初中英语情态动词语法详解

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情态动词是一种自身有必定的词义,透露表现措辞人的感情、态度或与语气的动词,但不克不及独自作谓语,只能和其他动词本相构成谓语。

中考关于情态动词的考查次要有以下几点:

1.can,may,must 等情态动词在陈说句中的用法;

2.含有情态动词的疑问句的答复;

3.差别情态动词的否认意义也差别;

4.情态动词的主动语态;

5.情态动词易混点归结;

6.情态动词例题解析;

7.情态动词特点。

01

can,may,must 等情态动词在陈说句中的用法

can的用法

1.透露表现本领、答应、大概性。透露表现本领时一样平常译为能、会,即有种本领,尤其是生来具备的本领,此时may和must均不成替代它。

She can swim fast, but I cant. 她能游得很快,但我不克不及。

I can see with my eyes. 我用眼睛看。

2.透露表现答应,常在书面语中。

You can use my dictionary.你可以用我的字典。

3.透露表现猜测,意为大概,经常使用于否认句和疑问句中,此时cant 译为不成能。

Can the news be true? 这个动静会是真的吗?

Can it be our teacher?阿谁人有多是我们教师吗?

No, it cant be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall.不成能。咱们教师正在游览长城呢。

I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go there.

No. She __be there, I have just been there.

A.cant B.mustnt C.neednt D.wouldnt

按照下文我刚去过那儿可知,应为 不成能,cant透露表现猜测。答案为A。

could的用法

1.can的过来式,意为 能、会,透露表现过来的本领。

He could write poems when he was 10.

他十岁时就会写诗。

2.could在疑问句中,透露表现委婉的语气,此时 could没有过来式的意思。

Could you do me a favour? 你能帮我个忙吗?

Could I use your pen? 我能用一下你的钢笔吗?

Yes, you can.可以。(注意答复)

may的用法

1.透露表现哀求、答应,比can正式。

May I borrow your bike?

我可以借你的自行车吗?

You may go home now.

目下当今你可以回家了。

_______ I borrow your MP3?

Sure . Here you are.

A. May B.Should C.Must D. Would

在此处透露表现哀求,意为 做可以吗。答案:A

2.透露表现猜测,评论辩论大概性,意为大概,大概,一样平常用于必定句中。

It may rain tomorrow. 来日诰日大概会下雨。

She may be at home. 她大概在家呢。

3.may的过来式为might,透露表现猜测时。大概性低于may。

He is away from school. He might be sick.

他分开黉舍了,多是他抱病了。

4.透露表现但愿、祈求、祝愿,常可译为祝愿。一般为用may +主+V

May you have a good time. 祝你过得高兴。

May you be happy!祝你幸福!

May you succeed!祝你成功!

must的用法

1.must透露表现主观观点,意为必需、必定。

You must stay here until I come back.在我返来之前你必需呆在这儿。

Must I hand in my homework right now? 我必需目下当今交功课吗?

2.其否认方式mustnt透露表现 必定不要 、千万别、禁止,不准。

You mustnt play with fire.你不准玩火。

You mustnt be late. 你必定不要迟到。

3.对must引导的疑问句,必定答复为must,否认答复为neednt或dont have to.

Must I finish my homework?我目下当今必需完成功课吗?

No, you neednt.不,你不用。

4.must透露表现有掌握的猜测,用于必定句。

The light is on,so he must be at home now.灯亮着,他目下当今必定在家。

5.注意其反意问句的构成方式:

当must透露表现必定的断定、猜测时,其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成。

She must have seen the film before,hasnt she?注意反意疑问句的后半局部

You must have met uncle Wang in the shop yesterday,didnt you? 注意反意疑问句的后半局部

need的用法

1.need透露表现必要、必需,次要用于否认句和疑问句中,其否认方式为neednt,意为没有必要,不用。

用need发问时,必定答复为must,否认答复为neednt或dont have to。

Need I stay here any longer? 我还有必要留在这儿吗?

