1-10知识点

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为您服务教育网 http://www.wsbedu.com/ 新目标九年级英语期末复习手册

Unit1-10重点知识梳理

Unit 1

一:知识点

2.By: ①通过?..方式(途径)。例:I learn English by listening to tapes. ②在?..旁边。例:by the window/the door ③乘坐交通工具 例:by bus/car

④在??之前,到??为止。例:by October在10月前 ⑤被 例:English is spoken by many people. 3.how与what的区别:

how通常对方式或程度提问,意思有:怎么样 如何,通常用来做状语、表语。 what通常对动作的发出者或接受者提问,意思为 什么,通常做宾语,主语。 How is your summer holiday? It’s OK.(how表示程度 做表语) How did you travel around the world? I travel by air.

What do you learn at school? I learn English, math and many other subjects. 4.aloud, loud ,loudly 均可做副词。

aloud 出声地 大声地 多与read 、speak连用 例如:read aloud 朗读 speak aloud说出声来

loud 大声地 响亮地 loudly 高声地 多指喧闹声和不悦耳的声音。

5. voice 指人的嗓音 也指鸟鸣。 sound 指人可以听到的各种声音。 noise 指噪音、吵闹声 6. find + 宾语 + 宾补(名词 形容词 介词短语 分词等)

例:I find him friendly. I found him working in the garden. We found him in bed. He found the window closed. 7. 常见的系动词有: ①是:am 、is、 are ②保持:keep、 stay

③ 转变:become、 get、 turn ④ ??起来 feel、 look、 smell、 taste、 sound 8. get + 宾语 + 宾补(形容词 过去分词 动词不定式) 使某种情况发生

例:Get the shoes clean. 把鞋擦干净 Get Mr. Green to come. 让格林先生进来 I want to get my bike repaired. 我想去修自行车 You can’t get him waiting. 你不能让他老等着 9. 动词不定式做定语

①与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系

The next train to arrive was from New York. He is always the first to come. ②与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系

I have nothing to say. I need a pen to write with. I need some paper to write on. I don’t have a room to live in. 10. practice , fun 做名词为不可数名词 11. add 补充说 又说 12. join 加入某团体 并成为其中一员 attend 出席参加会议或讲座 join in与take part in指参加到某项活动中去。

13.all、 both、 always以及every复合词与not连用构成部分否定。其完全否定为:all---none,

both---neither, everything---nothing, everybody---nobody.

14.be afraid of害怕 be afraid to害怕 be afraid that恐怕担心,表示委婉语气 15.either:

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为您服务教育网 http://www.wsbedu.com/ ①放在否定句末表示“也” ②两者中的“任一”

③either?or? 或者?或者.?引导主语部分,谓语动词按照就近原则处理 16.complete完成,是个较正式的词,后不能接动名词 finish指日常事物的完成 17.a,an 与序数词连用表示“又一”,“再一”。

例:Please give me a second apple. There comes a fifth girl. 18.have trouble/difficult/problem (in) doing?.. 干?..遇到麻烦,困难

19.unless 除非,如果不,等于“if not”本身就表示否定,引导条件状语从句,主句为将来时,条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。

例:My baby sister doesn’t cry unless she’s hungry. =My baby sister doesn’t cry if she isn’t hungry.

Unless you take more care, you’ll have an accident.如果你不多加小心的话,你会出事的。 20.instead:adv 代替,更换。

例:We have no coffee, would you like tea instead? 我们没有咖啡了,改喝茶好吗? Stuart was ill, so I went instead. 斯图尔病了,所以换了我去。 instead of 作为某人或某事物的替换

例:Let’s play cards instead of watching TV. Give me the red one instead of the green one.

21.spoken 口头的,口语的。 Speaking 讲话的,说某种语言的。 二,短语:

1.by making flashcards 通过做单词抽认卡 2. ask?for help 向某人求助 3.read aloud 朗读 4.that way (=in that way) 通过那种方式 5.improve my speaking skills 提高我的会话技巧

6.for example (=for instance)例如 7.have fun 玩得高兴 8.have conversations with friends 与朋友对话 9.get excited 高兴,激动 10.end up speaking in Chinese 以说汉语结束对话

11.do a survey about? 做有关?的调查 12.keep an English notebook 记英语笔记13.spoken English (= oral English) 英语口语 14.make mistakes 犯错误 15.get the pronunciation right 使发音准确

16.practise speaking English 练习说英语 17.first of all 首先 18.begin with 以?开始 19.later on 随后 20.in class在课堂上 21.laught at 嘲笑 22.take notes 记笔记 23.enjoy doing 喜欢干? 24.write down 写下,记下

25.look up (v + adv) 查找,查询 26.native speakers 说本族话的人 27.make up 编造,虚构,化妆,打扮 28.around the world 全世界

29.deal with 对待,处理,解决 30.worry about (be worried about) 担心,担忧 31.be angry with 生某人的气 32.stay angry 生气

33.go by 消逝 34. regard?as? 把?当做?

