医院常用英语

医院常用语

Sentences commonly used in hospital 一般常用语

1． What can I do for you？ May I help you？

（Is there）anything I can do for you? 你有什么事？我能帮你什么忙？ 2．What’ s up? What’ s wrong?

What’ s your problem/trouble/matter? What happened?

你怎么了/遇到什么麻烦了？ 3．Please take a seat！ please sit down！ 请坐下．

4．Wait a moment， please． Would you please wait a few minutes？ Wait here for a while. 请等一等．

5．Sorry to have kept you waiting. 对不起让你久等了． 6．It is not serious． It’s curable. It’s treatable.

病情不严重/是能治好的． 7．Don't worry．

There is nothing to worry about. 不必顾虑。

8．You can get rid of it easily. You will be well/all right soon. You can get a quick recovery. 你会很快好起来的。 9．Brief me on your history.

Tell me something about your past illness. Tell me something about your medical history. Give me some information without reserve. Tell me that in more detail.

给我讲讲你的病史（无保留地/详细地） 10．I’m not sure. I can’t say for sure. It’s hard to say exactly. It’s beyond my experience.

It is hard to say exactly what’s wrong. 现在还很难确定。

11．You need a thorough examination． 你需要做一个全面检查．

12．You will have to stay in hospital for several days． 你需要在医院里住几夭．

We think that you had better be hospitalized 我们认为你最好住进医院来。

13． You should stay in bed for a few days. 你需要卧床几天．

14． You can keep on working． You can carry on with your work. 可以继续工作。

15． You should be very careful for a week or two 这一两周内，你需要很注意。 16．Try to relax and keep calm． 尽量放松保持镇静。

17． 1'm sure this medicine will help you a great deal． 这药对你肯定会很有效的．

18． Feeling well again is a rather slow process，I'm afraid. 恐怕痊愈将是一个很慢的过程．

19． You will have to wait for twenty minutes． 你需要等20分钟．

20．Complete recovery will take a rather long time． 彻底恢复需要一段很长的时间。

21． You will have to come here for periodical check-ups． 你需要定期来门诊检查．

22． If you feel worse， please come back to the clinic right away. 要是你觉着病加重了，就请马上来门诊。

23．If you feel worried, don't hesitate to go to the clinic anytime, day or night.

你要觉着难受，无论白天黑夜都赶紧上医院看去． 24．I'll come right away. 我马上就来．

25．I'm going to make arrangements for your admission/discharge． 我去给你安排住院/出院．

26．Please come with your interpreter next time． 下次请带翻译来。

27． Do you understand what I'm saying？ 你明白我的话吗？

28．Is there anything else you would like me to explain to you？ 你看在哪些方面还需要解释呢？ 29. Shall I explain it again? 需等我再解释一遍吗？

30．If the trouble persists come back again． 要是情况还不见好，就请你再来门诊吧。

31． There doesn't seem to be anything serious， but we'11 take an x-ray just to be certain．

不象有什么严重情况，但还是要拍张x线片肯定一下。 32． Please wait until we get the result of the x-ray (blood test)．

1

请等一下，我们需要看一下X线片（验血）的结果。 33． This is quite common among people of your age． This often happens to people of your age. This often occurs at your age．

这种情况经常发生在你这样岁数的人．

34． This kind of illness usually occurs among people whose work cold sweats at night, attacks of asthma)?

你有过黄疸（发低烧，任何慢性病，夜间出冷汗，哮喘发作）吗? 49．Do you suffer from heartburn stomachaches (loose bowel movements ,chest pains)?

你的胃有过烧心感（稀便，胸痛）吗？

50． Do your want to have your tooth extracted （tooth filled， dressing requires a lot of concentration（who undergo a lot of stress）． changed，blood pressure checked？ 这种病通常发生在工作要求精神高度集中的（精神紧张的）人们当你要拔牙（补牙，换药，量血压）吗？ 中。

51．Let me examine you please． 35．I suggest you do some light exercises. 我给你检查一下．

我建议你做些轻微的锻炼。

52．Please take off your shoes and lie down． I suggest you have a course of acupuncture. 请脱鞋，躺下．

我建议你做一个疗程的针灸．

53．lease unbutton your shirt and loosen your belt． I suggest that you get physiotherapy treatment. 请解开上衣的扣子，松开腰带． 我建议你作理疗。

54．Please take off your trousers. I suggest that you take the Chinese herbs. 请脱下裤子．

我建议你吃中药。

55． Please lie on your back （stomach， right side，36．I would like to transfer you to the gynecology (surgery, 请仰卧（俯卧，右侧卧，左侧卧）。 dermatology , urology department。

56．Please bend your knees. 我要将你转到妇科（外科、皮科、泌尿科）去.

请屈膝． 37． Your WBC（RBC， hemoglobin，urine stool ,sputum） should 57．Please relax． be checked．

请放松．

你的白细胞（红细胞，血红蛋白，尿，大便，痰）需要检查一下． 58．Please breathe deeply（normally）． 38． A smear should be taken． 请深呼吸（正常呼吸）． 需要做个涂片. 59．Please stick Out your tongue. A culture should be done. 请伸出舌头．

需要做个培养。

60．Please let me feel your pulse. 39． Please don't eat anything tomorrow morning before blood test． 让我摸摸你的脉搏。

明早查血以前不要吃东西。

61．Let me take your blood pressure 40． Please wait for the result of your hemoglobin test． 我给你量一下血压．

请等一下你的血红蛋白化验结果． 62．Pleas，lift your left leg（right leg） 41． What's your trouble？ 请抬起你的左腿（右腿）．

你哪里觉得不好？

63． Please open your mouth and say \42． How long have you been feeling unwell？ 请张开口说\啊\

你不舒服多久了？

64． It is normal（essentially normal）． 43． What medicine did you take? 结果正常（基本正常）．

你吃的是什么药？

65．Have you ever received any treatments before？ 44．Have you taken any medicine？ 你以前治过吗?

你吃过什么药吗7

66． Has it gotten worse？ 45．Did you take your temperature？ 情况变坏了吗？

你试过体温吗?

67．Has it happened before? 46．Do you smoke （drink)? 这种情况以前发生过吗？ 你吸烟（喝酒）吗？

68． Are you feeling better？ 47． Have you any temperature (a cough， a bed headach)? 你觉着好一些吗？ 你发烧（咳嗽，剧烈的头痛）吗？

69．Is the pain getting less? 48．Have your ever had jaundice (low grade fever，any chronic ailments, 疼痛减轻些了吗？

2

left side）。

70． Does it still hurt？ 还疼吗?

71．How long have you had this pain？ 你从什么时侯开始有这种痛的? 72． What kind of pain is it？ 是什么样的痛？

73．Do you have pain anywhere else? 其他地方痛吗？

74．Does it hurt all the time? 一直痛吗？

75．Does it hurt when I touch it? 我触摸它时痛吗？

76． Please tell me something of your past illnesses． 请告诉我你过去的病史。 77．Do you have any allergies? 是否有过敏？

78．How is your appetite? 胃口怎么样？

79． Is there any blood in your stool(urine, sputum)? 你的大便里（尿里，痰里）有血吗？ 80．You should stay in bed for a few days. 你需要卧床几天。

81．I would like to transfer you to the gynecology (surgery, dermatology, urology department).

我要将你转到妇科（外科、皮科、泌尿科）去。 82． Avoid greasy foods. 不要吃油腻食物。

83．This medicine will relieve your pain. 这种药能缓解你的痛苦。

84．Anything else ,you should eat more fruit or vegetables. Sit in warm 多吃一些水果和蔬菜，肛门痛是可采用热水盆浴。尽可能避免饮酒85．It will be serious if we leave it, so I could recommend you to have 假如留着它，将会是严重的，所以我们要做手术切除这个肿块。 86．You will be in hospital for about two or three weeks and then we 住院约需2到3周，出院后你要常规门诊复查。

Sentences commonly used by patients

患者常用语

1． I'm not feeling well． 我觉得不舒服．

2． I'm feeling very bad． 我觉得很不舒服．

3． I don't feel myself lately.

3

我最近感到不舒服．

4． What shall（should） I do？ 我该怎么办，

5． Should I stay in the hospital？ 我需要住院吗？ 6．The pain seems less. 我的疼痛有些减轻．

7． Will it go away by itself（soon)？ 它能自然（很快）痊愈吗？ 8． When shall I come back？ 我什么时候再来？

9． Will there be a recurrence？ 这病会复发吗？

10．Does this medicine have any side-effects? 这药有副作用吗？

11． What kind of food should I eat？ Should I have a special diet？ 我应该吃什么样的饮食，我需要吃特别的饮食吗？ 12．Will the surgery be necessary? 需要做手术吗？

13． Will it take long to recover？ 很久才能恢复吗？

14．Is it right to move around and do some exercises？ 可以在地上走走，锻炼锻炼吗？ 15．Is it serious？ 情况严重吗？

16．Is there any danger？ 有危险吗？

17．What could be the cause？ 可能是什么原因呢？

18．What should I do if I have another attack? 19．Isn't there any good medicine for it? 20．What kind of medicine is this？

21． I hate injections．Can I take the medicine orally？ 我不喜欢打针，能吃些口服药吗? 能治好么？

23．Will it get worse? 情况会变得更糟吗？ 24． What could it be？ 可能是什么病呢？ 25． What do you think? 你认为怎样？

26. Can anything be done for pain?

water when you feel pain and if possible, avoid alcohol and spicy food. 我若是再犯，该怎么办呢，

和吃辛辣食物。 没有什么好药吗？ an operation to remove the pile. 这是一种什么药呢？

will see you for regular check-ups. 22 ． Can it be cured ？

对于这种疼痛，有没有办法呢? 27．Whatever you say. 听从你的意见。

28．Since two or three weeks. 大约两三周前． 29．About when？ 大约在什么时间？ 30. Is it contagious? 这病传染吗？

31．I feel dizzy（feverish, shivery, sleepy, vomiting，nauseous, itching, weak, irritated）.

我感到头晕（发烧，发冷，发困，想吐，恶心，痒，虚弱，急躁）。 32． I have pils（a bad cough， a dry cough, a sore stomach， a pain in my back）.

我有痔疮（剧烈的咳嗽,干咳，胃痛，背部痛）。 病情描述 1) 一般病情:

He feels headache, nausea and vomiting. 他觉得头痛、恶心和想吐。 He is under the weather. 他不舒服，生病了。

He began to feel unusually tired. 他感到反常的疲倦。 He feels light-headed. 他觉得头晕。

She has been shut-in for a few days. 她生病在家几天了。 Her head is pounding. 她头痛。

His symptoms include loss of appetite, weight loss, excessive fatigue, fever and chills. 他的症状包括没有食欲、体重减轻、非常疲倦、发烧和发冷。

He feels exhausted or fatigued most of the time. 他大部份时间都觉得非常疲倦。

He has been lacking in energy for some time. 他感到虚弱有段时间了。

He feels drowsy, dizzy and nauseated. 他觉得昏昏欲睡，头晕目眩和想吐。

He feels as though everything around him is spinning. 他感到周围的东西都在打转。 He has noticed some loss of hearing. 他发觉听力差些。

She has some pains and itching around her eyes. 她眼睛四周又痛又痒。 (2) 伤风感冒：

He has been coughing up rusty or greenish-yellow phlegm.

4

他咳嗽带有绿黄色的痰。

His eyes feel itchy and he has been sneezing. 他眼睛发痒，而且一直在打喷嚏。

He has a fever, aching muscles and hacking cough. 他有发烧，筋骨酸痛和常常咳嗽。 (hacking = constant) He coughed with sputum and feeling of malaise. 他咳嗽有浓痰，而且觉得很虚弱。 (malaise = debility) He gets a cold with a deep hacking cough. 他伤风咳嗽。

He has a headache, aching bones and joints. 他头痛，骨头、关节也痛。 He has a persistent cough. 他不停地在咳。

He has bouts of uncontrollable coughing. 他一阵阵的咳嗽，难以控制。

He has hoarse and has lost his voice sometimes. 他声音嘶哑，有时失声。

He has a sore throat and a stuffy nose. 他嗓子疼痛而且鼻塞。

His breathing is harsh and wheezy. 他呼吸时，有气喘似的呼哧呼哧作响。

He has a stabbing pain that comes on suddenly in one or both temples. 有时突然间太阳穴刺痛。

He has a runny nose, sneezing or a scratchy throat. 他流鼻水，打喷嚏和喉咙沙哑。 (3) 女性疾病：

She has noticed one lump in her breast. 她发觉乳房有个肿块。

There is a hard, swollen lump on her right breast. 她右乳房有硬肿块。

Her left breast is painful and swollen. 她左乳房疼痛且肿大。

She has heavy bleeding with her periods. 她月经来的很多。

Her vaginal discharge is white or greenish-yellow and unpleasant smelling.

她阴道分泌物带白色或绿黄色，而且气味不好。

She has noticed occasional spotting of blood between periods. 在月经来的前后，她有时也发觉有滴滴达达的流血。 She has some bleeding after intercourse. 性交后有出血。

She feels some vaginal itching. 她感到阴部发痒。

She has painful periods and abnormal vaginal discharge. 她月经来时疼痛，而且阴道有不正常的分泌物。 (4)男性疾病：

He urinates more frequently than usual. 他小便比平时多。

He has difficulty in controlling his bladder. 他很难控制小便。(bladder 是膀胱) There are some lumps on his testicles. 他的睾丸有些硬块。

He has had burning or pain when he urinates. 他小便时感到发烫和疼痛。 He is passing less urine than usual. 他小便比平时少。

He has had a painless swelling in his scrotum. 他的阴囊有不痛的肿大。 He feels lack of interest in sex. 他自觉对性的兴趣大减。

He has difficulty in starting his urine flow. 他小便不畅通。

His urine stream is very weak and slow. 小便不畅，尿路变细。

He dribbles a little urine after he has finished urinating. 他小便后，还会有少量零星地滴下。 He has had some discharge from his penis. 他的阴茎排出一些流脓。

His urine is cloudy and it smells strong. 他的小便混浊，而且气味不好。 He has a dull heavy ache in the crotch. 他的胯部感到隐痛。

He has a small leakage of urine when he coughs or sneezes. 他咳嗽或打喷嚏时，会有点泄尿。 He has trouble urinating. 他小便有困难。 (5) 手脚毛病：

His both hands and feet ache. 他两手两脚都很酸痛。

He has pain on the sole of his feet. 他脚底很痛。

There is a wart-like lump on the sole of my right foot. 我右脚底有个像肉疣般的硬块。

His ankles look puffy and they pit when he presses them with his finger. 他的足踝好象肿了，用手按，就有小坑痕。 (pit = small dent form) 句里的 they 和 them 都是指 ankles

The pain in his left foot is accompanied by redness and swelling. 左脚酸痛，并有红肿。

The joints near his fingernails and knuckles look swollen. 指头和指节旁边的关节，似乎有肿大。

He has numbness and tingling in his hands and fingers. 他的手和指头感到麻木和刺痛。

5

His legs become painful following strenuous exercise. 激烈运动后，他的腿就痛。

His knee is misshapen or unable to move. 他的膝盖有点畸形，也不能动。 There are some swellings in his armpit. 他的腋窝肿大。

He is troubled with painful muscles and joints. 他的筋骨和关节都痛。

She is troubled by the pains in the back and shoulders. 她的后背和肩膀都痛。

His knee has been bothering him for some time. 他的膝盖不舒服，已有一段时间了。 (6) 睡眠不好： He is sleeping poorly. 他睡不好

He has difficulty in sleeping and concentracting. 他不易入睡，也难集中精神。

It is usually hard for her to fall asleep when she goes to bed at night. 她晚上就寝，很难入睡。

He wakes during the night or early morning and finds it difficult to fall asleep again.他晚间或清早醒来后，再也不能入睡。 He has nightmares occasionally. 他有时做噩梦。 (7) 呼吸方面：

His breathing has become increasingly difficult. 他呼吸越来越困难。

He has to breathe through his mouth. 他要用口呼吸。

He is short of breath, even when he has not been exercising, he is breathless.

他喘气；即使不运动，他也是上气不接下气。 His cough is more like wheezing. 他的咳嗽有呼哧呼哧的响声。 His cough is dry, producing no phlegm. 他是干咳，没有痰。 He has coughed up blood. 他咳嗽有血。

His nose stuffed up when he had a cold. 他感冒时鼻子就不通。

He coughs up a lot of phlegm (thick spit) on most days. 他多半时间咳出浓浓的痰。

He has a feeling of tightness in the chest or a feeling that he is suffocating.

他胸部觉得闷闷的，好象透不过气来。 (8) 口腔毛病：

He has pain in his teeth or jaw.

这是通大便的．请每晚在肛门里挤一些．

This is a special adhesive for easing the pain． Apply it to the painful area and change it every two days．

这是专为止痛用的药膏．贴在痛处，两天换一次． Apply some of the ointment，and rub it into the skin． 涂一些这种药膏并揉进皮肤里去．

Paint this lotion to the itching spot with this small blush (cotton swab) 用小刷子（棉花棍）把洗剂涂在痒处．

Please dissolve the tablet（powder） in hot water． Soak your hand（foot） in it for twenty minutes twice a day.

请将这药片（药粉）溶化在热水里．将你的手（脚）泡在里面，每日两次，每次20分钟．

P： How do I use these eye-drops and ointment? 我怎样使用这些眼药水和眼药膏呢？

Ph：Put the eye－drops into your right eye 4-6 times a day，each time one to two drops． Squeeze a bit of the ointment on your eyelid every night．

将这种眼药水滴入右眼，每天四至六次，每次一、两滴．每晚在眼皮里挤一点眼药膏．

P： How do I apply the nose drops？ 我怎样使用这滴鼻剂呢？

Ph： Bend your head back as far as possible and then put them in. 尽量把头向后仰然后将药滴进去． P: How do I apply the ear drops？ 我怎样使用滴耳剂呢？

Ph: Turn your head to the side, put one to two drops in your ear. Press the tragus for a few seconds．

将头歪向一侧，在耳朵里滴一、两滴药水，再把耳屏按几秒钟。 中药房

P： How do I take these big balls？ 这些大药丸儿怎么服呢？

Ph：Chew and swallow the bits with water or put them in water to melt them． Remove the wax before taking it．

把它掰成小块，嚼后用水咽下，或者把它泡在水里化开再喝。服前把蜡皮去掉

Ph：Hello! Would you like to have the herbs decocted here or taken

away?

请问你这些中药是在这里煮还是拿回家自己煮呢？

P： I would like to take them away, but I don’t know how to decoct

them.

我想自己回去煮，但我不懂！

Ph：Just open all the small bags, put the herbs into a pot, cover them

with water, .Simmer gently for half an hour/ 45 min/ one hour and condense it to 200 mL.

你就把这些小包装都拆开，把中草药放在不锈钢锅里，加自来水盖过药面，用文火煮大概半个小时/45分钟/一个小时，把它煮成一饭

11

碗量达约200 mL的药水。

Drain the solution． This is the first dose．Don't throw the herbs away． Do the same in the evening. That is the second dose． Take the first dose in the morning， the second in the evening．

将药水滗出，这是头煎。不要将药扔掉．仍照原法下午再煎一次，这是二煎。头煎早晨服，二煎晚上服．

This is the first-decocted herb. Boil it for 20~30 min before you put in the others. Then continue boiling for another 30/40 min.