Yes,you must.是的。

No.you neednt /dont have to. 不,你不用。

2.need还可以作实义动词,此时有人称、数和时态的变革,假如是人作主语后边多接动词不定式。

I need to do it right now.我必要顿时做这件事。

He needs to learn more about the girl.他必要多懂得阿谁女孩。

假如是物作主语,一样平常用need doing与need to be done,这种环境下应注意两点:

1主动方式的动名词doing具有主动的寄义;

2该动名词可以改成其动词不定式的主动方式而句子的意义不变。

The door needs painting.=The door needs to be painted. 那扇门必要油漆一下。

Your car needs mending.=Your car needs to be repaired. 你的车必要维修了。

dare的用法

dare意为敢、敢于, 用法近似于need,有两种词性:

1.dare 作为情态动词,多用于否认句、疑问句或条件句中,无第三人称双数方式,只有一样平常目下当今时和一样平常过来时。

Dare he tell them what he knows? 他敢报告他们所知道的环境吗?

I darent ask her,will you do it for me? 我可不敢问她,你能帮我问问吗?

2.dare 作为实义动词,此时有人称、数及时态的变革。

He doesnt dare to break his promise.他不敢食言。

注意:在书面语中,dare 的各类方式常与不带to 的不定式连用。

如:Do you dare tell her what I said?你敢报告她我说的话吗?

I didnt dare look at him.我不敢看他。

shall的用法

shall透露表现征求对方定见(多用于第1、三人称)。

如:Shall we go out for a walk? 我们出去散步好吗?

英语中,我们可以用其他多种体式格局提出我们的倡议或征求对方定见。

1.用Lets do...来提出倡议。

如:Lets go for a walk after supper.

2.用What/How about...?来提出倡议;about后接名词或动词ing方式。

如:What about/How about a drink? What about/How about taking Tom with us?

3.用Why not...?来提出倡议,透露表现何不not面后接动词本相。

Why not...?其实是Why dont you/we...?的大略方式。

如:Why not meet at the school gate at eight? Why dont we stay here another day?

4.用Would you like...?来提出倡议,意思是你想要吗?Would you like后可接名词或不定式。

如:Would you like a cup of tea? Would you like to go and see her?

因此,假如我们说:去游泳好吗?英语中可有这样几种表达法:

Shall we go for a swim?

Lets go for a swim,shall we?

What about/How about going swimming?

Why not go for a swim?

Would you like to go for a swim?

What do you think of going for a swim?

should的用法

1.should 意为该当,可透露表现奉劝、倡议、义务、责任等。如:We should protect the environment. 我们该当维护环境。

2.Should have done 透露表现对过来举措的叱责、攻讦。

如:You should have finished your homework.

你该当曾经完成功课了。(事实上你没有完成。)

will的用法

will透露表现意愿、意志、计划,可用于多种人称。

如:I will help you if Im free this afternoon.本日下战书假如我有空,我就会帮你。

注意:1.will在there be句型中的方式及其句式变更。

由于一样平常将来时的布局可以用will+动词本相来透露表现,所以there be句型的一样平常将来时的方式就是there will be。(必定不克不及说there will have)

比方:There are many students in our school. There will be many students in our school.

There will be a sports meeting next week. 必定不克不及说:There will have a sports meeting next week.

2.will 与be going to do sth差别:

1be going to 透露表现近期、眼下就要发作的工作,will 透露表现的将来时间则较远一些。

He is going to write a letter tonight.He will write a book one day.

2be going to 透露表现按照主观断定将来必定发作的工作,will透露表现客观大将来必将发作的工作。

He is seriously ill.He is going to die.He will be twenty years old.

3be going to 含有筹划,筹办的意思,而 will 则没有这个意思。

如:She is going to lend us her book.He will be here in half an hour.

4在有条件从句的主句中,一样平常不必be going to, 而多用will。如:If any beasts comes at you, Ill stay with you and help you.

had better的用法

had better意为最好,没有人称的变革,背面接不带to的不定式,其否认方式为:had better not。

如:We had better go now. 我们最好目下当今就走。

You had better not give the book to him.你最好不要把这本书给他。

02

含有情态动词的疑问句的答复

1.对may引出的问句,可以有下列答复体式格局:

Yes,you may.

Yes,of course.

Yes,certainly.

Sure.

No,you mustnt. No, you cant.

2.对must引出的疑问句,答复体式格局为:

Yes,must.

No,neednt/ dont have to.

3.could在疑问句中,透露表现委婉的语气,此时 could 没有过来式的意思。

Could you do me a favour? 你能帮我个忙吗?

Could I use your pen? 我能用一下你的钢笔吗?

Yes,you can.可以。(注意答复)

4.shall引出的疑问句用于第一人称,透露表现征求对方定见或客气的哀求。其答复体式格局有以下几种:

Yes,please.

All right.

No,thank you.

5.would you的答复体式格局有以下几种:

Yes,I will. No, I wont.

