动名词作主语和宾语12

动名词作主语和宾语

一、概念

动名词

doing现在分词

done to do

2.动名词：它是一种兼有动词和名词特征的 非谓语动词形式。基本形式为:v-ing, 动名词 具有名词的性质，因此在句中主要作主语、 宾语，在某些条件下亦可作表语、定语等。 动名词有时态和语态的变化。 二、用法 1. 动名词作主语。 注意谓语动词要用单数。 Reading is an art. 阅读是一门艺术。 Playing with fire is dangerous. Climbing mountains is really fun. Getting up early is a good habit.

动名词作主语的其他类型： 1)用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(动名 词或短语)置于句尾。注意这种用法仅限于 某些名词和形容词的固定搭配中，如： It’s no use(useless) /good doing … 干…是没 是没 用/没好处的 没好处的 It is no use crying over the spilt milk. 洒掉的牛奶哭也没用。 It’s no use/good arguing with her. 和她争吵是没有用的。 It’s (no) fun doing… 干… 是有(无)趣的 是有( It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩 真好。

It is a shame doing… 干… 是可耻的。 是可耻的。 It`s a shame copying other`s homework. It’s a waste of time doing …干..是浪费时间的 干 是浪费时间的 It’s a waste of time waiting here. 在这里等着是浪费时间。 2) 用于there be 结构中 There is no point (in) doing… ) 做…是没有意义的 是没有意义的 There’s no point (in) getting angry. 发火没有意义。

3)动名词的复合结构作主语 Tom’s coming surprised us. His being careless led to the accident. 4)用于布告形式的省略结构中。

No smoking( =No smoking is allowed (here) ).

No parking.

注意问题：

1)动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。 Reading books widens our knowledge. 读书增长我们的知识。 2)动名词的被动式(being done),也可当主语。 Being laughed at is a painful thing. 被人取笑是件令人痛苦的事。 Being exposed to sunlight for too long time will do harm to one's skin. 长期暴露在阳光下对皮肤有害。 3) 动名词的否定式，是在doing前加上not. Not working hard will result in failure. His not coming back made us worried.

4) 动词不定式和动名词都可以做主语。在意 义上相近。但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象 或习惯性动作；不定式多用来表示特指或某 次具体的动作。 _____(Walking/To walk) is a good form of exercise for both young and old. _____(Walking/To walk) in the garden is what I want to do this afternoon. 2.动名词作宾语 动名词既可作动词宾语，又可作介词宾语。 如：I enjoy learning English. How about meeting outside the theatre?

具体用法如下： 1)某些动词(短语)只能用动名词作宾语， 不能用不定式。常见的类似动词(短语)有： finish(完成), enjoy(享受), practise(练习), keep(保

持),mind(介意),miss(错过), imagine(想象), advise/suggest(建议), admit(承认), avoid(避免), risk(冒险), escape(逃避),allow/permit(允许), dislike appreciate(感激), understand(理解), delay/postpone(延期),mention(提及), deny(否认), quit(停止),excuse/pardon (原谅) resist(抵抗),forbid(禁止) feel like(想要)

2)某些短语(特别是某些含有介词的短语) 后，需要用动名词作宾语。类似的常用短语 有： ①常用的带介词 to 短语有:lead to /look forward to/devote… to /pay attention to/be(get)used to/get down to (开始认真干) /object to/be opposed to(反对)/ be addicted to (沉溺于) ②其他:can’t help (情不自禁)/insist on/feel like/put off(推迟)/can’t bear/ stand(不能忍受) feel like/ succeed in/depend on /be fond of/be worth/ in addition to/have difficulty in doing

3) 某些词后既可加不定式又可加动名词，但

意义截然不同，需要引起极大注意！如： go on to do (做完一件事后)接着做另一件事 go on doing 继续做(原来做的事) After a break, the teacher went on ____ (to give /giving) his lesson After finishing his home work, he went on____ (sweeping/to sweep) the floor. remember to do 记着要做 (动作未发生) remember doing 记得做过(动作已发生)