这个是先煎的中药， 你就把它先煮开20~30分钟，然后就把这些大包放下去再煮30/40分钟左右即可。

This is the later-decocted herb. Put them in the pot when there’s about 2 bowls’ water left, and boil them for about 5min. One bag a day. 这个是后煮的就是大概在2碗水的时候把这个加进去再煮5分钟就可以了，每天煎一包。

For Child, you should divided the decoction into 3 equal parts, and each part will be taken every half an hour. 小孩分三次服，每隔半小时服一次。 P： OK, thank you! 好的，谢谢！

Ph：Do you need a repeat? 需要我再重复一遍吗？

P： No, it’ Ok, I see. Thank you!/ Yes, please (repeat again).

不用了，谢谢！我能明白。/好的，请你再给我重复说一边吧！谢谢！ Ph：OK, ? 好的。（??）

We can make the solution for you for six days． Take two bags daily， one in the morning，one in the evening. Please put them in the refrigerator or keep them in a very cool place. Don't take the medicine while it is cold．

我们可以给你煎出六天的药．每天服两袋早上一袋，晚上一袋．代煎药要放在冰箱里或是放在凉爽的地方．不能服冷药． P： Must I boil it before taking it？ 每次服以前要将它煮开吗？ Ph： No． Put it in a glass and warm it in a bowl of hot water 不必．可以将药盛在玻璃杯里，将它放在一碗热水中加温． Ph：Hello! Would you like to have the herbs decocted here or taken away?

您好！请问你这些中草药是在这里煮还是拿回家自己煮？ P：(I’d like to) decoct here. 我想在这里煮。

Ph：We can make the solution for you for six days． Take two bags daily， one in the morning，one in the evening. Please put them in the refrigerator or keep them in a very cool place. Don't take the medicine while it is cold．

我们可以给你煎出六天的药．每天服两袋早上一袋，晚上一袋．代煎药要放在冰箱里或是放在凉爽的地方．不能服冷药． P：OK! How much?

好的，多少钱？

Ph：You should pay 2.5 RMB for one package. And it will be ready this afternoon/ tomorrow morning/ after 3 o’clock tomorrow afternoon. OK? 每包中药的代煎费是2.5元。但是要今天下午/明天上午/明天下午3点后才可以把煮好的中药取走。可以吗？

P：This afternoon? Can we change to some other time ? what about two

hours later?

今天下午？其他时间可以吗？两小时以后可以吗？

Ph：Sorry, we cannot arrange that time for you, because there are too many patients here. Maybe you can decoct the herbs by yourself or go to the outside drugstore for help.

对不起，我们不能为你安排这个时间来取药，因为需要代煎的病人实在太多。建议你可以自己煎或到外面的药店代煎。 P：Well, I’ll take them back this afternoon. 好吧，我下午来取药。

Ph：OK, here is the bill for decocting. Go along this way, turn right and you will see the cashier. Please come back and give the receipt to me after paying. Remember to take the medicine with the corresponding receipt this afternoon/ tomorrow morning/ after 3 o’clock tomorrow afternoon.

那好， 我就开一张煮药单给你去交费，请直走向右转就看见收费处了，交完费后请把单拿回来给我。记得你今天下午/明天上午/明天下午3点以后凭这张单来取中药。 P： OK, I see .thank you! 好的，我明白了，谢谢你！

Ph：Your are welcome! May you recover soon! 不用谢，祝你早日康复！ Special methods of decocting herbs 特殊煎药法：

1．First-decocted herbs: some kinds of herbs must be decocted first in the decoction vessel for about 15 min, then put the others in.

先煎药：先将先煎药放在煎药器内，用水煎之，约煮开十五分钟，然后将其它的药加入同煎。

2．Later-decocted herbs: the herbs must be added after the others being boiled to the fixed volume, and then boiled for another 5 min.

后下药：待药汁煎至预定服量时，然后将后下药投入煎药器内，与药汁同煎5分钟即可。

3．Melted herbs: when the herbs were decocted to a fixed volume, take the gruffs out of the decoction, put the melted herbs in, and continue boiling them, then you can take the decoction after they are dissolved well.

另熔药：当药汁煎至预定服量时，即将药渣取出，然后将另熔药加入同煎，待熔解即可服用。

4．Infused herbs: Take the herbs after mixing with the boiled decoction. 冲服药：用煎好的药汁将冲服药送服。

5．Herbs infused in hot water: put the herbs into the bowl, and add

12 you? )

有什么问题吗？

Patient: I think I have a cold. 我想我感冒了。

D: How long have you been sick? 您病了多久？ P: For two days. 两天了。

D: What symptoms do you have? 您有些什么症状？

P: I have a runny nose and I ache all over. 流鼻涕，全身都痛。 D: Do you have a fever? 您发烧吗？

P: I haven't taken my temperature yet, but I feel feverish. 我还没试表，但是我觉得发烧。 D: Do you have a cough? 咳嗽吗？ P: No, I don't 不咳嗽。

D: Do you have a sore throat? 嗓子痛吗？

P: Yes, my throat feels swollen. It's sore. 是的，我觉得嗓子肿了，很痛。

D: I want to look at your throat. Open your mouth. Please say \ 我检查一下您的嗓子，请张开口说“啊”。

It's only a common cold. Nothing to worry about. You should rest for a few days, I'll write you a certificate for three days' leave. Here is some Chinese traditional medicine, which is very effective for treating colds. You'll be fine in a few days.

只不过是普通的感冒。不要紧的。您需要好好休息几天，我给您开个 三天的假条。这是中药，治感冒很有效。我看用不了几天您就会好的。

Upper Respiratory Tract Infection

Respiratory System 呼吸系统疾病

Cold 感冒

Doctor: What seems to be the problem? (Is there anything bothering decoction into it, cover it until reaching the suitable temperature. 焗服药：先将焗服药放在碗里，然后将煎好之药汁冲落中，用盖盖上待温度降至适当时，滤出药汁服用。

Conversation in clinics

临床会话

上呼吸道感染

Parent: My child is coughing, sneezing and has a running nose. 我这孩子咳嗽，打喷嚏，流鼻涕。 Doctor: How long has he been ill? 有几天了？ P: For two days. 两天了。

D: Does he have a temperature? 发烧吗？ P: Yes, it's 38℃ 发烧摄氏 38 度。

D: How much has he been coughing? Has he any sputum? 咳得厉害吗？有痰吗？

P: He has a bad, dry cough, especially at night. He hasn't been sleeping well. Sometimes, he has vomited after coughing.

咳得厉害，是干咳，尤其在晚上，他睡不好，有时咳后就吐。 D: Has he a sore throat? 嗓子疼痛吗？

P: Yes. He has difficulty in eating solid foods. He can drink only water. 嗓子疼，吃东西困难，只能喝水。 D: Is any one else ill in your family? 家里还有其他人得同样的病吗？ P: His sister had it a few days ago. 前几天他妹妹也得了同样的病。 D: Most likely it's a virus infection. 很可能是病毒感染。

I'll give you a prescription. The white tablet is for his fever. Give him one table when his temperature is above 38℃， but not more than once every four hours. The other medicine is for his cough. Give him one teaspoonful three times a day. If he is worse, bring him back anytime. 我给你开个处方。白色药片是退热的。若体温超过38℃，就给他吃一 片，但必须隔4 个小时以上才能再吃一次。另一种是止咳药水，每次 一茶匙，一天三次。如不见好，随时带他来看。 Bronchial Asthma， Asthmatic Bronchitis （支气管哮喘，哮喘性支气管炎） Parent: My child has been coughing and wheezing for three days. He hasn't been sleeping well at night.

我的孩子又咳又喘已经三天了，同时他晚上总睡不好觉。 Doctor: Is the cough very bad? Much sputum? Any temperature? 咳嗽的厉害吗？痰多吗？发烧吗？

P: He has a bad dry cough. At the end of the coughing spell, he has some sputum.. He has no temperature.

是干咳，但是咳得非常厉害。咳到最后咳出一些痰。他不发烧。 D: Can he lie flat? Do his lips appear blue? 他能躺平吗？他的嘴唇发紫吗？

P: When the attack is severe, he can't lie flat. Both his lips and nails

13

我胃疼。

Doctor: How long have you had it? 疼了多久？

P: I have had it off and on ( intermittently) for the past three years. It has been really bad these past two weeks.

断断续续已经疼了三年，近两周来疼的很厉害。 D: Do you feel it only when your stomach is empty? 是在肚子空的时候才觉得疼痛吗？ P: Yes. After I eat, it goes away for a while. 是的，吃了东西以后疼痛缓解一会儿。 D: When do you get it? 什么时候才疼呢？

P: Usually when I get very nervous. Sometimes it wakes me up in the middle of the night.

通常是在我兴奋激动时，有时半夜把我疼醒了。 D: What kind of pain do you have? 是怎样一种疼痛？

P: It gives me a burning sensation. 象烧灼一样地疼。

D: Usually how do you get relief? appear blue.

在发作厉害的时候，他不能躺平。他的嘴唇和指甲都发紫。 D: Has he ever had attacks like these before? 他以前有类似的发作吗？ P: He has had them for two years. 经常发作已经两年了。

D: Can you tell me what you think his attacks may be related to? Cold? Specific foods? Does he have more in a particular season?

你能告诉我你以为他的发作和什么有关吗？寒凉？特殊食物？他在特定季节发作得频繁吗？ P: I don't know what causes them 我不知道是什么原因引起的。

D: Did he ever have asthmatic attacks in your country? 他在你们国内时喘过吗？

P: He had some attacks, but now he is getting worse. All the medicines give only a temporary relief. Can you suggest something.

在我们国家发作过几次，但是现在比以前重了。所以得药都只是暂时有效，你有什么更好得办法吗？

D: I think he is allergic to something, and so should be examined in the allergy clinic.

我想他是对什么过敏，最好去变态反应科去检查一下。 Digestive System 消化系统疾病*

Peptic Ulcer 消化性溃疡

Patient: I have a pain in my stomach

平常您是怎样止疼的呢？

P: After I take some sodium bicarbonate, the pain goes away temporarily.

在服小苏打后，疼痛可暂时缓解。 D: Have you had any nausea or vomiting? 你恶心呕吐过吗？ P: Yes, occasionally. 是的，有时候有。

D: Are your bowels regular? Have you observed your stools? 你大便正常吗？你注意过你的粪便吗？

P: I usually have to go once every other day. I was very worried because last night I went twice and the color was black(tarry).

平常我隔日大便一次。昨晚我大便了两次，颜色还是黑（象柏油似）的，我很担心。

D: Let me examine your abdomen. Lie down on your back and bend your knees up please.

让我检查一下您的肚子，请仰躺，把腿卷起来。

It sounds like a duodenal ulcer, but we have to do some tests, and taken x-ray first, before we can be certain.

看起来象十二指肠溃疡，但需做一些化验和拍张X 线片才能确诊。 You should have a complete rest and give your stomach as little work as possible. Take only fluids. There is nothing better than boiled tepid milk taken regularly in small quantities. In addition, I will give you some medicine. If the black stools persist or your condition gets worse, come back to the hospital at once.

您应当彻底休息并尽量减轻胃的工作，应当吃流食。按时少量吃些煮过的温牛奶是最好不过了。此外，我还要给您一些药。如果持续有黑便或病情有恶化，就马上来看。 P: Thank you. I'll follow your advice. 谢谢您，我将遵嘱。

Peptic-duodenal Ulcer （胃十二指肠溃疡）

Patient: My stools have been black for the past two days and I feel weak.

这两天我大便发黑而且感到虚弱。 Doctor: Have they ever been black before? 以前你的大便发黑过吗？ P: No. This is the first time. 没有。这是第一次。 D: Have you had any pain? 你感到有什么地方疼痛吗？ P: Yes, in my stomach. 是的，我胃痛。

D: How long have you had it? 你痛了多久？

P: I've had it on and off for the past two years, but it was never as bad as

14

this before.

我好好坏坏疼了两年，但从来没有象这次那样疼过。 D: When do you feel the pain? 什么时间疼？

P: Just after meals my stomach aches. Sometime vomited. 刚吃完饭就疼，有时还吐。

Now I have it almost every day. It often awakens me 2 to 3 hours after I go to sleep.

我几乎每天都疼，常常在夜间入睡两、三小时就把我疼醒了。 D: What kind of a pain is it? 是什么性质的疼呢？ P: like heartburn. 烧心样疼。

D: Does spicy food affect if? 辛辣食物会加重疼痛吗？

P: Yes. It's often worse after I eat spicy food or onions. 是的，吃了辛辣的食物或洋葱都加重疼痛。 D: Do you have less pain after eating? 吃东西后疼痛就缓和些吗？ P: Yes, a little. 是的，稍缓和些。

D: Did you vomit sometimes? 你吐过吗？ P: Yes, I did. 吐过。

D: What did you vomit, food or blood? 吐出的是什么东西，食物还是血？ P: Food with a little blood. 食物和一点血。

D: What was the color of the blood, red or black? 吐出的血是鲜红的，还是黑的？ P: Like coffee. 象咖啡似的。

D: I'll examine you abdomen. Lie down on your back and loosen you clothes. Please bend your knees. I think we'd better take a x-ray film of your gastrointestinal tract. I think you've got a peptic ulcer ( duodenal ulcer). I'll give you some medicine. Have a good rest at home. 让我检查一下你的腹部。躺下，松开衣服请屈膝。我想我们最好照个胃肠X 线片像。我看你得的是胃（十二指肠）溃疡。我要给你一些药。好好在家休息。

P: Is there anything else I should do? 还要注意些什么吗？

D: If possible avoid all alcohol. Whenever you have any bleeding, come immediately to the hospital.

如果可能应戒酒，若再有出血马上到医院来。

Your problem probably comes from a duodenal ulcer. You are suffering

from shock due to bleeding. The medicine we have been using has not been effective and so we feel that it is necessary to perform an operation.

你可能是十二指肠溃疡。你的休克是因失血引起的。我们用过许多药效果都不好。所以我们认为需要手术治疗。 P: Do anything you feel is necessary, Doctor! 医生，你认为需要就做吧！

D: I would like to talk about the operation with you. The operation may be the best way to cure you. However, there are certain dangers in operating, such as the hazards of anesthetics, or you may be unable to withstand the stress of the operation. Moreover, after the operation, post-operative complications may occur, such as bleeding, infections or even continued intestinal obstruction.

我要和你谈谈手术的问题。手术也许是治疗的最好办法。但是手术也有一定的危险。如麻醉的危害或你的身体经受不住手术，同时手术后可能会出现并发症，如出血、感染，甚至持续肠梗阻。 Vomiting and Diarrhea （呕吐和腹泻） Parent: My child has been vomiting frequently. 从什么时候开始的？一天大概几次？ Doctor: When did it start? How frequently? 有十天了。一天吐五次左右。

P: It started about ten days ago. He vomits about five times a day. 他通常在什么时候吐？ D: When does he usually vomit? 他通常在进食以后吐。 P: Usually after taking food. 每次吐的量多还是少？

D: Does he vomit a large or small amount each time? 每次吐的不太多。 P: Not too much. 每次吐的不太多。 D: Is his stool normal? 大便正常吗？ P: Yes. 正常。

D: How about his appetite? 他的胃口怎样？ P: It's good. 他的胃口是好的。 D: Is he losing weight? 他的体重减轻了吗？

P: No. Everything else seems to be all right. 没有。别的似乎都很正常

D: Most likely this is due to improper feeding. After feeding, the baby should be held erect over your shoulder and patted gently on the back,

15

so that any swallowed air can come out. After burping him, put him in his crip on his right side with his head slightly raised. If he should vomit, you should turn him on to his side with his face down, so he can't inhale his vomit.

他的呕吐看来是喂养不当。每次喂完奶，应该把孩子竖起来，靠在您的肩膀上，然后轻轻拍他的后背。这样吞咽的气可以排出来。让他打嗝以后，孩子应向右侧躺，头稍稍微抬起一点。如果他吐的话，应使他脸朝下，他就不致于把吐的东西吸进去了。 D: Has he got diarrhea? 他腹泻吗？ P: Yes for two days. 已经腹泻两天了。

D: How many times a day? Is stool watery (very loose, large in amount)?

Is there pus, blood or mucus in it?

一天大便几次？是水样便（很稀，量很多）吗？里面有没有脓、血或粘液？

P: About five times a day. They are quite loose with milk cured and undigested food in them.

一天大约五次，很稀，还有奶瓣和不消化的食物。

D: He's probably got indigestion. Please stop all food except milk. Try to give him a little less milk than usual. Now, I'll prescribe some medicine for him

他大概是消化不良。请停用所有的辅食，只给他奶吃，要减少一点奶量，我给他开点药。 Cardiovascular System 心血管系统疾病

Anaemia 贫血

Patient: I have felt weak recently. These last few days I've felt worse. I don't know what is the matter with me.

我最近觉得乏力。这几天更重。我不知道出了什么问题。 Doctor: You look very pale. I'll give you a thorough check-up. 你看起来很苍白。我给你详细检查一下。

Now, first of all, I would like to have a detailed history. How long have you felt sick?

现在，首先我想知道详细的病史。你病了多久了？

P: I'm not quite certain. I've been feeling fatigued ( tired ) for a year or so.

我不能肯定。我感到疲乏已经有一年左右了。 D: Any other complaints? How is your appetite? 还有其他的不舒服吗？ 你的食欲怎样？

P: My appetite's all right. I just feel tired. My legs are so weak sometimes, I can't even climb the stairs. Occasionally, I feel short of breath and giddy.

我的食欲还好。我只是感到疲劳。有时我的两腿特别无力，我甚至

不能爬楼梯。有时候我觉得气短和头晕。 D: How are your periods? Are they very heavy? 你的月经怎样？量很多吗？

P: Usually they last about a week. They seem heavy. Sometimes there are clots. During my period, I feel a lot of pain.

一般持续一周左右。量是很多的。有时有血块。在经期中我感到很痛。

D: I want you to have a blood test now and I'll wait for the result. 我希望你作一次血液检查，我在这里等结果。

According to the blood test, you are suffering from an iron deficiency anaemia, probably due to your heavy periods.

根据血液检查，说明你得的是缺铁性贫血，可能和你的月经过多有关。

P: What should I do? 我该怎么办呢？

D: I am going to prescribe some iron tablets for you, which should be taken after meals or they will spoil your appetite. Then I would like you to see a gynecologist. We'll make an appointment for next Tuesday at 8:00 A.M.

我给你开一些铁的片剂，应在饭后服用，否则会影响你的食欲。另外我想你应去妇科检查一下，我们给你约在下周二早晨8 点钟。 Hypertension 高血压 Patient: I get terrible headaches. 我头疼得厉害。

Doctor: When did they begin? 什么时候开始的？ P: About a week ago. 大约一个星期前。

D: Does it help if you take aspirin? 吃阿司匹林有效吗？

P: No. They just seem to go away by themselves. 无效。疼痛好像是自然缓解的。

D: Have you ever had this kind of headache before? 您以前有过这样的头疼吗？

P: I have had headaches off and on for the last few years, but none as bad as this.

