北京市研究生英语学位课统考(GET)真题2010年1月_GETJAN0310

PART 11 VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points ) Section A (0.5 point each) Directio1Js: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and. D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet. 2 1. Those prisoners at concentration camps were exhausted fromA. recenta生旦旦旦 lack

B. acute

C. constant

of food. D. severe

22. A winner achieves his goal without hurting others or fomoromisin!! his beliefs and convlct1 ons. A. changing B. endangering C. submitting D. composing 23. Failure is the direct result of poor self-esteem and the~nticipation of failure.A. elimination

B. designation

C. elevation

D. expectation

24. The governmen t' s full public disclosure of the decision only~豆豆lled the chorus of protests. A. checked B. diminished C. intensified D. retrieved 25. Their house was in close匹旦旦缸ωours, so we becàme intimate仕iends in time. A. vicinity26.Rβsidents

B. contact

C. relation

D. community

in big cities in China tend to生旦旦旦旦f some old furniture when moving. A. get possession of B. get rid of C. hold on to D. keep track of 27. This is a love that旦E坦革卫11. from friendship and blossomed into marriage. A. diverged B. separated C. distinguished D.originated 28. This hard-working couple w出 A. by the让 own efforts C. in their own interestsableωput

their two

sons也rough college Qn their own. B. in their own way D. in their own light

29. Obama's high-profile failure to win the Olympics for Chicago could feed negative nipping at his heels.A. attitudes

!!主E盟主豆豆

B. accounts

C. impacts

D. responses

30. Individual g。对s have to且t i旦旦血 the family or business goals as a whole. A. be converted into B. be superior to C. be in accord with D. be different from Section B (0.5 point each) Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.

A喃4

Choos e. onè word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark thè corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.

3 1. 1 often wonder why some people won't do what it一一一一 to be successfu l. A. involves B. means C. takes D. likes 32. The short story about the missing personnel during the civil war was adapted into a(n) movle. A. winning-award B. award-winning C. won-award D. award-won 33. A person can explain his professional goals一一_ position, prestige or income. A. in terms of B. in case of C. in view of D. in honor of 34. Fear is the most destructive force in the world, for it一一一一_ motivation and creativity. A. clutches B. cripples C. compels D. conceives 35. There

is some reason for not giving up my career and一一一一_ a different one. A. taking in B. bringing about C. arising from D. embarking on 36. Finally she decided to do A. with. ..i n C. abou t.. .aboutsomething一一一一 the

咽，

thing she disliked一一_ herself. B. to.. .for D. fo r. ..by of what happens to her_ C. commitments D. simulations

37. The self-image controls a person's attitudes A. interpretations B. approaches

or一一一_

38_ By the year 2040, Yale University will need over eight acres of land to一一一 its library. A. manipulate B. accommodate C. illuminate D.obligate 39. Ifyou don't know where you're going in life, you征e一一一_ to wind up somewhere else. A. possible B. inevitable C. optional D.liable 40. As far as marriage is concemed, it is mutual care and love that一一一一· A. mounts B. discounts C. counts D. calculates PART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each) Directions: There are 10 questionsín thís part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen wíth a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet. Researchers produced evidence to support what most of us already knew一 that a cup of tea is the answer to any crisis. Dr. Malcolm Cross, a psychologist at City University London, tested the anxiety levels of a group of people followinga一一主L一_

situation and revealed that even a single cup of tea has aA-5

主主一_

calming effect. His te缸n gave 42 volunteers a mental arithmetic exam and一一且2 offered half of them a cup of tea and the other half a glass of water. The water group's anxiety

levels soared一一且全一_ 25 percent compared to before the ta:sk,一一丘主一_ the tea group actually reported a four percent reduction in anxiety一 despite the difficult test, they were more rel缸ed than when they started. According to a su凹ey carried out for the research, 68 percent of Britons一丘豆一一 tea in a dilemma, making it the nation's most common response to trouble of一一圣王一_ kind. About 60 percent said the promise of comfort and warmth was the main reason for putting the kettle on."The一一兰主一_兰旦一_

of making and drinking tea -- particularly during times of stress -- is at the一一豆豆一_

ve可

of British culture," Cross said. This study shows that the social psychological chemical make-up on our bodies and brains. B. seriOlis B. rigorous B. afterwards B. in B. however B. owe to B. whatever B. function B. moment B. faces

of tea enhance the effects of its

4 1. A. light-hearted 42. A. significant 43. A. previously 44. A. on 45 . A. while 46. A. give up 47. A. whichever 48. A. ceremony 49. A. beginning 50. A. aspects

