2011同等学力英语二卷班——翻译讲义(郭崇兴老师)整理

第五部分

一、英译汉翻译

①

1.Happiness，likeadeerintheforest,dislikesundueattentionandifyouchaseit,itwillrunaway.

2.Inaddition,eachcampiscomposedofmanygroupspursuingtheirownnarrowly

perceivedself-interest,withoutanyoverallvision.

3.Inlessthanamillionthofasecondthevastcomputerofaninternationairlinecan

simultaneouslyaccept800bookinginquiries,andsearchits50millionmemoryunitsforappropriatereplies.

4.Itwouldbeinterestingtoknowwhetherthecatadoptedthehumanraceorthehumanracedomesticatedthecat.

5.Manyoftheconditionsthatresultfrompopulation

pressures—overcrowding,unemployment,poverty,hunger

andillness—leadtodissatisfaction.

②

1.Theconsolidationofthecrumblingwallsandtowershasbeencarriedoutin

accordancewithaprogramagreedwiththeDepartmentoftheEnvironment.

2.Adoctor’sobligationwhenhecannolongerholdbacktheapproachofdeathisto

makethepatientcomfortable,includingeasinghispain.

3.Icannothonestlyseethatasystemwhichwouldrequireustocompromisethemorningaftertheelectionisreallysomorallyinferiortoasystemwhichhasalreadyobligedustocompromiseourpoliciestwoyearsbeforepollingday.

4.Thatcountrywillcontinuetomakenewnervegasweaponsaftertheconclusionofaglobaltreatybanningthemtakeseffect,accordingtoasecretadministrationpolicyreview.

5.Onelessonhelearnedwasthatthekeytosurvivalinemergencywasmakingthebestuseofwhateveryouhaveathand.

③

NeverhastherebeenalanguagequitelikeEnglish.Aboldstatement,yetnevertheless

true.Considerafewstatistics.Today,oneoutofeverysevenpeopleintheworlduseEnglishinsomeway.Morethanhalftheworld’sbooksarewritteninEnglish;themajorityof

internationaltelephonecallsaremadeinEnglish;60%oftheworld’sradioprogramsare

broadcastinEnglish.Englishiseventheworkinglanguageofinternationalairtravel.Forthefirsttimeinhistory,asinglelanguagehasbecomedominantacrossawiderangeofhumanactivity,rangingfrommusic,filmandfineartstothefieldsofbusiness,diplomacy,scienceandtechnology.

Nooneknowswhattimeitselfis.Wecannotseeit.Wecannottouchit.Wecannothearit.Weknowitonlybythewaywemarkitspassing.Foralloursuccessinmeasuringthetiniestpartsoftime,timeremainsoneofthegreatmysteriesoftheuniverse.

Onewayofthinkingabouttimeistoimagineaworldwithouttime.Therecouldbenomovement,becausetimeandmovementcannotbeseparated.Aworldwithouttimecouldexistonlyaslongastherewerenochanges,Fortimeandchangearelinked.Whensomethingchanges,youknowtimehaspassed.

⑤

Loveisofthreevarieties:unselfish,mutualandordinaryorselfish.Unselfishloveisofthehighestkind.Here,theonewholovesseeksonlythewelfareofthebelovedanddoesnotcarewhetherhesufferspainsandhardshipsthereby.Thesecondkindofloveismutualloveinwhichtheonewholovesdesiresnotonlythehappinessofhisbeloved,buthasaneyetohisownhappinessalso.Selfishloveisthelowest.ltmakesamancareonlyforhisownhappinesswithouthavinganyregardforthefeelingofthebeloved.

⑥

Optimismandpessimismarebothpowerfulforces,andeachofusmustchoosewhichwewanttoshapeoutoutlookandourexpectations.Thereisenoughgoodandbadineveryone’slife—amplesorrowandhappiness,sufficientjoyandpain—tofindarationalbasisforeitheroptimismorpessimism.Wecanchoosetolaughorcry,blessorcurse,lt’sourdecision:Fromwhichperspectivedowewanttoviewlife?Willwelookupinhopeordownindespair?I

believeintheupwardlook.Ichoosetohighlightthepositiveandsliprightoverthenegative.Iamanoptimistbychoiceasmuchasbynature.

