七年级英语暑假专题 浅谈 whats…的结构、wheres...的结构 外研

初一英语暑假专题：浅谈 what’s?的结构、where’s ...的结构外

研社（初中起点）

【本讲教育信息】

一. 教学内容：

暑假专题：浅谈 what’s…的结构、where’s ...的结构、it作形式主语和形式宾语的用法

［学习过程］

1. what’s+地点状语，是我们常见的特殊疑问句。它可以有两种回答。一是there be 句式。二是主系表结构的句式。

What’s in the box?

回答一：There is an apple in the box.或There are some apples in the box. 回答二：An/The apple is in it.（不可用The/Some apples are in it. ）

那么在回答二中为什么不可用The/Some apples are in it 呢？因为当对there be 句型中的主语提问时，不管主语是单数还是复数，是可数名词还是不可数名词，一律用what’s (there)… 来提问。回答要根据实际情况，可用there is 或there are。如果对主系表结构的主语提问时，对单数就用what’s…，对复数就用what are…。回答时那当然就要单数对单数，复数对复数了。

那么对what’s …的提问，究竟用哪种形式呢？首先我们要认识there be 结构与主系表结构的区别。

there be 结构中的主语是一种泛指的情况。它总是带不定冠词，零冠词或表示非限制性的词来修饰，不可用定冠词，物主代词或表示限制性的词来修饰。这种结构对主语提问时，也往往用what’s there +地点状语的形式，这是比较正式的提问形式。回答时无疑要用there be句型来回答了。而主系表结构句式中的主语可以用限制词或非限制词来修饰。当对其主语来提问时其结构就是what’s /what’re+地点状语的形式。回答时当然就要单数用单数，复数用复数了。在回答中既可是特指的人或物，也可是泛指的人或物，请看下面的句子。

What’s there on the bookcase?

There is a book on it.或There are some books on it. What are on the table? Two books are on the table. 或The books are on the table. 或They are books.

What’s on the bookcase? The dictionary is on it. 或It is a dictionary. 或A dictionary is on it.

或There is a dictionary on it. 或There are some books on it.

2. 现在来谈一下where is+主语的结构形式。where’s…的结构形式有where is …和 where are…，都表示“??在??哪？”的特殊疑问句，多用来表示特指的情况。如：

Where is the post office? It is across from the bank. Where are your books? They are in my school bag. 但当表示泛指的东西时，就要用Where is there… 的结构形式。如问：在哪儿有个银行？要说Where is there a bank ?回答时用There is a bank next to the market.如果问：公用电话在哪

儿？要说Where is the pay phone? 回答时用It is in front of the market.

再附带说一句，语言是离不开环境和语境的，到实践中去体验应用吧。 3. it作形式主语和形式宾语的用法

it除了作代词来指代意义外，还可以作形式主语和形式宾语。这种用法是初中阶段学习的语法项目之一。下面就来看一看它的用法。 （一）it作形式主语

（1）当不定式、动名词、或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，常用it 做形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it 只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。如：

It is wrong to tell a lie. 说谎是错误的。 （2）it作形式主语的常见句型。

①it + be +形容词=to do sth. /doing /that 如：

It is surprising that she married a man like that. 她嫁给那样的男人真让人惊讶。 ②it +be+名词词组+doing/that… 如： It is no good telling lies.说谎没好处。

It is a pity that you didn’t go to see a film.你没看成那部电影真遗憾。

③it +be+过去分词+that…该句型常见的词有say, hope, think, suppose, expect, report, know, believe, decide:

如：It is said that they have invented a new type of computer. 据说他们发明了一种新电脑。

④it +seems/ appears/ happens 等不及物动词+that. 如：

It seems that he enjoys pop songs very much. 似乎他很喜欢流行歌曲。

It appears that he might change his mind. 看来他可能改变主意。

⑤如句子是疑问形式，就只能用it 作形式主语。如： Does it matter much that they won’t come tomorrow? 他们明天不来很重要吗?

Is it true that he will go abroad next week? 他下周出国是真的吗?

⑥It takes +sb.+ sometime +to do sth.这是一个表示某人花了多少时间做某事的句型。其中it是形式主语，代替后面的不定式，句中的sb，也可省略。

如：It takes me some time to read the material. 我花了一些时间才读完那段材料。

I am not sure, but I think it takes at least nine hours to get there . 我不能肯定，但估计至少要9个小时才能到那儿。

（二）it 作形式宾语

当不定式、动名词、或从句在某个句子中作宾语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，防止结构的混乱，常用it 作宾语。而将真正的宾语放在句尾。此时it 只起先行引导的作用，本身无词义。常见句型如下。