近几年来我断断续续的头疼，但从来没有这次厉害。 D: Had you visited a doctor before? Did he say anything about it? 您以前看过医生吗？他说些什么没有？

P: Three years ago I went to the local hospital for a swimming certificate. They told me that If had hypertension.

三年前我去当地医院作游泳健康检查，医生告诉我我患有高血压。 D: Have you ever had swollen ankles? 您的脚腕肿过没有？ P: Not that I can remember. 我可不记得。

16

D: What kind of treatment did you have in the past? 您以前曾做过什么治疗？ P: I took \ 我有时吃“利血平”。

D: Let me take your blood pressure. 让我量一下您的血压。

It's 200 over 120. That's moderately high. I would like you to do a urinalysis, blood urea nitrogen test, chest x-ray and electrocardiogram examination

您的血压是200/120， 中等度升高，我要给你作尿的常规化验血的血尿素氨化验，还要照X 线胸片和做心电图检查。

You should have a good rest, avoid nervous tension or stress, and give up smoking and alcohol. In addition, I'll give you some medicine. 您应该好好休息，避免精神紧张或思想负担，忌烟酒。此外我要给你些药。

Come back again next week for the results and another check of your blood pressure.

一周后来复诊看化验结果和复查血压。

Heart Failure 心力衰竭 Doctor: What is troubling you? 我觉得怎不舒服？

Patient: I have great difficulty in catching my breath. My heart is beating very fast.

我呼吸很困难，心跳得很快。

D: When did you begin to notice these symptoms? 您什么时候发现这些症状的？

P: Well, five years ago in a routine check-up my school doctor told me that I had heart trouble. But is didn't bother me and I could carry on as usual. About the last two years, I have noticed when I climb stairs my heart beats faster and I have to stop and catch my breath.

五年前在常规体格检查时校医告诉我我得心脏有问题。但是我毫无不适，能照常活动。最近两年我发现上楼梯时心跳得很快，并且不得不停下来喘气。

D: How many pillows do you use when you sleep? 您睡觉时用几个枕头？

P: Two. I used to need only one, but since last year I had to add another. 两个，我这一生都是睡一个枕头，但自从去年起，我必须增加一个。 D: Do you ever have to sit up to catch your breath at night? 你夜里得坐起来呼吸吗？

P: Yes. This has been happening in the past 2 or 3 days. 是的，这是近两三天来才发生的。

D: Did you ever notice any swelling in your ankles? 您发觉过您脚脖子浮肿吗？

P: Yes, recently it occurred in the afternoon and disappeared the next morning.

是的，最近每天下午脚脖子浮肿，第二天早晨就消失了。

D: Lie on the bed please. I'll examine you. 请躺在床上，我给您检查一下。 I'll give you an EKG and a chest x-ray.

我要给您作一个心电图再作一个X 线胸部检查。 It seems you had better be hospitalized. 看来您最好还是住院。 P: Is it that bad? 有那么严重吗？

D: No, it is not very serious, but I don't want to take any risks. You'll be all right soon.

不，情况不很严重。可是，还是小心点好。您很快就会好的。 Metabolic Disorders 代谢系统疾病*

Diabetes 糖尿病

Patient: Recently I've been feeling very thirsty and passing a lot of urine, Is there any wrong with me?

最近我总觉得口渴和尿量很多。是有了什么毛病吧？ Doctor: How is you appetite? How do you feel otherwise? 你的胃口怎么样？一般健康状况好吗？

P: I've lost weight despite my good appetite, and I feel weak all the time.

尽管我的食欲很好，我的体重还是减轻了。我整天觉得很疲劳。 D: Let me examine your urine. You may have diabetes. 我给你检查一下尿吧。很可能你得了糖尿病。 P: What is that? Can it be cured? 这是什么意思？糖尿病能够治愈吗？

D: Diabetes is a chronic disease due to poor functioning of the pancreas. It upsets the metabolism of sugar, fat and protein. Right now, it can't be cured, but it can be controlled so that you can enjoy life and feel well. You should stick to a special diet and avoid sugar and sweets. 糖尿病是一种慢性病，由于胰腺功能不良引起。它使糖、脂肪喝蛋白质的代谢发生异常。目前还没有治愈办法。但是可以被控制，因此你能生活得很愉快。你应坚持控制饮食，不吃糖和甜食。 P: Can I smoke? 我能吸烟吗？

D: Smoking is harmful to anyone's health. Better give it up. 吸烟对任何人都是有害的。我劝你戒烟。 P: Can I drink alcohol? 我能饮酒吗？

D: In moderation. As you know alcohol contains calories and must be counted in your meal plan.

可适当喝一点。你知道酒精能增加热卡，因此必须计算在你的食谱之内。

P:How can I keep to a good diet?

我怎样才能保持一个良好的饮食方案呢？

17

D: You should learn as much as you can about diabetes, have your urine tested regularly, stick to your diet, take your medicine and have some regular exercise. Then you can live a full, useful and meaningful life. 你应当尽量学习一些有过糖尿病的知识，定期检查你的小便。坚持食谱中的规定，按时服药。要有定量的运动。于是你能生活得美满、有益和有意义。

Hyperthyroidism 甲状腺机能亢进

Patient: I'm easily moved to anger with the onset of palpitation for the past two months.

近两个月来我净爱发火并且心慌。

Doctor: Have you been feeling this way before? 以前有过这样感觉吗？

P: No, this has been happening for the past 2 months only. 没有，这只是近两个月才发生的事。 D: Have you lost any weight recently? 你最近体重减少了吗？

P: Yes, I have, in spite of increased intake of food, I lost 10 pounds in weight over a period of 2 months.

是的，尽管我饭量增加，但两个月来我已掉了 10 磅。 D: Do you sleep well? 你睡得好吗？

P: I have been suffering from insomnia lately. 我近来一直失眠。

D: Have you been sweating as much as you usually do? 你最近出汗和往常一样多吗？

P: My sweating has increased notably. I just can't stand warm weather at all.

我比原先汗出得多了。我简直耐受不住热天。

D: All right, would you please get undressed now? Let me examine you. Now, swallow, please.

好的，请脱下衣服好吗？我检查一下。现在请做一个吞咽动作。 There are some tests you'll have to get done and we'll see you in one week. At that time we'll start on a definite therapy for you condition. 你还得做些试验，一周后再来。那时我们要开始对你的病进行确切的治疗。

P: Thank you, Doctor, but tell me what's wrong with me? 谢谢你，医生。请告诉我我得了什么病。

D: I suspect that you might have hyperthyroidism. Take this paper to the office the nurse will arrange a time for you to have some thyroid function tests made.

我估计你得了甲状腺机能亢进病。拿这些化验单到办公室去，护士会给你安排时间，做一些甲状腺机能的检查。 (after a few days)

The results of the thyroid scanning and protein-bound-iodine show that you have hyperthyroidism. (The thyroid scanning reveals that the

module of thyroid is a \have a goiter.)

根据甲状腺扫描和蛋白结合碘检查结果说明你得了甲状腺机能亢进病。（甲状腺扫描发现甲状腺结节是“冷结节”， 也就是无功能的，你正是得了甲状腺肿。） P: Can something be done about it? 有什么办法治吗？

D: I think a subtotal thyroidectomy is necessary. 我想需要做个甲状腺次全切除术。

P: The operation will make a scar on my neck, won't it? 手术会在我颈部留下瘢痕吗？ D: Yes, I'm afraid so. 是，会留下的。

P: Is there any way to avoid surgery? If possible, I would rather not have surgery.

有什么方法能避免手术吗？ 如果可能的话，我不想做手术。 D: Of course, antithyroid drugs, such as propylthiouracil and tapazole are used to control the symptoms. Their advantages are the avoidance of a surgical procedure with its attendant rare complications of recurrent nerve paralysis or hypopara thyroidism, and reduced cost. But the major disadvantages of the medical treatment are the time required to gain control of the disease and the disease is rather prone to recur after treatment. However, the drug therapy also has some side effects such as skin rash, fever, peripheral neuritis, and polyarteritis.

当然，抗甲状腺药物如丙硫氧嘧啶和他巴唑可以控制症状。它们得优点是：免得动手术，并防止由之引起的罕见并发症，如喉返神经麻痹或甲状腺机能减退等，而且费用低廉。但是药物治疗的主要缺点是控制疾病需要较长时间。治疗之后，很容易复发。况且药物疗法还有副作用，比如皮疹、发烧、末梢神经炎和多动脉炎。 P: Thank you, Doctor. Let me discuss it with my husband, then we'll decide what to choose.

谢谢你，医生，请让我跟我丈夫商量一下后，我们再决定采取什么办法。

Gout 痛风 Patient: Doctor, I've a terrible pain in my foot. 医生，我的脚疼得厉害。

Doctor: Now tell me exactly what is wrong? 请告诉我确切情况。

P: I suddenly began to feel a severe pain in the joint of this toe. 我突然感到这个脚趾的关节很疼。 D: Can you decribe the pain? 你能描述一下是怎么疼法吗？

P: It feels like a red-hot knife stabbing my toe. 好像烧红的刀子在我拇趾上戳一样。 D: How long have you had it?

18

疼多久了？

P: Since last midnight. It hurt so much I couldn't sleep at all. This morning .I saw that the skin was red, hot and swollen.

从昨晚半夜开始。疼得我睡不着觉。今天早晨患趾表面的皮肤又红，又热，又肿。

D: Have you had it before? ( Does this often happen?) 以前有过这样情况吗？（经常发作吗？）

P: No. This is the first time. It's never happened before. 这是第一次，以前从来没有疼过。 D: Have you noticed any lumps on your ear? 你是否注意过你耳朵上有小肿块？ P: No. 没有。

D: Do you drink a lot? 你酒喝得多吗？ P: Yes, I drink often. 是的，经常喝。

D: Do you eat a lot of meat? 肉吃得多吗？ P: Yes, I love meat. 是的，我喜欢吃肉。

D: Has anyone in your family had the same trouble? 你家里有人得过这种病呢？

P: Yes, my father and my elder brother. They died ten years ago. 有，我父亲和我哥哥都有过这样的疼痛，他们10年前都去世了。 D: I think it's probably gout. You'd better have your foot x-rayed and have a blood test for blood uric acid level, just to be sure, Take this paper to the office; the nurse will tell you what to do.

我看是痛风。为了证实，你得拍张你脚的X线片，查查血中的尿酸含量，把这张申请单拿到办公室去，护士会告诉你怎样去做的。 P:When shall I come back? 我什么时候再来门诊呢？

D: Come back the day after tomorrow for the results. 后天来看结果。

Your x-ray and raised blood uric acid level show you have gout. X线片和血尿酸浓度升高都证明你得的是痛风。 P: Can it be cured? 能治好吗？

D: Yes. Here's your prescription. In addition, the affected toes should be rested and protected from any contact. Have regular meals, keep to a diet of salads and fruit, and eat very little meat. Avoid all alcohol. 当然能只好。这是你的处方。另外，患趾尽量少动，不要有东西压它。饮食要有规律，多吃蔬菜水果，少吃肉类。不要喝酒。 Urinary System 泌尿系统疾病

Acute Pyelonephritis

急性肾盂肾炎 Patient: I feel pain when urinating. 我排尿时痛。

Doctor: How long have you had it? 有多久了？

P: About two or three days. 大约两三天了。 D: What kind of pain is it? 是什么样的疼痛？

P: It's a kind of burning pain. It seems to be getting worse. 是一种烧灼痛，而且好像越来越重。 D: Any other symptoms? 还有其它什么症状吗？

P: I have a terrible headache and a backache. I feel feverish and shivery. I also want to pass water more often than usual.

我有严重的头痛和腰疼。我觉得发冷还发烧。我还有尿频现象。 D: How many times do you have to pass urine each day? 您每天需要排多少次尿呢？ P: I can't say. Almost hourly. 我说不清，几乎每小时一次。 D: Have you any blood in your urine? 你尿里带血吗？ P: No. 没有。

D: You may have an acute pyelonephirtis. I want a routing urine and a mid-stream clear catch urinalysis. I'll also send a urine specimen for culture and sensitivity.

你得的也许是急性肾盂肾炎。要做个尿常规检查。同时要做清洁中段尿分析。再送个尿标本做培养和敏感试验。

There is no doubt that you have acute pyelonephritis, a kind of urinary tract infection.

毫无疑问您患的是肾盂肾炎，一种泌尿系统感染。 P: What shall I do? 我该怎么办呢？

D: You should rest in bed and drink plenty of water. You need injections and also some tablets.

您应卧床休息并且大量喝水，应接受一些注射和口服药物。 P: When should I come back? 我什么时候再来复诊呢？

D: I would like to see you in three days. If the symptoms get worse, come to the emergency clinic immediately. 三天后再来门诊。如果病情恶化就马上来急诊。 Urinary Trouble 泌尿科疾患 Patient: I've been having trouble with passing water. 我小便不利。

19

Doctor: For how long? 有多久了。

P: About seven months. It seems worse after drinking wine. 大约7 个月了，喝酒后症状就加重。 D: What kind of trouble is it? 你是怎样不舒服？

P: The stream is weak and doesn't start immediately. 尿不通畅，马上还尿不出来。

D: Do you have any pain during urination? 你小便时疼吗？

P: Yes. A severe burning sensation all the time I'm passing water. 是的，整个排尿过程都有烧灼疼。

D: Have you ever passed any blood in your urine? 你尿里便过血吗？ P: No, I haven't 没有。

D: How many times a night do you have to pass water? 你一晚上得尿几次？ P: About five times a night. 大约五次。

D: How many times a day? 白天几次呢？

P: At least 15 to 20 times, but each time only a little bit. 至少有15到20次，但每次就那么一点点。

D: Have you noticed any discharge at the tip of your penis before you begin to urinate in the morning?

早晨第一次排尿时，你发现小便口上有分泌物吗？ P: No. 没有。

D: We would like to have a urine specimen to examine it, take this paper to the office. The nurse will tell you what to do. Wait for the result, then come back.

我们想让你留个尿标本检查，拿着这化验单到办公室去。护士会告诉你怎样做。等得出结果后你再回来。

D: I'll do a rectal examination. Don't be afraid. Please undress and lie in aknee-chest position.

我给你做一下直肠检查。不要紧张。请脱去裤子，跪着趴下。 P: Doctor, can you tell me what's the matter? 医生，你能告诉我是怎么回事吗？

D: I think you have a prostatic hypertrophy ( prostatitis, a urinary stone ).

我想你恐怕得了前列腺肥大（前列腺炎，泌尿系统结石）。 Have you ever had syphilis? 你得过梅毒吗？

Have you ever had a pimple on your penis? Have you ever had gonorrhea?

你阴茎上长过疙瘩吗？ 你得过淋病吗？

You must tell me the truth, so that I can treat you properly. 请如实告诉我真相，我好给你正确治疗。 P: I've had gonorrhea, but that was cured. 我得过淋病，但早已治好了。

Chronic Prostatitis 慢性前列腺炎

Patient: I have not been feeling well for some time, I seem to be losing my usual pep and vigor.

我最近一段时间感到很不好，好像精神和体力都不行了。

Doctor: I beg your pardon. I didn't quite get you. Please speak more slowly, I know only a little English.

请你再说一遍，我没有完全听懂你的话，你讲慢一点，我的英文不好。

P: Oh, I am sorry, Doctor, I mean, I seem to get tired very easily and feel discomfort in the lower abdomen, the back and the penis, and I have noticed a gradual loss of sexual desire over the past few months. 对不起，医生。我是说我很容易感到疲劳并感到下腹部、腰部和小便的地方不舒服。同时我发现近几个月性欲逐渐减退。

D: Have you ever noticed a creamy discharge at the end of your penis before you begin to urinate in the morning?

早晨开始小便前你是否注意到小便口上有白色分泌物？ P: Yes, I have. What do you think is the matter? 有，你看这是什么问题呢？

D: I suspect that you might have chronic prostatitis. In order to make sure, I think you should have a three-glass urine test made as well as an examination of the prostatic secretion.

我想你得了慢性前列腺炎。为了明确诊断，你要作一次“三杯尿”试验，同时做前列腺液检查。 P: How can I do these? 怎样做法呢？

D: Well, I'll tell you how to do it. Take three bottles to the bathroom when you pass urine, put a little at the beginning in one bottle, then a little at the middle in the second bottle, and then a little at the end in the third bottle. Send the specimens to the laboratory, then come back. 我来告诉你怎样做。你拿三个尿瓶子到厕所去，当你排尿时，取开始的一点尿放在第一个瓶子里；中间一段尿放在第二个瓶子里；然后放最末一段尿到第三个瓶子里。将标本送到化验室去，然后回来。 Now, I'll do a rectal examination for you to take the prostatic secretion for microscopec examination.

现在我给你做一个肛门检查，取点前列腺分泌液在显微镜下检查。 P: What did you find on examination? 检查发现什么了吗？

D: We found a lot of white cells and clumping of leukocytes of your prostatic secretion. The urine also contains a lot of white blood cells in the first portion of the urine.

20

我结婚五年没有小孩。 Doctor: How old are you? 你多大了？

P: I'm thirty four years old. 34 岁。

D: Have you had any illness before? And how about the health of your husband?

过去有过病吗？你丈夫的健康情况怎样？

P: We are both healthy and have had no disease before, but my periods are not regular and the bleeding is scanty.

我们都很健康，没生过什么病，但是我的月经不准而且量很少。 D: How about your menstrual cycle? 你的月经周期怎样？

P: It is always half a month or one month late. In the past 6 months, the amount of blood lost has idminished to about one-third of the previouseriods. On the other hand, I have gained weight for the last 6 我们发现你的前列腺液中有相当多的白细胞，甚至有白细胞丛生现象。在第一段尿检查中发现有白细胞。 P: What do you think is the matter? 这些你认为是什么问题呢？

D: These findings support my primary diagnosis. 这些发现证实了我的初步诊断。 P: Is it serious? 这严重吗？

D: No, if we can manage it properly. 不，如果正确处理问题不大。 P: Please tell me what should be done. 请告诉我该怎样做。

D: I'll give you antibacterial treatment, but prostatic massage and hip baths are probably even more important, Chinese medicine will do you good too.

我给你用抗菌素治疗，但是前列腺按摩和热水坐浴可能更重要。中药对你这病也有好处。 P: Any other things I should do? 还有什么事我要做的吗？

D: If possible, alcoholic beverages and spicy food should be avoided. Normal frequency of sexual intercourse is not considered harmful since it promotes emptying of the prostate.

如果可能，尽量避免饮酒和吃刺激性的食物。正常的性交没有害处，因为它可以促使前列腺排空。 Reproductive System 生殖系统疾病

Sterility 不孕

Patient: I have borne no child since my marriage 5years ago.

months. It is strange.