⑦

Youthisnotatimeoflife;itisastateofmind;itisnotamatterofrosycheeks,redlipsandsuppleknees;itisamaterofthewill,aqualityoftheimagination,avigorofthe

emotions;itisthefreshnessofthedeepspringsoflife.Youthmeansatemperamental

predominanceofcourageovertimidityoftheappetite,ofadventureovertheloveofease.Thisoftenexistsinamanof60morethanaboyof20.Nobodygrowsoldmerelybyanumberofyears.Wegrowoldbydesertingourideals.Yearsmaywrinkletheskin.Buttogiveup

enthusiasmwrinklesthesoul.Worry,self-distrustbowstheheartandturnsthespiritbacktodust.

Forthepastseveralyears,theSundaynewspapersupplementParadehasfeatureda

columncalled“AskMarilyn”.PeopleareinvitedtoqueryMarilynvosSavant,whoatage10hadtestedatamentallevelofsomeoneabout23yearsold;thatgaveheranIQof228—thehighestscoreeverrecorded.IQtestsaskyoutocompleteverbalandvisualanalogies,toenvisionpaperafterithasbeenfoldedandcut,andtodeducenumericalsequences,amongothersimilarwhatisthenatureofluckandClearly,intelligenceencompassesmorethanascoreonatest.Justwhatdoesitmeantobesmart?Howmuchofintelligencecanbespecified,andhowmuchcanwelearnaboutitfromneurology,genetics,computerscienceandotherfields?

⑨

ForthepastdecadestelevisionandtechnologyexecutivesintheU.S.havebeen

promisingthatviewerswouldusetheirremotecontrolsforsomethingotherthanchannelsurfing.Well.we’veseenhowthat’sturnedout.VentureslikeMicrosoft’sWebTVflopped.InBritain,however,thatdreamhasbecomeareality.Thirty-onepercentofBritain’s26millionhouseholdshaveinteractiveTV,comparedwithonly8%intheUS.

HowdidBritain,acountrynotknownforitshigh-techpowers,achievesuchdominanceininteractivetelevision?BecausecablewasanoveltyinEnglanduntilrecetly,thecountrywasabletoskipagenerationoftechnologyandgostraighttodigitalTV,whileU.S.cable

companiesarestillupgradingtheirnetworks.Consumerbehaviordifferstoo.FewerBritonsownPCs,andthosewhohaveInternetaccess.

spendlesstimeonlinethanAmericans,makingthemmorewillingtoutilizeWeb-like

functionsontheirTVsets.

⑩

Becausepeoplemakedecisionsbycomparingcostsandbenefits,theirbehaviormay

changewhenthecostsorbenefitschange.Thatis,peoplerespondtoincentives,Whenthepriceofanapplerises,peopledecidetoeatmorepearsandfewerappplesbecausethecostofbuyinganappleishigher.Atthesametime,appleorchardsdecidetohiremoreworkersandharvestmoreapples,becausethebenefitofsellinganappleisalsohigher.Aswewillsee,theeffectofpriceonthebehaviorofbuyersandsellersinamarketiscrucialforunderstandinghowtheeconomyworks.

Publicpolicymakersshouldneverforgetaboutincentives,formanypolicieschangethecostsorbenefitsthatpeoplefaceand,therefore,alterbehavior.Forexample,ataxongasolineencouragespeopletodrivesmallerandmorefuel-efficientcars.Italsoencouragespeopletotakepublictransportationratherthandriveaprivatecarortoliveclosertowheretheywork.

11○

Thehumanbraincontains10thousandmillioncellsandeachofthesemayhaveathousand

connections.Suchenormousnumbersusedtodiscourageusandcauseustodismissthepossibilityofmakingamachinewithhumanlikeability,butnowthatwehavegrownusedtomovingforwardatsuchapacewecanbelesssure.Quitesoon,inonly10or20yearsperhaps,wewillbeabletoassembleamachineascomplexasthehumanbrain,andifwecanwewill.Itmaythentakeusalongtimetorenderitintelligentbyloadingintherightsoftware(软件)orbyalteringthearchitecturebutthattoowillhappen.

