英语高考阅读七选五的命题思路及答题策略

2015年高考英语七选五专项复习训练

第一部分：英语高考阅读七选五的命题思路及答题策略

五. 做题技巧和策略。

1 ?辨别语境线索

语境线索主要指反应上下文关系的衔接手段，女口篇章结构、词语重现、逻辑、连接、指称、同构等。

词语重现是指词语的重复出现，但这里不是指词语的简单重现，而是指某词语可能以不同词类、词性、数、格、时态、语态等形式出现。比如：read, read in g, reader, readers还可能

是以同义词、近义词甚至反义词等形式出现。（关键词语重现）

逻辑是事物之间内在的、必然的联系，包括时间先后关系、空间位置关系、因果关系、归纳总结关系、总分总关系等。

连接是指用连接词或连接语表明上下文之间的逻辑关系，如and, howevei等。（并列关系、转折关系。）

指称是指用代词替代前文已出现的人物、事件、物品等，如he, she, they it。同构是指上下文使用了同一或类似的句式结构。

2. 分析短文篇章结构

分析篇章结构、把握全篇文脉是解题的关键。语篇通常由段落构成，所以分析篇章结构包括两个层次：一是分析段落之间的层次，也就是语篇层次；二是分析每个段落内部的层次，即句际层次。尤其是选项与前（后）句之间的逻辑关系和信息联系，是确定答案的主要依据。

六. 解题思路及要领

?通读整篇文章，把握整段语脉，理出文章的中心。

?根据标点符号确定有几个句子。

?除中心词、关键词外，将所有句子按意义分出层次，如果是承接、平列、层进关系，则可分为两个或两个以上的层次，如果是解释、转折一般就可以一分为二。

?再分析各层次之间的关系。

?最后检查核对层次划分有无错误。如一篇文章或语段有几个句子单位，几个层次，特别是长难句构成的语段层次是否明确。

七. 正确选项特征：

1、放进去通顺，这一点是基础。凡不通顺的必错无疑；

2、选项与其上句或下句之间有必然的逻辑关系；

3、选项全部内容都属于正确答案所在段；

4、选项中有单词、词组、句子成分或与所选答案所在段内容相匹配或重合；

例如：上面第2项所指的逻辑关系主要是指代词关系、冠词关系以及连接词关系等。例如，代词关系方面，如果所选答案中有he, him, his等词，这就意味着空前面必然出现了 a boy, a mar等词或人名。如果这些词在空后面出现，就意味着正确答案中必有 a boy, a mar等

词或人名。

冠词方面，如果正确答案中出现了定冠词the，则空前将有不定冠词a（n）或与之相应的名词等出现。如果定冠词第一次出现在空后，则意味着空里所需的答案中会有不定冠词a（n）或相应的名词等出现。

连接词方面，如果but ‘however等出现在答案中，贝U意味着该答案与空前部分含义是相反

的，但同时又与空后的内容在含义上是一顺的或一致的；如果答案中有for an other,前面不远处会有for one

thing，如果答案中有other（s）,前面不远处会有some,如果答案中有second前面不远处会有first 等等。需要注意的是for one thing...for another..., some...other（s）..., first...seco nd..等这些组合既可能出现在同一段落中，也可能分别出现在相邻两段的句首。

八. 关于大小标题

无论什么样的阅读题，只要有大小标题，难度就大为降低了。七选五中需要注意的：

A. 大小标题的特点，大标题是对全文的概括总结，小标题是对其下面段落的概括总结；

B. 大标题每个实词的首字母都大写（单凭这一点就很难出错），几个小标题之间长短基本一致，用词的特点相同，且小标题一般都以动词开头，没有主语；

C. 好多时候，只要答案与小标题中的词汇重合了，也就正确了。

九. 七选五的做题顺序

七选五应先看备选答案，把其中隐含的代词、冠词、连接词所揭示的内在逻辑关系搞清楚。

然后再看文章，在读文章的过程中不但要确定正确答案，还要同时排除错误答案。本题即将做完时，如果有两个答案搞不准，不妨试着把两个答案换一下位置，一旦发现换了之后更通顺，更符合逻辑，那就意味着5分（4乘以1.25）到手了。做完题后，看一眼剩下的两个落选答案，如果清晰地知道它们为什么落选，本题型就得满分了，如果突然感觉到“不好，错了” ，当场改正，也花不了多少时间。