往往晚来半至一个月。近六个月来我的月经量减少了。只有过去三分之一那么多。另一方面，奇怪的是半年来我发胖了。 D: Has your husband had his semen examined? 你的丈夫查过精液吗？

P: Yes, it is normal in number and activity, with less anormaly. 查过，精子的数目和活动都正常，畸形也较少。

D: Empty your bladder first. Let me do a pelvic examination. Take off your shoes and panties, and lie on the examining table. The cervix is rather tight and small. The position of the uterus is normal, but it is small in size. I will take a vaginal smear to check the estrogen level. The discharge is clean under the microscope. You should take the basal body temperature every morning before you get up, holding the thermometer under the tongue for 5 minutes, and record it on this special chart for 2 to 3 months. And take no medicine during this period. Show me the chart in a month.

请先去排空膀胱。做一次内诊检查。脱下鞋和内裤。躺在检查台上。宫颈小而紧。子宫的位置正常但小。我要给你做阴道图片查一查雌激素水平。你的分泌物在显微镜下检查很正常。请你每天早晨起床前测一下基础体温，将体温表放在舌下五分钟，然后记录在这张记录单上。共记两、三个月。这期间不吃药。一个月后把记录单拿来我看看。

P: All right. I will follow your advice. 好吧。遵照你说的办。

D: I will do a special test to see whether your tubes are blocked or not. I'll make an appointment for you then.

我要给你做一次特殊的检查，看看输卵管通不通，我给你约个时间。 For Contraception 避孕 Patient: I would like to have some contraceptives. 我希望要些避孕药。 Doctor: Then you mean the pill? 你是说避孕药片吗？ P: That's right. 对。

D: How old are you? 你多大年纪？ P: I'm 26. 26 岁。

D: Have you ever had any serious illness, such as allergies, liver or kidney trouble, hypertension, etc ?

你曾经有过严重的病吗？如过敏、肝炎、肾失调、高血压等。 P: I'm very healthy, only occasionally I suffer from colds, That's all. 我很健康，只偶尔着凉。 D: Is you menstruation regular? 你的月经准吗？

21

P: My periods are always regular. 一向很准。

D: When did you start menstruating? 你的月经是多大开始的？ P: When I was twelve. 12 岁的时候。

D: What method of contraception have you used? 你以前用过什么避孕方法？

P: An intrauterine device, but I'm told the pill is more effective than other contraceptives.

放过避孕环，但我听说口服避孕药比其它方法更有效。

D: That's correct. I don't think there will be any side-effects, but women who suffer from diabetes or liver trouble must be careful.

肯定好。除了有糖尿病、肝病等要慎重使用外，其它没有什么副作用。

P: Then I'm all right. 那我能用。

D: I'll provide you with pills and explain how to take them. How ffar apart are your menstrual cycles?

我给你药并告诉你怎样用法。你的月经相隔多少天一次？ P: Thirty days. 30 天。

D: The day that menstruation starts is counted as the first day of the cycle. From the 5th day you must take one pill each day, and for twenty-two days thereafter.

来月经的第一天是周期的第一天，从第五天起每天吃一片药共22 天。

P: Should I take it in the morning? 是要在早晨吃药吗？

D: It's better to take it in the evening before sleep. You may feel more comfortable. Anyhow you must take it regularly, or it will not be effective. One or two days after you have stopped taking the pill, your period will start. That day is again counted as the first day of the cycle and on the fifth day after that you will resume taking the pills. 晚上睡觉前吃较好，可以更舒服些。无论怎样你必须按时吃，否则就不起作用了。停药后一、两天月经就开始。那是新周期的第一天，由第五天起再同样服药。 P: I understand. 明白了。

D: Since this is your first time, I'll give you enough pills for twenty-two days.

由于这是第一次，我给呢22 天的药。

P: Once I stop taking the pill, will ovulation be normal? 当我停药后会正常排卵吗？

D: Of course, once you stop, the natural cycle resumes. 当然，一旦停药，月经会再来。

Gynaecology And Obstetrics 妇科疾病*

Morning Sickness 妊娠呕吐

Patient: I'm suffering from nausea and vomiting. I can't take any food or even water, especially in the morning.

我又恶心又吐。我不能吃东西，连水也喝不了，特别早晨更厉害。 Doctor: How long has this bothered you? 有多长时间了？

P:Nausea started about 3 weeks ago, but was not so severe. I have been suffering from terrible nausea and vomiting this week. I feel very weak. 恶心大约有三个星期了，但不太厉害。从这星期起又恶心又吐，我感到很虚弱。

D: When was your last menstruation? 您最后一次月经在什么时候？ P: My last period cam about 70 days ago. 大约70 天以前。 D: Are you trying to eat? 您试着吃点东西吗？

P: I try to eat, but I immediately throw up. 我试着吃点东西吗？

D: If you want to be relieved, try to eat something that can be easily digested, in small amounts, and intermittently. It's better for you to keep something in you stomach.

如果要想不吐。要试着少量间断地吃点容易消化的东西。总要使胃里有点东西才好。

P: You may be right. But I feel like vomiting even when I smell food. 你可能对。但我一闻到食物的味道就想吐。

D: In that case, the food should be cold, not greasy. It's always worse in the morning, therefore, you should have some snacks ready so you can take a bit if you wake up at night.

在这方面，冷食及少油的食物好些。孕吐常是早晨重些，所以应该准备些吃的东西，夜里睡醒时可以吃点。

P: How long will this continue? If possible, I'd like to stay in the hospital.

还要吐多久？如果可能，我希望住院。

D: You are now at the end of your third month of pregnancy, so this malaise will soon be over.

您现在怀孕将近三个月了，这毛病很快就会过去的。 P: Isn't there any medicine for me? 可以吃点药吗？

D: Yes, I'll give you a glucose infusion at once, but you should try to take some food yourself. Anyway we can give injections of vitamins, glucose, or some antiemetic drug, if neccessary. Morning sickness is one of the discomforts you must face when becoming a mother. About 50% of the pregnant women have different degrees of morning sickness.

22

If you can't bear it, we may give you a shot or admit you to the hospital. 好，我立刻给你由静脉输些葡萄糖，但是您自己还要吃东西。我们给您注射些维生素、葡萄糖，必要时给些止吐药。作母亲得总是会有些孕吐的。大约有50 ％的孕妇有程度不同的孕吐。如果您觉得耐受不了，我们可以给 您打针或让您住院。 Dysmenorrhea 痛经

Patient: My next period is due to start in a few days, but I have cramps already. I have been suffering from cramps every month for the last 8 years. I always feel awful just before my period.

我得月经还有几天才开始，但现在就痛起来了。从8 年前起每个月都痛，每次月经前我都害怕了。 Doctor: Are you a studentl? 你是学生吗？

P: Yes, I'm a medical student. I have severe premenstrual pain, so that I can hardly concentrate on my studies.

是的，我是医学生。月经前疼得很厉害，因此我几乎不能集中精力去学习。

D:How many days does the pain last? 要疼几天？

P: It lasts for 4 to 5 days and disappears on the 2nd day of periods. 持续4到5天，在这段期间的第二天症状消失。 D:Do you have severe headaches? 头疼得厉害么？

P: Yes, I have headaches, but not too bad. 有头疼，但不太厉害。

D: Do you have pains in your back or stomach? 你有腰疼或胃疼吗？

P: I have backaches and my legs feel heavy, I even feel that my skirts and my shoes are too tight.

我腰疼，腿发沉，我觉得裙子和鞋也发紧。 D: Then probably your legs are also a bit swollen. 那可能你的腿也有点肿吧！ P: Then, is it serious? 那么严重吗？

D: Then probably your legs are also a bit swollen. 你患有痛经并伴有经前紧张症。 P: Is there any medicine for it? 有什么药物能治吗？

D: Let's try some hormone extracts or some medicine for muscle relaxation, diuresis and analgesics.

我们试着用些激素制剂，肌肉松弛剂，利尿剂和止痛剂。 P: Is there any herbal medicine for it? 有什么中药可用的吗？

D: Oh, there are several kinds of Chinese traditional medicines, and acupuncture works also.

噢，有几种中药可以用，针刺也有效。 P: I prefer getting acupuncture. 我愿意用针刺。

D: That's all right. I will give you acupuncture treatments. 那好。我给你做针刺治疗。

P: I feel much better after acupuncture. Thank you. 做完针刺后我感觉好多了。谢谢你。

Menstrual Irregularity 月经不调 Patient: My period hasn't started yet this month. 这个月我月经还没有。

Doctor: Did it always come on time until now? 以往月经按时来吗？

P: No, before the birth of my child, my periods always came with a regular 28 days' interval. But my periods have become irregular after the delivery. Sometimes earlier sometimes later, and even one month late.

不，在生小孩前月经每28 天来一次。生孩子后月经不准，有时早，有时晚， 甚至于晚一个月。 D: How old is your son? 你的儿子多大了？ P: He is 12 months old. 他 12 个月了。

D: When was your last period? 你最后一次月经在什么时候？ P: It came 60 days ago. 60 天前。

D: Do you feed the baby now? 你还喂奶吗？

P: I feed him with my own milk and cow's milk together. 我的奶和牛奶同时用。

D: That's the reason why your period has become irregular. The menstruation is controlled by sex hormones. During breast feeding human prolactin inhibits the production of estrogen and progesterone which regulate your menstruation. I think you had better stop the breast feeding now, and then your periods will soon be regular. Otherwise, you may come back for a check-up. Could you be pregnant?

这是你月经不准的原因。月经由性激素来控制，但哺乳时，人体中的生乳素抑制雌激素及孕酮的产生。我想现在你给孩子断奶较好，这样你的月经很快就会规则。如仍不规则，你再来复查。你有可能怀孕吗？

P: No, that's impossible. My husband has not been with me for more than two months. It is a good idea for me to stop the breast feeding. Should I take some medicine?

不可能。我丈夫有两个月不在家了。断奶倒是个好建议。我要吃药

23 吗？

D: That won't be necessary. I don't think you need to worry about missing your periods.

不必要。我想你不必顾虑月经不来的问题。 P: Then will they return to normal? 月经以后会准吗？

D: Yes, once the breast feeding is stopped, sex hormones will adjust themselves. Then the periods will return to normal.

是的，一旦断奶，性激素会自行调节，月经就会正常的。

Vaginal Discharge 阴道分泌物

Patient: I had gushes of vaginal discharge this morning, and have an unpleasant feeling. I wonder if something is wrong.

我今天早晨有一股阴道分泌物流出，我感到不舒服。我怀疑有些不对头。

Doctor: I see. Have you had this discharge only today? 我知道。只有今天才有吗？

P: I've noticed it before but not so much as today. 以前我也看到过，但不象今天这么多。

D: What's the color and the character of the discharge? Is there any unpleasant odor?

分泌物是什么颜色的？什么性质的？有没有特殊的气味？ P: It's yellow, thick and creamy, but has no special odor. 分泌物是黄色的、稠奶酪样，但没有特殊气味。

D: Is your vagina itching, or do you have any pain in your vagina? 你觉得阴道痒还是疼？

P: No. I don't have any pain but I do have a sensation of itching and burning.

不疼，但有痒及烧灼感。

D: Have you ever had any female diseases, such as pelvic inflammation, cervictis or polyp of the cervix, etc?

你曾经得过妇女病么？如盆腔炎、宫颈炎、宫颈息肉等。 P: I don't know because I haven't visited the doctor on these matters. 我不知道，我没为这些看过病。 D: Is your menstruation normal? 你的月经正常吗？ P: Yes. 是正常的。

D: Empty your bladder and then I'll give you a pelvic examination. Take off your shoes and panties and lie on the examining table, please. Oh, you have a typical vaginal moniliosis. Let me take some discharge for examination under the microscope. Oh, typical monilia are found. It can be cured with proper suppositories. Every evening you should put one suppository into the vagina after washing and continue to do so for two weeks. Then come back for a check-up 3 days after you have finished

the medicine.

请您排空膀胱，我要给你作内诊。请把鞋和内裤脱下来躺在检查床上。噢，你有典型的阴道念珠菌病。让我取些分泌物作显微镜检查。哦，镜下可见典型的念珠菌。用特制的坐药是可以治好的。每天晚上洗外阴后放一颗栓剂在阴道里，持续用两周的药。停药3 天后回来复查。

Vaginal Bleeding 阴道出血

Patient: I have had vaginal bleeding for 8 days beginning 5 days after my last period ended.

从上次月经后五天我又开始出血，到现在已有8 天了。 Doctor: How old are you? 你多大年纪了？

P: I'm 35 years old. My periods have always been irregular. I have received many treatments, both Chinese traditional and Western medicine. The problem was improved, but the trouble recurred frequently. My last period was December 20th, 2002.

35 岁。我的月经经常不规则。中西药都用了很多。见好。但经常犯。我最后一次月经是2002 年 11 月20 日。 D:How many pregnancies have you had? 你怀过几次孕？

P: I had only one abortion 4 years ago, but no child. 四年前流产过一次，但没有孩子。

D: What is the amount of bleeding? Do you have pain in your lower abdomen?

出血量怎样？下腹疼么？

P: The bleeding is quite heavy. I change my pads almost every hour, but there isn't any pain.

出血很多，几乎每小时要换一次纸，但是一点也不疼。

D: All right. I'll give you an injection once a day for 3 days. Come again in 3 days and I'll give you a thorough examination. We will make a pelvic examination, vaginal smear for estrogen, cervical mucus and BBT at the same time. Then we will find out for sure what the problem is. It's probably what is called functional uterine bleeding. Hormone imbalance is the cause of the bleeding, so with hormone treatment, it can be cured. There is no need to worry much about it. Will you take the injection here?

好吧！给你打针，每日一次共3 天。三天后再做彻底检查。查盆腔，阴道涂片查雌激素，查宫颈粘液并测基础体温。然后找出原因，很可能是所谓的功能性子宫出血。出血的原因是内分泌失调，用激素可以治愈。不必太忧虑。你愿意在医院里打针吗？ P: I want to have it at home. Then I’ll come again in 3 days. 我要在家里打针。三天以后我再来。

Lower Abdominal Pain 下腹疼痛

Patient: I have had lower abdominal pains off and on in the recent 6

24

he became worse.

我这孩子发烧咳嗽已经三天了。昨天起情况加重。

Doctor: Has he any difficulty in breathing? Does he complain of chest pains? Does he play as usual?

他呼吸困难吗？胸疼吗？他和平常一样地玩吗？ P: He's weak, and can't breathe easily. He's very pale. 他软弱无力，呼吸困难，脸色苍白。

D: I'll examine his lungs. Most likely it's pneumonia. Let him have a months ever since the abortion.

从流产后，我的下腹疼痛6 个月了，时好时坏。 Doctor: Were you operated on during the abortion? 流产时做过手术吗？

P: Yes, it was an abortion after a pregnancy of 2 months. The fetus did not come out completely, so the doctor had to operate. I had a low grade fever after the operation, about 37.4 ℃ o 37.8℃for 10 days. They gave me some injections and the temperature returned to normal.

做过，是个两个月的流产。胚胎没有完全出来，所以医生给作了手术。手术后发低烧 10 天。大约在37.4 ～37.8℃之间，打了些针就好了。

D: Was there any pain at that time? 当时肚子疼吗？ P: I didn't notice any. 没感到肚子疼。

D: How about the discharge from the vagina? 阴道分泌物怎样？

P: It's somewhat more profuse than before, with an unpleasant odor. 比以前多些，有难闻的味。 D: What is the character of the pain? 是什么性质的疼呢？

P: It's a burning sensation, sometimes with a bearing down sensation. It's more to the left side of the lower abdomen. The pain becomes more marked when I have caught a cold, before menstruation or during it. 烧灼感，有时有下坠感。疼在左下腹部。在着凉或月经前、月经期加重。

D: Take your temperature, please. It's 36.9℃ No fever．Let's do a white blood cell count. It's normal. Then I will give you some tetracycline. I think physiotherapy is good for you.

请试一下体温。体温是 36.9℃，不发烧。查一下白细胞。白细胞正常。我给你些四环素。我想理疗对你也很好。 P: I'll try. 那试试看吧！ Pediatric 儿科疾病

Pneumonia 肺炎

Parent: My child has a temperature and cough for three days. Yesterday

fluoroscopy check.

让我检查一下他的肺部。很像是肺炎。给他做个X 线检查吧。 Yes, he has pneumonia. 不错，他得了肺炎。

P: Is it serious? Is there any danger? 病情重吗？有危险吗？

D: I think he should be admitted to hospital for treatment. 我建议他住院治疗。

P: I have other children at home. I have to take care of them too. Is it possible to have him treated in the out-patient clinic?

我家里还有别的孩子需要我照顾。这孩子就在门诊治疗行吗？ D: Yes, I would like to give him penicillin injections twice a day for two days. Is he allergic to penicillin?

行。我要给他注射青霉素一天两次，共两天。他对青霉素过敏吗？ P: No, he isn't. 不，他不过敏。

How should I take care of him at home? 在家我应当怎样照顾他呢？

D: It's important for the air to be a little humid. It makes it easier for him to cough up the sputum. If he has difficulty in breathing, raise his head a little bit with a pillow or half-sit him up in bed. Turn him from side to side once every two to three hours. Give him easily digested food and lots of water to drink. Give him medicine regularly and come back to the clinic for his injections twice a day. If his condition gets worse, bring him back anytime. Otherwise come back to see me the day after tomorrow.

很重要的一点是要让房间的空气潮湿一些，这样他的痰比较容易咳出。假使他呼吸困难，可以用枕头将头部抬高一点或是让他采用半坐的卧位。每两三个小时给他翻一次身。给他易消化的食物并让他多喝水。按时服药，每天到门诊来注射两次药。假若情况不好，随时带他来看。情况还好，那就后天再来。 Scarlet Fever 猩红热

Parent: My child has a temperature, headache, sore throat and rash. 我的孩子发烧、头疼、嗓子疼、还起疹子。 Doctor: How long has he been ill? 他病了多久了？

P: He's had the temperature since yesterday. 从昨天起发的烧。

D:Are there any children around or at school also sick? 在邻居中或学校里还有别的小孩儿害病吗？

P: His classmate had a fever and complained of a sore throat five days ago.

他有个同学在五天前就发烧，还说嗓子疼。

D: Let's have a look at him. Open your mouth, please show me your tongue. Now, take off your clothes.

25

让我检查一下。张开口，伸出舌头。请脱下衣服。

His tonsils are swollen and red. His tongue is as red as a strawberry. There is a rash all over his body.

他的扁桃体又红又肿，他的舌头红得象草莓一样。全身都起了疹子。 I would like to take a drop of blood from his ear for a blood test. 我要从他耳朵上取滴血做个试验。 P: Here is the result. Is it normal? 这是化验结果。正常吗？

D: His white blood cell count is high. He is suffering from scarlet fever. 白细胞偏高。他得了猩红热。

It's an infectious disease. You should keep him away from other children as much as possible.

这是一种传染病，你应该尽可能把他跟其他小孩隔离开。 P: What can I do for him? 我应该为他做些什么？

D: He should stay in bed until his fever goes down. Let him eat easily digested food and drink plenty of fluids.