Ithinkitcertainthatindecades,notcenturies,machinesofsilicon(硅)willarisefirsttorivalandthenexceedtheirhumanancestors.Oncetheyexceedustheywillbecapableoftheirowndesign.Inarealsensetheywillbeabletoreprouducethemselves.Siliconwillhaveendedcarbon’slongcontrol.Andwewillnolongerbeabletoclaimourselvestobethefinestintelligenceintheknownuniverse.12○

Evenplantscanrunafever,especiallywhenthey’reunderattackbyinsectsordisease.Butunlike

humans,plantscanhavetheirtemperaturetakenfrom3,000feetaway-straightup.Adecadeago,adaptingtheinfrared(红外线)scanningtechnologydevelopedformilitarypurposesandothersatellites,physicistStephenPaleycameupwithaquickwaytotaketemperatureofcropstodeterminewhichoneareunderstress.Thegoalwastoletfarmerspreciselytargetpesticide(杀虫剂)sprayingratherthanrainpoisononawholefield,whichinvariablyincludesplantsthatdon’thavepest(害虫)problems.

Evenbetter,Paley’sRemoteScanningServicesCompanycoulddetectcropproblemsbeforethey

becamevisibletotheeye.Mountedonaplaneflownat3,000feetatnight,aninfraredscannermeasuredtheheatemittedbycrops.Thedataweretransformedintoacolor-codedmapshowingwhereplantswererunning“fevers”.Farmerscouldthenspot-spray,using50to70percentlesspesticidethantheyotherwisewould.

ThebadnewsisthatPaley’scompanycloseddownin1984,afteronlythreeyears.Farmersresistedthenewtechnologyandlong-termbackerswerehardtofind.Butwiththerenewedconcernaboutpesticidesonproduce,andrefinementsininfraredscanning,Paleyhopestogetbackintooperation.Agricultureexpertshavenodoubtthetechnologyworks.“Thistechniquecanbeusedon75percentofagriculturallandintheUnitedStates,”saysGeorgeQertherofTexasA&M.RayJackson,whorecentlyretiredformtheDepartmentofAgriculture,thinksremoteinfraredcropscannigcouldbeadoptedbytheendofthedecade.ButonlyifPaleyfindsthefinancialbackingwhichhefailedtoobtain10yearsago.

13○

Foryears,doctorsadvisedtheirpatientsthattheonlythingtakingmultivitaminsdoesisgivingthemexpensiveurine(尿).Afterall,truevitamindeficienciesarepracticallyunheardofinidustrialized

countries.Nowitseemsthosedoctorsmayhavebeenwrong.Theresultsofagrowingnumberofstudies

suggestthatevenamodestvitaminshortfallcanbeharmfultoyourhealth.Althoughproofofthebenefitsofmultivitaminsisstillfarfromcertain,thefewdollarsyouspendonthemisprobablyagoodinvestment.

Oratleastthat’stheargumentputforwardintheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine.Ideally,sayDr.WalterWillettandDr.MeirStampferofHarvard,allvitaminsupplementswouldbeevaluatedinscientificallyrigorousclinicaltrials.Butthosestudiescantakealongtimeandoftenraisemorequestionsthantheyanswer.Atsomepoint,whileresearchersworkonfiguringoutwherethetruthlies,itjustmakessensetosaythepotentialbenefitoutweighsthecost.

Thebestevidencetodateconcernsfolate,oneoftheBvitamins.It’sbeenprovedtolimitthenumberofdefectsin

embryos(胚胎)，andarecenttrialfoundthatfolateincombinationwithvitaminB12andaformofB6alsodecreasesthere-blockageofarteriesaftersurgicalrepair.