C. comfortable C. severe C. besides C. by C. meanwhile C.look on C. however C. ritua

l C. end C. sites

D. stressful D. selective tely D. at D. nevertheless D. tum to D. whoever D. observance D. core D. ways

PART IV READING CO岛fPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each) Directions: In this part ofthe test, there are five short passages. Read each passage caTiφtlly, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer from the four choices given and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet. Passage One From the goose that laid the golden egg to the race between the tortoise and the hare, Aesop's fables are known for teaching moral lessons rather than literallybeing佐ue.

But a new study says

at least one such tale might really have happened. It' s the fable about a thirsty crow. The bird comes across a jar with the water level too low for him to reach. The crow raises the water level by dropping stones into the jar. The moral tells: Little by little does the trick, or in other retellings, necessity is the mother of invention. Now, scientists report that some relatives of crows called rooks used the same

A-6

stone-dropping strategy to get at a floating worm. Results of experiments with three birds were published online by the joumal Current Biology. Rooks, like crows, had already been shown to use tools in previous experiments. Christopher Bird of Cambridge University and a colleague exposed the rooks to a 6-inch-tall clear plastic tube containing water, with a worm on its surface. The birds used the stone-dropping trick montaneously and appeared to estimate how many stones they would need. They leamed quickly that larger stones work better. ln an ac∞mpanying commentary, Alex Taylor and Russell Gray of the University of Auckland in New Zealand noted也at in an earlier experiment,出es缸ne birds had dropped a singlesωne

into a tube

ωget

strategy againpap町 argued

when由βy

food released at the bottom. So maybe they were just following that saw也e tube in the new experiment, the scientists suggested. But Bird's

there's moreωit: The rooks dropped multiple stones rather than just one before reaching for the worm, and they reached for it at the top of the tube rather than trying to reach出e food at the bottom. The researchers also said Aesop's crow miglit have actually been a rook, since both kinds of birds were called crows in the pas t. 51. Wh at is the main idea of也is passage? A. An imals are sm征ter than we have expected. B. Aesop's fables tell real morals. c.Necessity is the mother of invention. S D. Some of Aesop's fables may be位ue. 52. Aesop's fables have been popular for such a long time because也可一一一一一 A. tell us the truth of nature B. tell us interesting stories of animals C. are teachings'oflife D. are scientific literature 53. In the experiments, in order to eat the worm floating A. found a way to raise the water level B. broke the tube with larger stones C. counted how man

y stones they would need D. cooperated peacefullyon也e

water surface, the rooks

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54. According to Alex Taylor and Russell Gray, it seems that rooks一一一一一一· A. tend to follow the others' strategy B. can remember their former strategy C. can change strategy in different situations D. seldom use the s缸ne strategy in experiments 55. According to the passage, crows and rooks一一一一ι一­ A. are the s缸ne kind of birds with different n缸nes in behavior C. had the s创nen缸ne in the pastB.缸'e veηdi旺erent

D. were both used in the experiments 56. The word"spontaneously" (Paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to"一一一一一" A. surely B. naturally C. voluntarily D. quickly Passage Two Too much eating. Too many unhealthy foods. Too many advertisements for food. Too little act1 vlty. Different explanations are offered for America's weight problem -- a problem increasingly shared by other countries. Almost one-fifth of American children and teenagers are overweight. Schools have been urged to increase physical education, an important tool for public health. And many have. Yet now comes a study showing an increase in the number of injuries in physical education class. Injuries increased 150% between 1997 and 2007. The study involved i时 uries treated in hospital eme电ency departments. Only 2% were serious. The researchers did not町 to identify the causes of the increase, but they have some theories. Lara McKenzie from Ohio State University was the lead researcher. She says one possibility is a decrease in the number of school nurses during the period they studied. For example, a 2004 study showed that the number of school nurses nationally failed to meet federal guidelines. Schools without a nurse on duty may be more likelyωsend an injured child to a hospital. Another possible reason for more injuries is a change in the traditional idea of physical education. This"New P.E." expands the kinds of sports也at are taught. But activities that some schools offer now, like rock climbing walls and skateboardi吨， can also expand the risks, says Cheryl Ri chardson. She is with the National Association for Sport and Physical Education. Also, she says not all states require P.E. teachers to be specially trained. Untrained teachers could be less likely to recognize unsafe conditions. Cheryl Richardson also points to one of the study's findings -- that injuries are often theA-8