他应该卧床直到体温下降至正常。他应吃易消化的食物。多喝饮料。 I'll prescribe penicillin injections for a few days. 我要给他注射几天青霉素。 P: What should I do about his sister? 他妹妹我应该怎么办呢？

D: I'll prescribe something to prevent her catching it. 我给她开一点预防这病的药。 P: Thank you, Doctor. 谢谢您，医生。

German Measles 风疹

Parent: My baby has been running a low temperature for two days. This morning I noticed there was a rash all over her body.

我孩子发低烧有两天了。今天早晨我发现她全身都起了疹子。 Doctor: What color is it? 是什么颜色的？ P: It's pink. 是粉红色的。

D: Does she have a cough? 她咳嗽吗？ P: No. 不。

D: Is she afraid of light？ 她怕光吗？ P: No. 不。

D: Has she been vaccinated against measles? When was she vaccinated? 她接种过麻疹疫苗吗？什么时候接种的？ P: She was vaccinated last year.

她去年接种的。

D: The glands behind her ears and head are swollen. With that and her rash I think she's got German measles.

她的耳后淋巴结和枕部淋巴结都肿了。连这个再加上她身上的疹子，我认为她得了风疹。 P: Is it serious? 有危险吗？

D: Don't worry. In two or three days the symptoms will disappear. She doesn't need any medicine.

不必担心。过两、三天症状就会消失的。不需要服药。 Acupuncture 针灸科*

To Help Stop Smoking

协助病人戒烟

Patient: I have heard that acupuncture may help a person to stop smoking, is that true?

我听说用针刺能戒烟，是真的吗？

Doctor: Yes, acupuncture may help you to stop smoking, but in addition you must have the determination and a strong will, and also cooperate well with your doctor in order to obtain the desired result.

是的，针刺能帮助你戒烟，但本人必须有决心，有毅力，能很好地和医生配合，才能取得预期地效果。

P: I'll try my best. I know that smoking is really harmful to health. Especially it causes coughing. See, I have a cough right now.

我一定要尽力做到。我知道吸烟影响健康，尤其是能引起咳嗽。瞧，我现在就咳嗽着呢。

D: That's right. How long have you been smoking? How many cigarettes do you usually smoke a day? 对，您吸烟有多久了？每天吸多少支？

P: I have been smoking for more than twenty years. Every day I smokearound thirty to forty cigarettes.

我吸烟已有20 多年了，每天约吸30 ～40 支。

D: That is quite a long period, it is rather difficult to cut down on the number of cigarettes all at once. Let's make a plan, for instance smoke 5 cigarettes less each day. Do you think you can do it?

吸烟已有这么长时间，想一下戒掉是不容易的。让我们定一个计划，例如请你每天少吸2 五支。你看这样好吗？ P: All right, but does acupuncture hurt? 好，针刺疼吗？

D: Acupuncture may cause just a little pain, but it also causes a certain feeling of numbness and distension. We will try it every day for seven days. Wi ll that be all right?

针刺只有轻微疼痛，它产生一定的麻和胀感。我们每天针刺一次共 7 天，你看行吗？ P: Yes. Let's start today. 好，就从今天开始吧。

26

我儿子常尿床。

Doctor: When did he start to wet his bed? 他从几岁开始尿床的？ P: Since childhood. 从小就尿床。

D:How often does he wet his bed? 尿多少次呢？

P: Usually once or twice during the night. 一般每夜一、两次。

D: By the way, has he abdominal pain? How is his appetite? 另外，他肚子疼过吗？胃口怎样？

P: He suffers from abdominal pains once in a while. His appetite is not bad.

他有时有腹疼，胃口不坏。

D: I suggest you send in a specimen of his stool for examination to see whether it contains any parasites.

我建议你送个大便标本来化验一下，看有没有寄生虫。 P: I'll send it in tomorrow morning. 我明天早晨就送来。

D: Has he been given any other previous treatment? 以前做过什么治疗吗？

P: He has taken some medicine before but it didn't work. 他吃过一些药，但是不见什么效果。

D: Acupuncture has some effect in enuresis, but we need your cooperation. We advise you to do the following. First, don't let the child take any water, milk or any liquid food after supper. Second, wake him up at a definite time during the night and let him void his bladder; he will thus gradually form a good habit. Third, better let the baby have a nap every day. Fourth, he muct void his bladder before going to bed. Fifth, every morning, noon and evening, press and knead between the thumb and the middle finger the spot in the ear where the small seed has been affixed with adhesive tape. D: How do you feel? 你感觉怎样？ P: I feel all right. 还好。

D: Besides, I would like to affix a few small hard seeds ( Wang Bu Liu Xing) on the skin of your ear which will be kept in place by a piece ofadhesive tape. Please press and knead that particular spot with your thumb and pointing finger until you feel pain, repeat this three times a day.

我还要放几粒硬的种子（王不留行）用粘膏贴在你的耳朵上。请你每天用拇指和食指揉捏它直到有疼感为止，每日三次。

Enuresis 尿床

Parent: My son wetted his bed usually.

针灸治疗小儿遗尿有一定疗效，但需要你们和我们配合好。做到以下几点：第一，晚饭后不要再给他喝水，喝奶或吃其它流质的东西；第二，每晚定时叫醒孩子起床撒尿，排空膀胱；这样他就能渐渐养成良好的习惯。第三，最好每天让孩子睡午觉。第四，睡前一定要先小便。第五，每天早、午、晚用拇指和中指指揉捏在耳朵里用橡皮膏固定贴有籽粒的那一小块地方。

Chronic Rhinitis 慢性鼻炎

Patient: My nose is blocked and I can't smell properly at times. 我鼻子堵住了，有时还不大灵。 Doctor: Have you a running nose? 流鼻涕吗？

P: Yes, it is running badly. 流很多。

D: Is the mucus sticky? 是粘稠的吗？

P: Yes, very sticky, and it is yellowish. 是的。很稠，是黄色的。

D: Do you suffer from headaches? Do they occur regularly? 头疼吗？有规律吗？

P: I have mild headaches. They usually get worse in the morning, but I feel better by evening.

有轻度头疼。上午重，下午感觉好一些。 D: Which part of the head is most painful? 哪个部位最疼？

P: The forehead. Sometimes I also have a toothache. 前额部。有时牙齿也疼。

D: How long have you had those symptoms? 以上症状有多长时间了？ P: For three years already. 已经三年了。

D: While you are getting acupuncture your nose may feel sore and your eyes may fill with tears. That's a good sign showing the treatment is effective. Don't worry about it.

针刺时你会感到鼻子发酸，而且会流眼泪，那就是说针刺治疗见效了，用不着害怕。 P: All right, I shall not worry. 我不害怕。

(after a course of treatment) （一个疗程以后）

D: Is the blocking of your nose getting better? 你鼻子堵的情况好一些吗？

P: It seems to be improving. I can smell properly now, but sometimes I still have a running nose.

好像有点进步。我现在能闻着味了，但有时还流鼻涕。

D: You must avoid catching cold and do some physical exercises every

27

医生，我的孩子听不清。

Doctor: One ear or both ears? How long has he been suffering from poor hearing?

一只耳朵还是两只耳朵都听不清？有多久了？

P: From childhood. When he was one and a half years old, he had a high fever, since then we noticed he can't hear properly.

从小就聋，一岁半时他发一次高烧后，我们就发现他耳朵不太好使了。

D: Has he ever received streptomycin or kanamycin injections? 他注射过链霉素或卡那霉素吗？

P: He received seven injections of streptomycin when he got pneumoniatwo years ago. His hearing seems to have gotten worse since then.

两年前他因患肺炎注射过七针链霉素，从此后耳聋就更加重了。 D: Is he suffering from ringing ears or from dizziness? 他有耳鸣或眩晕吗？ P: From neither. 都没有。

D: By the way, how old is he? 那么，他几岁了？ P: He is six years old. 六岁。

D: This kind of deafness is difficult to cure, acupuncture may have some effect but a prolonged treatment is needed.

这病不容易治好，针灸可能有些效果，但是需要长期治疗。 P: All right, we are staying here for more than two months, please try to help him. Our whole family will be pleased if he shows even a little improvement.

可以，我们要住在此地两个多月呢。请给他治治吧！假如他有一点进步，我们全家都会高兴的。

Short Sightedness

近视眼

Patient: My eyesight is not good. I can't see clearly at a distance. 我的视力不好，远的就看不清。

Doctor: How long have you had this trouble? Have you been to the eye clinic for a check-up?

有多久了？去眼科检查过吗？

day. I would like to give you another series of treatments, it will do you good.

你要注意防止感冒，每天做些体育锻炼。我想再给你治疗几次，效果会更好。 P: All right. 好吧！

Deafness due to Nervous Factors

神经性耳聋

Parent: Doctor, my boy can't hear properly.

P: It is more than one year since I have been examined in the eye clinic. The ophthalmologist said my vision was v0.6 . 那是一年多以前了。眼科医生说我的视力是0.6。

D: Acupuncture may be helpful for short=sightedness, but a rather prolonged treatment is needed. In some cases acupuncture may be useless. If you want to try it, please go to the eye clinic to have a new check-up first.

针刺对近视眼可能有好处，但是需要较长的时间。在某种情况下也可能无效。假如你愿意试试，请先去眼科重新检验一次吧！ P: All right. 好吧！

(after a course of treatment) （一个疗程以后）

D: Please go to the eye clinic to have your eyesight checked again, then we'll consider whether to continue the treatment or not. 请再去眼科查一下视力，然后我们再决定是否继续治疗。

Cervical Spondylosis 颈椎关节僵硬

Doctor: Does your neck feel stiff? 你觉着脖子发硬吗？ Patient: No, not that I noticed. 我可没觉着。

D: Do your arms feel numb? 你胳臂发麻吗？ P: Yes, sometimes. 有时候发麻。

D: One side or both sides? 是一边麻还是两边都麻？ P: Only the right side. 光右边吗。

D: How long have you had this trouble? 有多长时间了？

P: It started six months ago. 半年前开始的。

D: Have you had an x-ray film taken of your cervical spine? 你的颈椎拍过X 线片吗？ P: No, never. 没拍过。

Pain of the Joints (knee, ankle, shoulder, elbow, wrist) 关节疼痛（膝、踝、肩、肘、腕） Doctor: When did your pain start? 你的疼痛从什么时候开始的？ Patient: Three days ago. 三天以前。

D: Can you move as usual? Is there any swelling?

28

能照常活动吗？肿吗？

P: My notions are limited, but there is no swelling. 活动受限制，但是不肿。 D: Have you been wounded? 你受过伤吗？

P: I was wounded in a car accident and an operation was performed right away.

我因车祸受过外伤，并马上就做了手术。

I fell down about a week ago, but I only got a slight bruise. 约一个星期前我跌倒了，当时只擦破点皮。 D: Please try to move your elbow. 请活动一下你的肘关节。

I suggest that you go to see the surgeon first. 我建议你去看看外科医生。

Let's try acupuncture to see if it produces any effect. Do you feel numb now?

咱们可以试试针刺，看看有效没有？你感到麻了吗？ P: Yes, but I also feel dizzy. 麻了，但我也有点晕。

D: In that case let's do some moxibustion instead of using needles. Please let me know if it's too hot.

要是那样，咱们就别做针刺了。试试艾灸吧！感觉烫时请告诉我。 P: I think moxibustion is more suitable for me, I feel relaxed after the treatment.

我想艾灸对我更合适。做完这治疗后，我感到松快了。 D: I would like to give you some massage which may be helpful. 我给你增加一些按摩，可能对你有点帮助。 P: That's lovely, please try. 那太好了，请试试吧！

D: I am going to stop the acupuncture for a few days. Please come back in a week.。

我想给你停几天针刺。请一周后再来。

According to you case, better have a few more treatments to consolidate the results.

根据你的情况，我想你再做几次治疗巩固一下效果为好。 Lumbar Pain and Sciatica 腰疼和坐骨神经疼

Doctor: In which part of your back do you feel pain? Only in the middle, or on the sides also?

你觉得你背部那块儿疼？只是在中间还是两边也都疼？ Patient: Only in the middle part. 只是中间疼。

D: Does the pain radiate to the leg? 疼往腿上窜吗？

P: Yes, sometime it radiates straight down to my heel. 是的，有时一直往下窜到脚跟。

D: Can you move as usual? 你能象往常一样活动吗？

P: I can move a little, but my motions are quite limited. I feel pain when bending down. It hurts when I stand up after sitting for a long period of time.

可以活动一点，可是非常受限制。弯腰时疼。坐久了，一站起来也疼。

D: Have you ever twisted your lumbar region? 你的腰扭伤过吗？

P: I carried a heavy piece of luggage a week ago, I Think maybe I twisted my back at that time.

一个星期前，我提了件重行李，我想可能那时扭的腰。

D: Have you ever had any other illness, for instance nephritis, gall-stones or any gynecological diseases?

你有过其它病吗？比如说，肾炎、胆结石或妇科病？ P: I have had nephritis, but that was five years ago. 我有过肾炎，但那是五年前的事了。 D: When I press here do you feel any pain? 我用手压的这个地方疼吗？ P: No, I don't. 不疼。

D: I suggest you have an x-ray film taken of your lumbar region to get a definite diagnosis before we start the treatment.

开始治疗前，为了明确诊断，我建议你先拍张腰部的X 线照片。 I am going to give you a shot of vitamin B12 and \solution into certain acupuncture points to relieve the pain. It's just like an injection and it only causes a slight pain.

我准备将维生素B12 和当归注射液注入针刺的穴位内，可以解除疼痛。象打针一样只有轻微的疼。

I am going to add electric acupuncture to the treatment. Don't be afraid, you will only feel a vibrating sensation.

我要给你加上电针治疗。不要害怕，电针只给你一种震颤感觉。 I would like to give you a cupping treatment, you will fell a tightening sensation in the local area only.

我要给你拔罐子，只是局部有点发紧的感觉。 Neural Psychiatric 神经精神科疾病*

Psychoneurosis 神经官能症

Patient: Doctor, I've come to you because I think I have a strange disease.

医生，我得了一种奇怪的病，所以我来找您。 Doctor: What is it? 怎么回事？

P: I have been suffering from nervousness for two years. 近两年来我很神经质。

29

D: Can you tell me more specifically the symptoms that trouble you? 你能明确告诉我你有哪些症状吗？

P: For a little over two years, I have been afraid of noise and strong light. When I am exposed to these, I feel tense and restless.

两年多来，我又怕噪音又怕强光。一听到噪音或见到强光，就紧张不安。

D: Do you have any other symptoms? 还有什么其他症状吗？

P: Yes. Sometimes I suffer from palpitations and shortness for breath. I sleep poorly and am troubled almost nightly by frightening dreams. I feel dizzy and weak in the day time.

有，有时我感到心慌气短。睡不好。几乎整夜都在做恶梦。到白天就头晕无力。

D: What sort of dreams do you have? 你都做哪些梦呢？

P: They are different. For instance, once I dreamed that I fell down from a precipice. On another occasion, I was chased by a wolf, and in other dreams I have lost my way in a desert.

不同的梦。举例说吧，有一次梦见自己从悬崖上掉下来了。另一次梦见一只狼在追我。还有一次梦见自己在荒野中迷了路。 D: Anything else? 还有其他症状吗？

P: Yes, when I wake up, my heart beats very fast and I am perspiring. 当我醒来的时候，心跳得非常快，而且在出汗。 D: What do you think all these symptoms mean? 你认为这些症状都说明什么呢？ P: I thought I was having a heart attack. 我想我是得了心脏病。

D: Oh, no. The physician has clearly told you that you didn't have a heart attack. Your EKG doesn't indicate a heart attack.

不，内科医生已经明确告诉您没有心脏病。心电图已证明这一点。 P: Is that true? 真的吗？

D: The thorough examination didn't reveal anything abnormal in your organs.

根据全面的检查说明你没有任何器质性的异常。 P: Why do I have so many symptoms and feel sick? 那为什么我有那么多症状和不舒服呢？ D: Your nervousness makes you sick. 您的病是神经质引起的。 P: What do you mean? 那是什么意思呢？

D: Generally speaking, the symptoms you mentioned are reflections of your state of mind. You may have an internal conflict that constantly upsets you.

一般说来，您所提的症状都是您思想的反映。您也许有什么伤脑筋

的心事。

P: Yes. Doctor, you are right. I came to China over 2 years ago. Before I left my country, my mother was in poor shape. She was suffering from heart disease and she would feel faint at the slightest physical exertion. Now my younger sister and brother go to school and my mother has to manage the household. I feel guilty that I cannot share the responsibility with my sick mother who has brought us up so well.

医生，您说对了。我来中国两年多了。我离开祖国的时候我母亲的身体状况不好。她有心脏病，稍一做体力活就晕倒。现在我的弟弟妹妹都在上学，母亲必须自己操持家务。她把我们从小带大，我为不能分担母亲的工作而问心有愧。

D: You must have been a good daughter. By the way, how is your mother? Have you received any letters from her?

你确实是个好女儿。哦，那么，您母亲怎样了，您接到她的信没有？ P: Yes. I receive a letter from her every two weeks. She says she is doing fine, and is managing the household duties without discomfort. However, I feel that she may not be telling me the truth.

有。我每两星期接到一封她的信。她说她挺好的，安排家务没有任何困难。但是，我想她可能没说真话。

D: Have you received any letters from your brothers and sisters? What do you think of your mother's health?

曾接到您弟弟妹妹的信吗？您想您母亲的健康情况会怎么样呢？ P: They always tell me that mother is doing well, but I thank since she suffers from heart disease, she will die sooner or later.

他们总对我说我母亲的情况很好，但是我想她既然有心脏病，她早晚会死的。

D: No, I don't quite agree with you. Under proper treatment and care a patient with heart disease can live for many years. Is there any reason why your mother, brother and sister might not tell you the truth? 不，我不大同意你的看法。在适当的医疗护理下，心脏病病人可以活很多年。你有什么理由认为母亲弟弟妹妹都瞒着你呢？ P: Oh, no. 其实没什么理由。

D: I think that you will feel reassured when you return home, see, your unneccessary worry makes you feel tense all the time. Your nervousness has caused you to waste a lot of energy. This has produced a series of symptoms, such as a rapid heart beat, shortness of breath, frightening dreams and so forth, that you do not control well. In short, you worry too much and that makes you weary.

我想你回到家就会见到一切都会是很好得。瞧，你的不必要的忧虑使你总是精神紧张。你的神经质消耗了你的精力。这就产生了一系列的症状，象心跳快、呼吸困难、做恶梦等等，而不善于控制。总之由于你忧虑过度而使你终日倦乏。

P: Yes. you are right. I really worry too much and I am also homesick. What should I do?

您说得对。我确实是忧虑过分了，而且也是由于想家了。我怎样做

30

才好呢？

D: That is easy. First, you shouldn't fatigue yourself unneccessarily. Second, you should always look at the good side of things. Third, you can look forward to your going home, which will take place as a matter of course. Fourth, I shall prescribe some medicine for you to quiet your nerves.

很容易，第一，不要使自己无益疲劳。第二，看问题总要看事物好的一面。第三，你盼着回家这事理所当然地也会实现。第四，我给你开些镇静你的神经的药。 P: That's very good of you, Doctor. 太感谢了，医生。

Syncope 晕厥

Patient: Doctor, I have been suffering from \you will help me to calm them down.