35.complain about/of 抱怨 36. change?into? 把?变成? (= turn into) 37.with the help of 在?的帮助下 38. compare?to (with)? 把?和?作比较 39.think of (think about) 想起,想到 40.physical problems身体上的问题 41.break off 中断,突然终止 42. not?at all 根本不,全然不 三,句子

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为您服务教育网 http://www.wsbedu.com/ 1. How do you study for a test? 你怎样为考试做准备?

2. I have learned a lot that way. 用那种方法,我已经学到了很多东西。 3.It’s too hard to understand the voice. 听懂那些声音太难了。

4.Memorizing the words of pop songs also helped a little.记流行歌曲的词也起作用。 5. Wei Ming feels differently. 卫明有不同的感受。

6.He finds watching movies frustrating. 他觉得看电影让人感到沮丧.

7.She added that having conversations with friends was not helpful at all. 她又说和朋友对话根本没用。

8.I don’t have a partner to practice English with. 我没有搭档一起练习英语。 9.Later on, I realized that it doesn’t matter if you don’t understand every word.随后,我认识到听不懂每个词并没有关系。

10.It’s amazing how much this helped. 我惊异于这些方法竟如此有用。 11.My teacher is very impressed. 给老师留下了深刻的印象。

12.She had trouble making complete sentences. 她很难造出完整的句子。 13.What do you think you are doing? 你在做什么?

14.Most people speak English as a second language. 英语对于大多数人来说是第二语言。 15.How do we deal with our problem? 我们怎样处理我们的问题?

16.It is our duty to try our best to deal with each challenge in our education with the help of our teachers. 在老师的帮助下尽我们最大的努力来应对挑战是我们的责任。 He can’t walk or even speak.他无法走路,甚至无法说话

Unit 2

一. 知识点

1. used to 过去常常做某事,暗指现在已经不存在的动作或状态. 后跟动词原形.

否定形式为: didn’t use to 或 usedn’t to 疑问形式为: Did?use to?? 或 Used?to?? be/get used to 习惯于, to 为介词.

2. wear 表示状态. put on 表示动作. dress + 人 给某人穿衣服. 3. on the swim team on 是?的成员,在?供职. 4. Don’t you remember me? 否定疑问句.

Yes, I do. 不, 我记得. No, I don’t 是的, 我不记得了. 5. 反意疑问句:

① 陈述部分的主语为 this, that, 疑问部分主语用it; 陈述部分主语用 these, those, 疑问部分用they 做主语.

例: This is a new story, isn’t it? Those are your parents, aren’t they? ② 陈述部分是 there be 结构, 疑问部分仍用 there 例: There was a man named Paul, wasn’t there? ③ I am 后的疑问句, 用aren’t I 例: I am in Class 2, aren’t I?

④ 陈述部分与含有 not, no, never, few, little, hardly, seldom, neither, none 等词时,疑问部分用肯定.

例: Few people liked this movie, didn’t they?

但陈述句中若带有否定前缀或后缀的单词时, 这个句子仍视为肯定, 后面仍用否定. 例: Your sister is unhappy, isn’t she?

⑤ 陈述部分的主语若为不定式或 V-ing 短语, 疑问部分主语用it. 例: To spend so much money on clothes is unnecessary, isn’t it?

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为您服务教育网 http://www.wsbedu.com/ ⑥ 陈述句中主语是 nobody, no one, everyone, everybody 等指人的不定代词时,疑问部分用they做主语; 若陈述部分主语是 something, anything, noting, everything 等指事物的不定代词时, 疑问部分用it 做主语.

例: Nobody says one word about the accident, do they? Everything seems perfect, doesn’t it?

⑦ 当主语是第一人称I时, 若谓动为think, believe, guess 等词时, 且其后跟宾丛,这时疑问句部分的人称, 时态要与宾语从句保持一致, 同时还要考虑否定转移. 例: I don’t think he can finish the work in time, can he? ⑧ 前面是祈使句, 后用 will you? (let’s 开头时, 后用shall we?) 6. be terrified of 害怕的程度比 be afraid of 深.

7. miss: ① 思念, 想念 例: I really miss the old days. ② 错过, 未中, 未赶上, 未找到.

例: It’s a pity that you miss the bus.

8. no more (用在句中)=not?any more (用在句尾) 指次数; no longer (用在句中)=not?any longer (用在句尾) 指时间.

9. right: ① adj. 正确的, 对的, 右边的② n. 右方, 权利③ adv. 直接地.

10. It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot. = Yu Mei seems to have changed a lot. 11. afford + n. /pron. afford + to do 常与can, be able to 连用. 例: Can you afford a new car?

The film couldn’t afford to pay such large salaries.

12. as well as 连词, 不但?而且? 强调前者. (若引导主语, 谓动与前者在人称和数上一致

例: Living things need air and light as well as water. 生命不仅需要水, 还需要空气和阳光.

13. alone = by oneself 独自一人. lonely 孤独的, 寂寞的.

