2012年高考英语 考前冲刺常考易混淆词汇试卷

2012年高考英语考前冲刺常考易混淆词汇

1.be known as,be known for,be known to,be known in辨析

(1)be known as作为 而著名，其后的名词表示一个人的身份、职业等。

Liu Huan is known as a singer.

(2)be known for因 而著名，其后所接内容表示某人或某物的特点、特长等。

Guilin is known for its beautiful mountains and rivers.

(3)be known to为 所了解/知道，其后接表示人的词语。

He is known to all in our village. 

(4)be know in在某地很著名，其后接表地点的词语。

He is well-known in the town where he was born. 

2. be/get used to (doing) sth.,be used to do sth.,used to do sth. 辨析

(1)be/get used to (doing) sth.习惯于，适用于；可用于多种时态；to为介词。

I didn’t think I could ever get used to living in a big city after living in

the country.

(2)be used to do sth.被用来做某事；可用于多种时态；不定式为目的状语。

Wood is used to make paper.

(3)used to do sth.过去常常，暗含现在已经不那么做了；只用于过去时；used to为情态

动词，后接动词原形。

I used to smoke,but I gave up a couple of years ago. 

3. be made of,be made from,be made up of,be made by,be made in辨析

(1)be made of表示“由 制成”，指从原料到制成品，没有发生本质变化(属物理变化)。

This table is made of wood.

(2)be made from表示“由 制成”，指从原料到制成品，发生了质的变化(属化学变化)。

Paper is made from wood.

(3)be made up of表示“由 组成”，强调主语由两部分或两个以上的部分构成或组成。



The team is made up of twelve members.

(4)be made by表示“由 做”，后面接指人的名词或代词，强调动作的执行者。

The kite was made by my grandma.

(5)be made in接表时间的数词或名词时，表示“某物何时制造的或何时产的”；接指地点

的名词时，表示“某地产某物”。

This bike was made in Tianjin.

The car was made in 2005.

4.sometimes,sometime,some time,some times 辨析

(1)sometimes是个频度副词，意为“有时”，表示动作发生的不经常性，常与一般现在时

或一般过去时连用。

Sometimes I have lunch at school.

(2)sometime是个副词，意为“在某时”，指时间上不确定的某一点，常用于一般过去时或

一般将来时。

I saw him sometime in July.

(3)some time是个名词短语，意思是“一段时间”，在句中常与for等词连用。

I’ll stay here for some time.

(4)some times是个短语，表示几倍或若干次数。

I have met him some times before.

5. bring in,bring up,bring about辨析

(1)bring in引入；赚得

(2)bring up抚养，养育

(3)bring about导致，引起

6. run out,go out,give out,leave out辨析

(1)run out用完，耗尽

(2)go out外出交际；送出，发出

(3)give out用完，耗尽；停止运转

(4)leave out省去，遗漏；不包括

7. buy,cost,pay,spend,take辨析

(1)buy指购买。常见搭配：buy (sb.) sth.;buy sth.(for sb./sth.)。

(2)cost指花钱、时间、精力等。常见结构：sth.cost sb.sth.。

(3)pay指花钱。常见结构：sb.pay for。

(4)spend指花时间、钱等。常见结构：sb.spend...(in) sth.;sb.spend...on sth.。

(5)take主要指花时间。常见结构：It takes/took sb.some time to do sth.。如：

①他花了36 000法郎买了这只手表。

The watch cost him thirty-six thousand francs.

He spent thirty-six thousand francs on the watch/(in) buying the watch.

He paid thirty-six thousand francs for the watch.

He bought the watch for thirty-six thousand francs.

②他花了半个小时完成了工作。

It took him half an hour to finish the work.

He spent half an hour on the work.

He spent half an hour (in) finishing the work.

8. offer,supply,provide辨析

(1)offer指“主动提供”。常见短语搭配：offer sb.sth.;offer sth.to sb.。

Josie offered him 500 dollars to do the work.

(2)supply指“供应，供给”。常见短语搭配：supply sth.to/for sb./sp.;supply

sb./sp.with sth.。 Our farm supplies the market with fruits and vegetables.

(3)provide指“提供，供应”。常见短语搭配：provide sth.for sb./sp.;provide

sb./sp.with sth.