result of contact with a person or a structure. This tells her that也e teachers were not giving each student enough space to move around safely. Six activities produced 70% of all and gymnastics. The researcherss町 larger i时 uries:

running, basketball, football, volleyball, socceri时 uries.

class sizes are another possible reason for the increase insupe凹ision .

Larger classes can mean less

The National Association for Sport and Physical

Education says 20 to 30 students in a P.E. class should be the limit. 57. Overweigh

t problem is一一一一一· A. not common outside the United States of America B. also a headache in other countries

C. caused by too many advertisements for foodD. neglected in many countries 58. The increase of physical education一一一一一· A. has reduced the number of overweight children B.is出em句 or

cause of i时 uìies of children in the U.S.

c. has more disadvantages than advantagesD. has caused more injuries in school 59. It is implied in Lara McKenzie's study that一一一一一· A. in the past some injuries were treated in school B. school nurses are now more irresponsible C. students don't have enough space to move around in school D. schools lack funds in hiring school nurses 60. Which of the following is NOT included in the reasons for more injuries?

A. More dangerous activities. B. Fewer specially trained teachers.C. Lesssupe凹ision.

D. More unhealthy food. 6 1. Which of the following activities has caused more i时 uries? A. Rock climbing. B. Skateboarding. C. Soccer. D. Swimming.A-9

62. According to the researchers, the injury problem could be less serious if_一一一· A. a P.E. class had fewer students B. schools reduced the P.E. classes C. schools reduced the outdoor activities D. personal contacts were avoided Passage Three The human body containseno口nous

quantities of energy. 1n fact, the average adult has as

much energy stored in fat as a one-ton battery. That energy fuels our everyday activities, but what if those actions could in tum run the electronic devices we rely on? Today, innovators around the world are b创业ing on our potential to do just that. Movement produces kinetic energy(动能), which can be converted into power. 1n the past, devices that tumed human kinetic energy into electricity, such as hand-cranked radios, computers and flashlights, involved a person's full participation. But a growing field is tapping into our energy without our even noticing it. Consider, forex缸nple,

a health club. Wi出

eveηstep

you take on a treadrnill and with every

muscle curl, you tum

su叩lus

calories into motion that could drive a generator and produce

electricity. The energy from one person's workout may not be much, but 100 people could contribute significantly to a facility's power needs .、 That' s the idea behind the Green Microgym in Portland, Oregon, where machines like stationary bikes harvest energy during workouts. Pedaling turns a generator, producing electricity that helps to power the building. For now, body energy supplies only a small fraction of the gym's needs, but the amount should increase as more machines are adapted."By being extremely energy-efficient and combining human power, solar and someday wind, 1 believe we' ll be able to be net-zero for electricity sometime this year," says the gym's owner, Adam Boesel. His bikes, by the way, aren't the first to put pedal power to work. 1n some parts of the world, CYclists have been powering safety

lights for years with devices called bicycle dynamos, which use a generator to create altemating current with every tum of the wheels. Dance clubs are also getting in on the action. 1n the Netherlands, Rotterdam's new Club WATT has a floor that hamesses the energy created by the dancers' steps. For now, it' s just enough to power LED lights in the floor, but in the future, more output is expected from newer technology.

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63. Using human body energy as power supplies一一一一一一· A. requires us to be strong

B. is a great new idea C. proves to be difficultD. is increasingly popular 64. Paragraph 3 mainly describes一一一一一· A. the contribution of body energy to power needsB.the也e。可 behind

the use of body energy

c. the di旺erent ways of putting body energy to workD. the latest device tuming body energy into power 65. It can be leamed that the Green Microgym一一一一一· A. is using human, solar and wind power to produce electricity B. is the first to use bikes to harvest human body energy

C. wi11 be able to satisfy its power needs by using green energyD. wi11 introduce the technology to other p缸ts of the wor1d 66. Adam Boesel would describe the body energy use in his gym A. surprisingly advancedas一一一一--

B. far from satisfactory D. truly irreplaceable

c. considerably helpful

67. Wh at is the author's most likely comment on the application of body energy? A. It is unrealistic at present. B. It has a promising future.

c. Its effect is sti11 unknown.D. It depends on the energy cos t. 68. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Regular physical exercise can produce additional benefits. B. The human body can be the source of altemative energy.