14. in the last/past + 一段时间 during the last/past + 一段时间 与现在完成时连用. 15. die (v.) dead (adj.) death (n.) dying (垂死的) 二. 短语

1. be more interested in 对?更感兴趣.2. on the swim team 游泳队的队员. 3. be terrified of 害怕.4. gym class 体操课.5. worry about. 担心. 6. all the time 一直, 总是7. chat with 与?闲聊8. hardly ever 几乎从不 9. walk to school = go to school on foot take the bus to school = go to school by bus

10. as well as 不仅?而且 11. get into trouble 遇到麻烦 12. make a decision 做出决定 13. to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是 14. take pride in 为?感到骄傲 15. pay attention to 留心, 注意 16. consist of 由?组成/构成. be made up of 由?组成/构成. 17. instead of 代替, 而不是 18. in the end 最后, 终于 19. play the piano 弹钢琴 三.句子

1.I used to be afraid of the dark. 我以前害怕黑暗.

2.I go to sleep with my bedroom light on. 我开着卧室的灯睡觉. 3.I used to spend a lot of time playing games with my friends. 以前我常常花很多时间和我的朋友们玩游戏.

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为您服务教育网 http://www.wsbedu.com/ 4.I hardly ever have time for concerts. 我几乎没有时间去听音乐会. 5.My life has changed a lot in the last few years. 6.It will make you stressed out. 那会使你紧张的.

7.It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot. 玉梅似乎变化很大.

Unit 3

一.知识点

1.被动语态的谓语动词形式: be的各种时态形式+v-ed 含情态动词的: can/may/must/should be + v-ed

2.get/have + n./pron. + v-ed 叫/让/请别人做某事(即使谋事被做) 例: I want to get my coat mended. 我要缝衣服.

3.allow sb to do sth 允许某人做? allow doing sth 允许做? 4.drive : ① 驾车,驾驶. ② 驱赶,驱使.

例: What drives them to rob the shop? 什么驱使他们去抢商店?

5.stupid silly foolish 三个词都有“蠢”的意思.但略有不同.stupid 程度最强,指智力 理解力 学习能力差. silly 指头脑简单,傻头傻脑,使人觉得可笑,带有感情色彩. foolish 尤其在口语中广泛使用.

例: He is stupid in learning math. 他学习数学很笨.

Stop asking such silly questions. 别再问这样傻的问题了.

You are foolish to throw away such a good chance. 你真蠢,丢掉这样一个好机会. 6.He doesn’t seem to have many friends.=It seems that he doesn’t have many friends. =He seems not to have many friends.

7.倒装句: So + be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语(前为肯定局) 表示与前面所述事实一致. Neither/Nor + be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语(前为否定) 表示与前面所述事实一致. 例: He likes oranges. So do we. He doesn’t like oranges. Neither do we.

Tom can swim. So can John. Tom can’t swim. Neither can John. So +主语+ be动词/助动词/情态动词 表示对前面事实的进一步确认. 例: Henry is very tired. So he is.(的确是)

He surfed Internet for two hours. So he did.(的确是) They will win the game. So they will.(他们会的) 8.until 用于肯定句中,前面句子中的谓动必须是延续性的.

9.clean (v.) 打扫,清理 clean up 比较彻底地打扫,清理 clean out 打扫,清理地最彻底.

10.fail a test = fail in a test 考试不及格 11.be strict with+人. be strict in+事物.

例: The head teacher is strict with his students He is strict in the work. 12.the other day 前几天,不久前的一天.(用于过去时) 13.concentrate on? 全神贯注做?

例: This company concentrates on China market. 这家公司把重点放在中国市场上. 14. more?than?①与其说?不如说?; 比?更?

例: The man is more stupid than nervous.与其说那人紧张,倒不如说他愚蠢. ②在这一结构中,more做adj. 修饰名词,表示“比?多”

例:I have more books than you. 我的书比你的多.

15.volunteer ① n. 自愿者. ② v. volunteer to do sth. 自愿做?

例: We all volunteered to help in the old people’s home.我们都志愿到敬老院帮忙.

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为您服务教育网 http://www.wsbedu.com/ 16.chance 指侥幸的,偶尔的机会,还可表示“可能性” opportunity 指有利的时机,良机. 二者有时可以互换. Have an opportunity to do sth 有做?的机会.

Don’t be too frustrated. You’ll have another opportunity to go to college next year. 别太沮丧了,你还有上大学的机会.

17. experience : ①可数名词 “经历,体验” 例: Please tell us something about your experiences.②不可数名词 “经验” 例: He is a man of rich experience. ③动词“经历” 例: She experienced lots of suffering. 18. off 不工作,不上班,不上学,不值班.

例: I think I’ll take the afternoon off. 我想下午歇班. She is off today. 她今天休息.

I have three days off next week. 下周我有三天假.

19. reply 与 answer 两者有时可通用. reply比answer正式,一般指经过思考的.有针对性的,详细的回答,往往与to连用.answer是一般用语,可直接带宾语. 另外answer还有“应答”之意.如answer the door/telephone 20. get in the way (of)... 妨碍...

例: He never gets in others’ way. 他从不妨碍别人.

The bikes over there will get in the way of others. 自行车放在那里会妨碍别人的. 21. success (n.) successful (adj.) succeed (v.) 22. do does did 用在另一个动词前表示强调.

例: He does speak well. 他真的讲的很好. Do be quiet. 务必安静. 23. in the end = finally = at last 最后.

