高中英语 Unit2 Language重点词汇讲解 牛津译林版必修3

U2 重点词汇讲解

Reading

1. confuse v. 使迷惑，使困惑

1) The heavy traffic confused the new driver. 繁忙的交通使司机不知所措。

2) We tried to confuse the enemy. 我们试图迷惑敌人。

【拓展】

confusing adj. 令人迷惑的，令人不解的

3) Your explanation is confusing. 你的解释令人迷惑。

confused adj. 感到迷惑的，感到不解的

4) I am confused about the problem. 对这个问题，我很困惑。

5) If the situation is confusing, you will get confused. 如果形势令人困惑，你会被弄糊涂的。

6) There is a confused look/expression on his face. 他脸上露出迷惑的表情。2. be made up of …由……组成，可与consist of 互换

1) The class is made up of 15 girl students and 20 boy students.

= The class consists of 15 girl students and 20 boy students.

班级由15个女生和20个男生组成。

注意两者作定语时的区别

a group made up of five doctors and 10 nurses

= a group consisting of five doctors and 10 nurses

【拓展】:

be made of/be made from/be made out of 由……制成

b e made into 被制成

make up 组成，编制，弥补，化妆，和解

make for 走向……；有助于……

make out 理解，辨认出

2) The old building is made of stone. 这幢老房子是由石头建成的。

3) The wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是由葡萄酿制而成的。

4) Her dress is made out of her sister’s old dress. 她的衣服是用她姐姐的旧衣

服改做的。

5) She made the material into a dress. 她用这种布料做了一条裙子。

6) Eleven players make up a football team. 11个队员组成了一个足球队。

7) Uncle Dick made up an interesting story for the children.

迪克叔叔给孩子们编了一个有趣的故事。

8) We have to drive fast to make up the time we lost in New York.

我们得开快点以弥补在纽约失去的时间。

9) The actors were making u p when we arrived. 我们到的时候，演员们正在化妆。

10) He and his wife usually make up their quarrel the same day.

他和妻子吵架通常当天就言归于好。

11) As soon as it started to rain, we made for home.

天一开始下雨，我们就朝家里走去。

12) Does early rising make for good health? 早起有助于健康吗？

13) It was difficult to make out his handwriting. 他的书写很难辨认。

14) I couldn’t make out what he wanted on earth. 我不明白他到底要什么。

3. occupy vt. 占领，占有；使从事，使忙于

1) Enemy troops occupied the country. 敌军占领了这个国家。

2) He was occupied in collecting stamps. 他忙于集邮。

【拓展】

occupy oneself in(with) sth. 忙于

4. lead to 通到；导致

1) This road leads to the hotel. 这条路通到旅馆。

2) Smoking can lead to lung cancer. 抽烟可能导致肺癌。

5. contribution 贡献，促进作用

contribution n. 可构成词组 make a contribution

1) They made a great contribution to the development of our society.

他们为社会发展做出了巨大的贡献。

【拓展】

contribute捐助；贡献；投稿等，常和to连用

2) We contributed food and clothing to the poor. 我们捐助了食物和衣物救济贫民。

3) He has contributed (articles) to the magazine for several years.

他为这家杂志撰稿好几年了。

6. take control of …控制，取得对……的控制

1) It's no easy task to take control of a class of young children.

管住一个班的小孩子可不是件容易的事。

【拓展】

have/hold control of/over 控制着

in control (of) 控制着，出于统治地位

lose control of …失去对……的控制

out of control 失去控制，无法控制

under control （被）控制住

7. rule v. 统治

1) Today, most kings and queens rule (their countries) only in a formal way, without

real power.

当今大部分的国王和王后只是象征性地统治（他们的国家），没有实权。

rule也可做名词，意为“统治”，常构成词组under one’s rule 或under the rule of sb.

意为“在某人的统治之下”

2) Under the queen’s rule/the rule of Elizabeth I, Britain became the number one power of the world.

