宏观经济学期末复习
更新时间:2024-04-24 21:53:01 阅读量: 综合文库 文档下载
- 宏观经济学期末试卷及答案推荐度:
- 相关推荐
Part 1CONCEPT
Marketclearing
Exogenous variables EndogenousvariablesInflation GDPdeflatorCPI
Unemploymentrate
Labor-force
participationrateNominal versus realGDPMPKMPL Real rental price ofcapitalConstant returns toscale
Cobb?Douglas productionfunction
PrivatesavingPublicsaving
Marginal propensity
toconsumeMonetarybase High-poweredmoney
Reserve–deposit ratio Currency–depositratio
Menucosts Quantityequation
Real and nominalvariablesFisher equation and
FishereffectMonetary neutrality! Small openeconomy
Moneymultiplier
Purchasing-power parity!Natural rate
ofunemploymentFrictionalunemploymentStructuralunemploymentDiscouragedworkers Golden Rule level ofcapital
Part 2Question
Chapter2
CPI VS GDP DEFLATOR
Q: Consider an economy that produces and con- sumes
breadandautomobiles. In the following table are data for two differentyears.
2000
2010
Price $50,000 $10
Quantity 120 400,000
Price $60,000 $20
Good
Quantity 100 500,000
Automobiles Bread
a) Using 2000 as the base year, compute the following
statisticsforeach year: nominal GDP, real GDP, the implicit price deflatorforGDP, and a fixed-weight price index such as theCPI.
b) How much did prices rise between 2000 and 2010?
Comparetheanswers given by the Laspeyres and Paasche price indexes.Explainthedifference.
c) Suppose you are a senator writing a bill to index Social
Securityandfederal pensions. That is, your bill will adjust these benefits tooffsetchanges in the cost of living.Will you use the GDP deflator ortheCPI?Why?
Chapter31.MPKMPL
income share oflabor/capitalQ:
Consider a Cobb–Douglas production function with three inputs. K
iscapital(the number of machines), L is labor (the number of workers), and H ishumancapital (the number of college degrees among the workers).Theproductionfunctionis
Y ??K1/3L1/3H1/3.
a) Derive an expression for the marginal product of labor. How doesanincrease in the amount of human capital affect the marginal productoflabor?
b) Derive an expression for the marginal product of human
capital.Howdoes an increase in the amount of human capital affect the mar-ginalproduct of humancapital?
c) What is the income share paid to labor? What is the income sharepaidto human capi-tal? In the national income accounts of
thiseconomy,what share of total income do you think workers would appeartoreceive? (Hint: Consider where the return to human capital showsup.)
d) An unskilled worker earns the marginal prod- uct of labor,
whereasaskilled worker earns the marginal product of labor plus the mar-ginalproduct of human capital. Using your answers to parts (a) and (b),findthe ratio of the skilled wage to the unskilled wage. How
doesanincrease in the amount of human capital affect this ratio?Explain.
e) Some people advocate government funding of college
scholarshipsasa way of creatinga more egalitarian society. Others arguethatscholarships help only those who are able to go to college. Doyouranswers to the preced- ing questions shed light on thisdebate?
6、考虑有三种投入的柯布-道格拉斯生产函数。K-资本;L-劳动;H-人力资本。生产函数为Y=K1/3L1/3H1/3
(1)推导出劳动的边际产量的表达式。人力资本量的增加怎样影响劳动的边际产量? 解:Y=K1/3L1/3H1/3 MPL=1/3K1/3L-2/3H1/3
因此,H增加将使劳动的边际产量MPL增加
(2)推导出人力资本的边际产量表达式。人力资本量的增加怎么影像人力资本的边际产量? 解:Y=K1/3L1/3H1/3 MPH=1/3K1/3L1/3H-2/3
因此,H增加将使劳动的边际产量MPH下降
(3)支付给劳动的收入份额是多少?支付给人力资本的收入分析是多少?工人得到多大份额的收入?