十.七选五口诀

逻辑关系前后句，词汇重合上下文；内容全归所在段，语意通顺且连贯。

口诀中第一句说明要通过逻辑关系寻找正确答案，只需把备选答案、空前、空后这三句看清就可以了，不用考虑得太多；第二句的上下文是指所在段的上下文，一旦串段了，就会错出

十万八千里；第三句涉及段落的一致性，英语文章一旦把段与段之间的关系搞混了，就像汉语文章跑题一样，无药可救。

十一.现说明“七选五补全阅读题”的解题方法。

Have you ever lost your temper? Did you yell or scream at those around you, eve n people you like or love? Did you want to break someth ing or hit some one?

Every one gets an gry. We have lots of emoti ons. At differe nt times, we may be happy, sad or jealous. 1 .

It ' s perfectly okay to be angiitytime （偶尔）---in fact, it ' s important to get angry sometimes. An ger can eve n be a good thing. Whe n we are treated un fairly, an ger can help us sta nd up for ourselves.

__2__ some people keep their an ger buried deep in side. If you do this, you might get a headache or your stomach might start to hurt. You may just feel crummy糟糕的）about yourself or start to cry. It' s not good to hide your an ger, so you should find a way to let it out without hurt ing yourself or others.

When you start to feel an gry, you can count to 10, draw a picture of an ger, play a video game, run as fast as you can or do someth ing active. An effective way is to talk to a friend you can trust. 3 .

4_ In stead, admit to yourself that you are an gry a nd try to figure out why you are an gry a nd what you can do to keep the situati on from happe ning aga in.

Never gett ing angry is impossible. But, you should always remember that how you act whe n you' re angry can make the situation better or worse.

5_Take charge of it!

A. Once you talk about an ger, those bad feeli ngs usually start to go away.

B. Taking it out on others n ever solves anything.

C. An ger is just ano ther way we feel.

D. Here is an importa nt way to deal with an ger.

E. But an ger must be released in the right way.

F. Every coin has two sides.

G Don' t let an ger be the boss of you.

、阅读短文，把握中心、明白体裁，理清思路、上下求索，瞻前顾后

四、确定答案，入文复查

通过阅读该短文，知该短文话题是人们对“生气---这种情绪的掌控”。

本文为议论文，第一段由问句引出话题，谈到有时人们会出现情绪失控的状况。第二段，谈到人们有时会开心、悲伤或嫉妒、生气。第三段谈生气有时是重要的。第四段谈到把生气这种状态埋藏在心底是不好的，要学会宣泄但不要伤害别人。第五段介绍正确的宣泄方式。第六段谈不良情绪的正确控制。第七段总结，“要用理智处理不良的情绪”。

1. C 解析：前面谈至U “ Every one gets angr^，后面谈至U “ To be angry at times---is importa nt to get angry sometimes.

2. E.解析：整个第三自然段的核心意思是“ It' s n ot good to hide your an ger, so you should find

a way to let it out without hurting yourself or others” .(把愤怒埋藏在心底是不可取的，所以要找到一种在不伤害别人的情况下宣泄自己不良情绪的方法)

3. A.解析:“An effective way is to talk to a friend you can trust” 然后承接下一句“Once you talk about an ger, those bad feeli ngs usually start to go awa”.

4. B.解析：“ Taking it out on others n ever solves anything.” 然后是转折关系“ In stead, admit to yourself that you are angry and try to figure out why you are angry and what you can do .

5. G 解析：“ Do n' t let an ger be the boss of you 然后是顺接关系“ Take charge of it”

第二部分：高考真题回放 (2007--2012)

3. （2009年宁夏，海南卷）

Getting your children to study can be a little like getting them to eat their vegetables.

71 __ M ake a study time and have it at the same time every day. This will help your kids to

learn to schedule their day and will give them a sense of control over how they spend their time.

