七年级英语上冠词、名词、主谓一致

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普林斯顿教育

七年级英语上 RJ

冠词

I、冠词的分类

冠词可以分为不定冠词(a/an)、定冠词(the)和零冠词(不用冠词)。

II、冠词的用法 一、不定冠词的用法

不定冠词a, an泛指一类人或事物中的任何一个,相当于汉语中的“一个”,但不强调数量。an用于以元音开头(注意不是以元音字母开头)的单词前,a则英语非元音开头的单词前。

a用在辅音前,如 a pen a chair \\ an apple an egg an 用在元音前。an old teacher an English book an action movie

注意辅音字母第一个音是元音的情况:F H L M N S X这七个字母的第一个音是元音,在说一个以上字母时要用an ,如an“F” (一个F) an ―X‖ (一个X)。同时注意字母U,它是元音字母,但它的第一个音是辅音,因此说一个U,应为 a ―U‖ 。 特殊的单词需注意 a useful book 一本有用的书 an hour 一个小时 例如:The little boy eats an apple, and the little girl eats a banana. 1.用于可数名词的单数形式前,表示“一”。 There is an apple on the plate. 2.表示一类人或物。

A tiger is a dangerous animal. 3.第一次提到某人或某物。

This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 4. 在一些固定搭配中

a lot of/ a little/ a few/ a pair of/ a set of 等

二、定冠词的用法

定冠词(the)用在单数或复数名词前,表示特指的某一个或某些人或事物,相当于汉语中的“这(些)”或“那(些)”。 1. 第二次提到某人或某物,用定冠词the

Look! There is a ball under the table. The ball is mine. 2. 用于指说话双方都知道的事物或人。 Would you mind closing the window? 3. 放在序数词前。

Monday is the second day of the week. 4. 放在形容词最高级前。

He is the tallest boy in our class.

5. 表示世上独一无二的事物。

The earth goes around the sun.

6. 定冠词放在姓氏复数前,表示“??一家”。 The Greens are from Australia.

7. 定冠词后接单数名词表示一类人或物。

The dog is a kind of cute animal.

8. 定冠词和形容词连用,也可以代表某类人或物。 the poor the bad the rich the good

9. 演奏某项乐器时,乐器前需加the。如: play the drums/play the piano/ play the violin 10. 在一些固定搭配中。如:

in the morning in the afternoon 在下午

in the evening 在晚上 all the year round 一年到头

三、零冠词的用法

1. 复数名词前不加冠词可以表示一类人和事物 Noodles are my favorite. 2. 洲、国家、城市前不用冠词 We live in Asia.

3.不可数名词表示一类一般不用冠词。 Would you like to drink water?

4. 在季节、月份、星期、节日、日期、等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠词; It is very cold in winter in Beijing. 5. 在姓名前不加冠词。

She is Mrs. Henry Black.

6. 在一天三餐、表示球类运动名词前不用冠词。 After we have lunch, we will play football. 7. 在固定搭配中,名词前不需要用冠词。如:

go to school go to bed sit at table stay in bed

练习题

一、单项选择。

1. He often has ________ egg and some milk for breakfast. A. / B. a C. the D. an

2. ---What’s the trouble with Lingling?

---She doesn’t go to________ school and stay in _____bed now. A. a; / B. the; the C. /; / D. /; a

3. ---Do you have _______ dictionary?

---No, but Lucy has ______ new dictionary on the bookshelf. A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a

4. _______ earth is round.

A. A B. An C. The D. /

5. There is _______ “L” in the word “LUCK”. A. a B. the C. an D. /

6. I hope you have ______ happy day today. A. a B. an C. the D. /

7. _______ Whites are having dinner together. A. A B. The C. An D. /

8. There is _______ orange and some pineapples in the basket. A. the B. / C. a D. an

9. Lisa has _______ hat. ______ hat is very beautiful. A. a; A B. an; A C. a; The D. an; /

10. I’m watching_______ movie. It is about_______ interesting love story. A. a; an B. a; a C. the; the D. /; an

二. 句子改错。每句中有一个错误,请改正。

1. July is a seventh month of the year. 2. We wait here for half a hour.

3. Students often play the football after school. 4. It’s an European wolf.

5. They often have a supper in a restaurant. 6. Smiths are talking happily.

7. Are you from the America? 8. Panda live in China.

9. On the Sunday we don’t go to school. 10. Do you know richest man in the village?

名词

名词是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的词。可分为可数名词与不可数名词。

一、可数名词

变复数时,有规则变化和不规则变化两种。 1、规则变化:

1)绝大多数的可数名词在词尾加上s ;

eg:book→books;desk→desks;pen→pens;car→cars s遇t读浊辅音[ts],遇d读清辅音[dz] eg:friend→friends; cat→cats;

2)以s、x、ch、sh结尾的单词,在该词末尾加上-es;读音规则:读[iz]; eg:bus→buses; box→boxes; watch→watchches; dish→dishes

3)以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,要把y变为i,再加-es;读音规则:读[z]。 eg:fly→flies; baby→babies; 元音字母加y结尾的单词直接加s;eg:toy→toys;boy→boys; 4)以-f或-fe结尾的名词,要将-f或-fe变为-v,再加es;读音规则:读[vz];

eg:knife→knives;leaf→leaves;

5)以-o结尾的名词,初级阶段只有三个单词要加-es,其余都加-s;读音规则:读[z]。 eg:tomato→tomatoes西红柿; potato→potatoes土豆; hero→heroes英雄; Negro—Negroes 口诀:“黑人英雄喜欢吃土豆和西红柿” 其余eg:zoo→zoos; hippo→hippos;

2、不规则变化:

1)单词内部发生变化:口诀―oo常常变ee,男人女人a变e‖

eg:foot→feet脚;tooth→teeth牙齿;man→men男人;woman→women女人; 2)单复数相同:―羊鱼小鹿无变化,单数复数是一家‖

eg:sheep→sheep绵羊;fish→fish鱼;deer→deer鹿;

3)不规则变化:child→children孩子;mouse→mice老鼠;German→Germans德国人; 4)某国人的复数有三种类型: 口诀“中日不变,英法变,其它S加后边” (1)Chinese, Japanese单数复数同形,不需加s;

(2)Englishman, Frenchman, Dutchman复数要把 man 变为men; (3)其他各国人以–an, -ian收尾的均直接加s。如:Americans, Australians,

二、不可数名词

不可以数的名词叫做不可数名词。包括物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质)和抽象名词(表示抽象概念的词)。它的特点: ⑴不可数名词没有复数形式。

There’s some water in the bottle.

⑵不可数名词如表数量,常和a bottle of, a glass of等名词词组连用。如表示复数,只把量词改为复数。

a bottle of pop一瓶汽水 , two glasses of orange juice 两杯桔子汁,

(3)不能直接用不定冠a/an或指示代词this that these those和数词one two three等修饰,但可以用定冠词the或 some 或 lots of来修饰。

There’s some milk in the cup.

(4)作主语时谓语用单数形式。 My favourite food is noodles.

(5)用代词指代不可数名词需用单数it,不能用复数they或them。

练习题

写出下列单词的复数形式:

fish- boy- watch- knife- leaf- wife- baby- family- man- woman- child- tooth- goose- mouse- sheep- peach- picture- Chinese- he- his- I- this- is- it- that-

将下列句子改为复数句子:

1. He is looking after the baby.____________________________ 2. It’s a big heavy box. __________________________________ 3. This picture is nice.____________________________________ 4. She is a beautiful woman._______________________________ 5. I’m a good child. ___________________________________ 6. That’s a delicious peach._________________________________

将下列句子改为单数句子:

1. These are red coats. ________________________________________ 2. Who’re the boys? They’re my students.____________________________ 3. They’re women workers here. _____________________________________ 4. Are they playing basketball now? Yes, they are____________________ 5. What are they? They are buses. ________________________________ 6. Those are beautiful flowers._____________________________________ 7. We have many old pictures.____________________________________

请写出下列词的复数形式,没有复数形式的请划出 / 。

city _____ _zoo ______country _____ tooth ____ mouse __ boy____________ broom ___________car ____ tree ______horse ______ bus______________ fox _____ branch ____ baby _____ family _____ country _____ radio _____ photo _____ piano _____ knife _____ leaf _____ life _____ thief _____ _man _____

woman _____ child ___ foot this _____________ watch___________diary____________day____________ book____________ dress____________ sheep___________tea_____________box___________ strawberry_________ peach__________sandwich__________paper_________ juice__________water____________ milk___________ rice__________

people CD ox___________deer____________fish___________

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