2014年自考英语（二）资料( unit 5)

Unit 5 Keeping Your Dreams Alive

I. New words and expressions

New words

1. transcend v. 超出，超越（通常的界限） 2. incessantly adv. 不停地；持续不断地 3. noisily adv. 喧闹地 noise noisy

4. subtly adv. 不易察觉地；不明显地；微妙地 5. enormity n. 巨大；深远影响；严重性 enormous

6. burden n. （义务、责任等的）重担，负担 7. belief n. 相信；信心 believe believable unbelievable disbelief

8. unique adj. 唯一的；独一无二的；独特的 9. affliction n. 折磨；痛苦

10. especially adv. 尤其；特别；格外 11. tribe n. 部落

12. species n. 种，物种（分类上小于属） 13. discipline n. 自制力；遵守纪律 14. confront v. 处理，解决（问题或困境） 15. evoke v. 引起，唤起（感情、记忆或形象）

16. grief n. （尤指因某人去世引起的）悲伤，悲痛，伤心 17. guilt n. 内疚；悔恨 guilty be guilty of

be / feel guilty about 18. anxiety n. 焦虑；忧虑 anxious

19. anguish n. 剧痛；极度痛苦；苦恼 20. despair n. 绝望

21. uncomfortable adj.（使）焦虑的，尴尬的，害怕的，不自在的 22. physical adj. 身体的；肉体的；躯体的 23. equal v. 比得上；敌得过

24. conflict n. 冲突；争执；争论

25. engender v. 产生，引起（某种感觉或情况） 26. pose v. 造成（威胁、问题等）；引起；产生 27. distinguish v. 区分；辨别；分清 28. wisdom n. 智慧；才智；精明

29. mentally adv. 精神上；智力上；思想上 30. spiritually adv. 精神上；心灵上 31. desire v. 渴望；期望

32. deliberately adv. 故意；蓄意；存心 33. instruct v. 教授；指导 34. dread v. 非常害怕；极为担心

Phrases and Expressions

1. moan about 抱怨 2. a series of 系列；连续 3. because of 因为 4. as well as 除…之外

5. cutting edge （处于某事物发展的）尖端，最前沿，领先阶段 6. call forth 引起；使产生

II. Text Learning Life Is Difficult

① Life Is Difficult.

② This is a great truth, one of the greatest truths. It is a great truth because once we truly see this truth we transcend it. Once we truly know that life is difficult-once we truly understand and accept it-then life is no longer difficult. Because once it is accepted, the fact that life is difficult no longer matters.（承上句）

③ Most people do not fully see this truth that life is difficult.

④ Instead they moan more or less incessantly, noisily or subtly, about the enormity of their problems, their burdens, and their difficulties as if life were generally easy, as if life should be easy. (1)They voice their belief, noisily or subtly, that their difficulties represent a unique kind of affliction that should not be and that has somehow been especially visited upon them, or else upon their families, their tribe, their class, their nation, their race or even their species, and not upon others. I know about this moaning because I have done my share.（承上、总结的句子）

本部分重点及难点：

1. They voice their belief, noisily or subtly, that their difficulties represent a unique kind of affliction that should not be and that has somehow been especially visited uponthem, or else upon their families, their tribe, their class, their nation, their race or even their species, and not upon others.

visit sth. on / upon sb./sth. （古）inflict（造成，使遭受） punishment on sb./sth. 对某人/某物进行惩罚

visit the sins of the parents upon their children相当于make the children suffer for their parent's failings 使子女因父母之过错而受惩罚

⑤ Life is a series of problems. Do we want to moan about them or solve them? Do we want to teach our children to solve them?

⑥ Discipline is the basic set of tools we require to solve life's problems.（主题句） Without discipline we can solve nothing. With only some discipline we can solve only some problems. With total discipline we can solve all problems.

⑦ What make life difficult is that the process of confronting and solving problems is a painful one. Problems, depending upon their nature, evoke in us frustration of grief, sadness, loneliness, guilt, regret, anger, fear, anxiety, anguish, despair. These are uncomfortable feelings, often very uncomfortable, often as painful as any kind of physical pain, sometimes equaling the very worst kind of physical pain. (2)Indeed, it is because of the pain that events or conflicts engender in us all that we call them problems.（承上启下句） (3)And since life poses an endless series of problems, life is always difficult and is full of pain as well as joy. 本部分重点及难点：

2. Indeed, it is because of the pain that events or conflicts engender in us all that we call them problems. 强调句。去掉it is…that…剩下的部分成立。

3. And since life poses an endless series of problems, life is always difficult and is full of pain as well as joy.

pose an endless series of problems pose threat pose danger pose for a picture

⑧ (4)Yet it is in this whole process of meeting and solving problems that life has its meaning. Problems are the cutting edge that distinguishes between success and failure. Problems call forth our courage and our wisdom; indeed, they create our courage and our wisdom. It is only because of problems that we grow mentally and spiritually. When we desire to encourage the growth of the human spirit, we challenge and encourage the human capacity to solve problems, just as in school we deliberately set problems for our children to solve.It is through the pain of confronting and resolving problems that we learn. （承上启下句）As Benjamin Franklin said, \instruct.\and actually to welcome the pain of problems. 本部分重点及难点：

4. (Paragraph 8) Yet it is in this whole process of meeting and solving problems that life has its meaning. Problems are the cutting edge that distinguishes between success and failure. Problems call forth our courage and our wisdom; indeed, they create our courage and our wisdom. It is only because of problems that we grow mentally and spiritually. When we desire to encourage the growth of the human spirit, we challenge and encourage the human capacity to solve problems, just as in school we deliberately set problems for our children to solve. It is through the pain of confronting and resolving problems that we learn. （承上启下句）As Benjamin Franklin said, \things that hurt, instruct.\It is for this reason that wise people learn not to dread but actually to welcome problems and actually to welcome the pain of problems. 本文出现最多的结构是强调结构。本段中的强调结构有：

（1）Yet it is in this whole process of meeting and solving problems that life has its meaning. （2）It is only because of problems that we grow mentally and spiritually. （本句的语序要留意）

比较：Only because of problems do we grow mentally and spiritually. 类似的还有not until…被强调时，例如：

It was not until midnight that the party broke up. Not until midnight did the party break up.

（3）It is through the pain of confronting and resolving problems that we learn. （4）It is for this reason that wise people learn not to dread but actually to welcome problems and actually to welcome the pain of problems. 请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！

【单选题】8. It was not until the deadline that ______ out the application form.

A． he had sent B． had he sent C． he sent D． did he send

【答案】C

【解析】本题考查否定词被强调时，强调结构中that从句的语序。否定词放在句首句子要用倒装语序，但在强调结构中否定词被强调时，that引导的部分不能倒装，要用陈述句语序。 【知识点】否定词被强调时，强调结构中that从句的语序

重点掌握：courage的派生词

courageous

encourage ～ sb. to do sth. discourage ～ sb. from doing sth. encouraging discouraging encouragement discouragement

III. 部分练习讲解

P201 Bridging the Gap

Directions: Fill in the blanks with a word or a phrase that best completes the passage. You may choose a suitable one from the list given. 解题方法：把词分类

动词 名词 形容词 连词 介词 focus on the middle inner but than fit sense satisfy thinking of sense challenged

The purpose of life is to 1 satisfy the soul, and though acknowledging your accomplishments can help in this effort, it cannot take you the full distance（全程）. The only thing that can satisfy your soul is an answer to the question, who am I? You are an individualized

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