ThenewsonvitaminEhasbeenmoremixed.Healthyfolkswhotake400internationalunitsdailyforatleasttwoyearsappearsomewhatlesslikelytodevelopheartdisease.ButwhendoctorsgivevitaminEtopatientswhoalreadyhaveheartdisease,thevitamindoesn’tseemtohelp.ItmayturnoutthatvitaminEplaysaroleinpreventionbutcannotundoseriousdamage.

DespitevitaminC’sgreatpopularity,consuminglargeamountsofitstillhasnotbeenpositivelylinkedtoanygreatbenefit.ThebodyquicklybecomessaturatedwithCandsimplyexcretes(排泄)anyexcess.

Themultivitaminsquestionboilsdowntothis:Doyouneedtowaituntilalltheevidenceisinbeforeyoutakethem,orareyouwillingtoacceptthatthere’senoughevidencethattheydon’thurtandcouldhelp?

Ifthelatter,there’rgedosescancausetrouble,includingexcessivebleedingandnervoussystemproblems.

Multivitaminsarenosubstituteforexerciseandabalanceddiet,ofcourse.Aslongasyouunderstandthatanypotentialbenefitismodestandsubjecttofurtherrefinement,takingadailymultivitaminmakesalotofsense.

14○

Manfirstappearedonearthhalfamillionyearsago.Thenhewaslittlemorethananimal;butearlymanhadseveralbigadvantagesovertheanimals.Hehadalargebrain,hehadanuprightbody,hehadcleverhands;andhehadinhisbrainspecialgroupsofnervecells,notpresentinanimnals,thatenabledhimtoinventalanguageanduseittocommunicatewithhisfellowmen.71)Thisabilitytospeakwasofverygreatvaluebecauseitallowedmentoshareideas,andtoplantogether,sothattasksalsoenabledideastobepassedonfromgenerationtogenerationsothatthestockofhumanknowledgeslowlyincreased.

Itwasthesespecialadvantagesthatputmenfaraheadofallotherlivingcreaturesinthestruggleforexistence.Theycanusetheirintelligenceagainsttheirdifficltiesandmasterthem.

Sincethosefar—offtimes,whenhefirstappeared,manhasachievedagreatdeal.Hehasusedanimals,steam,electricityandoiltomovehimselfmoreandmorequicklyformplacetoplace.Hehasovercomeriversandseaswithrafts,canoes,boatsandshipsofendlessManfoundthathisownmusclesweretooweakfortheworkwhichhewantedtopower—wind,water,steam,electricity—untilnowhehashishandsontheultimatesourceofphysicalenergy,thenuclearFromman’searliestdaystheflightofbirdshasraisedhiswonderanddesire.Whyshouldhenotflyastheydid?Thenhebegantoexperiment.Atlasthelearnthowtomaketherightmachinestocarryhimthroughtheair.Nowhecanflyfasterthansound.Alreadyhehasplansforconqueringspace,andaseriesofexperimentshasbeenbeforemantakesagiantstepawayfromthisplanetandvisitsthemoon,learningwhatitisliketohavenoweighttohisCommunicationalsopresentedmanwithaproblem.Notlongagoinhistoryeventhemostimprortantmessagetookweekstotravelfromonecountrytoanotherinwrittenformorbywordofmouth;nowajokeonawirelessprogrammeleapsacrosstheworldataspeedof186,000milesahundredsofmilesawayattheverymomentwhentheyoccur.

15○

PartIVEnglish-ChineseTranslation(2001年)

Directions:

Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesinto

Chinese.YourtranslationmustbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET.2(10point)

Inlessthan30years’timetheStarTrekholodeckwillbeareality.Directlinksbetweenthebrain’snervoussystemandacomputerwillalsocreatefullsensoryvirtual

environments,allowingvirtualvacationslikethoseinthefilmTotalRecall.AccordingtoBT’sfuturologist,IanPearson,theseareamongthedevelopmentsscheduledforthefirstfewdecadesofthenewmillennium(aperiodof1,000years),when

supercomputerswilldramaticallyaccelerateprogressinallareasoflife.ofthebiggestdevelopmentswillbeinmedicine,includinganextendedlifeexpectancyanddozensofartificialorganscomingintousebetweennowand2040.