24. importance (n.) important (adj.) 25. be serious about 对?热忠/极感兴趣. 例: I’m serious about the problem.

To tell you the truth, I’m not serious about math at all. 26. only 处于句首,并后跟状语时,全句需要倒装.

例: Only then did he understand it. 只有到那时,他才明白.

Only in this way can we learn English well. 只有这样我们才能把英语学好. Only when she came home, did he learn the news. 当她到家时,他才得知了这消息. 27. care about 关心,在乎,在意.

例: No one cares about others nowadays. 现在没人关心别人. I don’t care about what he does. 我并不在意他干什么.

28. clothes 统指身上穿的各种服装,包括上衣,裤子,内衣等,做主语,谓语动词按复数处理.

clothing 不可数名词,是服装的总称,包括各种衣服,帽子,鞋袜等.做主语谓动按单三处理. cloth 布料. 二.短语

1. be allowed to do sth 被允许干? allow sb to do sth 允许某人干? allow doing sth 允许干?

2. sixteen-year-olds = sixteen-year-old boys and girls 16岁的孩子 3. part-time jobs 兼职工作 4. a driver’s license 驾照 5. on weekends 在周末 6. at that age 在那个年龄段 7. on school nights 在上学期间的每个晚上 8. stay up 熬夜

9. clean up (相当与及物动词) 清扫 10. fail (in) a test 考试不及格

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为您服务教育网 http://www.wsbedu.com/ 11. take the test 参加考试 12. the other day 前几天 13. all my classmates 我所有的同学 14. concentrate on 全神贯注于 15. be good for 对?有益 16. in groups 成群的,按组的 17. get noisy 吵闹(系表结构) 18. learn from 向某人学习

19. at present 目前,现在 20. have an opportunity to do sth 有做?的机会 21.English-English dictionary 英英词典 22. at least 至少 23.eight hours’ sleep a night 每晚8小时的睡眠

24. an old people’s home 敬老院 25. take time to do sth 花费时间干? 26. primary schools 小学 27. have?off 放假,休息 28. reply to 回答,答复 29. get in the way of 妨碍

30. a professional athlete 职业运动员 31. achieve one’s dreams 实现梦想 32. think about 思考,考虑 33. in the end 最后,终于 34. be serious about 对?热忠/极感兴趣

35. spend?on + n. spend ?(in) + v-ing 在?上花费时间/金钱 36. care about 关心,担心,在乎 37. agree with 同意? 三.句子

1. I don’t think twelve-year-olds should be allowed to get their ears pierced. 我认为不应该允许12岁的孩子穿耳孔.

2.They talk instead of doing homework. 他们聊天而不是做作业. 3.He is allowed to stay up until 11:00 pm. 允许他们熬到晚上11点. 4.We should be allowed to take time to do things like that more often. 我们应该被允许更加经常的花些时间多做这类事情. 5.What school rules do you think should be changed? 你认为学校的哪些制度应该改一改了?

6.The two pairs of jeans both look good on me. 这两条牛仔裤穿在我身上都适合. 7.The classroom is a real mess. 教室太脏了. 8.Should I be allowed to make my own decisions?

9.Only then will I have a chance of achieving my dream. 只有这样我才能实现我的梦想. 10.They should be allowed to practice their hobbies as much as they want. 应该允许他们对业余爱好想练多长时间就练多长时间.

11.We have nothing against running. 我们没有理由反对他跑步.

Unit 4

一、知识点

1、①give sb sth=give sth to sb

类似的词还有:pass、lend、show、write、send等 ②buy sb sth=buy sth for sb 类似的词还有:make、draw、cook等

2、hundred 、thousand、mi11ion与数字连用不能用复数。 hundreds of、thousands of、mi11ions of中必须用复数。 3、look for寻找find找到、发现

find out指经过观察、探索、调查等弄清楚、弄明白。

discover 指发现那些客观存在而不为人所知的实情。如科学上的重大发现。 4、bring 带来 take 带走 fetch 去并拿来

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为您服务教育网 http://www.wsbedu.com/ 5、talk to/with sb 同××说话。 tell 告诉, 分辨,辨别。

speak to sb 同××说话,做及物动词,后跟语言。

say 后跟名词、代词及宾语从句做宾语,着重强调说话内容。

6、What if ?? 如果??将会怎么样?(引导条件状语从句、疑问句) eg What if she doesn’t come? 她要是不来怎么办?

What if your parent don’t agree? 如果你的父母不同意怎么办? What if you should fall sick? 如果你生病了怎么办?

7、before 引导一个句子,为连词。后跟短语或名词等,则为介词。 8、food 表示食品种类,一种食物时,为可数名词

eg fried foods 油炸食品 break foods 早餐食品 frozen foods 冷冻食品 9、复数名词可表示一类食品(如 dogs) a/an+单数可数名词可表示一类(如 a dog) 10、confident(adj.) confidence(n.) 11、What does/do ×× look like? 问相貌。 What’s ×× like? 问“品质性格”。

12、 give a speech 做演讲 have a speech听演讲 give a report 做报告 have a report 听报告

13、permission (n.) 允许,许可 permit (v.) 允许

14、plenty of 充足的,相当多的。修饰可数或不可数名词,只能用于肯定句。否定、疑问句中用 enough.