解:劳动份额=L*MPL/Y=L*1/3K1/3L-2/3H1/3/K1/3L1/3H1/3=1/3 人力资本份额=H*MPH/Y=H*1/3K1/3L1/3H-2/3/K1/3L1/3H1/3=1/3
由于劳动与人力资本份额各占产出的1/3,两者又都归工人所有。因此,工人得到2/3的产出份额。
(4)如果一个无技术工人的报酬=MPL,一个技术工人的报酬=MPL+MPH,找出技术工人与无技术工人工资的比率并分析人力资本如何影响此比例。
解:MPL=1/3K1/3L-2/3H1/3,MPH=1/3K1/3L1/3H-2/3
W技/W无技术=(MPL+MPH)/MPL=(1/3K1/3L-2/3H1/3+1/3K1/3L1/3H-2/3)/1/3K1/3L-2/3H1/3=1+L/H
(5)大学奖学金是创造平等社会环境还是只针对那些能上大学的人? 解:大学奖学金提高了人力资本H,有利于形成一个更加平等的机会,因为随着人力资本的增加,人力资本的边际产量减少,劳动的边际产量增加,缩小了收教育程度不同的工人之间的差异,使技术工人与非技术工人件的差距缩小,社会更加平等。
2. privatesavingpublicsaving Q:
Consider an economy described by the follow- ingequations:
Y?C?I?G Y ??5,000
G ??1,000
T ??1,000
C ??250 ??0.75(Y?T)
I ??1,000 ??50r
In this economy, compute private saving, pub- lic saving,andnationalsaving.
a) Find the equilibrium interestrate.
b) Now suppose that G rises to 1,250. Compute
privatesaving,public saving, and nationalsaving.
c) Find the new equilibrium interestrate.
Chapter4
M B c/rd/r
Q:
An economy has a monetary base of 1,000 $1 bills.
Calculatethemoney supply in scenarios (a)–(d) and then answer part(e).
a) All money is held ascurrency.
b) All money is held as demand deposits. Banks hold 100 percentofdeposits asreserves.
c) All money is held as demand deposits. Banks hold 20 percentofdeposits asreserves.
d) People hold equal amounts of currency and demand deposits.Bankshold 20 percent of deposits asreserves.
e) The central bank decides to increase the money supply by 10
percent.Ineach of the above four scenarios, how much should it increase themonetarybase?
Chapter5
MV=PY
dM/M+dV/V=dP/P+dY/YQ:
Suppose a country has a money demand function (M/P)d??kY,where kis a constant parameter .The money supply grows by
12percentper year, and real income grows by 4 percent peryear.
a) What is the average inflationrate?
b) How would inflation be different if real income growth werehigher?Explain.
c) How do you interpret the parameter k? What is its relationship tothevelocity ofmoney?
d.) Suppose, instead of a constant money demand function, the
velocityofmoney in this econ- omy was growing steadily because of financialinnovation.How would that affect the infla- tion rate?Explain.
Q: Suppose that the money demand function takes the form(M/P)d
??L(i,Y) ??Y/(5i)
a) If output grows at rate g, at what rate will the demand for realbalancesgrow (assuming constant nominal interestrates)?
b) What is the velocity of money in thiseconomy?
c.)If inflation and nominal interest rates are constant, at what rate, if any,willvelocitygrow?
d.) How will a permanent (once-and-for-all) increase in the level
ofinterestrates affect the level of velocity? How will it affect the subsequent growthrateofvelocity?
Chapter6
2. Consider an economy described by the follow- ingequations:
Y?C?I?G?NX,
Y ??5,000,
G ??1,000, T ??1,000,C??250 ??0.75(Y ??T),I ??1,000 ??50r, NX ??500 ??500, r??r????5.
a.) In this economy, solve for national saving, investment, the tradebalance,and the equilibrium exchangerate.
b)Suppose now that G rises to 1,250. Solve for national saving,
investment,thetrade balance, and the equilibrium exchange rate. Explain what youfind.
c.)Now suppose that the world interest raterises from 5 to 10 percent. (Gisagain 1,000.) Solve for national saving, investment, the trade balance, andtheequilibrium exchange rate. Explain what youfind.
3. The country of Leverett is a small open economy. Suddenly, a changeinworld fashions makes the exports of Leverettunpopular.
a. What happens in Leverett to saving, invest- ment, net exports, theinterestrate, and the exchangerate?
b. The citizens of Leverett like to travel abroad. How will this change intheexchange rate affectthem?
c. The fiscal policymakers of Leverett want to adjust taxes to
maintaintheexchange rate at its previous level. What should they do? If they do this,whatare the overall effects on saving, investment, net exports, and the interestrate?