①当不定式，动名词，从句在复合宾语结构中作某些动词的宾语时，(如think, feelm suppose等) 如：

He makes it a rule never to borrow money. 他立志不向别人借钱。

②某些表示喜怒哀乐的动词，如like, enjoy, love, hate等，往往不能接宾语从句。如： I don’t like it that he is so lazy. 我不喜欢他那么懒惰。

I hate it that my mother asks me to eat eggs. 我讨厌妈妈叫我吃鸡蛋。

③that引导的宾语从句不能直接作介词的宾语，如：

You may depend on it that we shall always help you. 尽管放心，我们会及时帮你的。

④由及物动词与介词组成的固定搭配中，宾语从句若作该动词的宾语时，须借用it。如： We owe it to you that there wasn’t a serious accident. 多亏了你才没有发生重大事故。

【模拟试题】

一. 词形转换：根据语境及首字母提示填入一个恰当的词，使句意完整正确。 1. There are two p______ of paper on the desk. 2. March，12th is t________ planting day.

3. When you plant a tree，first you can find a g_____ ，it is neither too dry nor too wet. 4. W_____ shoes are they? They are Llucy’s. 5. Our English teacher is from A_________. 6. We see everything with our o_____ eyes. 7. He is c_______ the picture. 8. He is e_______ in English. 9. I want a good j______ . 10. Lily is m______ tea.

二. 同义词（组）辨析：用所给词（组）的适当形式填空。 hold / have

1. This afternoon we will ________ a sport meeting. 2. Do you _____ an English class?

3. The hall is big enough to ______ 2000 people. 4. The man ____ rope and jumps into the window.

glass / glasses

5. Here are my ______。 6. The glass is made of _______.

fall / drop

7. The apple _____ from the tree. 8. I ____ and hurt my leg in the race. 9. Night _____down. 10. The price ______.

三. Target Language集中练 （根据实际情况而定） I. 句型转换

1. Tom is watching TV. (划线提问)

_______ ______ Tom _________?

2. They are playing basketball.(变一般疑问句) ______ ______ playing basketball? 3. It’s raining. (变否定句)

It ______ ______ raining.

4. What is the weather like ? (同义句) ______ the weather ?

5. They are enjoying themselves. (同义句) They are ______ a good ______ .

II. 仿照例句改写下列句子

Model： I am reading. (he，write) He is not reading.He is writing. 1. I am talking. (LiuYing， sing)

___________________________________

2. Lin Tao is studying .(Liu Hai ，play computer games) _____________________________________ 3. The teacher is standing.(The students，sit)

_____________________________________

4. Aunt Sarah is cooking.(Uncle Joe ，play basketball) _____________________________________ 5. It is raining in Beijing. (It snow， in Qiqihar) _____________________________________

四. 单项选择：根据语境选择最佳答案。

（ ）1. What’s he doing ? He _____ a picture.

A. draw B.to draw C. draws D. is drawing （ ）2. She can’t go with you， she _____ homework now. A. do B. does C. is doing （ ）3. Listen，the bird ____ in the tree.

D. is doesing

A. sing B. singing C. is singing D. is sing （ ）4. I want _____ some cakes.

A. buy B. buying C.buys （ ）5. Please tell me _________ .

D. to buy

A. what are they doing B. what they are doing C. what are them doing D.what them are doing

（ ）6. Lucy, could you please help me ____ _____ the map on the wall ? A. put up B. put off C. put out （ ）7. The leaves are _____ from the tree.

D. put down

A. fall off B. fall down C. falling off D. falling down （ ）8. How is it ______ ? It is not bad.

A. go B.going C.goes D. is （ ）9. What is Mary _______ ? She is doing her homework.

A. like B.do C.doing D.does （ ）10. One man is taking a photo ____ the tower. A. of B. on C.for （ ）11. Look! Some people are _____ horses

D. at

A. ride B. to ride C. riding D. rideing （ ）12. Li Yong is a reporter _____ CCTV’s program. A. from B. of C. for D. at （ ）13. It is windy and cold _____ winter ____ Paris. A. in, in B. on, in C. in, of （ ）14. What are Lucy and Lily doing?

D. on, on

They _______ tea in the garden. A. are drinking B.drank C. have drunk.

（ ）15. Don’t talk loudly here.My little baby _______.

A. has gone out B. is sleeping C.sleeps D. went to sleep

五. 完形填空：根据语境用所给词的适当形式填空。

whose, like, falling, flying, tree, windy, fly, weather, mine, climb

Hangfang：What is the ___1____ __2____ today，Dad ?

Father：It is __3___. It is a good day to __4___ our kites. __5____ kite is that ? Hangfang：It is __6___. The green one is Wei Gang’s. Father：Wei Gang’s kite is ___7_____ very high.