15、not??in the slightest=not??at all 根本不 16、company ①公司 ②一群人,一伙人 ③ 陪伴 17、get along (with)=get on (with) ①进行,进展

eg The business is getting along very well. 生意进展的很顺利。

How are you getting along with your English study? 你的英语学习进展的怎么样了? ②相处

eg Do you get along with your boss?= Do you and your boss get along? 你跟老板合得来吗?

I’m getting along very well with my classmates. 我和同学们相处得很好。 18、would rather ? than ? (= would ? rather than)宁愿,而不愿。 前后连接两个动词原形,否定形式为:would rather not do sth ①would rather ? than ? = prefer ? to ?

但prefer ? to ? 若连接两个动词,动词应为v-ing 形式。

eg He would rather jog than play football.=He prefers jogging to playing football. ②would rather 常单独使用,表示“宁愿做?” eg He would rather watch TV at home. ③rather than = instead of 而不是 连接两个并列成分,前后对称。

eg I’d prefer to go to in summer rather than in winter. I decided to write rather than telephone.

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为您服务教育网 http://www.wsbedu.com/ I like going out with you rather than with him. She enjoys listening rather than speaking.

19、today、here、there、downstairs、upstairs、above、below做宾语修饰名词,放在名词之后

eg the weather today今天的天气 people here这里的人们the man downstairs楼下的那个男的

the passage below 下面的这段话

20、a little = a bit 修饰形容词、副词 a little = a bit of 修饰不可数名词 21、There is an English speech contest next month

用一般现在时表示将来,表示计划或安排好的动作,或者日历、时刻表的规定内容。 22、the rest 其余的,可指代可数或不可数名词。The other(s) 只能指代可数名词 23、come up with 提出或提出(答案、方法)等。类似于think of. eg How would you come up with this idea? 你怎样想出这个注意的?

My brother is a person who often comes up with good idea.我弟弟是个常常能想出好点子的人

24、offer 提供 offer sb sth 给××?? offer to sb sth 主动提出干?? 二、短语

1、give it to charity 把它捐给慈善机构 2、medical research 医学研究 3、What if ?? 如果?怎么样? 4、get nervous 紧张 5、take a big exam 参加大考 6、help with 有助于 7、in public 在公共场合 8、hardly ever 几乎不 9、the whole school 全校 10、without permission 为经许可

11、be(make) friends with 与?交朋友 12、ask one’s permission 请求××的允许 13、introduce?to? 把?介绍给? 14、invite?to do? 邀请?干?

15、social situations 社会环境 16、not? in the slightest 根本不,一点也不 17、right away 立刻,马上 18、all day 全天

19、be friendly to 对?友好 20、at lunch time 在午饭时间 21、a bit shy 有点害羞 22、English speech contest 英语演讲比赛 23、represent the class 代表班级 24、come top 名列第一(前茅)

25、let ? down 使?失望 26、come up with 提出、想出

27、be sure of + n./pron. 28、the rest of the students 其余的学生 be sure to do 相信? 29、have a lot of experience (in) doing sth

be sure +that 从句 在做某事方面有经验 30、deal with 对付,处理 31、come out 出版

32、give advice on? 在?方面提出意见、建议 33、by accident 偶然地,无意之中 34、hurry to do sth 匆匆忙忙干? 35、an internet friend 网友 三、句子

1、He doesn’t know if he should bring a present. 他不知道是否该带礼物。 2、You shouldn’t worry about what other people say.你不应该考虑别人说什么。 3、What will you do if you had a million dollars? 如果你有一百万美元,你会干什么? 4、If I were you, I ‘d take a small present.如果我是你,我会带一个小礼物。 5、I’m too tired to do well.我太累了,没考好。 6、Dogs can be a lot of trouble.狗会带来很多麻烦。

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为您服务教育网 http://www.wsbedu.com/ 7、What are you like? 你是什么样的人?

8、I’d invite him/her to have dinner at my house.我会邀请他(她)到我家吃饭。9、You enjoy the company of other people.你喜欢别人的陪伴。

10、I feel nervous talking in front of many people.我在众人面前讲话时感到紧张。11、She always comes top in the school exams.她在学校的考试中总是名列前茅。 12、She doesn’t want to let her friends down.她不愿让朋友失望。 13、If I were you, I’ll get out of here.如果我是你,我会离开这里。 虚拟语气 一、词的语气

指我们平常说的说话人说话的口气。(在英语中,语气除了指语调以外,最主要的是通过动词发生变化而表示不同语气) 英语中的语气分为三类:

陈述语气(用于陈述句、疑问句、感叹句) 祈使语气(用于祈使句)

虚拟语气(用于条件状语从句、宾语从句等) 二、虚拟语气

如果所说的不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、建议或是一种实现不了的空想,就用虚拟语气。 三、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法 1、真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句

eg If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus.( 真实条件状语)

If he was free, he asked me to tell stories.(真实条件状语) If I were you, I would go at once.(非真实条件状语从句) If there was no air, people would die.(非真实条件状语从句)

2、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法及动词形式

① 表示与现在事实相反的情况

(条件)从句谓语动词形式 谓语动词用过去式(be用were) 主句谓语动词形式 should/would/could/might+动词原形 eg:If I were you, I’d take an umbrella.如果我是你,我会带把伞。(事实:我不可能是你)

If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码,我就会告诉你。(事实:不知道)

If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.如果没有水和空气,地球上就不会有生物。(事实:地球上既有空气也有水) If I had any money with me, I could lend you some.