\

c. Innovations using body energy may solve the energy problem.D. We are working hard to bring the human potential into full play.

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Passage Four Severe climate change was the main driver behind the

b让th

of civi1isation, a scientist said

yesterday. An increase in harsh, arid conditions across the globe around 5,000 years ago forced pωp1e to start 1iving iJi stab1e communities around remaining water sources."We can certain1y say that the earliest civilisations征ose on the backdrop of increasing dryness, which are driven by natura1, global-scale changes in climate," said Nick Brooksof出βUniversity

of East Ang1ia.

"白le

cultural transitions track changes in environmental conditions quite closely." Dr. Brooks said his research turned traditional ideas of how the world's flfSt civilisations started - such as those in Egypt, China, the Indus Val1ey region and South America - Qn their head. Many anthropo1ogists也ink that civi1isation was spread gradual1y缸nong popu1ations after it began in some p缸t of the world."A current popu1ar theory is that the world's flfSt civilisation deve10ped because it cou1d;也e environment was re1ative1y台iend1y," said Dr. Brooks."This is based onthβargument

of the 1ast 10,000 years be

ing climatical1y

veηstab1e

and quite conducive

ωflourishing

of agricu1ture and 1arge, urban civi1isations." But Dr. Brooks argued that civilisation缸ose instead from environmenta1 ca1amities. His

work is focused on the Sahara region, where he says the cu1tural history shows that, around 5-10,000 years ago, the humid缸eas也ere abruptly changed inìo the Sahara desert we seeωday. The Garamantian tribe, which 1ived in what is now south-west Libya more than 3,000 years ago, emerged when the 1andthere世ied

out."After this period, we see the flfSt stone structures, the

beginnings of urbanisation, agricu1ture and the deve10pment of novel techno1ogies to access ground water, such as wells," said Dr. Brooks."What we see here is出e st。可 of Pωp1e responding to the environmental changβwith the drying up of the region. That 1eadsωthe emergence of the Garamantian state." He added that the story was simi1ar in the other crad1es of civi1isation around the world. Without the driving force of climate change, human societies might have evo1ved far more slowly, said Dr. Brooks."Maybe we wou1d have remained village farmers and herders, hunter-gatherers and so on," he said. ."Perhaps you'd.have a 1ess popu1ation-dense kind of civi1isation."、、

69. According to Nick Brooks,一一一一一一·、 A. differences in civi1izations are the result of differences in climate conditions B. the emergence of civilizat;ons is close1y re1ated to climate change development of civi1izations has caused the world climate change D. simi1ar civilizations have appeared despite various climate conditionsC.由e

、 70.

The phrase"tum ... on their head" (Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to一一一一一· A. conf町m B. extend C. chal1enge D. supp1ement

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71. The traditional theory argues由at the rise of civilizations一一一一一A. benefited from a stable and good environment B. was meant to improve the living environment

C. had little to do with the enviroomentD. was the result of environmental change 72. The Garamantian tribe is mentioned to showA. the relations between humap activities and the emergence of deserts

B. the human creativity in fighting unfavorable environment conditions

c. the importance of water resources at the beginning of human civilizationsD. the effect of environmental changes 00 the development of human. society 73. According to Dr. Brooks, without signîficant climate change, human civilizations would now be moreA. diverse

B. predictable

C. aggressive

D. primitive

74. The purpose of the passage is to一一一一一一· A. analyze how climate change affects civilization levels B. question the link between climates and civilizations

C. introduce a latest study on the rise of civilizationsD. discuss how civilizations spread throughout the world Passage Five Before the arrival of the intemet, computer files were exchanged via storage media such as floppy disks (软盘) which were sent

by post or delivered by foot, bike, car or train. After the appearance of the intemet, a term was invented for such exchange of information:the旦旦坐旦旦旦­