Pearsonalsopredictsabreakthroughincomputer-humanlinks.“Bylinkingdirectlytoournervoussystem,computerscouldpickupwhatwefeeland,hopefully,simulatefeelingtoosothatwecanstarttodevelopfullsensoryenvironments,ratherliketheholidaysinTotalRecallorthestarTrekholodeck.”heThroughhisresearch,Pearsonisabletoputdatestomostofthebreakthroughsthatcanbepredicted.However.therearestillnoforecastsforwhenfaster-than-lighttravelwillbe

available,orwhenhumancloningwillbeperfected,orwhentimetravelwillbepossible.Buthedoesexpectsocialproblemsasaresultoftechnologicaladvances.Aboominneighborhoodsurveillancecameraswill,forexample,causeproblemsin2010,whilethearrivalofsyntheticlifelikerobotswillmeanpeoplemaynotbeabletodistinguishbetweentheirhumanfriendsandthe

16○

PartTVEnglish-ChineseTranslation(2000年)

Directions:

Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesinto

Chinese.YourtranslationmustbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2(10points)

Governmentsthroughouttheworldactontheassumptionthatthewelfareoftheirpeopledependslargelyontheeconomicstrengthandwealthofthealsomeansthatgovernmentsareincreasinglycompelledto

interfereinthesesectorsinordertostepupproductionandensurethatitisutilizedtothebestadvantage.Forexample,theymayencourageresearchinvariousways,includingthesettingupoftheirownresearchcenters;theymayalterthestructureofeducation,Orinterfereinordertoreducethewastegeofnaturalresourcesortapresourceshithertounexploited;ortheymayco-operatedirectlyinthegrowingnumberofinternationalprojectsrelatedto

science,economicsandindustry.Inanycase,allsuchinterventionsareheavilydependentonscientificadviceandalsoscientificandtechnologicalmanpowerofallkinds.

thesametime,thenormalrateofsocialchangethroughouttheworldistakingplaceatavastly

acceleratedspeedcomparedwiththepast.Forthishastheeffectofbuildingupunusual

pressuresandtensionswithinthecommunityandconsequentlypresentsseriousproblemsforthegovernmentsaresultofallthese

factors,governmentsarebecomingincreasinglydependentonbiologistsandsocialscientistsforplanningtheappropriateprogramsandputtingthemintoeffect.

模拟测试

Directions:

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2(10points)seemstoinfluenceourperceptionofotherstraits.Attractivepeoplearejudgedtobemorepoisedsociable,independent,interesting,exciting,andtohavegreatersexualwarmth.

Inonestudyconcernedwiththeimportanceofphysicalattractiveness,KarenDionandhercolleaguesaskeduniversitystudentstorateaseriesofphotographsofbothmalesandfemalesashigh,average,orlowinphysicalattractiveness.Thephotoswerethenpassedontoanothergroupofstudents,whowereaskedtoratethosepicturesonanumberofpersonalitytraitsandtopredictfutureeventsintheiraddition,attractivepeoplewerepredictedtohavegreaterpersonalhappinessandmoreprestigiousfutureoccupationsthanlessattractivepeople.

Theseimpressionsofbeautifulpeopledonotsuddenlyappearduringalsoformmorefavorableimpressionsofattractivechildren.Inonestudy,womenreadadescriptionofanaggressiveactperformedbya7-year-oldchild.Thedescriptionwasaccompaniedbyaphotographofeiteranattractivechildoranunattractiveone.Whenthewomenwereaskedtodescribethechildwhosepicturetheyhadseen,they

characterizedtheunattractivechildasbratty(讨厌的)，selfish,anAttractivepeopleareapparentlynotunawareoftheireffectonotherpeople.Being

attractivemayhelpdeterminethewaythatpeopleactuallybehaveaswellashowtheyareperceivedAttractivemalesaremoreassertivethanlessattravtive

2005年翻译题

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsinto

Chinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANEWERSHEET2(10points)

ItisnoteasytotalkabouttheroleofthemassmediainhisoverwhelminglysignificantphaseinEuropeanhistory.Historyandnewsbecomeconfused,andone’simpressionstendtobeamixtureofskepticismandEuropethatisnow

formingcannotbeanythingotherthanitspeoples,theirculturesandnationalidentities.WiththisinmindwecanbegintoanalyzetheEuropeantelevisionItalianexamplewouldbetheBerlusconigroup,whileabroadMaxwellandMurdochcometomind.