医生，很多年来我常会“突然发作”。我希望您帮我把它治好。 Doctor: What do you mean by a \ 你听说的“突然发作”是什么意思？

P: I mean I suddenly lose consciousness and fall on the floor. 我的意思是我会一下子倒在地上就什么都不知道了。 D: Since when? 从什么时候开始的？ P: Since I was a girl.

从我是个女孩子的时候就开始了。 D: For how many years? 有多少年了？ P: About ten years. 大概十年了。

D: How long does each attack last? 每次持续多久？ P: Less than a minute. 不到一分钟。

D: How long is the interval between two successive attacks? 每次发作相隔多久？

P: It varies from half a month to a year. Could it be related to circumstances?

从半个月到一年不等。这能与周围环境有关系吗？ D: What kind of circumstances usually provokes your attacks? 通常什么样的环境容易引起你发病呢？

P: It is difficult to say exactly. Once when I was crossing the street, a swiftly moving car suddenly drove by and I became very nervous, I couldn't control myself. I screamed and blacked out.

我很难说。有一次我穿过马路的时候，忽然一辆轿车飞快地开过来了。我马上紧张起来，控制不住自己了。我尖叫了一声就什么也不知道了。

D: Were you hurt by the car?

车撞伤你了吗？

P: No, the car stopped with a swueal. I came to quickly, then walked home.

没有，车“兹溜”一下停下来了。我很快醒过来就走回家了。 D: Any other attacks? 还怎么发作过？

P: On another occasion, no sooner had a nurse drawn blood from a patient than I felt perspiration and weakness followed by loss of conscionsness.

另一次，我一看到一位护士给别的病人抽血，我就冒汗，发软，然后就失去知觉晕过去了。

D: Did you have other manifestations during the attack? 在发病的时候还要什么其他的表现呢？

P: I was told by eyewitnesses that I became pale and sweated excessively during the attack, but I had no convulsions, incontinence or anything else.

据目睹者说我发病的时候面色苍白，大量出汗，但是没有抽搐、大小便失禁或其他情况。

D: Have you had any special examinations, such as an electrocardiogram, an electroencephalogram, or a skull x-ray? 您做过什么特殊检查没有？象心电图、脑电图、头颅X 线片等。 P: A doctor working in a local hospital told me that my physical examination, electrocardiogram, and chest and skull x-ray examination results were normal. I've had no other special examinations.

当地医院的医生告诉我，我的体格检查，心电图、胸部和头颅的X 线的检查都正常。其他的特殊检查就没做过了。

D: Let me give you a thorough physical and neurological examination. (after exams) Some further examinations should be done, including anelectroencephalogram and a brain scan. Also the electrocardiogram should be repeated. Here are your referral sheets. After you have had all these examinations. please come back for another check-up.

我给您做一个内科和神经科的全面检查吧。（检查毕）您还需要做些进一步的检查，包括脑电图和脑扫描检查。还需要重做一次心电图。这是各项检查单，把所有的检查做完以后您再来门诊看病。 (several days later) （几天之后）

P: I have had all the examinations you ordered. Are all the results back yet?

您让我做的检查都做完了。结果都出来了吗？ D: Yes, and all the results are normal. 出来了，结果都是正常的。 P: Then what is the cause of my \ 那我的“突然发作”是怎么回事？

D: The normal results of physical and neurological examinations and other special examinations suggest neither organic heart or brain diseases nor epilepsy. The symptoms and signs which occur during an

31

get worse as I get older.

我听力不好已经有些时候了，而且似乎年岁愈大，听力愈差。 Since last night, I've been suffering from a sudden decrease of hearing accompanied by vertigo.

从昨晚开始，我的听力突然下降，还伴有头晕。

Doctor: What's the pitch of your ear ringing? Is it in high or in low tones?

您耳鸣的音调是怎样的，是高调还是低调？

Does the impairment of your hearing occur constantly or intermittently? 您的听力减退是持续性的还是间歇性的？

attack, such as palpitations, paleness and excessive sweating coincide with an imbalance of the autonomic nervous system function. Dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system can lead to a decrease in the cardiac output, cerebral anemia, suppression of brain function, andfinally to a loss of consciousness. Such an attack is termed syncope. 根据内科、神经科以及一些其他特殊检查看来，您既不是器质性的心脏病或颅脑病，也不是癫痫。您突然晕倒时的症状和体征，如心跳、苍白和过多的出汗等等，跟您自主神经系统功能失调是相符的。自主神经系统的功能失调能引起心搏出量的减少、脑贫血、大脑功能抑制，最后失去知觉。象这样的病的名称叫晕厥。 P: Can you give me some medicine to calm the syncope down? 你有什么药能治我这晕厥病吗？

D: You should pay attention to regulating your life such as getting up and going t o bed regularly and not drinking or smoking too much. I'll give you some medicine to regulate the functioning of your autonomic nervous system. If you follow my advice, I am sure your condition will get better soon. Sometimes your symptoms may recur, this is a natural phenomenon. Don't worry, such recurrences don't mean regression. During the struggle against disease, you must feel confident that you can overcome it, then the medicine, which I'll give you, will help you to defeat the enemy-syncope. Medicine is one way, confidence is another. The latter is more important than the former.

您要注意的是要过着有规律的生活，定时起床，定时睡觉，不要过多地饮酒和吸烟。我给您开点调节您自主神经功能的药物。假如您能听从我的劝告，我相信您一定会很快好起来的。一些症状有时可能有反复，这是自然现象，不必着急。症状有反复并不说明病情恶化。当和疾病做斗争的时候，必须树立能克服它的信心，加上我对您开的药，会帮助您战胜疾病——晕厥。药是一方面，信心是另一方面，后者比前者更为重要。

P: Thanks a lot, Doctor. I'll follow your advice. 谢谢您，医生。我一定听从您的劝告。 Ear-Nose-Throat 耳鼻喉科疾病*

Hard of Hearing

重听

Patient: I haven't been able to hear well for some time and it seems to

Can you tell me which kind of sounds you find more difficult to hear? Spoken or musical sounds?

您能不能告诉我什么样的声音您听起来更困难，是说话声呢还是音乐声？

P: My ears are buzzing constantly. I cannot sleep properly at night. 我的耳朵不断地嗡嗡作响。晚上我睡眠不好。

D: I would like to test your hearing ability with a turning fork ( an electro-audiometer). The electro-audiogram shows that yours is a type of nerve deafness ( conduction deafness, mixed type deafness). 我想用音仪（电测听仪）测试一下您的听力。您的电测听图表明是神经性耳聋（传导性耳聋，混合性耳聋）。

A tympanoplastic operation may elevate your hearing level to a certain extent. The hearing gain after surgery depends upon the degree of destruction of the conduction apparatus of your middle ear.

鼓室成形手术可能把听力提高到一定程度。手术后听力恢复多少。要取决于您中耳传导器官破坏程度。

Patient's father: I come here to seek help for my son. He has been stone deaf since birth. Can you cure him with acupuncture?

请给我儿子看看病，他生下来就一点也听不见。针刺能治好他的病吗？

D: I am sorry, acupuncture is not always helpful for deafmutism, It is only effective in cases of early and mild deafness.

很抱歉，针刺只对早期轻微耳聋有效。对聋哑症就不总是有帮助的。

Pharyngitis 咽炎

Patient: My throat has been dry and irritated all winter. I have a dry cough and a slight pain in my throat. It gets worse after smoking or prolongedtalking.

整个冬季里我的嗓子发干而不舒服，我有干咳嗽，嗓子里还有点疼，抽烟和说话时间长了就加重。

Doctor: There is nothing seriously wrong with your throat except chronic pharyngitis.

您的嗓子没什么大病，只是有点慢性咽炎。

P: I noticed a number of enlarged nodules ever my neck region. Sometimes I run a low grade fever.

我发现在颈部有不少增大的结节，有时发低烧。

D: Your throat is bright red and is markedly swollen. The lymphogranules of your posterior pharyngeal wall show a slight increase in number and size.

您的嗓子红肿明显。在咽后壁上的淋巴颗粒稍有增大和增多。 Give up smoking and avoid excessive use of your voice. This will improve the condition of your throat. I'm going to prescribe a bottle of gargle solution and a packet of sucking lozenges.

望您戒烟和避免过度使用嗓子。这对您嗓子的病情会有好处。今天我要给您开一瓶漱口药和一包含化糖锭。

P: I have felt a foreign body in my throat the past three months. I am

32

watery discharge.

每天早晨我总要流大量清鼻涕。

My nose itches badly inside, sometimes this is accompanied by itching in my eyes, ears and throat.

我的鼻子里痒得厉害，有时连眼睛、耳朵和嗓子一齐痒。 I always notice a constriction in the chest and shortness of breath following a fit of sneezing.

在打过一阵喷嚏之后，我总觉着胸部发紧，呼吸短促。 Doctor: When and where does your nose bother you most? 什么时候在什么地方您的鼻子最不舒服？

P: It's strange that all the trouble with my nose disappears after a rain shower, but it gets worse when the wind blown hard.

很奇怪，在下了一场阵雨之后，我的鼻子的不舒服就会消失，但是在大风天的时候它就变得更重。

My nose becomes worse whenever I drive to the countryside or go across a field grown with an abundance of wild plants.

我一乘车下乡或者穿过一片长满野草野花的田野时，我的鼻炎就会严重。

I suffer a lot if I breathe in dust, tobacco smoke, coal fumes, insecticides or something with a particular odor.

我要是吸进了灰尘、纸烟、煤烟、杀虫药或其他带特别气味得东西，我就很难受。

Usually my eyes get teary and I have a badly running nose when I drive outside or go to a picnic in the suburbs.

平时我总泪汪汪的，当我一开车出门或在郊外野餐时，我的鼻涕就流得厉害。

D: Do you get these attacks seasonally or all year round? 您的这种发作是季节性的还是常年如此呢？

P: For the past few years, I have had repeated violent sneezing attacks starting in late July and lasting till the end of October.

这些年来，从七月底开始到十月底为止，我总是反复剧烈地打喷嚏。 D: Do any one of your family members suffer from a similar allergic condition?

在您的家庭成员中还有别人有类似的过敏情况吗？

P: As I remember, my mother and little sister both had severe asthmatic afraid there is a tumor growth inside.

三个月来我嗓子里有异物感，我担心里面长了肿瘤了。

D: All the trouble in your throat may be due to a pharyngeal neurasthenia.It's wise to treat your throat ailment through establishing regular daily habits rather than relying on medicines.

您嗓子的不舒服可能是由于咽喉神经官能症引起的。治疗这种嗓子疼的好办法是养成正规生活的好习惯，这比依赖药品要好得多。

Allergic Rhinitis 过敏性鼻炎

Patient: Every morning I suffer from a running nose with a profuse

attacks in their childhood.

据我所知，我的妈妈和小妹妹童年时都有严重的哮喘病。 D: Were you sensitive to other things previously? For example, drugs and foods.

您以前还对什么别的东西过敏吗？比如象药物、食品之类。 P: Oh, yes, I am sensitive to penicillin and I usually have abdominal pain after eating crabs.

噢，是的，我对青霉素过敏，而且一吃螃蟹就肚子疼。 What is the trouble with my nose, Doctor? 医生，我的鼻子得的是什么病呢？

D: The mucous membrane of your nose appears markedly pale and edematous.

您鼻粘膜显得特别苍白并且还有些水肿。 Your nose is completely stopped with multiple polyps. 您的鼻子被好多个息肉完全堵住了。

Inside of your nose cavity there is a profuse accumulation of mucous secretions.

您的鼻腔里积满了大量的粘鼻涕。

According to your case history, as you have presented it to me, I believe that you are suffering from allergic sinusitis.

根据您所提供的病史，我想您得的是过敏性鼻炎。 P: What treatment do you suggest? 您怎么给我治疗呢？

D: With your approval, I shall give you a series of specific skin tests at first. This will help us to identify the substances to which you are allergic.

如果您同意的话，我想先给您进行一组特异性的皮肤试验。它可以帮助我们证明您对什么东西过敏。

P: It won't hurt you very much, it will feel no worse than a mosquito bite. The result of the skin tests will show up in fifteen minutes. 这种试验对您没有多大的痛苦，最多象蚊子叮一下。十五分钟后就可以看皮肤试验的结果了。

The special tests we have done show a strong positive reaction to house dust, pollens, moulds and house mite.

我们做地特殊试验表明您对室内尘土、花粉、霉菌和家螨都有强阳性反应。

I would like to give you a course of desensitization therapy. It should be regularly injected subcutaneously twice a week.

我给您作一个疗程地脱敏治疗，每周按时皮下注射二次。 The course of desensitization takes a relatively long time. I hope you will be patient and cooperate with us.

脱敏治疗需要比较长的时间，我希望您能耐心地和我们配合。 Diseases of skin 皮肤科疾病

Hair Loss

33

在我右胸背有几个水疱。

Doctor: How long have you had them? 这些水疱有多久了？ P: Three days. 三天。

D: Let me examine you. Do they hurt? 让我检查一下。疼吗？ P: The pain is awful. 疼得厉害。

D: It's caused by virus. It will take 10 to 15 days to subside. Don't wory, everything will be OK.

这种病是病毒引起的。10 到 15 天就会好。别着急。一切都会好起来的。

P: Can you give me something for the pain? 你有办法解除我的疼痛吗？

D: I'll give you a bottle of lotion. Apply it to the blisters twice a day. Then you should have an injection once a day, and take two kinds of tablets. Don't break the blisters or you'll get a secondary infection. If they do break, apply some gentian violet solution.

我给您一瓶要是。擦在水疱上面，一日两次。另外，每日打一次针，我头发掉得很厉害。

Doctor: How long have you had this problem? 您脱发有多久了？ P: About one month. 大概一个月。

D: Were there any small scapes as well? 是不是也有头皮呢？ P: Yes, there were a few. 有一些。

D: There are many causes for hair loss: mental stress, lack of sleep and shampooing too frequently. Don't worry, lead a regular life and shampoo your hair once a week.

脱发的原因很多，例如精神紧张、睡眠不足、洗头太勤，都是重要的因素。不必着急。应该保持有规律的生活，每周洗一次头。 P: All right. 好的。

D: Here are two hinds of tablets. I'm also giving you some hair tonic anda bottle of lotion. Please apply the lotion to the scalp with a dropper twice a day

这里有两种药片。我就会还给您生发剂和一瓶外用药水，请用滴管把药水滴在头皮上，每日两次。.

Herpes Zoster 带状疱疹

Patient: There are several blisters on the right side of my chest and back.

脱发

Patient: I'm losing my hair rapidly.

服用两种药品。请不要弄破水疱，以免继发感染。如果水疱破了，上点龙胆紫药水。

Neurodermatitis 神经性皮炎

Patient: My neck is itching terribly. 我脖子很痒。

Doctor: Let me examine it. Oh, there are two thick patches on it. You have neurodermatitis.

让我检查一下。噢，你颈部有两片厚的皮损。你得了神经性皮炎。 P: What is it? 这是怎么一回事？

D: It can be induced by psychosomatic factors. You should avoid getting nervous and anxious and try to live regular life.

这是由精神因素诱发的。你应该避免紧张、忧虑，并尽力过有规律的生活。 P: I see. 我懂了。

D: It's a kind of chronic skin disease. It takes quite a long time and constant treatment to cure it.

这是一种慢性皮肤病，需要较长时间坚持治疗才能治愈。 I'll prescribe a bottle of lotion for you for external use only, apply it on the lesions, twice a day. Here are some tablets too. Take one tablet three times a day.

我给您开一瓶药水，只能外用，擦在患处，一日两次。另外还有些药片，每日三次，每次一片。 Emergency 急诊

Acute Appendicitis 急性阑尾炎

P：Doctor， I'm not feeling well today. 医生，我今天感觉不舒服。 D：Where don't you feel well？ 您哪儿不好？

P：I have a pain in my abdomen. 我肚子疼。

D：How long have you had it？ 疼多长时间了？

P：It started in the morning. At the beginning I have a stomachache. 早晨开始的，起初我觉得胃疼。 D：How long did it last？ 持续了多长时间？

P：About 3 hours， but this afternoon it moved to the right lower part of the abdomen for 5 hours.

大约3小时，但今天下午移至右下腹，有5个小时了。 D：Have you had any vomiting？ 您呕吐吗？

34

P：I have only nausea. 我只是恶心。

D：Have you any diarrhea？ 您有过腹泻吗？ P：No. 没有。 D：Any fever？ 发烧吗？ P：I don't know. 我不知道。

D：Let me take your temperature. All right， you have a slight fever. 我给您试试体温。好了，有点发烧。

D：Please lie down on the bed， loosen your belt， please. Let me examine you abdomen. Don't be nervous and try to relax.

请躺在床上，松开腰带，让我检查您的腹部。不要紧张，尽量放松。 P：All right. 好的。

D：Do you feel any pain when I press here？Dose it hurt you when I withdraw my hand suddenly?You need to collect a specimen of blood for examination.

我按这儿时你感到疼吗？我突然松手是疼吗？你需要取血标本做化验。 P：Yes. 好的。

D：The result of your blood test tells us that your white blood cell count is 18000. I think that you have acute appendicitis.

您的验血结果，白血球18000.我想你得了急性阑尾炎。 P：Oh， I am scared. 噢，我害怕。

D：Don't be afraid， you will recover. you need an emergent operation. So， please sign your name on the consent form to say that you agree to the doctor operation on you.

不用怕，您一定会好的。您必须接受手术治疗。现请您签手术同意书，表示您同意医生为您做手术。 P：I'll co-operate. 我一定合作。

D：Thanks for your co-operation. 谢谢您的合作。 Acute pancreatitis 急性胰腺炎

D：What brings you to the emergency room？ Where don't you feel well？

怎么来急症室了？您哪儿不舒服？

P： I suddenly developed a sharp pain in my upper abdomen. 我上腹部突然剧痛。 D：When did it begin？

什么时候开始的？ P：About three hours ago. 约3小时前。

D：Have you ever had any pains like this before？ 您以前这样疼过吗？ P：No， never. 不，从来没有过。

D：What kind of pain is it？ Intermittent or persistent？ 是怎样的疼？是间歇的还是持续的？

P：It's a kind of sharp. It was off and on， but now it's all the time. 是剧痛。本来是一阵一阵的，可是现在一直痛。 D：Do you feel nausea？ 您觉着恶心吗？ P：I feel like vomiting. 我想吐。

D：Let's take a white blood count and a blood amylase test， a kind of test for acute pancreatitis.

