CVZT-150调速器原理与使用说明书

Hydraulic turbine governor technical document

TR-DOC-01

CVZT-150数字式

水轮机调速器原理与使用说明

The Principle and User Manual for CVZT-150 Digital Hydraulic Turbine Governor

Beijing IWHR technology Co. Ltd Department of Automation

China Institute of Water resource and Hydropower Research

ADD: TEL：

A-1 fuxing road Beijing China 010-68781925 010-68781923

Post code： FAX： E_mail： Web：

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010-68576176 gover@iwhr.com http://aec.iwhr.com

China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research

Beijing IWHR Technology Co.,Ltd Tel: 010-68781925,68576176

Hydraulic turbine governor technical document

目 录 Catalogue

1、概况 General 2、系统组成 System Configuration

3、主要技术参数 Main Technical Parameters 4、工作原理 Working Principle 5、运行操作 Operation

6、设备安装 Installation of Equipment

7、故障类型与处理 The Fault Type and Processing 8、维护建议 Maintaining Suggestion

注：我方保留对此说明书修改的权力。产品与说明书不符之处，请以实际产品为准。欢迎您与我们联系。

Notice: We will reserve the rigths of revising this document. The information in this document is subject to change without notice and should not be construed as a commitment by BITC. BITC assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document. Please based on the actual product as the criterion, if there has any discrepancies between the actual product and this document. Welcome to contact us at any time.

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China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research

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Hydraulic turbine governor technical document

1 概况General

现在已广泛使用“ 标准化PLC微机调节器+电液随动系统” 结构模式的新型微机调速器系统，由微机调节器部分完成信号传递、调节规律的综合、调节参数切换、状态指示、控制量的输出等功能，机械液压部分采用电液随动系统，纯粹将机械液压部分作为功率放大、进行随动控制的执行机构；发挥各自长处，提高了调节系统的性能和设计、使用等方面的灵活性。

The new type microcomputer-based governor system consisted of “standard PLC regulator + electro-hydraulic servo system” is now widely used. The microcomputer regulator section can execute following functions, such as signal transmission, regulating rule synthesize , regulating parameter switch, status indication, the output of control value,etc. The mechanical-hydraulic section adopt the eletro-hydraulic servo system, it simply works as a power amplifier and servo control actuator. The new type microcomputer-based governor system can improve the performance and the flexibility of use.

本手册为CVZT－150数字式水轮机调速器的原理与使用说明。 CVZT-150是基于现代液压数字逻辑插装技术而开发的一类新型调速器，其型号定义如下：

This manual will describe the princilpe and operating about the CVZT-150-6.3 digital hydraulic turbine governor. The CVZT-150 governor is a new type governor based on the modern hydraulic digital logic cartridge technology. Its model number are defined as follows,

CVZT-150-6.3

Pressure

grade

code

Specification code, also called main valve diameter (MPa) Double regulating governor for large turbine diameter

该类调速器采用逻辑插装技术，由高速开关阀与逻辑插装阀等标准液压件进行元件-组件-回路的多层次组合与优化设计，进而实现调速器调节与控制的所有功能。它突破了近一个世纪以来一成不变的电气-机械/液压转换元件（电液转换器或微型电机等） + 主配压阀的经典形式、以及制造工艺与结构布置等方面的种种制约，系统的调节、控制无需由“中间位置”与机械反馈来保证，使调速器的设计、制作与生产发生了根本性的变化；它兼顾了机械液压动作的可靠性、微机的适用性和阀的简单化。具有高可靠性、响应快、动作平稳性好、定位精度高、工作效率高、节省油源消耗等独特优点，在调速器领域独树一帜。

This type governor is based on logic cartridge technology, that is combined with high

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Beijing IWHR Technology Co.,Ltd Tel: 010-68781925,68576176

Hydraulic turbine governor technical document

speed on-off valve and cartridge valve,via multi-level manifold block combination and optimal design from components to subassembly to fluid loop, then proceed to realize all the regulating and control functions of governor. It has successfully breached the constraint of classic structure with electrical-mechanical/hydraulic conveter or micro-motor plus main distributing valve, and it has also broken through the constraint of manufacturing process and structural arrangement. It is without the necessity for “middle position” and mechanical feedback to ensure the regulating and control of system. That enable the design and manufacture of governor to be a fundamental change. It make a compromise the motion reliability of mechanical hydraulic section, applicability of micro-computer,and simplification of valve. It has unique advantages of high reliability, quick response, smooth motion, and high precision of positioning, high motion efficiency, save oil consumption,etc. It is unique and place a position in the field of governor.