The school provided books for the children.

9. opposite,contrary辨析

(1)opposite指“(位置，方向，地位，意义等)对立的、相反的”。be opposite to在

对面；与 相反；in the opposite direction在相反的方向上。

His house is opposite to mine.

(2)contrary指“(主张，看法，行为等)相反的”， 含有“互相冲突，不一致”的意思，

也可以表示 “逆”，如：a contrary wind逆风。

This is something quite contrary to my expectations.

10. realize,know辨析

(1)realize vt. 表示“认识到，意识到；实现，完成”。

He didn’t realize his mistake until his mother told him.

(2)know vt. & vi. 表示“知道；了解，熟悉；认识”。可接段时间作状语。

We have known each other for many years.

11. late,lately,later,latest辨析

(1)late可作形容词或副词，意为“迟(的)，晚(的)”。

She is late for school again.

(2)lately是副词，意为“最近，近来”相当于recently，常与现在完成时连用。

I haven’t heard from him lately.

(3)later为late的比较级，意为“较迟的(地)”；另外，还可用作副词，意为“后来”。



He goes home later than anybody.

(4)latest为late的最高级，意为“最迟的(地)”，也相当于newest,意为“最新的”。



Here is the latest news from abroad.

12. cut down,cut off,cut through,cut up,cut in 辨析

(1)cut down砍倒；削减

(2)cut off打断，中断(供给)

(3)cut through开辟(出路或通道)

(4)cut up(严重地)割伤，打伤；切碎

(5)cut in插嘴

13. break out,break down,break away from,break into,break off,break through,break

up辨析

(1)break out爆发

(2)break down出故障，坏掉

(3)break away from突然挣脱，逃脱

(4)break into强行闯入

(5)break off中断，断开

(6)break through克服，战胜

(7)break up拆开，打散

14. separate,pide辨析

(1)separate把聚合在一起的事物、东西分开；常与from连用。

Please separate the good apples from the bad ones.

(2)pide把一个整体分成若干部分；常与into连用。

Please pide the apple into two parts.

15. struggle,fight辨析

(1)struggle挣扎；斗争，指肉体和精神上

的搏斗，暗指在艰难处境中奋力挣扎。

On arriving at the shore,the girl struggled up

the cliff towards the light she had seen.

(2)fight打仗，战斗，主要指肉体上的对抗。引申

为一般的斗争，可指“打架”。

The soldiers fought bravely in the battle. 

16. broad,wide辨析

(1)broad着重指某物覆盖面的范围(如肩、背、胸等的宽)，还可表示“宽宏大量”。

In point of fact he was broad and heavy,with large hands and feet.

(2)wide着重指边沿间相隔的距离以及“广泛的”之意。

His reading covers a wide range of subjects.

17.occur,happen,take place辨析

(1)occur vi.指“发生”时可与happen换用。occur to sb.指“某种思想等呈现于某人的

意识中”。

It occurred to him that he should go to see a dentist.

(2)happen vi.指“偶然发生”时，主语为 “事”；当主语是“人”时，意为“碰巧”。

happen to sb./sth.常指不好的事情发生在某人(物)身上。

It was unfortunate that this accident should happen/occur.

(3)take place vi. 表示“发生”时，可与happen或occur换用，但其后面一般不接to

sb./sth.结构；指必然会发生的事情时，多用take place;此外，take place还可表示“举

行某种活动”。

The official opening of the store will take place next week.

18. argue,debate,quarrel辨析

(1)argue v.指通过提出理由进行论证；搭配：argue for/against sth.;argue with

sb.about/over sth.;argue sb.into doing sth.;argue sb.out of doing sth.。

The workers argue for the right for a public holiday.

(2)debate v. & n.指正式的辩论；搭配：debate with sb.about/on/upon sth.。

(3)quarrel v. & n. 指因愤怒而争吵；搭配：quarrel with sb.about/over sth.。

The new couple are always quarrelling about so little family income.

19. glance,glimpse,stare,glare辨析

(1)glance匆匆一瞥，强调动作；为不及物动词，常借助介词at,over,down等接宾语。

She glanced down the list of names.

(2)glimpse瞥见，强调结果；为及物动词，可直接接宾语。

She glimpsed him through the window when she passed.