让我们做个白细胞计数和淀粉酶试验，这是一种专为查急性胰腺炎的试验。

P：Well， thank you. 好吧，谢谢。

Orthopedics department 骨科

Orthopedic diseases include wounds，lumbar intervertebral disc herniation，spinal fusion, scoliosis, degenerative disease of the hip joint，knee repair or reconstruction，fracture，amputation ，dislocation of shoulder，lumbago，periarthritis of the shoulder an so on

We will talk about four common orthopedic diseases---- fracture，dislocation of shoulder，lumbago，periarthritis of the shoulder 骨科疾病大致包括外伤，腰椎间盘突出症、脊柱融合、脊柱侧凹、髋关节退行性疾病、膝关节修复重建、骨折、截肢、肩关节脱位、腰痛、肩周炎等。我们将深入探讨四种常见的骨科疾病，他们是骨折、肩关节脱位、腰痛、肩周炎。 骨折 fracture

How long has it been since you fell and injured it? 你摔倒受伤多长时间了？

Did you remain conscious after falling down? 摔倒后你清醒吗？

My shank was broken. It is so painful that I can’t get out of bed. 我的小腿骨断了，痛的很厉害，不能下床。 Let me have a look how your leg is doing today. 让我看看，你的腿今天怎么样了。 Now the anaesthesia has worn off. 现在麻醉已过了。 Where was the splint fixed?

35

在哪儿用夹板固定的？

Which part of your body touched the ground first at that moment? 当时你的身体是哪一部分先着地的？ Can I order the soup here？ 医院有骨头汤供应吗？

Relax and enjoy yourself as much as possible. 尽量放轻松，保持心情愉悦。 Make the most of your time in bed. 绝大多数的时间都不要下床。

D：I can see from your x-ray that your femur is broken in several places, and I’m afraid we’ll have to operate. Lie here, and don’t move your leg. Someone will come for you to take you to the operating theatre. 从x线片上可以看出，你的股骨断成了好几截，恐怕得进行手术了。躺下，腿不要动。有人会把你用车推入手术室的。 P：All right, doctor. 好的，医生。

D：When you wake up, your leg will be in plaster, and you’ll have to stay in hospital for about four weeks.

等你醒来后，你的腿上就已经上好了石膏了，你得在医院待上四个星期。

P：Why do I have to stay in hospital so long？ 为什么要呆那么长时间呢？

D：It’s because your leg will have to be in traction. So we can’t let you go home. But ,every day the nurses will wheel you into Day Room, or if the weather is nice, into the garden, and we’ll make sure that you get the best possible treatment.

因为你的腿需要牵引，我们不能让你回去。护士每天会用轮椅车推你到病人活动室去，要是天气好的话，他们会推你去花园，我们得保证让你得到尽可能好的治疗。

P： Can someone telephone my family to let them know that I’m here? 让人给我家里打个电话，告诉他们我在这里，行吗？ D：Yes, I’ll make sure it’s done right away. 行，我保证立刻让人去打这个电话。

D：Let me have a look how your leg is doing today. 让我看看你的腿今天怎么了？ P：It’s very painful. 痛得要命啊

D：Now the anaesthesia has worn off. We’ll give you some strong painkillers. It’s normal to have a lot of pain at this stage.

麻醉已过，我会给你用一些高效的止痛药。这个阶段有剧痛是正常的。

P： How long will this pain last. 要痛多久啊?

D：I’m afraid it will last 2 weeks, but we’ll give you plenty of painkillers to keep it under control, so don’t worry.

估计要两周吧，但我们会给你足够的止痛药来把疼痛控制住的，你

不用担心。

P：Is it a good idea to eat soup made with marrow bone to help my leg heal quickly?

喝骨头汤能加速治愈，这个主意怎么样？

D：It won’t do you any harm, and it may do you some good. 这个对你没有坏处，而且这个办法可能有效。 P：Can I order the soup here? 医院里有骨头汤供应吗?

D：No. you’ll have to ask you family to bring some in. they can keep it in the ward refrigerator, and you can ask the nurse to heat it up for you. 没有。要喝只能让家属送来。汤可以放在病房里的冰箱，你可以让护士帮你热了吃。

P：Is there anything else I can do to help? 我还需要做什么？

D： Relax and enjoy yourself as much as possible. Ask you family to bring in your favourite food, and you can also ask our cook to make special food that you like. Make the most of your time in bed, while you don’t have to work.

尽量放松，保持心情愉悦，让家人送一些你喜欢吃的东西来，你也可以在医院里点一些喜欢的菜。绝大多数时候都不要下床。不要做什么事。

P：Thank you, doctor. 谢谢你，医生。 扭伤

D：Where’s your injury？ 你伤哪里了？ P：Here，my ankle. 这里，我的脚腕。 D：How were you injured? 怎么伤的？

P：I tripped over on the pavement and wrenched it. It’s swollen and very painful.

我在人行道上绊倒了，扭伤了脚，又肿又痛。 D：When did it happen? 什么时候扭伤的？ P：Half an hour ago. 半小时前。

D：I’d like you to have an x-ray and after you’ve had it, come back to me.

你去拍个x光片吧，取回片子后再到我这儿来。 P：Ok, doctor. 好的，医生。

(after examining the x-ray ) （照完片子后）

D：Well, there’s nothing broken. It’s just a sprain. nurse will put on a supporting bandage. Do exercises and have contrasting baths. Put your

36

foot in hot and cold water alternately three of four times a day. The pain and swelling should go but if it doesn’t settle down, come and see us again.

噢，没有骨折，只是扭伤。护士会为你缠上弹力绷带。要活动，而且用冷热交替法洗浴。每天在热水和冷水中交替泡脚三四次，肿痛就会消失。如果不见好，再来看看。 P：Ok, thank you, doctor. 好的，谢谢你，医生。 肩关节脱位

dislocation of shoulder I have a dislocation joint. 我肩关节错位

Please strip your shirt and bear the elbow and the upper limb 请脱下上衣露出肘部和上臂。

I had a bad fall that put my shoulder out of joint. 我摔得非常厉害，肩关节也错位了

Is there any sensation of numbness in the upper limb？ 上肢有麻木的感觉吗？

Maybe your shoulder joints have been dislocated. 你的肩关节有可能错位了。

Yesterday when I fell down the steps, I seem to have dislocated my shoulder.

昨天，我从台阶上摔倒，肩关节好像错位了。 Relocate it first. 首先复位

Let me relocate it for you by reducation. 让我进行手法复位。

The external form of your right shoulder has been restored normally. 你的右肩已经恢复正常的外形了。 Should I take medicine at the same time. 我还需要服药吗？ Section

P：I’ve had a bad pain in my right shoulder and I have been unable t move it since I fell down while playing basketball. 我打篮球摔倒后右肩很痛，不敢活动。 D：When did it happen? 什么时候摔伤的？ P：An hour ago. 一个小时以前。

D： Has this ever happened to you before? 你以前曾经这样摔伤过吗？ P：No, it hasn’t. 没有。

D：Please strip your shirt and bear the elbow and the upper limb. Let me examine you. The injured part of the right shoulder assumes square deformity. The acetabulum under the shoulder balde is vacant. Can you

put your hand onto the opposite shoulder?

请脱下你的上衣露出肘和上臂。让我检查一下。右肩成方肩畸形，肩胛骨的关节盂空虚。你能把手放到对侧肩部吗？ P：No, I can’t. 不能。

D：Is there any sensation of numbness in the upper limb？ 上肢有麻木的感觉吗？ P： No. 没有。

D： What about the movement of you hand and wrist? 手和腕部活动如何？ P：The movements are normal. 活动正常。

D： Maybe your shoulder joints have been dislocated. The nerves are not injured. I’ll take you to the x-ray department to have a test and see if there is a complication of fracture.

你的肩关节有可能脱位了，神经没有受伤。我带你去放射科检查一下是否合并骨折。

D：The x-ray picture shows the joints of your right shoulder have been dislocated but no fracture.

X光片显示你的关节脱位了，但没有骨折。 P：How will you treat it , doctor? 你怎么治疗呢，医生？

D： Relocate it first. Lie down on the treatment table, please. Let me relocate it for you by reducation. Fine, you can get down now. 首先复位。请躺在治疗床上，让我进行手法复位。好了，你可以起来了。

P：Has it been relocated? 已经复位了吗？

D：Yes, it has. The external form of your right shoulder has been restored normally.

是的，你的右肩的形状已经恢复正常了。 P：Now, I can move my shoulder joints. 我现在可以活动肩关节了

D：Can you put your hand on the opposite shoulder now? 你现在能够过把手放在对侧肩部吗？ P：Yes, I can. 是的，我能。

D：This shows it has been relocated. 是的，这说明已经复位了。 腰痛

lumbago

The lower part of my back hurts so much. 我腰痛得很厉害。

I suddenly felt a pain in my back. 突然觉得背痛。

37

Is the pain local to just that point? 疼痛固定在那一个部位吗？ Let me examine you back. 让我检查一下你的背部。 Please bend forward and backward. 向前弯、向后仰。 Please turn to right and left 向左、右侧弯。 If I hurt you let me know. 如果你感到痛就告诉我。

Do you feel the pain when I press here? 我按的部位你觉得疼吗？ Anything serious, doctor? 医生，我的病严重吗？ It’s just a strained back. 只是扭伤了腰。

P：The lower part of my back hurts so much that I’m not able to move. 我腰疼的厉害，以至于不能活动了。 D：How did it happen? 怎样引起的？

P：When I was trying to get something off a high shelf, I suddenly felt a pain in my back.

我自高处拿东西时，突然觉得腰痛。 D：Is pain local to just that spot? 疼就固定在那一个部位吗？

P：Yes, only there.(No, I feel it gose my leg when I cough.) 是的，就在那一个部位。（不，我咳嗽时，疼痛就往腿上窜。） D：Is your pain worse when you stoop down? 当你弯腰时疼痛加重吗？ P：Yes. 是的。

D：Dose anything help it? 怎样就好些呢？

P：It’s better after rest, but when I try to walk again it hurts so much that I have to stop.

休息后就好些，但只要我再走一点，就疼得不得不停下。

D：Please stand up. Let me examine your back. Please bend forward and backward.That’s fine. Please turn to the right and left. All right. Please lie on your back. If I hurt you let me know. Please raise your left leg with the knee stright. Please lie on your abdomen. Do you feel the pain when I press here？

请站起来，让我检查一下你的背部。请向前弯、向后仰。这是好的。向左、向右侧弯。好的。请仰卧。如果你感到疼就告诉我。请抬起你的左腿，伸直。请俯卧，我按的部位您觉得疼吗？ P：Yes, Right here.Anything serious,doctor? 是的，就在这里。医生，我的病重吗？

D：Nothing serious.It’s just a strained back. Acupuncture is the most effective treatment for the kind of backache.(You have a protrusion of the intervertebral disc.)

不严重，只是扭伤了腰。针灸治这种腰痛最有效。（您得了椎间盘突出症。）

P：Can it be cured? 能治好吗？

D：Certainly, but it takes times.I’ll prescribe some medicine for you.You should have

acupuncture every other day.(Sleep on a hard bed and rest well.You’ll be all right whinin two or three weeks.)

当然能治好，只是得一段时间。我给你开点儿药。此外你要隔日来针灸一次。（睡硬板床，好好休息。二三周后您就会痊愈的。） 肩周炎

periarthritis of the shoulder My shoulders hurt very much. 我的肩部疼的很厉害。 How long have you had this pain. 疼了多久了？

It’s gotten worse and worse. 疼痛越来越重了。

Does it move about or stay in one place？ 疼痛是游走性的还是固定不移的？ Please remove your clothes. 请脱下你的衣服。

Raise your arms forward and then backward. That’s all. 把胳膊往前抬，然后向后。 You have a shoulder periarthritis. 你患了肩周炎。

This often occurs among older people. 上了年纪的人往往容易得这种病。 What exercises should I do? 怎么锻炼呢？

A hot compress can also help to relieve the discomfort. 热敷可以减轻局部不适。 护理操作常规英语

1、静脉输液Intravenous Infusion

Nurse: Good morning , Mr.Brown. It’s time for me to give you intrave nous infusion.

布朗先生,上午好!该给您输液了。

Patient: Excuse me, could you tell me about the use of the IV fluids? 对不起,您能告诉我输这些液体的作用吗?

Nurse: Of course. The fluids can provide energy for you and prevent you from electrolytic imbalances after operation. Please call us by pressing the ringer if you feel uncomfortable with the fluid.

当然可以。输入的液体能为您提供能量,还可预防术后电解质失衡。

38

补液挂上去了，有什么不适，请及时使用呼叫器，告诉我们。 Patient:Would you please let the fluid drop more quickly? 请您把液体滴速调快点儿好吗?

Nurse: Your IV fluids must be given slowly so as not to overload you. 那不可以的。您的静脉输液必须慢速,不然会增加心脏负荷。 2、测基本生命体征 （1）量体温

Nurse ：I am going to take your temperature./Please put the thermometer under your armpit.

护士：我要测一下您的体温/请把体温计放在您的腋下. （2）测脉搏、呼吸： Let me feel your pulse /breath. 让我测一下您的脉搏/呼吸. （3）量血压

I’ll test/take your blood pressure. 我要测量您的血压. 3、测血糖

I’m afraid I have to prick your finger and take a drop of blood for blood sugar level.

我要取一滴指血做血糖测定, 需要刺一下手指. 4、抽血

Don’t take any thing by mouth after 10 o’ cloce until the blood is drawn tomorrow morning .

半夜之后不要吃喝任何东西，明天早上抽血. I’ll take some blood from your arm now. 现在我要从您的胳膊抽血. 5、留标本

(1) Please bring a specimen of your urine/stool/sputum./ please collect your mid-stream specimen of urine.

请留一份尿/便/痰的标本/请收集您的中段尿. (2) Please have your blood and urine tests done. 请做一下您的血和尿试验. 6、做检查

(1) You are going to have a CT-scan of your chest/head today. 今天您要做一个胸部/头部CT.

(2) You are going to have a chest X-ray this morning. 今天早上您要拍一个胸片.

(3) You are going to have a B-mode ultrasonic exam. Please keep your bladder full.

您要做B超检查,请留尿,使膀胱充盈.

(4) You are going to have an gastric endoscopy tomorrow morning. please don’t eat or drink anything after 12 o’clock tonight.

明天上午您要做胃镜检查，今晚12点之后，请不要吃喝任何东西。 (5) I’m going to do an ECG for you. 我要给您做心电图.

(6) You are going to have urine catheterization now.

现在您需要导尿. (7) 插胃管

I’m going to put a gastric tube into your stomach, this is for gastrointestinal decompression.

我要放胃管到您的胃内，这是胃肠减压.

We can feed you the necessary nutrients through the tube. Please swallow the tube as I put it down.

我们通过胃管给您必要的营养.当我放管时,请做吞咽动作. 7、术前准备

(1) An operation will be done tomorrow/ an emergency operation must be done now. Will you please sign to give your permission for your operation?

明天将做手术/现在马上做急诊手术. 同意手术请您签字好吗？ (2) I’m going to shave your skin. / I’m going to do skin preparation for you.

我要给您做备皮/我要给您做皮肤准备。

(3) You’re going to have a local/general/epidural anaesthesia. 要给您做局麻/全身麻醉/硬膜外麻醉.

(4) Are you allergic to any medication?/ penicillin? 您对什么药物/青霉素过敏吗?

(5) I’m going to do a skin test of pennicillin for you./ If you feel itchy or short of breath, please let me know at once. I’ll see the result in fifteen minutes. /I’m going to do a tetanus hypersensitive test for you. 我要给您做青霉素皮试. 如果您感到痒或气短,请立刻告诉我./我十五分钟后看结果./我要给您做破伤风皮试.

(6) I’m going to give you an intramuscular injection./intravenous infusion/hypodermic injection for your operation. 我要给您做术前肌肉/静脉/皮内注射.

(7) I’m going to give you an enema to help you pass motion. 我要给您灌肠, 帮助您排便 8、术后护理：

(1) I’m going to give you oxygen now. 我要给您吸氧

(2) You are going to have a blood transfusion. 要给您输血

(3) I’m going to do bladder irrigation for you. 我要给您做膀胱冲洗

(4) I’m going to give you nebulization. 我要给您(雾化)吸入.

(5) How are you today? How was your sleep last night? How is your appetite?

您今天怎么样？您昨晚睡得怎么样？您的食欲怎么样？ (6) You have to rest in bed for at least one week. 您至少要卧床休息一周.

(7) The doctor will change your dressing. /The doctor will remove your stitches.

39

医生要给您换药/医生要给您拆线.

(8) Take more exercises./Do some light work, have a happy outlook, avoid excitement and too much worry. Be careful not to stumble. 多做锻炼/做一些轻体力活动，保持良好的心态，避免兴奋和过度忧虑，小心不要摔倒 9、其他：

(1) Did you pass motion yesterday?/Are your bowel movements normal? 昨天您排便了吗？/您的大便正常吗？ (2) What color of your urine? 您的尿液什么颜色？

(3) How much urine do you pass each time? 您每次排尿多少？

(4) You will have skin/cervical traction. 要给您做皮肤/颈部牵引 (5) The results are normal. 结果正常

(6) You are suffering from ~/Your disease was diagnosed as 您的病诊断为~

(7) You have to stop smoking and alcohol. 您必须戒烟、戒酒

(8) I’ll apply a cold(hot) compress to your ankle. 我要给您的踝部冷/热敷

(9) I’m going to make your bed./ we’ll change the bed linen at once. 我们马上为你准备床。/我们马上为你准备床单和枕套。 中医英语

肝血：Liver blood 血虚：Blood deficiency

活血化瘀：Activating blood to resolve stasis 命门：life gate 恶风：aversion to wind

倦怠乏力：fatigue and lack of strength 肝气犯胃：liver-Qi invading the stomach

辨证论治: treatment based on syndrome, or syndrome differentiation and treatment

虚胀: deficiency- flatulence 证候(中医):Syndrome, 症候:symptom

虚: Deficiency , insufficiency, weakness, debility, hypofunction, asthenia 气 : Qi 阴阳：Yin and yang 气功：Qigong 推拿：Tuina 三焦 triple energizer

补：tonify, invigorate, strengthen, supplement 实火：Excessive fire, Solid fire

温病：Seasonal febrile disease

哮喘： dyspnea and asthmatic breathing

引火归原: conduct the fire returning to the original place 肺痨: consumptive disease of the lung

黄帝内经：yellow emperor’s canon of internal medicine 肾藏精，精舍志（精指精气）

The kidney stores essence and the essence maintains mental activity 脉理精微，其体难辨（精指精深）

The theory of pulse is very abstruse and the conditions of pulse are difficult to differentiate.

Cushing's syndrome 库欣综合症 diabetes 糖尿病

diffuse intravascular coagulation 弥散性血管凝血 dysentery 痢疾 enteritis 肠炎 gastric ulcer 胃溃疡 gastritis 胃炎 gout 痛风 hepatitis 肝炎

Hodgkin's disease 霍奇金病 如果气化功能失常，就会影响到气、血、津液的新陈代谢，影响饮 食物的消化吸收，影响汗液、尿液和粪便的排泄，从而形成各种各 样代谢异常的疾病

the disorder of Qi activity can affect the metabolism of Qi, blood and body fluid, impair the digestion and absorption of food, and inhibit sweating, urination and defecation, resulting in various metabolic diseases.