Sure. Im sorry , I cant.

All right/ OK/ With pleasure.

Certainly. No, thank you .

Yes, please.

Would you do me a favour and pass on my thanks to Lily? ________.

A.Thats right B.With pleasure

C.It doesnt matter D.No trouble

A. 意为对了 ,B.意为 甘愿答应效劳, C. 意为 不妨事 D.意为不费事。答案为B。

03

差别情态动词的否认意义也差别

1.can的否认式cant

1cant可译为不会,如:I cant play basketball. 我不会打篮球。

2当句子表猜测时,用cant 表达不成能,如:He cant be ill.He is playing chess with Tom.他不成能病了,他正和Tom下棋呢。

3cant 还可用来答复 May I? 这样的问句。如:May I come in ? 我可以出去吗?No, you mustnt. / cant. 不,你不克不及。

4cant 还可用于固定习语中。cant help doing 不由得,不由自主 cant wait to do sth 火烧眉毛如:She cant help crying. 她不由大哭起来。The children cant wait to open the box. 孩子们火烧眉毛地想翻开盒子。

2.may的否认式为may not,译成 大概不,如:He may not be at home. 他大概不在家。

3.must的否认式mustnt

1mustnt透露表现不准,不成。

如:He mustnt leave his room.他不准分开他的房间。

You mustnt talk in class. 你们不成以在课上措辞。

2mustnt也可用于以may透露表现要求时的否认答复中。

如:May I stand here?我可以站在这里吗?

No, you mustnt cant.不,不可。

4.need的否认式neednt

1neednt 意为不用。如:You neednt meet him unless youd like to.你不必要见他,除非你愿意。

2neednt+have+动词的过来分词,表不必要完成但已完成的举措,暗含时间或精力上的华侈。

如:You neednt have bought it. 你不必买它(但你却买了)。

5.shouldnt透露表现不该该。

如:You shouldnt feel so unhappy over such little things. 关于这种大事,你不该该感触这么不欢快。

04

情态动词的主动语态

含有情态动词的主动语态的布局为:情态动词+be+done动词的过来分词。

做题时要分身情态动词和主动语态这两个方面。

如:You neednt get up so early every day.你不用每天都起这么早。

She shouldnt speak to her mother in that way.她不该该用那种体式格局和妈妈措辞。

More and more trees must be planted in China.在中国必需种植更多的树木。

Many of the stars can not be seen because they are far away from us.很多星星我们都看不到,因为它们离我们太远了。

1.情态动词+动词本相透露表现对目下当今的猜测。

1can透露表现猜测时一样平常用于否认句或疑问句。

如:That man cant be her husbandshe is still single.

Who is knocking at the door?Can it be the postman?

2must透露表现必定的猜测,一样平常用于必定句中。

如:He must be in his office now.

Mr Li must be working now,for the lights in his office are still on.

3might透露表现猜测时纷歧定是may的过来时,只是透露表现其大概性较小。

如:The man may be the headmaster.

Where is Mr Li?

He might be working in his office.

May Mr Li come?

He might not come here.

4Could透露表现猜测时,语气can比要弱,措辞者留不足地。

如:Could it be an animal?

It could not be,because it is not moving.

5Should透露表现猜测的大概性比拟大,仅比must的大概性 小一点。如:It is already 10 oclock now they should be there.

2.情态动词透露表现对过来大概发作的举措或存在过的举措的猜测性用法。

1must +have done/been透露表现过来必定发作过某事或存在过某种状态,不必于musnt+have方式。

如:She must have seen the film before,hasnt she?注意反意疑问句的后半局部

You must have met uncle Wang in the shop yesterday,didnt you? 注意反意疑问句的后半局部

2should +have done /been透露表现本该当做某事,而实际上并无做;

shouldnt+完成式透露表现原本不该当作,而实际上却做了。以上布局常带有措辞者的叱责的豪情色彩。

如:You should have finished your homework earlier but in fact you did not finish it on time.

You shouldnt have gone to bed when you woke up at five but in fact you went to bed again then.

3neednt+完成式透露表现原本没有必要做某事,而实际上却做了。如:There was plenty of time.She neednt have hurried.

4cant /couldnt+have done /been透露表现过来不成能发作了某事或存在过某种状态。

如:I saw him just now.He cant have gone to Japan.

She said the man couldnt have stolen her car.