(3) stare 凝视，盯着看；为不及物动词，常借助介词at接宾语。

She stared at him in surprise.

(4)glare怒视；瞪眼；为不及物动词，常借助介词at接宾语。

They stood glaring at each other.

20. normal,common,ordinary,usual,regular,general辨析

(1)normal正常的。normal可用作名词，return to normal恢复正常。

(2)common常见的；一般的。常用于短语:common sense/knowledge常识。

As is known to all,snow is common in cold countries.

(3)ordinary普通的，平常的，平凡的。如：an ordinary man普通人，平凡的人。

Tom Sawyer was an ordinary American boy who kept getting into trouble.

(4)usual通常的，往常的，一贯如此的。常用于短语:as usual像往常一样，照例。

Are you returning home at the usual time today?

(5)regular有规律的，定期的，经常的。如：regular customers老顾客，常客。

(6)general普通的，一般的。

The price of the food is a matter of general anxiety.

(食品的价格是大家普遍关心的事情，是影响范围较大的全民焦虑的事情)

21.country,nation,state,land辨析

(1)country国家；国土，侧重指版图，疆域。此外，country含义广泛，适合各种文体，也

可代替本组中的任何一个词，有时作“祖国”讲，带有感情色彩。

China is a great country with a long history.

(2)nation民族；国家，侧重指人民；国民；民族。在国际交往等正式场合，nation语气庄

重，比country常用。

The whole nation was in deep sorrow at this news.

(3)state国家；政府，侧重指政权；政体。

In our country,railways are state-owned.

(4)land国土；国家，带有感情色彩，多用于文学作品中。

This is my native land.I’ll defend it with my life!

22. high,highly辨析

两词都可用作副词。

(1)high高，在高处。

(2)highly赞赏地；非常。

He jumped the highest in the Olympic Games and was thought highly of.

23. farther,further辨析

两者都是far的比较级形式，可用作形容词或副词。

(1)farther一般表实际距离的更远。

Nanjing is farther from Beijing than Tianjin is.

(2)further一般表程度上的进一步或更大范围等。

This problem will be further discussed tomorrow.

24. death,die,dead,dying,deadly辨析

(1)death是名词，既可以作可数名词也可以作不可数名词。

He continued to write until his death.

There were two deaths on the road.

(2)die为不及物动词，且为瞬间动词，不用于被动语态，不能和for引导的时间状语连用。

He was badly injured in the accident and died five days later.

(3)dead为形容词，与be动词连用表“死了的状态”，可与for引导的时间状语连用。

His grandfather has been dead for five years.

(4)dying常作形容词用，意为“要/快死了的”。

He picked up a dying bird on his way home.

(5)deadly作形容词时意为“致命的”。

Cancer is a kind of deadly disease.

25. call at,call back,call for,call in,call on,call up辨析

(1)call at (a place)访问(某地)

(2)call back回电话

(3)call for(公开)要求，需要

(4)call in要求退回，召来

(5)call on邀请；请求

(6)call up使回忆起，使想起

26. damage,destroy,ruin辨析

这三个词都有“破坏，损害”的意思，但有所区别。

(1)damage损坏，破坏，可用于表示损坏或破坏具体的物品，一般暗示损坏后价值或效益会

降低，这种损坏是部分性的，通常指损坏的程度不那么严重，还可以修复再用；也可用于

表示损坏抽象的东西。

Smoking has damaged his health badly.

(2)destroy破坏，摧毁，毁灭，通常指程度非常严重的“毁坏”，一般情况下不可以修复

再用；另外，它既可表示毁坏具体的物品，也可表示毁坏抽象的东西。

The big fire destroyed the whole house.

(3)ruin泛指一般性的破坏，指把某物损坏到了不能再使用的程度。

The rain will ruin the crops. 

27. fit,suit,match辨析

(1)fit用作及物动词，意为“与 相符，适合”；用作不及物动词，意为“适合，合身”，

多指衣物、鞋子等尺寸大小合适。fit可用作形容词，常构成be fit for，意为“适于”。



This coat doesn’t fit you.

(2)suit意为“适合”，多指衣物等的颜色、款式、质地等适合，穿起来协调、好看；也指

合乎需要、口味、性格、条件和地位等。suit的形容词为suitable,be suitable for相

当于be fit for。

This coat doesn’t suit you.

