including: ◆Excusive emails from Guardian journalists ◆An ad-free experience on our mobile app ◆Joining the global Guardian Members community ◆A welcome gift Most importantly of all, you’ll appreciate every word that you read, in the knowledge that you’ve helped to bring it to the page. Why do we need our Supporters? Like many other media organizations, the Guardian is operating in an incredibly challenging financial climate. Our advertising incomes are falling fast. We have huge numbers of readers, and we are increasingly reliant upon their financial support. We don’t have a wealthy owner pulling the strings. No shareholders, advertisers or billionaire owners can edit our editor. Our owner, the Scott Trust, protects our editorial independence from commercial or political interference(干涉).

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It reinvests income into our journalism, not into shareholders’ pockets. But while the Scott Trust ensures our independence, we need our Supporters, now more than ever before, to help secure our future. We know that not everyone is in a position to become a Supporter. But if you can, you’ll be an essential pat of our mission to make the world a better, fairer place, for everyone. 60. The above webpage mainly aims to _________. A. raise funds from readers B. inform readers of quality journalism C. attract more readers D. guarantee readers a secure future 61. Which of the following is a difficulty the Guardian is facing?

A. It’s losing its editorial independence B. It’s becoming increasingly reliant on its owner C. It’s profiting much less from advertising D. It’s operating in a challenging political climate 62. What can be inferred from the webpage?

A. Some billionaire owners are the Guardian’s editors B. The Guardian is independent financially and politically C. Shareholders can interfere with the Guardian’s journalism D. Guardian Supporters can put ads on the mobile app for free

(C)

A new kind of production was underway on the set of the NBC comedy Superstore. Social media stars were crafting 30-second videos to post on their social media channels ahead of the comedy’s second-season return. Each made sure to mention Superstore and its first public show.

As networks and studios struggle to reach young audiences in an increasingly fragmented(碎片化的)media marketplace, many have turned to so-called influencers—online stars whose is measured by the size of their Internet followings—as a means of generating awareness. Advertisers are seizing on the strategy in an age of commercial-skipping and ad-blockers. Word of mouth in the digital age means messages travel faster by way of social media. The majority of consumers worldwide trust online recommendations from stars. And when Superstore gave its first public show, it did so to higher ratings than the last show of Season 1.

Studio and network executives say they work with influencers to build brand awareness and reputation in a more friendly way through the friend-like connections consumers feel toward the online personalities they follow. At the upper level, influencers typically have thousands of followers on social media and online content platforms and count many millions of people who tune in daily to watch them. Some do something that makes themselves look stupid in their daily routine, sharing videos of their trips to the grocery store or dinner dates. Others have built careers on performances—making comedy videos, reviewing video games, performing magic tricks and teaching cooking lessons, among other pursuits.

When in the employ of studios, their efforts can be as simple as publicizing a film or more involved attempts like the marketing push for Superstore. Entertainment companies declined to discuss how much they pay influencers. But several experts said their pay ranges from a few thousand dollars to several million. Some simply receive gift baskets instead of pay.

Over the last year or so, some entertainment companies have begun to cast influencers in their TV and film projects. The strategy is a bit of gamble: It’s a new business model, and questions remain about the effectiveness of using these personalities to improve a show’s ratings—or help open a movie. Just how much influence the influencers have is hard to measure. TV ratings and box-office returns do not reveal what caused a viewer to tune in.

What is clear is that these personalities aren’t necessarily getting the work because of their acting skills, but often because of their Internet followings. Yet as social media stars consider whether to take on jobs promoting movies and TV shows, there’s an important consideration for both parties: the credibility of a campaign. “Fans are definitely award when they’re being tempted with promotional posts,” said Zach King, a social media star who performs magic tricks. “It has to be something that is natural and fits with the image of the creator.”

63. Why did social media stars post short videos on their channels before Superstore’s second season?

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