Allow them to study in blocks of time, such as for half an hour with a five-minute break in the middle. 72 Ideal （理想的）study times are after dinner or right after school before dinner.

Never allow your children to study in front of the television, as that will encourage passive activity. _73 You' llalso need to help your kids find the right place to study. After you' veet up a good study time for little learners, set up a good place where they can get those creative juices flowing.

74 _ M ake sure there is a table or a desk and a comfortable chair.

75 _ T his in cludes helpi ng them out with their homework sometimes and being there for them

with the an swers to any questi ons. The in put you give your childre n duri ng study periods will help form a bond and help make study ing enjoyable.

A. Pick a place where your childre n can study properly.

B. Hold them to the schedule they create for themselves.

C. Fin ally, spe nd time with your kids whe n they ' re study ing.

D. Keep the atmosphere light and offer lots of en courageme nt, too.

E. Instead, use TV as a treat or a reward when the homework is completed.

F. Try to stop this bad habit by offeri ng some sort of reward.

G. One of the best ways to form good study habits for your kids is to desig n a schedule that they keep

to.

4. （2010年宁夏、海南卷）Q&A

Question: I have recently got a senior position within my company. One of my new tasks is to make monthly progress reports on my department in front of other senior officials. During my first meet in g, I prese nted and the n ope ned the floor to questio ns. 71 My first react ion

was to answer defensively. Later, I realized that I shouldn ' t have felt that way. But how c cool and effectively an swer questio ns in this type of sett in gs?

An swer: Con gratulati ons on your new positi on! Prese nting in front of your peers 同事）is a hard task in itself, and it becomes much more difficult when a question-and-answer period is required. Questi on-an d-a nswer periods are a great way to clarify the message and stre ngthe n key poi nts. 72

?73

When a person is asking a question, show interest and a desire to understand the question by listening and asking for clarification （澄清）.

?Buy time.

When facing a hard question, most people can' give an answer immediately. Buy time by repeating the question in your own words. 74 _______ These techniques allow you to quickly

organize your thoughts as well as to make sure you will be correctly answering the question.

?Suggest a private meeti ng.

A one-on-one meeting is a calmer setting than speaking in front of your peers. 75

A. Show your true in terest.

B. Restate the questi on with respect.

C. Some ideas can be quite con crete.

D. There were many difficult questi ons.

E. It can also be more effective in excha nging ideas.

F. You may also ask for clarification on the question.

G. Here are some ideas that can help you prepare for your n ext meet ing.

5. （2011年全国新课标卷）Money Matters

Parents should help their children understand money. 71 __ So you may start talking about

money whe n your child shows an in terest in buying thi ngs, candy or toys, for example.

1. The basic function of money

Begi n expla ining the basic fun ctio n of money by show ing how people trade money for goods or services. It is importa nt to show your child how money is traded for the things he wants to have. If he wants to have a toy, give him the money and let him hand the money to the cashier（收银员）. 72 When your child grows a bit older and understands the basic function of money, you can

start explai ning more complex ways of using mon ey.

2. Money lessons

Approach money lessons with opennessand honesty. 73 If you must say no to a child s

request to spe nd mon ey, expla in, 'You have eno ugh toy trucks for now. ” Or, if the request is for many different things, say, You have to make a choice between this toy and that toy.

3. 74

Begin at the grocery store. Pick out two similar brands of a product--- a name-brand butter and a

gen eric （无商标产品）,for example. You can show your child how to make choices betwee n different brands of a product so that you can save money. 75 __________ If he chooses the cheaper brand,

allow him to make another purchase with the money saved. Later, you may explain how the more expe nsive choice leaves less money for other purchases.

A. Wise decisi ons

B. The value of money

C. Permit the child to choose betwee n them.

D. Tell your child why he can -or cannot --- have certa in thin gs.

E. Ask yourself what thi ngs that cost money are most importa nt to you

F. Talk about how the money bought the thing after you leave the toy store.

G. The best time to teach a child anything about money is whe n he shows an in terest.

6. （2011 年北京）Public Speaking and Critical Thinking

What is critical thinking? To a certain degree, it's a matter of logic （逻辑）一of being able to spot weak nesses in other peopl e argume nts and to avoid them in your own .It also in cludes related skills such as dist in guish ing fact from opinion and assess ing the soundn ess of evide nee.