(3)match表品质、颜色、设计等方面匹配，意为“与 相配”。

The doors were painted blue to match the walls

28. lie,lay辨析

(1)lie意为“躺”，过去式和过去分词分别为lay和lain。lie除了有“躺”的意思外，

还有“说谎”之意，其过去式和过去分词均为lied。

(2)lay意为“下蛋；放置”，其过去式和过去分词均为laid。

The boy who was lying under the tree lied to me that he had laid the box behind

the door.

29. find,found,founded辨析

(1)find发现，找到，为动词原形。

(2)found既是不规则动词find的过去式和过去分词，又是一个动词，意为“创建，创办”。

He has already found his watch.

(3)founded为动词found的过去式和过去分词。

The school was founded ten years ago.

30. on board,on the board,on the boards辨析

(1)on board泛指“在船上”，还可指“在飞机(火车、公共汽车等)上”。这个习语也可接

船名或船的类型(如：on board the Dongfeng在东风号上；on board a liner在邮轮上)。



(2)on the board除可表示“在(具体的)这艘或那艘船上”外，还可表示“在会上讨论”。



(3)on the boards中的boards是“舞台”的意思，其原义是“在舞台上”，现常引申为“做

演员”或“演出”，常用在连系动词be后作表语。

31. care about,care for,take care of辨析

(1)care about关心，在意，指由于某事重要，或是因责任所在而关心、在意，一般用于否

定句。

He doesn’t care about his clothes.

(2)care for喜欢，照顾。用作“喜欢”时，一般用于否定句或疑问句中。

I don’t really care for red wine.

(3)take care of照料，相当于look after。

Take care of yourself!

32complete,finish,end辨析

这三个词都可以用作动词，并且也全都有“结束，完成”的意思。虽意义相近，但用法上也

有一些区别。

(1)complete是较正式的用语，常常用于完成预定的任务、工程、建设等。

They haven’t completed the house yet.

(2)finish是最一般的用语，通常指结束日常活动，主要指圆满完成或结束自己着手的工作。

The man didn’t go to bed until he finished his work last night.

(3) end是指结束、终止某项活动，而不管这项活动是否达到所期望的结果，常用于讲话、

会议、演讲、战争等。

His speech ended at 4 o’clock.

33. besides,except,but辨析

三者都可以用作介词。

(1)用于肯定句时，except/but意为“除 外(不再有)”；besides意为“除 外(还

有)”。

请比较：All of them have seen the film except/but Wu Dong.

All of them have seen the film besides Wu Dong.

(2)except后接名词、代词、动词-ing或不定式时，可以与but互换；except后接副词、

介词短语时，一般不能用but替换。

34. because of,owing to,due to,as a result of,thanks to辨析

这些短语都可以表示原因，但用法不尽相同。

(1)because of因为，由于，在句中一般作状语，可置于句首或句末。

Because of illness,the boy did not go to school.

(2)owing to由于，因为，在句中通常作状语，其所引导的短语必须是修饰全句的，严格地

讲，置于句末时应用逗号和主句隔开，而because of 则不用。

(3)due to所引导的短语在句中一般作表语或定语，但在很多场合中可以与owing to通用。

He was injured due to (owing to) a car accident.

(4)as a result of由于 。

As a result of the war the lives of many people were lost.

(5)thanks to幸亏，由于，因为，它所引导的短语可以表达正面的意思(表示谢意)，也可

以用于讽刺。

Thanks to your rotten ideas,we went the long way.(含有讽刺的意味)

35. catch up with,keep up with辨析

(1)catch up with赶上，指从后面追上或改变落后的状况。

Tom caught up with the German girl.

(2)keep up with跟上，指齐步前进，并驾齐驱，不致落后或掉队。另外keep up with还

可以表示 “与 保持联系”的意思。

They tried to keep up with Britain in building ships.

36. take the place of,take one’s place辨析

(1)take the place of sb./sth.相当于

take sb.’s/sth.’s place,即“代替某人或某物”。

Tractors have now taken the place of horses and cows in most villages.

(2)take one’s place就位。

Take your place,please.We are about to start.