常见疾病名称

Internal Medicine 内科 Acidosis 酸中毒

Adams-Stokes syndrome 亚－斯氏综合症 alcoholism, alcoholic intoxication 酒精中毒 alkalosis 碱中毒 anaphylaxis 过敏症 anemia 贫血

iron deficiency anemia 缺铁性贫血 megaloblastic anemia 巨幼红细胞性贫血 aplastic anemia 再生障碍性贫血 angiitis 脉管炎 angina pectoris 心绞痛 arteriosclerosis 动脉硬化 apoplexy 中风

auricular fibrillation 心房纤颤

auriculo-ventricular block 房室传导阻滞 bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘 bronchitis 支气管炎 bronchiectasis 支气管扩张 bronchopneumonia 支气管肺炎 carcinoma 癌

cardiac arrhythmia 心律紊乱 cardiac failure 心力衰竭 cardiomyopathy 心肌病 cirrhosis 肝硬化

coronary arteriosclerotic heart disease 冠状动脉硬化性心脏 病

Crohn disease 克罗恩病

40

hyperlipemia 高脂血症，血脂过多 hyperparathyroidism 甲状旁腺功能亢进 hypersplenism 脾功能亢进 hypertension 高血压

hyperthyroidism 甲状腺功能亢进 hypoglycemia 低血糖

hypothyroidism 甲状腺功能减退 infective endocarditis 感染性心内膜炎 influenza 流感 leukemia 白血病

lobar pneumonia 大叶性肺炎 lymphadenitis 淋巴结炎 lymphoma 淋巴瘤 malaria 疟疾 malnutrition 营养不良 measles 麻疹 myeloma 骨髓瘤

myocardial infarction 心肌梗死 myocarditis 心肌炎 nephritis 肾炎

nephritic syndrome 肾综合症

obstructive pulmonary emphysema 阻塞性肺气肿 pancreatitis 胰腺炎 peptic ulcer 消化性溃疡 peritonitis 腹膜炎 pleuritis 胸膜炎 pneumonia 肺炎 pneumothorax 气胸 purpura 紫癜

allergic purpura 过敏性紫癜

thrombocytolytic purpura 血小板减少性紫癜 pyelonephritis 肾盂肾炎 renal failure 肾功能衰竭 rheumatic fever 风湿病

rheumatoid arthritis 类风湿性关节炎 scarlet fever 猩红热

septicemia 败血症 syphilis 梅毒 tachycardia 心动过速 tumour 肿瘤 typhoid 伤寒

ulcerative colitis 溃疡性结肠炎

upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage 上消化道血 Neurology 神经科 brain abscess 脑脓肿 cerebral embolism 脑栓塞 carcinoma of esophagus 食管癌 carcinoma of gallbladder 胆囊癌 carcinoma of rectum 直肠癌 carcinoma of stomach 胃癌 cholecystitis 胆囊炎 cervical spondylosis 颈椎病 choledochitis 胆管炎 cholelithiasis 胆石症 chondroma 软骨瘤 dislocation of joint 关节脱位 cerebral infarction 脑梗死 cerebral thrombosis 脑血栓 cerebral hemorrhage 脑出血 concussion of brain 脑震荡 craniocerebral injury 颅脑损伤 epilepsy 癫痫

intracranial tumour 颅内肿瘤 intracranial hematoma 颅内血肿 meningitis 脑膜炎 migraine 偏头痛 neurasthenia 神经衰弱 neurosis 神经官能症

paranoid psychosis 偏执性精神病 Parkinson's disease 帕金森综合症 psychosis 精神病 schizophrenia 精神分裂症 Surgery 外科

abdominal external hernia 腹外疝 acute diffuse peritonitis 急性弥漫性腹膜炎 acute mastitis 急性乳腺炎 acute pancreatitis 急性胰腺炎

acute perforation of gastro-duodenal ulcer急性胃十二指肠溃 疡穿孔

acute pyelonephritis 急性肾盂肾炎 anal fissure 肛裂 anal fistula 肛瘘 anesthesia 麻醉 angioma 血管瘤 appendicitis 阑尾炎

bleeding of gastro-duodenal ulcer 胃十二指肠溃疡出血 bone tumour 骨肿瘤 breast adenoma 乳房腺瘤 burn 烧伤

cancer of breast 乳腺癌 carbuncle 痈

carcinoma of colon 结肠炎

41

erysipelas 丹毒 fracture 骨折 furuncle 疖 hemorrhoid 痔 hemothorax 血胸

hypertrophy of prostate 前列腺肥大 intestinal obstruction 肠梗阻 intestinal tuberculosis 肠结核 lipoma 脂肪瘤 lithangiuria 尿路结石 liver abscess 肝脓肿 melanoma 黑色素瘤 osseous tuberculosis 骨结核 osteoclastoma 骨巨细胞瘤 osteoporosis 骨质疏松症 osteosarcoma 骨质疏松症 osteosarcoma 骨肉瘤 Paget's disease 佩吉特病

perianorecrtal abscess 肛管直肠周围脓肿 phlegmon 蜂窝织炎

portal hypertension 门静脉高压 prostatitis 前列腺炎

protrusion of intervertebral disc 椎间盘突出purulent arthritis 化脓性关节炎 pyogenic ostcomyclitis 化脓性骨髓炎 pyothorax 脓胸 rectal polyp 直肠息肉

rheumatoid arthritis 类风湿性关节炎 rupture of spleen 脾破裂

scapulohumeral periarthritis 肩周炎 tenosynovitis 腱鞘炎 tetanus 破伤风

thromboangiitis 血栓性脉管炎 thyroid adenocarcinoma 甲状腺腺癌 thyroid adenoma 甲状腺腺瘤 trauma 创伤

urinary infection 泌尿系感染

varicose vein of lower limb 下肢静脉曲张 Paediatrics 儿科

acute military tuberculosis of the lung 急性粟粒性肺结核 acute necrotic enteritis 急性坏死性结肠炎 anaphylactic purpura 过敏性紫癜 ancylostomiasis 钩虫病 ascariasis 蛔虫病

asphyxia of the newborn 新生儿窒息 atrial septal defect 房间隔缺损 birth injury 产伤

cephalhematoma 头颅血肿 cerebral palsy 脑性瘫痪 congenital torticollis 先天性斜颈 convulsion 惊厥

Down's syndrome 唐氏综合症 glomerulonephritis 肾小球肾炎 hemophilia 血友病 infantile diarrhea 婴儿腹泻

intracranial hemorrhage of the newborn 新生儿颅内出血 intussusception 肠套叠

necrotic enterocolitis of newborn 新生儿坏死性小肠结膜炎 neonatal jaundice 新生儿黄疸

nutritional iron deficiency anemia 营养性缺铁性贫血 nutritional megaloblastic anemia 营养性巨幼细胞性贫血 patent ductus arteriosis 动脉导管未闭 poliomyelitis 骨髓灰质炎 premature infant 早产儿

primary tuberculosis 原发性肺结核

progressive muscular dystrophy 进行性肌肉营养不良 pulmonary stenosis 肺动脉狭窄 purulent meningitis 化脓性脑膜炎 rickets 佝偻病

sepsis of the newborn 新生儿败血症 tetanus of the newborn 新生儿破伤风 tetralogy of Fallot 法洛四联症 thrush 鹅口疮，真菌性口炎 varicella 水痘

ventricular septal defect 室间隔缺损 viral encephalitis 病毒性脑炎

viral myocarditis 病毒性心肌炎 Gynecology and Obstetrics 妇，产科 abortion 流产

adenomyosis 子宫内膜异位症 amniotic fluid embolism 羊水栓塞 Bartholin's cyst 巴氏腺囊肿

carcinoma of cervix 子宫颈癌

carcinoma of endometrium 子宫内膜癌 carcinoma of ovary 卵巢癌 cervicitis 宫颈炎

chorio-epithelioma 绒毛膜上皮癌 corpora luteum cyst 黄体囊肿 dystocia 难产 eclampsia 子痫

edema-proteinuria-hypertension syndrome 水肿蛋白尿高血压综合征（妊娠高血压综合征） endometriosis 子宫内膜异位症 extrauterine pregnancy 子宫外孕 hydatidiform mole 葡萄胎

hyperemesis gravidarum 妊娠剧吐 infertility 不育症

irregular menstruation 月经失调 lochia 恶露

monilial vaginitis 念珠菌性阴道炎 multiple pregnancy 多胎妊娠 myoma of uterus 子宫肿瘤 oligohydramnios 羊水过少 ovarian tumour 卵巢肿瘤

pelvic inflammatory disease 盆腔炎 placenta previa 前置胎盘 placental abruption 胎盘早期剥离

pregnancy-hypertension syndrome 妊娠高血压综合症 premature birth 早产

premature rupture of membrane 胎膜早破 postpartum hemorrhage 产后出血 puerperal infection 产褥感染 rupture of uterus 子宫破裂 trichomonas vaginitis 滴虫性阴道炎 uteroplacental apoplexy 子宫胎盘卒中

vulvitis 外阴炎

Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology 五官科 amblyopia 弱视

amygdalitis, tonsillitis 扁桃体炎 astigmatism 散光

carcinoma of nasopharynx鼻咽癌 carcinoma of larynx 喉癌 cataract 白内障 tinnitus 耳鸣

chalazion 霰粒肿，脸板腺囊肿 colour blindness 色盲

deflection of nasal septum 鼻中隔偏曲 deafness 聋

42

furuncle of nasalvestibule 鼻前庭疖 glaucoma 青光眼 heterotropia 斜视 hyperopia 远视

injury of cornea 角膜损伤 ceruminal impaction 耵聍嵌塞 iritis 虹膜炎 keratitis 角膜炎

labyrinthitis 迷路炎， 内耳炎 laryngitis 喉炎 mastoiditis 乳突炎 myopia 近视 nasal sinusitis 鼻窦炎 otitis media 中耳炎 obstruction of larynx 喉梗阻 peritonsillar abscess 扁桃体中脓肿 pharyngitis 咽炎

rhinitis 鼻炎 Dermatoloty 皮肤科 acne 痤疮

carcinoma of skin 皮肤癌 bed sore 褥疮

decubitus ulcer 褥疮性溃疡 drug eruption 药皮疹 eczema 湿疹

herpes simplex 单纯疱疹 herpes zoster 带状疱疹 lupus erythematosis 红斑狼疮 psoriasis 牛皮癣 urticaria 荨麻疹 wart 疣

常见手术名称

General Sugery 普外

appendectomy (appendicectomy) 阑尾切除术 cholecystectmy 胆囊切除术 cholecystostomy 胆囊造口术 drainage of the abscess 脓肿引流 enterostomy 肠造口术

exploratory laparotomy 开腹探查术 gastrectomy 胃切除术

gastroduodenostomy 胃十二指肠吻合术 hemorrhoidectomy 痔切除术 hepaticotomy 肝管切开术 hepatectomy 肝切除术 herniorrhaphy 疝修补术

ligation of lower oesophageal veins 低位食管静脉结扎

pancreatectomy 胰切除术

portal vena cava anastomosis 门腔静脉吻合术 pyloroplasty 幽门成形术 mastectomy 乳房切除术 splenectomy 脾切除术 thyroidectomy 甲状腺切除术 thyroid lobectomy 甲状腺叶切除术

vagotomy 迷走神经切断术Orthopedics 骨科 amputation 截肢 arthrodesis 关节固定术

curettage if bone tumor 骨瘤刮除术 excision of bone tumor 骨瘤切除术 external fixation 外固定 fasciotomy 筋膜切开术 free skin graft 自由皮瓣移植 internal fixation 内固定 plaster cast 石膏管形

plaster splintage 石膏夹板固定

prosthetic replacement for joint 人工关节置换术 reduction of fracture 骨折复位

reduction of joint dislocation 关节脱位复位 repair if ligament 韧带修补 replantation if digit断指再植 skeletal traction 骨牵引

tenorrhaphy 腱缝合术 Thoracic Surgery 胸外科

aortocoronary bypass 主动脉冠状动脉分流 closed drainage of pleural cavity 胸腔闭式引流

complete intracardiac repair of Fallot's Tetralogy 法洛完全修复术

dilation of aortic valular stenosis 主动脉瓣狭窄扩张术 exploratory thoracotomy 开胸探查 heart transplantation 心脏移植

heart valve replacement 心脏瓣膜置换术

ligation of patent ductus arteriosis 动脉导管未闭结扎术 lobectomy of lungs 肺叶切除

local excision of tumor of lungs 肺肿瘤局部切除术 parial esophagectomy and reconstruction of esophagus 食管部分切除、重建

repair of auricular septal defect 房间隔缺损修补术 repair if ventricular septal defect 室间隔缺损修补术 repair if valvular insufficiency 瓣膜闭锁不全的修补 pericardiectomy 心包切除术 peicardiotomy 心包切开术

pulmonary embolectomy 肺动脉栓子切除术

resection of arterial aneurysm动脉瘤切除术

43

Urology 泌尿科 cystoplasty 膀胱成形术 cystostomy 膀胱造口术 nephrectomy 肾切除术 nephrostomy肾造口术 nephrolithotomy肾石切除术 orchiectomy睾丸切除术 prostatectomy前列腺切除术 renal biopsy肾活检 renal transplantation肾移植 urethra-lithotomy输尿管结石切除 urethroplasty 尿道成形术

vasoligation 输精管结扎术Neurosurgery 神经外科 decompression 减压术

excision of brain tumor 脑瘤切除术 exploratory craniotomy开颅探查术 lobectomy （脑）叶切除术

removed of intracranial hematoma 颅内血肿清除术repair of dura defect 硬脑膜缺损修补术 Dentistry 牙科 dental prosthetics 镶牙 filling 牙填充

orthodontic treatment 牙矫正术 periodontal treatment 牙周治疗

tooth extraction 拔牙

Gynecology & Obstetrics 妇产科 amniocentesis 羊膜穿刺术 cervicectomy 子宫颈切除术 cesarean section 剖宫产术剖腹产 culdocentesis 后穹隆穿刺术 dilatation of the cervix 宫颈扩张术

excision of Bartholin cyst 巴氏腺囊肿切除术 hysterectomy 子宫切除术 induction of labor 引产术 ovarian cystectomy 助产术 oophorectomy 卵巢切除术 salpingectomy 输卵管切除术 sterilization 绝育术 uterine curetlage 刮宫术 vulvectomy 外阴切除术

Ophthalmology & Otorhinolaryngology 五官科 aspiration of cataract 白内障吸出术

closed reduction of nasal bone 鼻骨闭合复位 corneal grafting 角膜移植 enucleation of eyeball 眼球摘除术 excision of turbinates 鼻甲切除术

extraction of intra-ocular foreign body 眼内异物摘除 laryngectomy and laryngostomy 喉切除术和喉造口术 lens extraction 晶体摘除 mastoidectomy 乳突切开术 myringotomy 鼓膜切开术 myringoplasty 鼓膜成形术 nasal polypectomy 鼻息肉切除术 septoplasty （鼻）中隔成形术 sinusotomy 鼻窦切开术

submuscous resection of nasal septum 鼻中隔粘膜下切除术 tonsillectomy 扁桃体切除术 tympanoplasty 鼓室成形术

医疗器材

absorbent cotton 脱脂棉 adhesive 胶布 bandage 绷带 bath towel 浴巾 cotton wool balls 棉球 dressing 敷料

elastic bandage 弹力绷带 gauze 纱布 mask 口罩 mattress 垫子 swab 橡皮单 swab 药签

alcohol burner 酒精灯 breast pump 吸奶器 curet(te) 刮匙，刮器 dropper 滴管 drying baker 干燥器 enema can 灌肠筒 enema syringe 灌肠注射器 finger stall 指套 forceps 钳子

hemostatic forceps 止血钳 obstetric forceps 产钳 funnel 漏斗 gastric tube 胃管

glass measure cup 玻璃量杯 hypodermic syringe 皮下注射器 pump 筒，泵 needle 针头 ampule 安 ice bag 冰袋 incubator 保温箱 kidney basin 弯盆

44

measuring tape 带尺 medicine cup 药杯

Murphy's drip bulb 墨菲滴管 percussion hammer 叩诊锤 rectal tube 肛管 rubber gloves 橡皮手套 sand bag 沙袋 scales 磅秤 scalpel 手术刀 scissors 剪刀

specimen container 取样器皿 sucker 吸管 ribbon 肠线 test tube 试管 thermometer 体温表 three-channel tube 三腔管

spatula (padded tongue blade) 压舌板 tourniquet 止血带 tray 托盘

ultraviolet lamp 紫外线灯 vessel clamp 止血钳、血管夹

vial 药瓶

bedside commode 床边洗脸台 bedside rails 床栏 bedpan 床上便盆

disposable collecting bag 一次性采尿袋 emesis basin 盂盆

patient pack 医院为病人提供的个人用具袋 urinal 男用尿壶、贮尿壶binder 腹带、绷带 straight abdominal binder 直腹带 breast binder 裹胸带 elbow protector 肘护套 sling 悬带 splint 夹板

scrotal support 阴囊托cane (walking stick) 手杖 crutch 拐杖 leg brace 腿支架 stretcher 担架 walker 助行器

wheelchair 轮椅isolation unit, set-up 消毒室，消毒病房 garbage can lined with plastic bag 内衬塑料袋的垃圾罐 isolation cart (plastic bags, masks, gowns, laundry bags, gloves) 消毒箱（内装塑料袋、口罩、衣服、洗衣袋、手套） surgical isolator 外科手术消毒包

wastebasket lined with plastic bag 内衬塑料袋的字纸篓cannula 套管、插管

perfusion cannula 灌注导管 wash-out cannula 冲洗套管 catheter 导管

cardiac catheter 心导管 indwelling catheter 留置导尿管

double current (two-way) catheter 双腔导管 flexible catheter 软导管 female catheter 女用导尿管 prostatic catheter 前列腺导尿管 railway catheter 槽式导尿管

self-retaining catheter 自流（潴留）导尿管 tracheal catheter 气管吸引导管 dialyser 透析膜

dialyzator 透析器drainage-tube 引导管 elastic drainage-tube 橡皮引流管 glass drainage-tube 玻璃引导管 enemator 灌肠器

intubator 插管器irrigator 冲洗器 oxygen tank 氧气筒

oxygen tent氧幕、氧气帐rubber-topped hemostat 带橡皮头的止血器

speculum 窥器、张口器

anal speculum 肛门张口器、护肛器 aural speculum 耳窥器、耳镜 eye speculum 开睑器 nasal speculum 鼻窥器、鼻镜 speculum oris 张口器

rectal speculum 直肠窥镜，直肠张开器 urethral speculum 尿道窥器

vaginal speculum 阴道窥器suction 吸吮器

disposable suction apparatus for wound suction一次性伤口吸吮器

sputum suction apparatus 吸痰器 suction machine 吸吮机 mechanical suction 机械吸吮器

wall suction 壁式引流器steam tent 蒸气帷 wall oxygen outlet 壁式输氧机 ventilator 呼吸机、呼吸器 automatic ventilator 自动呼吸器 positive pressure ventilator 正压呼吸机 negative pressure ventilator 负压呼吸机 cabinet respirator 箱式呼吸器

cuirass respirator 胸甲式呼吸器autoclave sterilizer(disinfector) 高压蒸气灭菌器 bronchoscope 支气管镜 cystoscope 膀胱镜

45

本文来源：https://www.bwwdw.com/article/ir85.html