In the broad sense, critical thinking is focused, organized thinking ——the ability to see clearly the relati on ships among ideas. 71 The greatest thi nkers, scie ntists, and inven tors have ofte n taken information that was readily available and put it together differently to produce new ideas. That, too, is critical tha nking.

72 As the class goes on, for example, you will probably spend a good deal at time organizing your speeches. While this may seem like a purely mechanical （机械的）exercise, it is closely conn ected with critical thi nking. If the structure of your speech is loose and con fused, cha nces are that your thi nki ng is also disordered and con fused. If, on the other hand, the structure is clear, there is a good chance your thinking is too. Organizing a speech is not just a matter of arranging the ideas you already have 73 What is true of orga ni zati on is true of many aspects of public speak ing. 74 As you work on expressing your ideas in clear, accurate Ianguage, you will improve your ability to think clearly and accurately. 75 As you learn to listen critically to speeches in class, you will be better able

to assess the ideas of speakers in a variety of situations.

If you take full advantage of your speech class, you will be able to develop your skills as a critical thin ker in many circumsta nces. This is one reas on public speak ing has bee n regarded as a vital part of educati on since the days of ancient Greece.

A . Rather, it is an important part of shaping the ideas themselves.

B. This may seem like a lot of time, but the rewards are well worth it.

C. It may also help you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech.

D. It has often been said that there are few new ideas in the world, only reorganized ideas.

E. If you are wondering what this has to do with your public speaking class, the answer is quite a lot.

F. The skills you learn in your speech class can help you become a more effective thinker in a nu mber

of ways

G. As you study the role of evidence and reasoning in speech making, you will see how they can be

used in other forms of com muni cati on as well.

7. （2011年辽宁卷）

Easy Ways to Keep Your Brain Sharp

Every one is forgetful, but as we age, we start to feel like our brains are slowi ng dow n a bit —and that can be a very annoying thi ng. 71 Read on for some tech niq ues worth trying.

1. 72

People who regularly made pla ns and looked forward to upco ming eve nts had a 50 perce nt

reduced chanee of Alzheimer's disease （早老性痴呆症）,according to a recent study. _____ 73 Something as simple as setting a goal to have a weekly coffee date with a friend will do. There's evidence that people who have a purpose in life or who are working on long or short-term goals appear to do better. I n

other words, keep your brains look ing forward.

2. Go for a walk.

Mildly raised glucose （葡萄糖）levels can harm the area of the brain that helps you form memories and physical activity can help get blood glucose dow n to no rmal levels. In fact, exercise produces chemicals that are good for your brain. 74

3. Lear n someth ing n ew.

Take a Spanish class online, join a drawing club, or learn to play cards. A study found that mental stimulation （刺激）limits the weakening effects of aging on memory and the mind. But the best thing for your brain is when you learn something new and are physically active at the same time. 75 Or go dancing with your frie nds.

A. Focus on the future.

B. This can be especially harmful to the aged.

C. It should be somethi ng like lear ning garde ning.

D. So take a few mi nu tes each day to do some read ing.

E. But don't worry if your schedule isn't filled with life-changing events.

F. Luckily, research shows there is a lot you can do to avoid those mome nts.

G. I n other words, whe n you take care of your body, you take care of your brai n.

8. （2012年全国I卷）

Kids' health: Four steps for fighting stress

Everybody gets stressed time to time. 71 Some ways of dealing with stress 一like scream ing or hitti ng some on— don't solve much. But other ways, like talk ing to some one you trust, can lead you to solving your problem or at least feeling better.

Try tak ing these four steps, the n ext time you are stressed:

（1）Get support. Whe n you n eed help, reach out to the people who care about you. Talk to a trusted adult, such as pare nt or other relatives. 72 They might have had similar problems, such as deali ng with a test, or the death of a beloved pet.