2 系统组成System Configulation

CVZT-150调速器由电子调节器、液压随动系统两大部分构成，各部分的组成大体如下：

The CVZT-150 series turbine governor is mainly composed by two parts: electrical regulator and hydraulic servo system. Components of each part are presented as follows:

2.1电子调节器：Electrical Regulator

其核心部件为可编程控制器、输入/输出信号调理模块、智能功放/驱动回路；它具有高可靠性和直观、方便的人机接口，提供了全方位、最直接的监测、调试和维护手段。

Its core part includes PLC, input/output signal disposing module, the amplifier/driver circuit; it provides high reliability，a friendly man-machine surface, and direct measuring and debugging and maintaining method.

①可编程控制器组成：CPU单元、开关量输入模块、开关量输出模块、模拟量输入模块、高速计数模块、远程通信模块、电源模块。

The PLC is composed of CPU unit, digital input/output (I/O) modules, analog input modules, high speed counter modules, remote communication modules and power supply modules.

②智能功放/驱动回路：将微机输出的脉冲信号放大后，驱动DC24V电压等级的高速开关阀，输出信号为数字脉冲信号。 4

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Hydraulic turbine governor technical document

The amplifier/driver circuit: After amplified TTL output signal of microcomputer, the amplifier/driver circuit will drive the DC24V digital valve sets, and the output signal is pulse signal.

主要特点：Main characteristic

①采用可编程控制器作为硬件主体，装置可靠性高，平均无故障时间MTBF≥150000小时；

Adopting the PLC as the main part of the hardware, the equipment has high reliability, and its MTBF (Mean Time between Failures) is more than 150000 hours;

②具有频率（转速）/开度/功率等多种调节模式，适应水电厂不同运行工况的要求（功率变送器用户自备）；

The electrical regulator provides frequency(hydraulic turbine speed)/opening/active power regulating modes, and it can adapt various operating mode of hydraulic turbine unit;

③水头参数可自动测入（电平标准：0～5V或0～20mA）,也可由运行人员手动设定, 具有适应水头的开机特性和最大出力特性；

Water head can be measured automatically (the electrical level standard: 0~5V or 0~20mA), or set manually by operator. Its opening character and maximal power character adapt well to water head;

④调节参数（bp、bt、Td、Tn或bp、Kp、Ki、Kd）用平板触摸显示屏调整； Regulating parameters (bp, bt, Td, Tn or bp、Kp、Ki、Kd) are adjusted through the touch screen(or HMI);

⑤采用发光二极管（光示牌）、指针式电表、拨换开关与平板触摸显示屏调整作为与运行人员的接口，具有显示清晰、准确、直观、操作方便等优点；

Adopting large scale digital display tube, light diode (light brand), dial ammeter, switch and touch screen as the interface with the operator, it has the advantages of clarity, visual display and easy to operate;

⑥电气辅件（开关电源、继电器、控制开关、信号灯……）均采用进口优质器件，可靠性高；

Electric accessories element (switch power supply, relay, control switch, signal light……) are imported high quality implement, and have high reliability;

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Hydraulic turbine governor technical document

⑦频率调节模式采用适应式变参数PID调节规律，开度和功率调节模式采用PI 调节规律；

Adaptable and parameter variable PID regulating rules were adopted for the frequency regulating mode, and PI regulating rules were adopted for the opening and active power regulating mode;

⑧具有与上位机的通信接口（RS-422/RS485/RS232）；

The communication interface (RS-422 / RS485 / RS232) with LCU has been provided. ⑨可根据不同的水头改变机组的加速开度和最大出力限制，随着水头的增加，可自动减小机组的加速开度和最大电气开限值，以保证机组在起动过程中平稳迅速并网和安全有效运行。

The shut-up opening and the maximal active power limit of the turbine unit can be changed according to different water head. As water head increased, the governor can automatically decrease the shut-up opening and the maximal active power limit, so as to ensure the hydraulic turbine generator switched on line quickly and effectively and run with safety.

