AHAM 面包烤色标注T-1-1986 toaster standard

Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers Household Electric Toasters

AHAM T-1-1986

(Revision of ANSI/AHAM T-1-1977)

PREFACE

The Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers develops standards in accordance with AHAM's "Policy and Procedures Governing Technical Standards" which states:

"AHAM standards shall be in the best interest, mutually, of consumers who use

appliances, the industries which provide and service appliances, and other interested

parties. They s hall relate to actual use conditions, be technically and scientifically

sound."

Use or observance of AHAM standards is voluntary.

AHAM standards are presented to the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) for recognition as American National Standards. This standard will be submitted to ANSI for canvass for approval as an American National Standard.

This standard contains:

Test procedures which may be applied to any brand or model of household electric

toaster for measuring performance. R esults of tests in accordance with this standard

may be publicly stated.

Recommended levels of performance which are considered important to include but

which, necessarily, are recommendations only.

With regard to safety, AHAM recommends that all a ppliance products -- both major and portable --manufactured or marketed in the United States be submitted to an appropriate independent laboratory for inspection and listing in conformance with the safety standards and procedures followed by such laboratories. The relevant standard for household electric toasters is ANSI/UL 1026, "Standard for Safety for Electric Household Cooking and Food Serving Appliances".

AHAM welcomes comments and suggestions regarding this standard. Any standard may be reviewed and improved as needed.Any interested party, at any time, may request a change in an AHAM standard. Such requests should be addressed to AHAM's President, and should be accompanied by a statement of reason for the request and a suggested alternate proposal.

Copyright ? 1986 by the Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers (AHAM)

All rights reserved.

The hard copy print version of this document shall be for individual use only.

The electronic file version of this document shall be for storage on one computer for purposes of viewing and/or

printing one copy for individual use only.

This document shall not be reproduced in whole or in part by any means, and shall not be transmitted electronically or otherwise to a third person without the prior written permission of AHAM.

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CONTENTS

Section Page

1.PURPOSE (3)

2.SCOPE (3)

3.DEFINITIONS (3)

3.1 Toaster (3)

3.2 Non-Automatic Toaster (3)

3.3 Automatic Toaster (3)

3.4 Test Bread (3)

4.STANDARD TEST CONDITIONS AND INSTRUMENTATION (3)

4.1 Standard Voltage and Frequency (3)

4.2 Test Area (3)

4.3 Instrumentation (3)

5.STANDARD METHOD FOR MEASURING PERFORMANCE (4)

5.1 Recommended Capability (4)

5.2 Toasting Performance (4)

6.SAFETY (5)

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1.PURPOSE

This standard establishes a uniform, repeatable procedure or standard method for measuring specified product characteristics of household electric toasters.

The standard methods provide a means to compare and evaluate different brands and models of household electric toasters regarding characteristics significant to product use.

The standard methods are not intended to inhibit improvement and innovation in product testing, design or performance.

2.SCOPE

This standard applies to household electric toasters as defined in Section 3.

This standard establishes standard methods for measuring performance and also includes sections on definitions, standard test conditions and instrumentation, and safety for household electric toasters.

The standard methods for measuring performance include recommended levels of performance where, based on experience, results of tests and consumer reaction, sufficient information was available to establish specific levels of product performance.

3.DEFINITIONS

3.1Toaster. A mechanical device with an electric source of power having the capacity of browning or re-heating bread slices on both sides simultaneously.

3.2Non-Automatic Toaster. A toaster which is not equipped with a means of terminating a toasting operation, but relies upon the user's ability to cease a toasting operation.

3.3Automatic Toaster. A toaster which is equipped with a control which automatically terminates the toasting operation at a user pre-selected point.

3.4Test Bread. The test bread to be used in this test is fresh white sandwich bread, 3 3/4 to 4 inches (95 to 100 mm) square, sliced approximately 1/2 inch (13 mm) thick, uniform in moisture content, texture, density and formulation, prepared and baked in a commercial bakery, and stored in the original sealed wrapper for not less than 24 hours or more than 48 hours after baking.

4.STANDARD TEST CONDITIONS AND INSTRUMENTATION

4.1Standard Voltage and Frequency. Conduct tests at 120 volts, 60 hertz (Hz), measured at appliance plug when the toaster is energized.

4.2Test Area. Test in an area free from direct drafts and maintained at a temperature of 73 ± 9o F (23 ± 5o C).

4.3Instrumentation. Electrical measurements must be accurate to within ± 1%.

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5.STANDARD METHOD FOR MEASURING PERFORMANCE

5.1Recommended Capability

5.1.1Dimensions. The toasting compartment should be capable of accepting bread slices

having a dimension of 4 1/2 x 4 1/2 x 5/8 inches (115 x 115 x 16 mm). This size compartment accepts most commonly available bread slices.

5.1.2Use of Test Bread. When using test bread of minimum dimensions, carriage in its

highest position, the bread should extend outside the toaster a minimum of 3/4 inch (19 mm) to facilitate removal of bread.

5.2Toasting Performance

5.2.1Tests. Conduct tests using test bread as defined in 3.4.

5.2.2Surface Color. In order to evaluate consistency in surface appearance when preparing

certain foods, a method of judging color gradients has been developed.

These color gradients, although subjective, can be used to compare and relate the results of the

performance tests.

The gradients have been established on a "1" to "9" scale with "1" being extremely light, "9"

extremely dark as defined below:

Extremely dark - the surface has evidence of charring.

This color scale is then divided into seven additional shades of color each equally discernible from the adjacent shade and contained within the extremes of light and dark.

5.2.3Speed of Operation. With test bread in all toasting chambers and the toaster started at

ambient temperature, determine the time to toast the test bread to a medium degree of color

(#5) specified in 5.2.2.

5.2.4Color Range - Automatic Toaster. Toasters with automatic controls should provide a

color range of at least five distinct shades of toast within the definitions of 5.2.2. The lightest

should have a tinge of color (#1) and the darkest should have signs of charring (not exceeding

#9).

5.2.5Recommended Color Consistency - Automatic Toaster. At any color setting, at

standard voltage input, the color of the same side of consecutive slices of toast should not

change more than one shade (see 5.2.2) between consecutive toastings nor more than two

shades through five consecutive toastings. The time between consecutive toastings is not to

exceed 1 minute. This performance test is conducted with maximum and minimum (1 slice)

toasting capacity of the toaster.

During any individual toasting operation (whether 1 slice or more) the color of the two sides of any individual slice of bread should not differ by more than two shades of color. All sides taken from a

multiple slice toaster should not differ by more than three shades of color.

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5.2.6Consistency of Color Within Voltage Range - Automatic Toaster. Household

electric toasters should be capable of producing toast when operated within the voltage input range of 106 - 127 volts. The variance of color of the same side of toast at mid-color range of the toaster, when operating at 106 volts or 127 volts input compared to operating at 120 volts input should not differ by more than three shades.

6.SAFETY

It is recommended that electric toasters meet the safety requirements of Underwriters Laboratories Standard No. 1026, "Standard for Safety for Electric Household Cooking and Food Serving Appliances," latest edition.*

*Copies are available from Underwriters Laboratories Inc., 333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, Illinois 60062; 1285 Walt Whitman Road, Melville, Long Island, New York 11747; and 1655 Scott Boulevard, Santa Clara, California 95050.

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Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers 1111 19th Street, NW ? Suite 402 ? Washington, DC

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