Market research on fertilizers used in malaysia

MARKET RESEARCH

On

FERTILIZERS USED IN MALAYSIA

Complied by:

CHANG KOCK SHONG

MEI ZONG QUAN

NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Abstract---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 Acknowledgments---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5Preface--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6Abbreviations--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7

1. Introduction-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8

Background---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8Farming and cropping systems----------------------------------------------------------------------------10

2. Agro-ecological zones------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11

Soil------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11West or Peninsular Malaysia------------------------------------------------------------------------------13East Malaysia------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16

3. The fertilizer sector---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------20

Global fertilizer supply situations-------------------------------------------------------------------------20Mineral fertilizer---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------21Organic fertilizer----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------21Production and Marketing

Imports and exports

Industrial crops-------------------------------------------------------------------------21-------------------------------------------------------------------------------224. Fertilizer consumption by crop---------------------------------------------------------------------------24-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------24Fruit crops-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------29Vegetable crops-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------29Cash crops-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------30Spices----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------305. Profitability of fertilizer use------------------------------------------------------------------------------31

Profitability---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------31Availability----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------32Lack of credit-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------32Fertilizer and crop prices------------------------------------------------------------------------326. The future of fertilizer use-------------------------------------------------------------------------------33References-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------36Annexes---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------36

1. Fertilizer use recommendation----------------------------------------------------------------------372. Crop names-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------383. Fruit crops--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------39

4. Vegetable crops--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------445.Cash crops, spices and other crops-----------------------------------------------------------------486.Local farmer’s interview report--------------------------------------------------------------------50

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4. Agro-ecological regions of Peninsular MalaysiaDominant soil map of MalaysiaAgro-ecological regions of SarawakMarketing and distribution channel of fertilizers in Malaysia

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9. Production of agricultural commodities, 2000 - 2010Agricultural land use, 2000 – 2010Matrix of suitable and marginally suitable crops recommended Summary of the characteristic of the AEZ of SarawakGlobal fertilizer Supply/Demand balanceFertilizer imports (‘000 tonnes, million RM)Fertilizer nutrient consumption by crop groups (‘000 tonnes)Rubber: planted are and average yieldOil-palm: planted area and average FFB yieldfor cultivation in States of Malaysia

10. Coconut: planted area and yield

11. Paddy: planted area and average yield

12. Cocoa: planted area and yield

13. Tobacco: planted area and yield

14. Rubber: estimated fertilizer use

15. Oil-palm: estimated fertilizer use

16. Coconut: estimated fertilizer use

17. Paddy: estimated fertilizer use

18. Cocoa: estimated fertilizer use

19. Tobacco: estimated fertilizer use

20. Summary of fertilizer use: industrial crops

21. Fruit crops: summary of total fertilizer use

22. Vegetable crops: summary of total fertilizer use

23. Cash crops: summary of fertilizer use

24. Spices: summary of total fertilizer use

25. Key average exchange rate

26. Fertilizer prices (RM) in December 2003 per 50 kg bag of selected fertilizer products in various states

27. Crop fertilizer price ratios* in 2003 for selected fruit and vegetable crops

Agriculture has played a vital role in the development of modern Malaysia and continues to make a significant contribution to the national economy. The plantation sector, especially oil-palm, still leads the world in terms of vegetable oil production and Research &Development (R&D). Currently, Malaysia isthe world's leading palm oil producer and is also thethird largest producer of natural rubber. In 2004, the Malaysian Governmenthas declared the agriculture sector as the third engine of growth.

The government's policy towards agriculture focuses on increasing production in order to achieve food self-sufficiency and to develop exports in an efficient and more competitive manner. For the crops sector, this effectively means expansion and/or intensification of cultivation, resulting in an increased need for a more efficient usage of agricultural inputs, particularly mineral fertilizers.

Malaysia imports most of its fertilizer requirements but exports large quantities of urea fertilizer.The government provides subsidies to smallholder farmers for the purchase of fertilizers, through farmers' associations. Owing to the large number of distributors and companies involved in the fertilizer trade, fertilizers are accessible to farmers in all parts of the country, at highly competitive rates.

Oil-palm is the crop that consumes by far the largest quantity of fertilizer in Malaysia, as a result of the large area designated for oil-palm growth, both in plantations and under the smallholders' management system. Other factors include the palm's high requirements for potassium and phosphorus fixation by the mainly acidic soils of the country.

The use of organic fertilizers is also increasing, especially in vegetable farms, for environmental reasons and as a result of consumer concern pertaining to hazards from mineral fertilizers.

1.Mr Chang Kock Shong

MSc TIP (Chinese) Program Candidate

Nanyang Technopreneurship Center, Nanyang Technological University (Singapore)

2.Mr Mei Zong Quan

MSc TIP (Chinese) Program Candidate

Nanyang Technopreneurship Center, Nanyang Technological University (Singapore)

3.Data and maps for this report were obtained from various government agencies including the

Ministry Of Agriculture And Agro-based Industry, Departments of Agriculture of Peninsular Malaysia and the Department of Statistics.

This study, commissioned by the MSc Technopreneurship & Innovation Program candidate of the Nanyang Technopreneurship Center of Nanyang Technological University, is one of thecase study projects during the internship semester.

The aim of this casestudy is to examine the agro-ecological conditions, structure of farming, cropping patterns, availability and usage of mineral and organic plant nutrients, economics of fertilizers, research and advisory requirements and many other contributing factors leading to the present fertilizer usage pattern.

Mr. Mei Zongquan

Email: meimei285156@http://www.77cn.com.cn

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