如果我带钱了,我就会借给你些。(事实:没带钱)

If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他在努力些,就能通过考试了。(事实:学习不用功)

②表示与过去事实相反的情况

从句谓语动词形式 Had+过去分词 主句谓语动词形式 Should/would/could/might+have+过去分词 eg If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。(事实:去晚了)

If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.

如果他听我的劝告的话,就不会犯这样的错误了。(事实:没有听我的话)

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为您服务教育网 http://www.wsbedu.com/ 1.by the time 到?时候为止 2.get outside 到外边 3.get to school 到学校 4.get up 起床

5.get into the shower 去洗澡 6.get home 到家

7.start doing / to do sth 开始做某事 8.be late for 迟到 9.go off (闹钟)闹响 10.wake up 醒来 11.come out 出来,出现 12.run off 迅速离开,跑掉 13.on time 准时 14.in time 及时 15.come by (走)过来 16.give sb a ride 让某人搭车 17.break down 损坏,坏掉 18.show up 出席,露面 19.stay up 熬夜

20.a costume party 一个化装舞会 21.sth happen to sb 某事发生在某人身上 22.so ?that ? 如此?以至于 23.set off 出发,开始 24.April Fool's Day 愚人节 25.get married 结婚 26.marry sb 与某人结婚 27.both ?and ? 二者?都? 28.get dressed 穿好衣服 29.on the first day 在第一天 语法重点(Grammar Focus) 1.Past perfect Tense 过去完成时

构成:had+过去分词(had没有人称和数的变化)

过去完成时可以表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或呈现的状态。也就是说发生在“过去的过去”。既然过去完成时的动作发生在过去某一时间之前,那么,使用过去完成时就必须先有这样一个过去的时间。

eg.I had finished my homework before supper. 我在晚饭前把作业做完了。

2.when 和by the time引导的时间状语从句

by the time 到??时候为止,指从过去某一点到,从句所示的时间为止,这一时间段。when当??时候,指过去的某一时间点。从句用一般现在时,主句为过去完成时。

eg.By the time she got up, her brother had already gone into the bathroom. 到她起床的时候,她的弟弟已经去洗澡间了。

When she got to school, she realized she had left her backpack at home

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为您服务教育网 http://www.wsbedu.com/ 当她到学校的时候,她意识到她把书包放在家里了。

(在这句话中,过去的时间点为“到校”的时候,“她把书包放在家里”则发生在“过去的过去”。)

疑难解析(Key Points) 1.get to 意为“到达”。例如: When did you get there last night? 你昨晚什么时候到那儿的? I get home at 7:00 every day. 我每天7:00到家。

When I got to the cinema, the film had already begun. 我到电影院时,电影已经开始了。 辨析:get, arrive与reach

这三个词都可以用来表示“到达”,但是用法不同。

(1)get和arrive都是不及物动词,其后只能跟表示地点的副词,若是跟名词则须再加介词,即get to +地点名词,arrive in / at +地点名词(in 之后跟表示大地方的词,at之后跟表示小地方的词)。若是只说“到达”,而不指出到达哪里,则只能用arrive。例如: How did you get / arrive there? 你怎么到那儿的?

I got to / arrived in Beijing the day before yesterday. 我前天到的北京。

When do you often get to / arrive at school? 你经常什么时候到校? When will you arrive? 你什么时候到?

(2)reach为及物动词,其后既可跟名词也可跟副词。例如: I reached Beijing the day before yesterday. 我前天到的北京。

We reached here on foot. 我们步行到这儿的。

2.关于get的词组小结

在本单元出现大量关于get的词组,要注意背诵: get to school 到学校 get into the shower 去洗澡 get outside 到外边 get home 到家 get up 起床 get married 结婚 get dressed 穿好衣服 get to class 到班级 get bored 变得无聊 get tired 变得疲劳

3.I've never been late for school, but yesterday I came very close

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为您服务教育网 http://www.wsbedu.com/ 我上学从未迟到过,但是昨天差一点儿就迟到了。

(1)I've 是I have的缩写,have been late是现在完成时态,现在完成时是指一个动作或状态开始于过去,持续到现在,并可能继续下去,而且对现在产生了一定的影响,其构成是have / has+动词过去分词。例如: I have been here since 1999. 自1999年以来我就在这儿。

We have lived in Jinan for 20 years. 我们已经在济南住了20年了。 She hasn't worked for 2 years. 她已2年不工作了。

(2)be late for 意为“??迟到”,for为介词,所以其后须跟名词。例如: Don't be late for the meeting. 开会别迟到了。