I remembered to post the letter. 我要记住把信寄出去。(未寄) I remembered posting/having post the letter. 我记得把信寄出去。 (已寄) forget to do 忘了去做 (没做) forget doing/having done 忘记以前曾做过 (做过忘了) I forgot to post the letter. 我忘了去寄信。(没寄) I forgot posting/having post the letter. 我忘了曾寄过信了。(寄了，但忘了)

regret to do (say/tell/inform/announce…) 遗憾地… (对将要做的事抱歉) regret doing/having done 后悔做了… (对已经发生的事感到后悔) I regret ______ (say) I can’t come. I regret _______(spend) so much money the on car. mean to do 打算做(主语一般是人) mean doing 意味着(主语一般是物) You really mean _____ (go) Being late means _____ (wait) for another hour.

try to do 设法 /尽力/努力去做 try doing 尝试着去做(看有何结果) Since the front door won’t open, why not try _____ (open) the back door? Try _____ (write) better in your exam. stop to do 停下来做(另一件事) stop doing 停止做(原来做的事) He stopped ____ (say) to his teacher on the way. When the bell rang, we stopped ______ (talk) can’t help (to) do 不能帮助做 can’t help doing 禁(忍)不住做

I can’t help ______ (cook). I’m too busy. On hearing joke, they couldn’t help _____(laugh) be used to do 被用来做 be used to doing 习惯于/适应于 Wood is used to ____ (make) paper. He has been used to_______ (get) up early. 4) 动名词表示被动意义: 动词 need, require, want 表示“需要”时，其 后跟动

名词的主动形式或不定式的被动式作 宾语。即: doing need/want/require+ to be done

The door needs/wants/requires _______(repair) _________ 类似的还有：deserve (值得；应当) He deserves ___________ (praise) 3. 动名词的复合结构 复合结构 1)含义：动名词前面有自己独立的逻辑主语， )含义： 这便构成了动名词的复合结构。 2)构成：物主代词 / 名词所有格 + 动名词 )构成：物主代词 3)性质与作用：动名词的复合结构在意义上 )性质与作用： 相当于一个句子，但实际上是一个名词结构， 故在句中作主语、宾语或表语。

1)作主语 ) Mary`s coming late made her teacher angry. 玛丽来晚了，这使得她的老师很生气。 His coming here surprised us. 他的到来使我们很惊讶。 His being late made me angry. 2) 作动词或介词的宾语 Do you mind my/me smoking? I insist on Mary’s/Mary going there. 我坚持要玛丽到那儿去。 I heard of your/you being ill. 我没听说你病了。

3) 作表语 What’s most important is Tom’s going there at once. 最为重要的是汤姆要立即去那里。 The problem is their not having enough money. 问题是他们没有足够的钱。 注意: 若动名词的复合结构作宾语，其中的物 : 主代词可由人称代词的宾格形式代替；名词 所有格可由名词普通格代替。但作主语时不 可这样代替。Do you mind my/me smoking? I insist on Mary’s/Mary going there. Mary’s(不可用Mary) being ill made her mother worried.

4. 动名词的时态和语态 动名词的时态和语态 1)构成：动名词没有人称和数的变化，但有 时态和语态的变化。动名词的时态分一般式 时态分一般式 和完成式两种，语态分主动形式和被动形式 语态分主动形式和被动形式。 和完成式 语态分主动形式和被动形式 具体如下： 一般式的主动语态：doing 一般式的被动语态：being done 完成式的主动语态：having done 完成式的被动语态：having been done 图解如下: 图解如下

动名词的时态和语态 主动形式 一般式 完成式 doing having done 被动形式 being done having been done

3)用法： (1)一般式 doing/being done 的用法 当动名词所表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生 或发生在谓语动词之后或不强调(没有)明确 的先后关系时，用一般式。 He kept smiling. (与谓语动作同时发生) I am thinking of going there.(发生在谓语之后) Finding work is difficult. (没有明确先后关系) 若动作表示被动，要用 being done 这种形式. He did it without ______ (ask). No one enjoys _____ (laugh) at. He was lucky to escape ______ (kill)

(2) 完成式：having done/having been done用法 如果要动名词所表示的动作(明显的)发生 在谓语动作之前发生，则可用用动名词的完 成形式；若表被动，要用having been done的 形式。 I c

an’t remember _______ (meet)him. I regret _________ (not take) her advice. He admitted ________ (do) wrong. I can’t remember __________ (give) the chance to do it. He didn’t mention _________ (beat) by others.

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