Clearly,onlythebiggestandmostflexibletelevisioncompaniesaregoingtobeabletocompeteinsucharichandhotlycontestedmarket.(48)Thisalonedemonstratesthatthe

televisionbusinessisnotaneasyworldtosurrvivein,afactunderlinedbystaticsthatshowthatoutofeightyEuropeantelevisionnetworks,nolessthan50%tookalossin1989.

Moreover,theintegrationoftheEuropeancommuitywillobligetelevisioncompaniestocooperatemorecloselyintermsofbothproductionanddistribution.

ofproducingprogramsinEuropeforEurope.ThisentailsreducingourdependenceontheNorthAmericanmarket,whoseprogramsrelatetoexperiencesandculturaltraditionswhicharedifferentfromourown.

Inordertoachievetheseobjectives,wemustconcentratemoreonco-productions,the

exchangeofnews,documentaryservicesandtraining.ThisalsoinvolvestheagreementsbetweenEuropeancountriesforthecreationofaEuropeanbankforTelevisionProductionwhich,onthemodeloftheEuropeanInvestmentsBank,willhandlethefinancesnecessaryforproductionifIhadtochooseasloganitwouldbe“unitedinourdiversity.”Aunityofobjectivesthatnonethelessrespectthevariedpeculiaritiesofeachcountry.

(意译)谈欧洲合众国创建过程中电视的作用

在欧洲历史上这一意义重大的时刻来谈论大众传媒所起的作用并不是一个容易的话题。历史和现实交织在一起，大家（对于欧洲是否能够统一成一个国家）的感觉是既乐观又怀疑。而电视就是创造并传播这种感觉的手段之一。在加强不同的民族和国家之间的联系方面，电视也许还从来没有像在最近的欧洲事件中那样起过如此大的作用。现在正在逐渐形成的欧洲国其实说到底还是一个民族、文件和国民特性的统一体。把这一点记在心中，我们就可以来分析电视在其中所起的作用了。

在欧洲就像在其他地方一样多媒体集团越来越成功了，这些集团把相互关系密切的电视台、电台、报纸、杂志、出版社组合到了一起。一个意大利的例子就是贝鲁斯克尼集团。在国外，则有麦克斯威尔和马杜克集团。

显然，只有最大和最灵活的电视公司才能在这样的一个丰富而竞争激烈的市场上成功取胜。

仅这一点就表明在电视行业里生存不那么容易，这个事实通过统计数字也是一目了解，统计表明在80家欧洲电视网中1989年出现亏损的不下50%。不仅如此，欧洲的大统一也迫使各电视节目制作和传播方面也必须更紧密的合作才行。旧大陆由各种纽带关系构成，现在要创造出一个尊重这些不同文化和传统的统一体不同一项容易的任务。它需要一种战略上的选择——电视节目必须在欧洲制作，为欧洲制作。这需要减少我们对北美市场的依赖，因为北美的电视节目跟他们的生活经历和文化传统有关，与我们的相去甚远。

为了达到这些目标，我们必须在合作拍摄、新闻交换。记录片的服务及培训方面更加集中配合。这也需要欧洲各国同意建意一个银行来处理制片方面的财政需求。

在应付一个如此规模的挑战过程中，我们可以毫不夸张地说，团结，我们就会站起来；分裂，我们就会倒下去。而且要是必须为此选择一个口号，那将是：“在多样化中寻求统一”；即尊重各国特性的目标统一。

二、汉译英

①计算机能帮助人们从事复杂的计算。几十年前可能需要数月完成的计算现在只需几分钟。计算机的出现使经济全球化成为可能。信息技术产业具有巨大的发展空间。产品设计、自动化生产和空间探索将越来越依赖计算机。21世纪才是真正意义上的数字化时代。