Jim was late for school again. 吉姆上学又迟到了。

Tom has been late for classes twice. 汤姆上课已经迟到两次了。

(3)close在此为副词“接近地,靠近地”。此外came very close意为“到时与迟到很接近”。

4.My alarm clock didn't go off, ? 闹钟没有大响?? go off 意为“爆发,大响”。例如:

Although the alarm clock went off, he didn't wake up.虽然闹钟大响,但是他还是没有醒来。

与go有关的词组还有:

(1)go in for“参加”(竞赛、考试);(作为嗜好、工作)“爱好”。例如: She goes in for bird-watching.她爱好赏鸟。 (2)go on“进行,继续”。例如: Please go on.请继续。

(3)go on doing sth 或go on with sth“继续做??”。例如: He went on working without having a rest. 他一直工作,没停下来休息过。

(4)go over“调查,视察;越过”。例如:

You must go over your lessons before the exam. 考试前你必须复习。

5.?and I had to wait for him to come out.??我不得不等他出来。 (1)have to 意为“必须,不得不”。例如: Do you have to take the test? 你必须考试吗?

Tom has to practice speaking Chinese every day. 汤姆每天必须练习讲汉语。 辨析:have to 与must

这两个词都可以表示“必须”。have to 更加强调客观原因,而must则强调主观原因;含有have to 的句子在作句型转换时须借助于助动词do,does或did,而must本身是情态动词,进行句

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为您服务教育网 http://www.wsbedu.com/ 型转换时可以直接通过must改变。例如: It is raining, we have to stay at home. 天在下雨,我们不得不待在家里。 We must work hard. 我们必须努力工作。

Lucy doesn't have to stand. 露茜不必站着。

You mustn't play in the street. 你不能在街道上玩。

(2)wait 是不及物动词“等待,等候”的意思。可以用于词组wait for sb.“等某人”,wait to do sth.“等着做某事”,wait for sb to do sth.“等某人做某事”。例如: Who are you waiting for? 你在等谁?

They can't wait to open the presents. 他们迫不及待地打开礼物。

You can wait for him to help you. 你可以等着他帮你。

6.Unfortunately, by the time I got there, the bus had already left. 不幸的是,我到那儿的时候,公交车已经走了。

unfortunately 是副词“不幸地”,是由fortunately加否定前缀“un”构成的。英语中有一部分词在词首或词尾加上前缀或后缀就可以变成另外一个词。如:lucky(幸运的)-unlucky(不幸的),use(用)-useful(有用的),forget(忘记)-forgetful(健忘的),un作前缀表示“not”的含义,即“un”是一个否定前缀。例如:fit(合适的)-unfit(不合适的),fair (公平的)-unfair(不公平的),known(闻名的)-unknown(不闻名的)等。

7.Luckily, my friend Tony and his Dad came by in his Dad's car and they gave me a ride. 幸运的是,我的朋友托尼和他爸爸坐着他爸爸的车经过,他们让我搭了个便车。 (1)come by 意为“经过,走过;获得,获有”。例如: Please let the car come by. 请让车过去。

Good jobs are not easy to come by. 好工作不容易找到。 与come有关的其他词组:

<1>come out”出来;开花;出版”。例如: The moon has come out. 月亮出来了。

It's too cold for the flowers to come out. 天太冷了,花不开了。

<2>come about”发生,产生”。例如: Tell me how the accident came about. 告诉我事情是怎么发生的。

<3>come across“(偶然)发现??,遇见??”。例如: I came across his name on the list.

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为您服务教育网 http://www.wsbedu.com/ 我无意中在名单上发现他的名字。

<4>come after”继??之后,接??而来”。例如: Sunday comes after Saturday. 星期天在星期六之后。 <5>come back”回来”。例如: When did he come back? 他什么时候回来的?

<6>come to oneself”苏醒,醒过来”。例如: At last, he came to himself. 最后他醒了。

<7>come from”来自”。例如: Julia comes from Australia. 朱莉娅来自澳大利亚。

(2)give sb a ride 意为“让某人搭便车”。ride在此为名词“搭车,乘车”的意思。get a ride 意为“搭便车”。例如:

Can you give me a ride, Jack? 杰克,能让我搭个便车吗? I want to get a ride. 我想搭个便车。

8.I only just made it to my class.我恰好到教室。

make it 意为“成功了,做成了”。这里指的是没有迟到,准时到达。例如: -Have you got the job? -你得到那份工作了吗? -Yes, I made it. -是的,我成功了。

9.Have you ever forgotten to bring your homework to school? 你曾忘了把作业带到学校吗?

(1)辨析:forget to do 与forget doing

forget to do 指的是“忘了去做??”,即该事还未做;而forget doing 则指“忘了做了??”,即该事已经做完。例如:

Don't forget to turn off lights when you go out. 出去时别忘了关灯。

Sorry, I forgot to bring the books again. 对不起,我又忘了带书来了。 Lucy forgot locking the door. 露茜忘了已锁了门了。 Tom forgot turning off TV. 汤姆忘了关了电视了。 (2)辨析:bring, take

bring 意为“把??拿来,取来”。即把某物从别处拿到说话者所在地;take 意为“把??拿走,取走”,即把某物从说话者所在地拿到别处。例如:

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为您服务教育网 http://www.wsbedu.com/ Please bring my English book here. 请把我的英语书拿到这儿来。

You can't take these magazines home. 你不能把这些杂志拿回家。

10.What happened to David on April Fool's Day? 愚人节那天,大卫出什么事了吗?