在那位女王/伊丽莎白一世的统治下，英国成为世界第一大国。

8. replace vt. 替换，代替，取代相当于词组take the place of。常构成词组replace

A with B, 意为用B代替A。

1) Tourism has replaced heavy industry as the city’s ma in source of income. = Tourism has taken the place of heavy industry as the city’s main source of income.

旅游业已经取代重工业成为这座城市的主要收入来源。

2) Today many high schools have replaced blackboards with whiteboards.

今天许多中学用白色书写板取代了黑板。

9. include vt. 包括，强调包罗并使之成为一部分

1) The price includes both house and furniture. 这个价格包括房子及家具的价格。

常用including和included引出一解释性短语，including位于该短语前，included 位于该短语后。

2) They will send you the book for $3, postage included.

他们将把这本书寄给你，包括邮资共三美元。

3) At least 80 people were injured, including five policemen.

至少有80人受伤，包括5个警察。

【辨析】

contain意思是“包含，容纳”，侧重于容器中“装有，含有”

4) How much oil can the bottle contain? 这只瓶子能装多少油?

5) Apples contain water and sugar. 苹果含有水和糖分。

10. pronunciation n.发音（法），语音

a word with two pronunciations 有两种发音的单词

1) You pronunciation is very good. 你的发音很好。

pronounce vt. 发音，读音；正式宣布（或公布）

2) How do you pronounce your surname? 你的姓怎么读?

3) She examined the product and pronounced he rself pleased with their work.

她检查了产品，宣布对他们的工作很满意。

11. depend on 取决于；依靠，信赖。其中on可用upon替换。

1) We might n eed more cars, depending on/upon the number of people gathering here.

我们也许需要更多的车辆，这要看有多少人聚集到这里。

2) You can depend on him, for he is a man of his word.

你可以信赖他，因为他是个守信用的人。

【拓展】

dependent adj. 依赖的；受……影响的

independent adj. 独立的

dependence n. 依靠

independence n. 独立

3) He gradually becomes dependent on alcohol. 他渐渐对酒精产生了依赖。

4) You should learn to be independent of your parents. 你应该学着不要依赖父母。

5) Our relationship is based on mutual dependence. 我们的关系建立在相互依存的基础上。

6) India gained independence for Britain in 1947. 印度于1947年脱离英国获得独立。

Grammar and usage

1. promise v. 许诺，答应。后面接直接宾语再接不定式，从句，名词代词或不接直接宾语。

1) Dad promised (me) to buy me a laptop, but he broke his own word.

爸爸答应过（我）要给我买个笔记本电脑，但是他失信了。

2) The student prom ised (the librarian) that all books would be returned by Friday.

那个学生答应（图书管理员）在周五之前归还所有的书。

3) He promised his wife a coat for her birthday.

他答应他的妻子买件外套作为生日礼物。

4) ---She’s not coming tonight. 她今晚不会来了。

---But she promised! 但是她答应过的！

promise作动词还表示“有希望……，可能会（有）”

5) These discussions promise future storm. 这些争论有可能引起今后的风波。

promise 还可以作名词，意为“诺言,许诺”

6) If you make a promise, you must keep it. 假如你做出了许诺，就必须做到。

2. ban vt. 禁止，取缔。过去式和过去分词都为banned.

1) Swimming in this river is banned. 禁止在此河中游泳。

ban sb. from doing sth. 意为“禁止某人做某事”

2) The government needs to do something to b an people from advertising illegal things on the Internet.

政府应该采取措施禁止人们在网上做广告宣传违法物品。

ban也可做可数名词，意为“禁令，禁止”，表示“对……的禁令”时常用a ban on …的结构。

3) There is a ban on smoking in this school. 这所学校禁止抽烟。

3. spread n. vt&vi 传播

1) The spread of AIDS in the last few years has been alarming.

过去几年里艾滋病的传播令人惊慌。

2) I will tell you a secret, but you must promise not to spread it around.