5could+have done/been透露表现过来原本可以或许,可以做某事或成为某种状态,而实际上没有,措辞者有些遗憾。could sb. have done /been-------?是它的问句方式。

如:You could have stayed with the Smiths while you were in New York but in fact you stayed in a nearby hotel. Could Mr Li have helped this girl student?

6may/might+完成式透露表现过来大概,原本可以于某事而实际上没有干,might的大概性较小,语气较弱。

如:He may have finished reading the book.

She might have given you some help,however bus she was.

05

情态动词易混点归结

易混点一:can和be able to

二者透露表现本领时用法不异,但can只有本相can和过来式could两种方式,在其他时态中 要用be able to 来透露表现。别的be able to 经常指颠末积极,耗费了时间和劳力之后才干做到某事。

Jim cant speak English.吉姆不会说英语。

He could speak English at 5. 他五岁时就会说英语。

Well be able to see him next week.下星期我们将访问到他。

He has been able to drive. 他曾经会开车了。

Im sure youll be able to finish it quickly.我相信你能疾速地完成。

We were able to reach the top of the mountain at noon.我们能在半夜抵达山顶。

易混点二:can和may

1.can 和 may 都可用来征求定见大概可,意为可以, 一样平常可交换使用。如:Can/ May I help you ? 我能帮忙你吗?

2.can 和may 透露表现大概性时的差别:

1在必定句顶用 might,may,must,不必can

2在疑问句中透露表现猜测用can,不必 might,may,must

3在否认句顶用cant(不成能), 不必 may, must。如:She may be in the classroom . 她大概在教室里。Where can they be now? 他们目下当今大概在哪儿?That cant be true. 那不成能是真的。

易混点三:may be 和maybe

may be的may为情态动词,be为动词本相,在句中作谓语;

maybe是副词,意思为大约、大概,相当于perhaps,用在句首,作状语。

比方:He may be wrong,but Im not sure. 大概他错了,但我也不断定。

易混点四:cant 和 mustnt

1.cant 按照其根本用法可译为:

1不会。如:I cant speak English . 我不会说英语。

2不克不及。如:We cant do it now because its too dark.天太黑了,我们目下当今干不了。

3否认句中透露表现猜测。不成能,如:The man cant be our teacher because he is much younger than our teacher. 阿谁人不成能是咱们教师,他年轻很多。

2.mustnt 意为 禁止、不准, 用来表达饬令,透露表现激烈的语气。

You mustnt play football in the street. Its too dangerous.

你不成以在街上踢足球,太风险了。

易混点五:must 和 have to

1.must 侧重于小我私家意志和主观上的必要。have to 侧重于客观上的必要,可用于目下当今时、过来时和将来时。

I know I must study hard.我知道我必需积极学习。

My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the mid-night.我弟弟病得锋利,我只得半夜里把大夫请来。

I havent got any money with me,so Ill have to borrow some from my friend.我身上没带钱,只好向伴侣借点了。

He said they must work hard.他说他们必需积极工作。

2.have to可以用于多种时态;而must只用于一样平常目下当今或将来。

如:The composition is due to hand in this morning, so I had to finish it last night. 作文本日早晨到期,因此我不能不今天晚上完成。

易混点六:used to do/be used to doing/be used to do/be used for doing sth

used to do透露表现过来经常发作的举措,强调过来,只用于过来,注意用to do,不必doing方式;而be used to doing意为风俗做,be可有各类时态;be used to do意为被使用去做 为主动语态方式;be used for doing sth用作 。

如:My father used to eating meat.我父亲过来起床晚,但目下当今不能不早起了。

She is used to eating meat.她风俗吃肉。

He wasnt used to eating in a restaurant.他不风俗在饭馆吃饭。

A knife can be used for cutting things.刀可以用来割工具 A knife can be used to cut things.刀可以用来割工具

06

情态动词例题解析

1.________ you pass me a pen? Id like to write down the phone number.

Sure. Here it is.

A. Can B. Need C. Might D. Must

由题干可知,本句透露表现哀求、答应。答案:A。

2.May I go to the cinema, mum?

Certainly, but you ________ be back by 11 oclock.

A. can B. may C. must D. need

由题意可知, 此处并不是表猜测的用法, 而是妈妈对孩子提出的要求, 故选C, 意为必需。答案:C。

3.You ______ get there by bus.

A.dont need B.neednt to C.dont need to D.need dont to

由选项A 可知need为实义动词,故应加上to才正确。选项 B的neednt为情态动词,应去掉to,故选 C。

4.You _______ worry about me. Its nothing serious.