Now that the intemet is established, and our connections have become faster, the sneakernet sounds outmoded. Nevertheless, the opposite is true when larger files are considered. Because storage media evolve much faster than internet connections, it becomes ever more interesting to choose the route of physical transport over the interne t. One of the routes is via carrier pigeon(信鸽). This may sound ridiculous (and it has been a popular joke for many years), but thanks to shrinking storage media, the speed and capacity of the pigeon internet promises to become quite amazing. A well trained contemporary carrier pigeon can maintain a speed of 50 kilometres an hour over a distance of 600 kilometres, and carry a weight of 1 gram. One gram does not seem to be much, but this weight can already contain quite some data. For instance, the Transcend Micro SD card weighing 1 gram has a capacity of 2 gigabytes.A-13

Compared to a fibre connection, the pigeon has to surrender quite fas t. This intemet connection only needs 2.6 minutes to send 2 gigabytes. A carrier pigeon only flies 2 kilometres farin出at

time. A carrier pigeon is thus faster than a fibre connection when the distance is shorter

than 2 kilometres. A broadband connection needs 4 hours to send 2 gigabytes, while the pigeon can reach a distance of 200 kilometres in 4 hours. This means that sending 2 gigabytes of information from Am sterdam to Brussels goes faster by carrier pigeon than by a broadband connection. A dial-up connection needs 3.3 days to send 2 gigabytes, so in that case, the pigeon (flying 600 km per day) is faster than the internet up to a distance of about 2,000 kilometres. The bandwidth of a carrier pigeon increases faster than the bandwidth of the intemet. Ten years in the future, a pigeon will be able to carry 2 terabytes (around 2,000 gigabytes). Our fibre connection will need 8.5 minutes for sending that amount of data. The carrier pigeon is then faster than a fibre connectioníf the distance is less than 7 kilometres 75. The term"sneakemet" is probably more related A. storing larger computer files B. the fast speed of the intemet C. sending digital data on the internet D. traditional ways of sharing digital files 76. According to the author, sending digital data via carrier pigeon一一一一一·A. is easier said than done一 comp缸ed

to 2 kilometres today.

to一一一一一一·

B. should be taken seriously C. has been debated for years D. can be dismissed as ajoke 77. For a distance of 500km, the second fastest way of sending 2 gigabytes isA. dial-up connectionby一一一一一一-

B. a c缸rier pigeon

C. fibre

D. broadband

78. The author believes that in the future a carrier pigeon _一一一二一一A. can fly faster to exchange digital information

B. can better pe

rform the task of sending digital data

C. will be widely used to exchange digital information D. will become an outmoded means of sending digital data79. What is the author's tone in writing the passage? A. Ironic. B. Joking.

C. Objective.

D. Passionate.

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80. Which title is most appropriate for the passage?A. Carrier Pigeons versus the Intemet

B. Limitations of Carrier Pigeons and the Intemet C. Hard Choice: Carrier Pigeons or the Intemet D. Last Days of Carrier Pigeons in the Intemet Age

PAPERTWO译写答题注意事项本试卷 CPaperTwo)答案一律写在答题纸 II容一律不予计分。

C An swer Sheet II)上，草稿纸上的答题内

中、英文尽可能做到字迹清晰，书写工整，疏密相间均匀，字体大小适当。

一、英文作文必须逐行书写，不得隔行或跳行。

PART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 20 points) Section A (15 minutes, 10 points) Directions: Put the following paragraph into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper space on Answer Sheet II. Human progress is great1 y accelerated by the use of language in cultural transmission; the knowledge and experience acqu让ed by a particular person can be passed on to another in language, so that no amount of demonstration can replace the role of language. In this connection the importance of the invention of printing can never be exaggerated. At由e present time the achievements of anyone in any part of the wor1d can be made available and açcessible to anyone else able to read and capable of understandingwhat is involved. From these u~es of language, spoken and written, the I1lost developed animal communication system, though given the courtesy tit1 e of language, is wor1 ds away. Section B (15 minutes, 10 points)

Directions: Put the following paragraph into English. Write your English version in the proper space on Answer Sheet I/.生产相同数量的电，中国消耗的能源是世界平均水平的 4倍。从本世纪初开始，增产节能已成为中国政府最关注的事情之一。任何一个国家，不论是中国还是美国，

只有为子孙的利益着想才有可能实现可持续发展。

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