我要告诉你一个秘密，但是你必须保证不会将它四处传播。

3) The disease spread quickly. 这种疾病很快地传播开来。

4. access vt. 接近，使用

1) You can access the loft by a ladder. 你可以爬梯子上阁楼。

access 也可做名词，意为“接近的机会，享用权；通道，通路”

2) Citizens may have free access to the library. 市民可以免费使用这个图书馆。

3) The only access to the town is across the bridge. 到镇上唯一的通路是经过一座桥。

Project

1. concern

⑴ vt. 涉及,关系到

1) The news concerns your brother. 这消息与你兄弟有关。

2) The letter is chiefly concerned with export commodities. 这封信主要是关于出口商品的。

⑵ vt. 使担心;使关心

1) He is concerned for her safety. 他担心她的安全。

2) He was very concerned about her. 他对她非常关心。

⑶ n. 关心的事,重要的事[C]；关怀[U]

1) That's no concern of mine. 那不关我的事。

2) Andrew expressed his concern. 安德鲁表示了他的关切。

【拓展】

concerned 有关的(作后置定语)

1) The man concerned was her husband. 这个相关的人是她的丈夫。

concerning 关于

2) We read stories concerning visitors from outer space. 我们读了关于天外来客的故事。

as/so far as … is concerned 就……来说，就……而言

3) It is impossible as/so far as I am concerned. 就我而言这是不可能的。

2. differ vi. 相异，有区别

differ from … = be different from …与……不同

1) His views differ from those of his parents.

= His views are different from those of his parents.

他的观点和他父母的观点不同。

A and

B differ (from each other) A和B彼此有差异

2) French and English differ greatly (from each other).

法语和英语（彼此）差异很大。

differ with sb. about/on/over sth. 与某人在某事上意见不一致

3) He differs with me about/on/over when to go for a picnic.

在何时去野餐这件事情上，他与我的意见向左。

3. represent vt. 代表，象征

1) The headmaster could not go to the meeting, so Mr Smith represented him.

校长不能去开会，因此史密斯代表他去参加了。

2) The rose represents England. 玫瑰花是英格兰的象徵。

represent sb./sth. as …意为“把某人/某物描述成……”

3) The king is represented as a villain in the play.

在这出剧中把国王刻画成一个反面人物。

4. as a whole 作为整体，总体上

1) The project will be beneficial to our city and to our country as a whole.

这项工程对我们的城市和整个国家都有益。

【辨析】

on the whole 大体上，总的看来，相当于in general

2) On the whole/In general, I think your questionnaire is well designed.

总的说来，我觉得你的问卷设计得不错。

5. combine v. 组合，（使）联合，（使）结合

combine … together 把……结合起来

1) None of us has much money, so let’s combine what we’ve got together.

我们任何人的钱都不多，所以我们把钱凑一起吧。

combine A with B 把A与B结合起来

2) If we can combine theory with practice, it will be better.

要是我们能把理论与实践相结合，那就更好了。

combination n. 结合,联合

6. turn into (使) 变成，也可用turn to

1) Water turns into/to ice when the temperature is below freezing.

当气温低于零度，水就变成冰。

2) Heat turns ice into/to steam. 高温把冰变成蒸汽。

【拓展】

turn away 转身不看，不理睬；撵走，把……拒之门外

turn out 关掉；结果是(to be/that)

turn up 开大；出现，露面

turn down 调小，放低；拒不接受

turn over 移交，交给；翻(页)；翻身；翻到

turn in 交（上去）

turn to 找（某人寻求帮助等）

turn off 关掉（灯等）

turn on 开（灯等）

7. indicate vt. 显示，表示；象征，暗示

1) Research indicates that men find it easier to give up smoking than women.