②热带雨林被喻为地球之肺，其重要功能是减少二氧化碳和调节全球气侯。由于当地居民人数和木材需求量的增加，雨林的面积在逐渐减少，直接威胁许多珍稀物种的生存。追求短期效益将导致长期的痛苦。保护生物多样性需要牺牲个人的利益。可惜的是相关国家政府并未达成共识。

③世界已进入知识煤炸时代。据不完全统计，全球的知识量每5年翻一番。许多领域的趋于一致并不意味着新知识的减少。任何一个人都不可能完全掌握每一领域在不断更新的知识。随时了解自己研究领域的最新发展动向都绝非易事。

④健康在很大程度上取决于运动、饮食和情绪。随着学习和工作压力的增加，情绪对健康的影响已引起人们更多的注意。情绪好的人患慢性病的概率较低，工作效率也高，而长期抑郁的人不仅对什么都不感兴趣，而且容易自杀。防止抑郁的有效方法是寻找放松方式以缓解紧张情绪。

⑤工业化和城市化所付出的代价就是对环境的严重破坏。水质恶化、沙漠扩大、海洋污染和某些珍稀物种的灭绝无不与人类活动有关。庆幸的是，人们越来越明确地意识到采取行动保护环境的重要性，保护我们所居住的地球就是保护我们自己。

⑥中国是个严重缺水的国家，全国人均可用水量为2200立方米，仅为世界人均用水量的四分之一。在中国的城市缺水的问题更加严重，在660个城市中有440多个城市面临荒。现在一些大学里已经采取了措施以提高学生们的节水意识，例如，有些学校开始使用水卡来计量学生的用水量等。

⑦对于很多人来说手机已不仅仅是通讯工具了。它可以是时钟、日历、电话号码簿、备忘录，甚至是女孩子防止讨厌的男孩子打扰的武器。一位女孩儿说当她看到讨论的男孩向她走过时，她最好的办法就是拿起手机假装与某人打电话。

⑧最近的一项调查表明，中国读书和杂志的人数比1998年降低了8.7%,而且总人口中只有百分之五的人经常读书。然而这一调查结果并不需要我们过分担心。读书人数的减少反映了人们生活方式的变化，人们获取信息的渠道已不再仅限于出版物了。越来越多的人承认他们一般都是通过上网而不是通过读书和杂志来获得信息的。

⑨超重对人健康产生的危害是不可低估的。有证据表明许多种疾病与超重有关。值得注意的是到健身俱乐部健身或开始跑步的人越来越多。在我看来，最不可取的是试图通过不吃早餐使自己苗条。

⑩对于任何活着的人来说，最宝贵的是身心健康，财富和地位是次要的。尽管有些根深蒂固的观念，保持健康的方式因人而异。专家们一致认为经常运动、良好的饮食习惯和轻松的生活有助于长寿。

○11

1.把大部分时间用在学习上的学生最有可能通过所有考试。

2.由于科学进步，几十年前看起来不可能的事已变成现实。

3.事实使我们得出的结论是诚实和无私一样重要。

4.大学毕业两年后，她决定考研以更新自己的知识。

5.人口的增加使地球必须产生更多的粮食。

○12

1.减少温室气体的排放是减缓全球变暖的有效方法之一。

2.把每篇英语课文背下来并不一定意味着能主动使用英语。

3.必须考虑到国与国习俗不同的这个事实。

4.给我印象最深的是中国已发生的巨大变化。

5.我一直在琢磨这个句子是否有更好的译法。

○13

1.人类的种种技术，都是人的体力和智慧的延伸。

2.咖啡是世界上最主要的经济作物之一，常常生长在生物多样性很高的地区。

3.回首往事，我意识到，我们经历了一次非同寻常的事件，胜利来之不易。

4.要记住，娱乐对人的全面健康同工作一样重要。

5.奇怪的是，他们两个看起来像一对双胞胎，从外貌到动作都彼此相像。

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