6.ACaseStudyinthischapterconcludesthatifpoornationsofferedbetter
production efficiency and legal protections, the tradebalance in rich nations such as the United States would move towardsurplus.Let’s consider why this might be thecase.
a) If the world’s poor nations offer better production efficiency andlegalprotection, what would happen to the investment demand function inthosecountries?
b) How would the change you describe in part (a) affect the demandforloanable funds in world financialmarkets?
c) How would the change you describe in part (b) affect the worldinterestrate?
d) How would the change you describe in part (c) affect the tradebalancein richnations?
Chapter7
5. Consider an economy with the following Cobb–Douglasproductionfunction:
Y =K1/3L2/3.
The economy has 1,000 units of capital andalabor force of 1,000workers.
a) Derive the equation describing labor demand in this economy as
afunctionof the real wage and the capital stock. (Hint: Review Chapter3.)
b) If the real wage can adjust to equilibrate labor supply and
labordemand,what is the real wage? In this equilibrium, what are employ- ment, output,andthe total amount earned byworkers?
c) Now suppose that Congress, concerned about the welfare of theworkingclass, passes a law requiring firms to pay workers a real wageof one unitofoutput. How does this wage compare to the equilibriumwage?
d) Congress cannot dictate how many workers firms hire at the
mandatedwage.Giventhis fact, what are the effects of this law? Specifically, what happenstoemployment, output, and the total amount earned byworkers?
e) Will Congress succeed in its goal of helping the workingclass?Explain.
f) Do you think that this analysis provides a good way of thinkingabouta minimum- wage law? Why or whynot?
6. Suppose that a country experiences a reduction in productivity—that is,anadverse shock to the productionfunction.
a. What happens to the labor demandcurve?
b. How would this change in productivity affect the labor market—
thatis,employment, unemployment, and real wages—if the labor market is alwaysinequilibrium?
c. How would this change in productivity affect the labor market ifunionsprevent real wages fromfalling?
Chapter 89 1. consider k 1) s.s
2) goldenrole
3) starting with too much capital
starting with too littlecapital
2. populationgrowth 1)s.s
2) goldenrule
3 technologicalprogress1)s.s
2) goldenrule
3. growth ofoutput
growth of percapital
Q :chapter1-5
正在阅读:
宏观经济学期末复习04-24
小学种子发芽的作文06-15
忽如一夜春风来作文800字02-04
寒假趣事作文450字07-01
3dmax练习一 基本操作12-14
读书可以医愚作文800字07-01
高效液相色谱法检测鸡肉串莫能菌素的残留07-23
聚氨酯软泡生产问题及解决方案05-02
- 多层物业服务方案
- (审判实务)习惯法与少数民族地区民间纠纷解决问题(孙 潋)
- 人教版新课标六年级下册语文全册教案
- 词语打卡
- photoshop实习报告
- 钢结构设计原理综合测试2
- 2014年期末练习题
- 高中数学中的逆向思维解题方法探讨
- 名师原创 全国通用2014-2015学年高二寒假作业 政治(一)Word版
- 北航《建筑结构检测鉴定与加固》在线作业三
- XX县卫生监督所工程建设项目可行性研究报告
- 小学四年级观察作文经典评语
- 浅谈110KV变电站电气一次设计-程泉焱(1)
- 安全员考试题库
- 国家电网公司变电运维管理规定(试行)
- 义务教育课程标准稿征求意见提纲
- 教学秘书面试技巧
- 钢结构工程施工组织设计
- 水利工程概论论文
- 09届九年级数学第四次模拟试卷
- 宏观经济学
- 期末
- 复习
- 影像科危急值制度、项目及报告流程培训记录及讲稿
- 案例分析:无真实交易背景票据融资问题
- 在职证明模版
- 旅游景区规章制度大全
- 加强党风廉政建设工作的经验做法
- 卫生部关于印发《住院患者基础护理服务项目(试行)》等三个文件
- 鄂教版六年级下册品德与社会教案
- 项目周报(范本)
- 总包单位与装修单位的工程界面划分(住宅)加入安装部分
- 《材料科学基础》课后答案(1-7章)
- 中建某项目桩基工程招标文件
- 阿龙山林业局二0一一年基建工作阶段总结
- -集装箱理货业务信息管理系统 - 图文
- 帷幕灌浆常规工艺性试验大纲
- 地下管线、周边建筑物保护措施
- 虞美人、蝶恋花、雨霖铃、声声慢理解性默写
- 美丽乡村考察心得体会
- 物理化学简明教程第6章课外习题-6
- 《微机接口与原理技术》第5章习题及参考解答
- 银监会专业考试之金融学习题及答案