研究表明，男人比女人更容易戒烟。

2) Cattle lying down indicate rain. 牛躺下预示有雨。

8. distinguish vt. 区别，识别；使杰出;使显出特色

distinguish vt. 区别，识别（多和from连用）

1) It is hard to distinguish her from her sister. 很难区别她和她妹妹。

distinguish vi. 区别，识别（多和bet ween连用）

2) You should be able to distinguish between right and wrong. 你应当能区分对错。 distingu ish vt. 使杰出;使显出特色

3) She distinguished herself as a black lawyer. 她成了一位杰出的黑人律师。【拓展】、

distinguished adj. 著名的，卓越的，突出的

4) He is the m ost distinguished chemist in the country. 他是这个国家最卓越的化学家。

distinguishable adj. 看的清楚的，区分得开的

5) A black object is not easily distinguishable on a dark night.

黑色的物体在夜晚不容易看清。

6) Tom is hardly distinguishable from his twin brother. 很难区分汤姆和他的双胞胎兄弟。

练习

一、首字母填空。

1. We Chinese have friends t the world.

2. A large v is a must if you want to learn a language well.

3. Both English and French are o languages of Canada.

4. Overwork, little rest and poor food all c to his illness.

5. A well written article should have both a good beginning and a good e .

6. The word “not” are p differently in the UK and the USA.

7. Our school is a non-smoking one. So smoking is b in our school.

8. She smiled to me, i that she had seen me.

9. The blacks are fighting against r discrimination.

10. Taiwan is separated from m of China by Taiwan Strait.

二、根据中文填空。

1. There are 30 persons injured in the road accident, the driver _____________ (包括).

2. We have _________________ (经历) many tests in our life.

3. The ___________ (侵略) of the Japanese enemies brought great harm to our country.

4. Chinese words are often formed by ______________ (结合) different characters.

5. Everyone thinks that it _____________ (不同于) from many Western languages.

6. It is easy for us to understand the _______________ (简化的) Chinese characters.

7. There are many other examples _______________ (反映) the development of Chinese

writing.

8. This house is so old that it is impossible to find its ____________ (原来的) owner.

9. Good health _____________ (取决于) on good food and exercise.

10. The national flag should be ______________ (升起) every day.

三选词填空。

adopt depend on contribute to differ from reflect

take control of turn into ban as a whole indicate

1. A red sky at night ________ fine weather the following day.

2. Many factors ________________ the development of the company in the past few years.

3. She can see her face __________ in the mirror, which becomes pale day after day.

4 It is certain that the little girl will ______________ a beauty someday.

5. To ensure the safety of students, the school _____ students from running on busy roads outside the school.

6. John __________________ the b usiness when his father retired.

7. We should ______ ourselves rather than on others, including our parents.

8. Considering your idea _________, I think it will be beneficial to our company.

9. What is known to all is that cultures __________ country and country.

10. Having no children of their own, they decided to _______ an orphan(孤儿).

四用所给词语编写故事。

要求：起码要用上8个所给单词或词组，故事情节不限。

represent spread pick up consist of access

confused create include pronunciation differ

Key

一、首字母填空

1. throughout

2. vocabulary

3. official

4. contribute

5. ending

6. pronounced

7. banned

8. indicating

9. racial 10. mainland

二、根据中文填空

1. included

2. undergone

3. invasion

4. combining

5. differs

6. simplified

7. reflecting

8. original

9. depends 10.

rising

三、选词填空

1. indicates

2. have contributed to

3. reflected

4. turn into

5. bans

6. took control of

7. depend on

8. as a whole

9. differ from

10. adopt

四、用所给词语编写故事

With the spread of Chinese culture, more and more foreigner are interested in the Chinese language. At the Para-Olympic Games Village in Beijing, a lot of foreigners crowded into the Chinese Language Center to pick up a little Chinese. The Chinese Language Center consists of three sections. Foreigners can have free access to specially designed software, so it becomes easy and fun to master the pronunciations

of Chinese Characters. Though some of them were confused about the meaning of the characters, they enjoyed themselves there. They thought Chinese differs from their mother tongue. Most tourists carrie d away the handwriting created by themselves. There are also traditional arts and crafts to experience in China, including Beijing opera masks, folk music, and traditional paintings.

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