Hangfang：Oh，No.His kite is ___8___ down. It is in a ____9____ now! Father：Have we got a ladder? Hangfang：Yes ，we have.

Father：Good. We will __10____ up the ladder to get the kite. Hangfang：Excellent idea，Dad!

根据语境选择最佳答案。

It is a fine Sunday morning. There are many people in the park. Many of ____1____ are young, and some are old.

Some young pioneers are ____2___ games over there. Two boys are playing ____3____ their yo—yos. A girl is ____4____ a kite. Two children are ____5_____ a toy boat. There is a lake in the park. The water is clean. There are some ____6_____ on the lake. Near the lake a young man is reading. There is a house near the lake. Beside ____7_____ house two men are working. A woman is ____8____ the flowers.

Look at that big tree . There are some birds ____9____ it. Under it are some men. Four of them are playing cards. One of them is ____10_____ two cats. The cats are running up the tree. What do they want to do ? They want to catch the birds. （ ）1. A. they B. them C. their D. theirs （ ）2. A. playing B. play C. plays D. doing （ ）3. A. to B. on C. with D. for （ ）4. A. flying B. playing C. flies D. fly

（ ）5. A. doing （ ）6. A. birds （ ）7. A. a （ ）8. A. playing （ ）9. A. in （ ）10. A. in B. making C. flying B. ships C. buses B. an C. the B. making C. flying B. on C.under B. looking like C. look at D.reading

D. boats D. / D. watering D.at

D. looking at

六. 交际运用：从A—G选项中选出填入空白处的5个最佳选项补全对话。

A. How are you today? B. Who’s that over there ? C. Oh,I am in Class 6,too,but my school is in America! D. What do you usually do at the weekends, Danny? E. Thank you. F. I usually fly kites with my friends. G. Sure!

GuMing：Good afternoon，WeiHua._______1_______.

WeiHua：I am very well，thanks.Are you having a nice time at the party？

GuMing：Yes，I am.It is a great party.________2_________ WeiHua：Oh，that’s my cousin，Danny. He is from America. ?? ??.

WeiHua：Danny, this is GuMing. GuMing, this is Danny .

Danny：Hello.Nice to meet you. GuMing：Pleased to meet you.

Danny：Are you in the same Class as WeiHua? GuMing：No, I am in Class 6.

Danny：______3______

GuMing：How long are your lessons ?

Danny：The lessons are 35 minutes long， I have eight lessons each day. GuMing：I see._______4_____ Danny：I usually play basketball. GuMing：Me，too.

Danny：That is good. Let’s play basketball next weekend. GuMing：_________5________

根据语境，补全对话，每空填入一句完整的话。 A：Hello，Jenny.

B：Hi，Bob，_______1_______?

A：It is sunny，________2__________?

B：No，I am watching TV， a wonderful basketball is on. Jim will go with you. Jim, _______3_________ ?

C：I am doing my homework.______4_________? A：I want to play basketball，but nobody is free.

C：______5_______. I will finish my homework at once.

A：Great! I will wait for you ! C：OK!

七. 阅读理解 根据短文内容选择最佳答案

（A）

Li Ming likes walking.He goes for a walk after his father comes back from work. Li Ming likes water very much. He often throw his toys into the water. He plays with the water and some times he is wet all over.(全身湿透).His mother says，“You are from fish， I think.”Li Ming is very glad.“Yes，I like fish very much because fish can swim.” One day，Li Ming goes to a park with his father.There are many trees and flowers in the park. There are a lot of people in the park. Some of them are sitting under the tree. Some of them are sitting at the tables and having tea or drinks. There is a big swimming pool in the middle of the park. Li Ming asks his father to take him to the pool.“Why do you want to go there ?” asks his father.

“I want to learn swimming,” answers Li Ming. “And you can teach me，I think.”

“You are too young, and I am sorry I can’t swim.” says his father.

“You can’t swim?Wang Hai’s father swims very well .Why can’t you swim?” “His father likes eating fish.So his father swims very well.”says his father.

“Oh，I see.” says Li Ming.“But you like eating chicken very much. Can you lay eggs(下蛋)?” asks Li Ming.

1. Li Ming often walks with ____________________. A. his mother B. his father C. his friend D. Wang Hai

2. Li Ming doesn’t go to school because he is too ____________________. A. small B. tall C. young D. short 3. Li Ming’s father doesn’t ________________ on Sundays. A. go to school B. go shopping C. go home D. go to work 4. There are many ________________ in the park on weekends. A. people B. trees C. flowers D. tables 5. When he hears his son’s words，he will be ________________________. A. happy

B.angry

C. excited （B）

根据短文内容判断正（T）误（F）。

My name is WangQiang. I live in China. I have a pen pal from the USA. His name is Tom.He is 13. He speaks English. He can speak a little chinese. He has a sister and a brother.He likes music and dancing，but he doesn’t like math.He usually gets up early in the morning.Now，look at the pictures. In the first photo，he is eating dinner with his family. In the next photo，he is playing basketball at school. In the last photo，you can see he is swimming at the pool. He is a good boy，and he has a happy family. Do you want to make friends with him? （ ）1. There are 5 people in Tom’s family. （ ）2. Tom is from A merica.