A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. wont

由题干Its nothing serious可揣度,第一句意为你不用为我担忧,故选C。本题易错选B, mustnt 意为禁止,故不正确。答案:C。

5.Excuse me.Is this the right way to the Summer Please?

Sorry, Im not sure. But it _______ be.

A. might B.mustnt C.cant D.must

考查情态动词might 表猜测的用法。Im not sure 阐明措辞者的语气其实不必定,所以要用might。答案:A

6.The man in the office___be Mr. Black, because he went home just now.

A.mustnt B.may not C.cant D.neednt

由下文 he went home just now可知,作者断定办公室里阿谁人(不成能是Mr.Black。mustnt意为千万别,may not意为大概不,neednt意为不用。cant意为不成能,故选C。

07

情态动词特点

情态动词无人称和数的变革,情态动词背面跟的动词须用本相,否认式构成是在情态动词背面加 not。

个体情态动词有目下当今式和过来式两种方式,过来式用来表达加倍客气,委婉的语气,时态性不强,可用于过来,目下当今或将来。情态动词属非及物动词,故没有主动语态。

He could be here soon.他很快就来。

We cant carry the heavy box.我们搬不动那箱子。

Im sorry I cant help you.对不起,我帮不上你。

1.根本助动词与情态助动词最次要的差别之一是:

根本助动词自身没有词义,而情态助动词则有本人的词义,能透露表现措辞人对有关举措或状态的观点,或透露表现主观假想:

What have you been doing since? (构成完成进行体,自身无词义)

I am afraid I must be going. (必定要)

You may have read some account of the matter. (大概曾经)

2.除此之外,情态助动词还有如下词法和句法特征:

1除ought和used以外,其他情态动词背面只能接不带to的不定式。

假如我们把ought to和used to看做是固定词组的话,那么,所有情态动词无一例外地只能接不带to的不定式:

We used to grow beautiful roses.我们过来经常种这种标致的玫瑰花。

I asked if he would come and repair my television set.我问他是不是来修我的电视机。

2情态助动词在限定动词词组总是位居第一:

They need not have been punished so severely.

3情态助动词用于第三人称双数目下当今时的时候,没有词形变革,即其词尾无-s方式:

She dare not say what she thinks.

4情态动词没有非限定方式,即没有不定式和分词方式,也没有相应的动名词:

Still,she neednt have run away.

5情态助动词的时的方式并非时间差别的次要标记。在很多场所,情态助动词的目下当今时和过来时方式都可以透露表现目下当今、过来或将来时间:

Would you mind very much if I ask you to do something?

She told him he ought not to have done it.

6情态助动词之间是彼此排斥的,即在一个限定动词词组中只能呈现一个情态助动词,但有时却可以与have和be根本助动词连用:

You should have washed the wound.

Well,you shouldnt be reading a novel.

7情态动词must一样平常疑问句否认答复用neednt

Must I read books every day?

No,you neednt.

08

罕见情态动词用法

1.cancould透露表现措辞人能,可以,同意,答应,以及客观条件答应,could为can的过来式。

2.Must必需,该当,必定,准是,透露表现措辞人认为有必要做某事,饬令,要求他人做某事以及对事物的猜测。

must 用来指一样平常目下当今时和一样平常将来时, 过来式可用 have to 的过来式替代。

must + have + 过来分词,透露表现目下当今对过来事物的猜测。

must 和 have to 的差别:must 透露表现措辞人的主观思想,have to 透露表现客观必要。

3.need是一个情态动词,它的用法完全和其他情态动词一样,但need还可当作实义动词使用,这时候need就像其他动词一样,有第三人称,单单数,背面加带to的动词等特性。

neednt+have+过来分词透露表现过来做了不必做的工作。

4.dare除用作情态动词外,更多的是当实义动词使用,用法同实义动词一样,要考虑人称,单单数,时态等。

5.ought该当,该当。背面跟带有to的动词不定式。

ought + to have done句型。指过来举措,透露表现一件工作该做而未做。

ought not to have done 句型。透露表现一件不应做的工作却做了。

6.will would决心,愿望。would为will的过来式,will,would用于疑问句透露表现措辞人向对方提出哀求或询问,用would比will更婉转,客气。

7.Shall、should 透露表现饬令,告诫,承诺,征求,奉劝,倡议,诧异。

8.have to,不能不,必需,透露表现客观条件只能如此,而must则透露表现主观思想。

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