（2）Don't take it out on yourself. Sometimes when kids are stressed and upset they take it out

on themselves. Oh, dear, that's good idea. Remember that there are always people to help you. Don't take it out on yourself. 73

（3）Try to solve the problem. After you're calm and you have support from adults and friends,

it's time to get dow n to bus in ess. ______ 74 Eve n if you can't solve it all, you can solve a

piece of it.

（4）Be positive. Most stress is temporary（暂时的）.Remember stress does go away, especially when you figure out the problem and start working on solving it. These steps aren't magic, but they do work. And if you can stay positive as you make your way through a tough time, you'll help yourself feel better eve n faster. _______________________ 75

A. Ask for a help ing hand to get you through the tough situati on.

B. Notice your friends' feelings and find a way to help them.

C. Differe nt people feel stress in differe nt ways

D. Ah, it feels so good whe n the stress is gone.

E. You n eed to figure out what the problem is.

F. And don't forget about your frie nds.

G. Then, find a way to calm dow n。

How to Make Frie nds

Frie ndship is a very importa nt huma n relati on ship and every one n eeds good frie nds. Good frien dship has many ben efits. It offers compa nion ship, improves self-worth and promotes good health. There are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town, or changed our jobs or schools. Such changes often leaves us without a friend 71 . But for many of us the process is difficult and requires

courage. Below are some helpful suggestions on how to make and keep frien ds.

1. Associate with others.

The first step to making friends is associating with other people. You can go to public places to meet new people. Besides, you will need to make yourself known by becoming an active member of such places. 2. Start a conversation

Start ing a conv ersatio n is the sec ond most importa nt step in making new frie nds. 72 You can always start the conversation. Being able to make small talk is a very useful skill in relating with other people.

3. 73_

Choos ing frie nds with com mon in terests is importa nt in buildi ng frie ndship as these in terests would always bring you and your friend together, Hanging out will always be a pleasant experie nee.

4. Let it grow.

It is a good thing to stay in touch. However, try not to press your new friend with calls, messages or visits as this would likely wear him or her out and fin ally you may lose your friend. 74 . The best frie ndships are the ones that grow n aturally.

5. Enjoy your friendship

The best way to enjoy your frie ndship is to allow your frie nds to be themselves. 75 Try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be. Become the kind of friend you will want your friend to be to you.

A. Be cheerful.

B. Do things together.

C. Do not wait to be spoke n to.

D. Try not to find fault with your frie nds.

E. Making new frie nds comes easy for some people.

F. For a frie ndship to develop you n eed to stay in touch.

G So you will n eed to give your frie nd time to react to you.

第三部分：实战演练

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

1.

Trust has bee n con sidered as the basis of any relati on ship, in clud ing frie ndship. No relationship can last long with a lack of trust. Not many of your friends will have real faith in you as you would like to believe. _71_ . Sometimes, it takes years, even a complete lifetime, to trust some one. However, how do we know if our friends have faith in us?

_72_ . With whom will you share things that you don 'wa nt every one to know? It would be with a close friend, whom you trust as much as you trust yourself. While a few of your friends may be fiercely protective of their privacy and may not tell their secrets to anyone, those who do, surely find you trustworthy and reliable.

Whom do you look up to for advice when you need it the most? It has to be either your parents or your frien ds. _73_ . This is a shi ning example of trust. You on ly seek advice from people you hold in high regard and find depe ndable. The frie nds who trust you will n ever forget to in clude you in the importa nt decisi ons of their life.

Argume nts and heated discussi ons are a part of every relati on ship, and this is also true for frien dship. _74_ . While some people find it difficult to forgive and forget, your frie nds will n ever have problems moving on. It is because they trust you and believe that you will n ever cause any pain to them on purpose.

There are times in life when you find yourself a Ionely soldier. 75 一. Your friends will never let you dow n and will stron gly sta nd for you whe n you n eed en courageme nt. You can determ ine that they trust you and believe in your beliefs, if they side with you whe n you n eed them the most.

A. People can be extraord in arily jealous猜疑的）sometimes.

B. You know they will never pass on a wrong suggestion.

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