（ ）3. Tom’s favourite subject is math. （ ）4. Tom can’t play basketball.

D. afraid

（ ）5. Wang Qiang is from China.

（C）

根据短文内容补全句子

A：Ping Ping! It is 8：00 o’clock .You must get up.

B：Oh，yes.Where are my new shoes，Mum? A：Here they are. In the box under the bed. B：Thanks, Mum.

A：Time for breakfast, have some milk and two eggs. All right ? B：Sorry，Mum.I don’t have enough time for it . A：Where are you going ? Why are you in a hurry ? B：I am going to school, I am late. A：But what day is it today ? B：Oh, it is Sunday.

A：That is right. You don’t go to school on Sunday, right? 1. At 8：00 o’clock Ping Ping is ______ ________.

2. Ping Ping is __________ ________ his new shoes.

3. His new shoes are ___________ ___________ _________ under the bed. 4. Ping Ping is going to ________.

5. His mother tells him that it is _________, he doesn’t go to school at all.

（D）

根据表格提供的信息回答问题

Person Mike Kate Mr Brown Mrs.Brown age 12 4 41 40 Job student / worker teacher Activity Cleaning the bike Playing with the cat Sitting and reading the paper Watering the flowers 1. How many people are there in Mike’s family ? ___________________________________________ 2. What is Mike’s father doing ?

___________________________________________ 3. Is Kate watering the flowers with her mother ? ___________________________________________ 4. Are they Chinese people ?

___________________________________________ 5. What is Mike doing ?

___________________________________________

八. 书面表达

（A）假设你是班长（李华），请拟一份通知：后天9：00 在学校门口集合，带上工具，穿上旧衣服，到山上去参加植树劳动。

（B）这是一个五口之家。今天是周末，每个人都有自己的安排，请你发挥想象，说一说他们的活动安排。词数不少于70词。

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【试题答案】

一. 1. pieces

2. tree

3. ground 7. coloring 3. hold 7. falls

4. Whose 8. excellent 4. holds 8. fall

5. America/Australia 9. job 二. 1. have/hold 5. glasses 9. falls 三. I. 1. What is, doing

6. own 10. making 2. have 6. glass 10. drops

2. Are they

3. is not 4. How’s

5. having, time

II. 1. LiuYing isn’t talking. LiuYing is singing.

2. LiuHai isn’t studying. LiuHai is playing computer games. 3. The students aren’t standing . The students are sitting. 4. Uncle Joe isn’t cooking. Uncle Joe is playing basketball. 5. It isn’t raining in Qiqihar. It is snowing in Qiqihar. 四. 1—5 DCCDB 6—10 ADBCA 11—15 CCAAB 五. 1. weather 2. like 3. windy 4. fly 5. Whose 9. tree 1—5 BACAB 六. 1—5 ABCDG

6. mine 7. flying 10. climb

6—10 DCDAD

8. falling

1. What is the weather like ?

2. Do you want to play basketball? 3. What are you doing ? 4. What is up ? 5. Don’t worry.

七. （A）1—5 BCDAB

（B）TTFFT （C）1. in bed 2. looking for （D） 1. Four

2. He is sitting and reading the paper. 3. No，she isn’t. 4. No，they aren’t. 5. He is cleaning the bike. 八.

3. in the box 4. school 5. Sunday

（A） Notice

To everyone，

Tree planting day is coming.We will plant the trees on the hill. The day after tomorrow， we will gather at the school gate .Please take your tools, wear your old clothes.

Your monitor,

Li Hua

（B）

There are five people in Bill’s family.They like to spend their weekend.On the weekends they often go to the park.But on this weekend，his father takes his dog for a walk. Bill’s mother goes shopping with her daughter, Lucy. After shopping, Lucy goes to a movie because she knows there is an excellent film has been on for many days. Bill and his brother play football with their friends.They play very well. The students call them “the King of the football”.They are very proud of this . I think they will have a good time at the weekend.

There are five people in Bill’s family.They like to spend their weekend.On the weekends they often go to the park.But on this weekend，his father takes his dog for a walk. Bill’s mother goes shopping with her daughter, Lucy. After shopping, Lucy goes to a movie because she knows there is an excellent film has been on for many days. Bill and his brother play football with their friends.They play very well. The students call them “the King of the football”.They are very proud of this . I think they will have a good time at the weekend.

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