(1)happen to sb 意为“某人怎么了,发生在某人身上”。例如: What happened to you? 你怎么了?

What happened to Jim? 吉姆出什么事了?

(2)英语中表示节日时须注意以下几点: <1>表示“在??节”用介词on; <2>表示节日的每个词的首字母大写; <3>用day来表示“节”,且无冠词;

<4>一般用复数名词的所有格,如:Teachers' Day 教师节,Children's Day 儿童节,Women's Day 妇女节等;但也有用单数名词所有格的,如:Mother's Day 母亲节,Father's Day 父亲节等。例如:

Do you often go to parks on Children's Day? 你们儿童节经常去公园吗?

What do you usually do on New Year's Day? 新年你们通常干什么?

Do your friends play jokes on you on April Fool's Day? 你的朋友愚人节跟你开玩笑吗?

11.Welles was so convincing that hundreds of people believed the story, and panic set off across the whole country.

Welles 是如此地让人信任,以致于成百上千的人都相信了这个故事,进而激起了全国性的恐慌。 (1)So ?that?句型中,so后面应加一个形容词或副词,意为“如此??以至于??” eg.This book is so interesting that everyone in our class wants to read it. 这本书是如此的有趣以至于全班同学都想看看。(so+形容词) He ran so fast that I couldn't catch up with him. 他跑得那么快,以致于我跟不上他。(so+副词)

So?that引导的是表示结果的状语从句,但不“一定要死套”“如此??以至于”的模式来译成汉语。

eg.It was so dark that he couldn't see the faces of his companions. 天太黑了,他不能看见同伴的脸。

(2)so that 主要用来引导目的状语从句。其从句中的谓语动词通常和can,may,should等情态动词连用,而且主句和从句之间不使用逗号,意为“以便,使能够”。 eg.They set out early so that they might arrive in time 他们早早地出发以便按时到达。

Let's take the front seats so that we may see more clearly. 我们坐在前排吧,以便可以看得更清楚。

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为您服务教育网 http://www.wsbedu.com/ (3)set off 意为“出发,开始;引爆;衬托”。例如: They'll set off on a journey around the world. 他们将要出发环球旅行。

Use blue eye-shadow to set off your green eyes. 用蓝色眼影衬托你的绿眼睛。 与set有关的其他词组:

<1>set about sth.“开始,着手”。例如: I must set about my packing. 我必须开始收拾行装了。

<2>set sb.against sb.“使某人和某人竞争、对抗”。例如: Set yourself against her. 跟她竞争。

<3>set in”开始”。例如: The rainy season has set in. 雨季已开始了。

<4>set out”出发,启程”。set sth out”展示,陈列”。例如: They set out at dawn. 他们在拂晓出发。

He sets out his ideas clearly in his essay. 他在这篇文章中明确地列出了他的观点。 <5>set up”建立,设立”。例如: The memorial will be set up. 纪念碑要建成了。

12.?because the spaghetti farmers in Italy had stopped growing spaghetti. ??因为生产意大利面条的农民停止了生产。 辨析:stop doing 与stop to do

stop doing 指的是“停止做”,即不做了;而stop to do 则是指“停下来去做”,即停下来的目的是去做,也就是开始做。例如: Stop talking, let's begin our class. 不要讲话了,我们开始上课。

You are too fat and you must stop eating too much. 你太胖了,你不能吃那么多了。 Please stop to listen to me 请停下来听我说。

The mother stopped to look after her baby. 那位母亲停下来去照顾她的小宝宝。

13.She was thrilled, because she really wanted to get married. 她震惊了,因为她的确想结婚。

(1)thrill为动词“震颤,使激动”,多用于被动语态be thrilled,表示“很感动,受到震颤的”。例如:

We were thrilled with joy. 我们高兴极了。

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为您服务教育网 http://www.wsbedu.com/ She thrilled at the good news. 她听到那个好消息很兴奋。

(2)want在此为动词“想,想要”,其后可跟名词、代词或动词不定式to do。例如: Do you want an ice-cream? 你想要个冰激凌吗?

I want some bread and milk. 我想要些面包和牛奶。

Tom wants to learn to play Chinese chess. 汤姆想学下中国象棋。

Does Lucy wants to learn to dance? 露茜想学跳舞吗?

(3)marry为动词“嫁,娶,结婚”。表示“嫁给某人”或“娶了某人”都可以用marry sb。 另外,词组get married 意为“结婚”,但这是一个非延续性动词,即它不能跟表示一段时间的词连用。be married 也可以用来表示“结婚”,它是一个延续性词组,可以与表示一段时间的词连用。例如:

John is going to marry Jane 约翰要和简结婚了。

Henry didn't marry until he was over fifty. 亨利直到过了50岁才结婚。

When are you going to get married? 你准备什么时候结婚?

We have been married for ten years. 我们已经结婚十年了。

His uncle will get married next month. 他叔叔下个月结婚。

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