⑩可在平板触摸显示屏上设置机组启动过程的加速特性。

Accelerating characteristic of hydraulic turbine unit startup process can be set through the touch screen(HMI).

CVZT调速器微机调节器主要硬件/组件配置一览表

The list of main hardware/components of microcomputer regulator in CVZT governor

序号 名 称 Serial number designation

高可靠PLC控制器

1

High reliable PLC controller 平板触摸式显示屏

2

Flat touch screen HMI 外围电路板及转换模块

3

Peripheral circuit board or signal transform module 机频变送器

4

Unit frequency transmitter 网频变送器

5

Net frequency transmitter 位移变送器

6

Displacement transducer

7 功放模块 6

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Hydraulic turbine governor technical document

8 9 10

Amplifier/driver module 交直流双重供电电源

Dual AC/ DC power supply 继电器、接插件等附件

Accessories such as relay and plug and socket 电气控制柜柜体

Electric control cabinet skid

2.2液压随动系统 Hydraulic servo system

其基本结构特征可归纳为先导控制、阀座主级、嵌入式联接。各组件之间采用模块化结构有机地组合在一起。液压随动系统的组件主要包括:

Its basic structure characteristic can be induced in the pilot control, main level valve and cartridge connection. Each component part is combined together in module structure. The hydraulic servo system mainly includes:

·高速开关（数字）阀

Digital (high frequency on/off) valve sets

·由逻辑插装阀基本单元组合而成的液压功率驱动主控阀组(起到主配的作用) The hydraulic power driver valve sets assembled with logical cartridge valve basic units (serving as main distributing valve function)

·开关机时间、紧急关机时间调整螺杆

The adjusting screw for open/close time and quick shutdown or emergency shutdown time of servomotor

·可换滤芯的滤油器并带有堵塞发讯器

The oil filter with replaceable filter core and signal sending instrument for oil filter clogged

·手动排气阀

Manual air releasing valve

·滤油器堵塞、失效或切断时旁通保护阀

The by-pass relief valve acting when the oil filter is clogged, invalid or being cutting off

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Hydraulic turbine governor technical document

·开停机脉冲阀

The startup/shutdown pulse control valve ·紧急停机阀

The quick shutdown or emergency shutdown valve sets ·流量调节阀(流量－压差线性转换器)

Flow control valve (linear transformer between flow and pressure difference). 液压随动系统采用模块化结构，可根据使用需要进行灵活的组合和布置。整个液压控制系统具有很高的集成度，无任何杆件、钢丝绳及内部管道，降低了对用户的使用、维护要求。液压随动系统大量采用了符合ISO标准的液压元件，从元件到系统高度标准化、模块化、集成化、通用化，互换性好、标准化程度极高。

The mechanical hydraulic servo system is designed as module construction, can be flexible assembled and arranged according to the using purpose. Without pole, steel rope and internal pipe, the whole hydraulic control device is highly integrated, so the operating and maintaining demand to the user become lower. The mechanical hydraulic servo system adopted large quantities of hydraulic components matched the ISO standard, and have the characters of great standardization, modularization, integration, generalization and interchangeability.

主要特点：Main features include:

采用高速开关阀作为电液转换组件，可以实现容错控制。

Replacing the electro-hydraulic converter/transducer with some high frequency on/off valves, redundancy control becomes realizable.