37. hurt,wound,injure辨析

(1)hurt既可以指肉体上的疼痛，也可以指精神上的伤害。

Don’t be afraid I won’t hurt you.

(2)wound一般指外伤，多指在战争中或战斗中所受的伤，常指刀伤或枪伤。

He got a deadly wound in the battle.

(3)injure指在意外事故中所受的伤。

Five passengers were injured in the accident.

38. certain,sure辨析

这两个词都有“确定”之意，在大多数情况下都可以互换，但也有不同之处。

(1)certain强调所指事情的无可争辩性，而sure用法比较随便。

(2)certain和sure的主语都可以为人，但certain还可用于“It is certain that...”

句式中，sure不能。

He is sure/certain that he can catch the train.

It is certain that he can catch the train.

39. know, recognize 辨析

(1)know认识，熟悉，是延续性动词，可以与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。

They have known each other for more than ten years.

(2)recognize认出，辨认出，是短暂性动词，表示通过视觉、听觉或嗅觉认出原来所熟悉

的人或物， 不能与表示一段时间的词连用。

She had changed so much that I couldn’t recognize her at the first sight.

40. gather,contain,include,collect辨析

这四个词都有“收集”的意思，但在意义及用法上有所不同。

(1)gather指把分散的东西集中在一个地方，例如收庄稼等。

She gathered her papers and books together.

(2)contain可用于表示包含所含之物的全部或部分。

 This book contains all the information you need.

(3)include只能用于表示所包含之物的一部分。 The price includes postage

charges.

(4)collect用来指为了一个特定的目的把东西仔细地挑选后收集起来，例如集邮等。

The boy enjoys collecting coins. 

41. burn down,burn out,burn up辨析

(1)burn down (火势)减弱；(被)焚毁。

(2)burn out烧尽，熄灭。

(3)burn up被烧掉(毁)；烧得更旺。

42. how often, how long, how far, how soon辨析

(1)how often有“多久一次”的意思，是对做某事的频率提问。对how often的回答一般

是：twice a year/three times a week。

(2)how long表示“时间多久或物体多长”，表示时间时侧重指“一段时间”。对how long

的回答一般是时间段，如for three days。

(3)how far是提问“路程有多远”，询问距离的，还可以表示程度。

(4)how soon表示“多久之后”，主要用来对表示将来的一段时间提问。对how soon的回

答一般是：in+时间段，如in two days/in five years。

43. alive,living辨析

这两个词都表示“活着的，有生命的”的意思，但用法有所不同。

(1)alive是表语形容词，放在系动词之后，不能放在它所修饰的名词之前。

He is the only man alive who could do it.

(2)living既可用作表语形容词，又可用作定语形容词，故可放在它所修饰的名词之前。

English is a living language.

(3)就使用场合而言，alive多用于人，用作比喻或强调时也用于物；living主要用作定语，

修饰人或物均可。就词性而言，alive 只能用作形容词，不能作名词；living既可作形

容词，又可作名词。

44. alone,lone,lonely辨析

(1)alone只表示“单独无伴”，不表示心理上的“孤独”，只能作表语或状语，不能作定

语。

(2)lone也表示“单独无伴”，只用作定语。

(3)lonely表示心理上的“孤独”或地点的“荒凉”。

He lived alone on a lonely island as a lone man.

45. loud,loudly,aloud辨析

(1)loud大声地，响亮地，修饰动词一般用loud而不用loudly，尤其是在非正式谈话中。

常与loud连用的动词有talk,laugh,speak,shout等。

(2)loudly高声地，有时可与loud通用，但更侧重 “喧闹”的意思。

Don’t talk so loud/loudly.

(3)aloud出声地，又有使声音被对方听到的意思，往往与read连用。

Please read the passage aloud.

46. cross,across,crossing辨析

(1)cross作动词用时，意思是“横过”。cross作名词用时，指“十字形的东西”。

They are crossing the river.

(2)across可作介词或副词，意为“横穿，横过”。

They pushed the cart across the bridge.

(3)crossing意为“十字路口，人行横道”。

They are standing at a crossing.

47. at a distance,in the distance辨析

(1)at a distance是“从远处”的意思，表示一定的距离、近距离或具体的距离，其不定

冠词a 有时可以省略或是改为some。

This picture looks better at a distance.