②调速器的液压部分本身同时实现D/A转换与功率放大的功能，从而实现直接数字控制。

The hydraulic part of the governor has both the functions of D/A converter and power amplification, thus the direct digital control can be realized.

③元件对工作介质污染不敏感：高速开关阀的阀芯操作力大，耐油污能力和工作可靠性有很好的保证。

The hydraulic components are not sensitive to working medium contamination: the operating force on the valve core of high frequency valve is powerful, which guarantees the 8

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Hydraulic turbine governor technical document

anti-greasy performance and reliability of the components.

④采用逻辑插装技术：由组合结构的逻辑插装控制阀单元取代主配压阀，由于逻辑插装控制阀单元的工作位置是直接由数百公斤以上的液压作用力驱动，动作可靠性有了很大的提高，亦避免了传统的主配压阀存在的标准化程度低、性能一致性难以保证、互换性不好等不足。此外，逻辑插装控制阀单元采用高硬度的耐磨材料，即使长期工作也不会磨损失效。

The logical cartridge valve techniques: the main distributing valve is replaced by the combined logical cartridge control valves. The logic cartridge control valve is driven by hydraulic power which is more than hundreds of kilograms, therefore the action reliability is greatly improved. And those disadvantages of traditional main distributing valve are also avoided, such as the low standardization degree, the difficult consistency of capability and bad interchangeability. Besides, the logical cartridge control valve units contain abrasion resistance material of high rigidity, it can be hardly disabled after long-term working.

⑤高速开关阀采用多通道冗余结构，一旦某一个通道失灵，可自行切换，由正常通道来维持系统的稳定工作。

The high frequency valve is structured as redundancies construct with many channels. Once one (or more) of the channels disabled, it can automatically keep running through normally working channels.

⑥系统响应快捷、调节精度高、故障率低，提高了系统的可用度。

The system has quick response, high regulating precision and low failure rate, and its availability is also improved.

⑦ 即使电气部分彻底失灵，也能使主接力器保持当前开度不变，并自动地切为手动运行, 从而避免了故障的扩大以及由此造成的不良后果。

Even if the electrical part got to be absolutely failed, the main servomotor could be kept the gate opening stable, and the system is automatically switched to run manually, thus the fault extending and kickback of the fault could be avoided.

⑧该调速器液压部分除了能实现传统机械液压系统的所有功能外，还能实现容错降级运行，以及自动/手动/电手动之间无条件、无扰动的平滑切换。

The mechanical-hydraulic part of the governor can realize not only all functions of traditional mechanical-hydraulic equipment, but also fault tolerance running and smooth switching between auto/manual/electrical- manual running.

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Hydraulic turbine governor technical document

⑨容错控制功能与滤油工作回路的独特可靠设计从根本上保证了真正意义上的免维护。

Maintenance-free is ensured radically by special design of fault-tolerance control function and oil filter circuit.

⑩系统结构简单明了，内部液流阻力小，从元件到系统密封性能好，泄漏小，稳定工况下基本无油耗，极大地提高了系统的工作效率，延长了油泵-电机的寿命，节省了油源与厂用电消耗。

The system structure is concise, the friction of internal liquid flow is small. From the element to the system, the sealing is tight and with little leakage. The efficiency of the system is extremely increased and the service life of oil pump and electromotor are prolonged.

3 主要技术参数 The main technique parameters

·调节规律为适应式变参数PID

Regulating rules: Adaptable and variable parameter PID ·测频方式为残压测频或残压 + 齿盘测速；

Frequency/speed measuring method: PT voltage frequency measuring or PT voltage + toothed disc speed measuring;

机组频率信号：

The hydraulic turbine unit frequency/speed signal: 一路取自发电机机端电压互感器

One way signal comes from PT voltage of generator; 信号电压正常范围：（0.6~100）V正弦波

The normal range of signal voltage: 0.6~100V sine wave 正常测频范围：（5~100）Hz

The normal range of frequency measurement: 5~100Hz 测频分辨率：≤±0.001Hz

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Beijing IWHR Technology Co.,Ltd Tel: 010-68781925,68576176

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