(2)in the distance表示“在远处”，强调距离之远。

We saw lights in the distance.

48. at any moment,at the moment,for a moment,for the moment,in a moment,the moment

辨析

(1)at any moment随时，任何时候，与at any time及at all times同义。

We can ask him for help at any moment.

(2)at the moment表示“现在，此刻”的意思，用于一般现在时，也可以说成at this moment,

相当于now/at present。

I am busy at the moment.

(3)for a moment片刻，一会儿。

The man was silent for a moment.

(4)for the moment目前，暂时。

For the moment he didn’t know what to say.

(5)in a moment立即，马上，表示现在或过去的动作即将发生的时间。

Hurry up,the film will start in a moment.

(6)the moment用来引导时间状语从句，意为“一 就 ”，相当于as soon as。

The moment I saw I knew that there was no hope.

49. cause, reason, excuse辨析

(1)cause意为“起因，原因”，指引起某种结果的必然原因，即主要事实方面的原因。 The cause of the fire was carelessness.

(2)reason意为“理由，原因”，指用以解释某些已发生的事情的理由或借口，这种理由可

能是也可能不是真正的理由，强调逻辑推理方面的理由。 Tell us your reason for

changing the plan.

(3)excuse指为免受指责或推卸责任而找的理由或辩解，也就是我们常说的“借口”。

Too much work is no excuse for absence.

50. journey, trip, travel, voyage辨析

(1)journey适用的范围较广，可指陆地、海上或空中的旅行，常用于表示长途或短途的常

规旅行。

(2)trip尤指短途旅行，可与make,take,go on等构成短语。

He went on a trip to the nearest seaside his holidays.

(3)travel泛指旅游，前面一般不用冠词，其复数形式多指旅行的经历。journey和trip

强调来回的往返性，而travel不侧重往返性，可为单程旅行。

I don’t believe we’ll be able to afford any travel.

(4)voyage指航海。

With a fair sea voyage and a fair land journey, you will be soon at his side.

51. affair,thing,matter,business辨析

(1)affair意为“事情，事件”，含义较广，泛指已做或待做的事；复数affairs一般指商

业事务及政府的日常事务，如财政管理、外交事务等。

Before going away,he arranged his business affairs.

(2)thing意为“事情，事物”，一般不能专指事务；复数things还可作“(个人的)所有物；

形势”解。

(3)matter侧重指需要留心的要事或问题、难题。

I could do nothing to help you since the matter has gotten into such a mess.

(4)business作“事务，事情”解时，一般不能用复数，也可以指所指派的任务、责任；或

是指派的工作或商业上的买卖活动。

Tom is the black sheep of his family. He has almost ruined his father’s business.

52. scene,scenery,sight,view辨析

(1)scene指展现在眼前的情景，也可指scenery的一部分，大多含景物中的人及活动在内。

The scene after the earthquake was horrible.

(2) scenery指某地总的自然风景或景色，尤指美丽的乡间景色。

Hangzhou is world-famous for its beautiful scenery.

(3)sight指场景、眼前看到的景观。该词也可以指名胜、风景，只是表达这层含义时，多

指某地特有的人工景观，且须用复数。

He had a chance to see the historical sights of London.

(4)view常指从远处或高处看到的部分景色。

There is a fine view of the mountain from our hotel.

53. clothes,cloth,clothing辨析

(1) clothes统指各种衣服，后面要接动词的复数形式。

(2)cloth指布，为不可数名词，但当表示特定用途的布时，如桌布、抹布等时为可数名词。

(3)clothing为服装的总称，指一件衣服用a piece of/an article of clothing表示。

54. luggage,baggage辨析

两者都表示“行李”，均是不可数名词。

(1)luggage属英式英语，是随身携带行李的总称。

(2)baggage属美式英语，是各种行李的总称。询问行李的多少，应用how much引导疑问句；指行李的件数时，应用piece或article表示。

two pieces of luggage/baggage 两件行李

How much baggage/luggage does she have? 她有多少行李？

55. official,officer辨析

(1)official常指政府官员，行政官员，高级职员。

the government officials政府官员

(2)officer常指穿着特别制服的官员(军官、武官等)。

officers of state (政府各部)部长

on horseback骑着马

on the horseback在马背上

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