2018版高考英语二轮专题复习突破讲义:专题一 Word版含答案

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专题一 阅读理解

浙江新高考2年考点统计

篇卷别 目 记叙A 文 2017年B 6月 C 文 记叙A 文 2016年B 10月 C 文 1.体裁、题材丰富

从上面的表格中可以看出,选文体裁、题材丰富,考查内容覆盖面广,与当代社会生活紧密相关。体裁有记叙文、议论文、应用文和说明文,题材涉及人物故事、名人传记、前沿科技、环境保护和历史文化等话题。在阅读时,考生既要能做到忠实于原文,也要能领会作者的言外之意,切记不要掺杂个人观点。 2.注重细节,变在其中

根据上述表格可知,题目设置以细节理解题和推理判断题为主,兼顾词义猜测题和主旨大意题。考生在今后的训练中要特别注重掌握不同题型的解题技巧。 3.选材新颖,时代性强

2017年6月浙江高考英语试题阅读理解题材涉及美国绘画之父Benjamin West、青少年的睡眠问题和意大利移民被要求参加语言测试。题目设置方面,信息定位具体,语言表达简洁。试题难度

公的不同态度 文 议论环保项目 老板和员工对远程办2 1 0 0 说明皇家假日酒店的低碳2 2 0 0 Kate阻止事故发生 2 1 0 0 的不同看法 文 议论的坏习惯 对移民语言测试项目1 2 0 0 说明的艺术启蒙 当年美国青少年晚睡1 2 0 0 美国绘画之父小时候1 1 1 1 体裁 主题 细节题 推断题 词义题 主旨题 考查题型统计 适中,考查角度全面。

先题后文法,即先看问题和选项再看文章,待看完文章后再做题。其实这种方法还可以细分为两种:一种是只看问题不看选项,即大致看看问题,然后带着问题再看文章;另一种是将问题和所有选项看完,再看文章。应用文一般使用这种方法。这种方法的特点是目的明确,在阅读时有所侧重,能节省时间。

原题呈现

(2017·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读A)

Pacific Science Center Guide

◆Visit Pacific Science Center’s Store

Don’t forget to stop by Pacific Science Center’s Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit.The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.

◆Hungry?

Our exhibits will feed your mind,but what about your body? Our café offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition to seasonal specials.The café is located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily until one hour before Pacific Science Center closes.

◆Rental Information

Lockers are available to store any belongings during your visit.The lockers are located in Building 1 near the Information Desk and in Building 3.Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance.ID required.

◆Support Pacific Science Center

Since 1962,Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology.Today,Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State.It’s an amazing

accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations.Visit pacificsciencecenter.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center. 21.Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center? A.In Building 1. B.In Building 3. C.At the Laser Dome. D.At the Denny Way entrance.

22.What does Pacific Science Center do for schools? A.Train science teachers. B.Distribute science books. C.Inspire scientific research. D.Take science to the classroom.

23.What is the purpose of the last part of the text? A.To encourage donations. B.To advertise coming events. C.To introduce special exhibits. D.To tell about the Center’s history.

答题流程

[流程模式]

第一步 快速浏览题干,找出题干中的关键词

第二步 根据题干中的关键词,锁定原文的信息源

第三步 对比选项与原文信息,确定答案 [流程应用] 21.细节理解题。

Step 1:找关键词

题干中的关键词为:souvenir 和 Science Center

Step 2:定位原文

查读原文,定位到原文第一段。 Step 3:确定答案

根据◆Visit Pacific Science Center’s Store中的关键词souvenir及“The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.”可知,这个商店位于Building 3。故选____。

22.细节理解题。 Step 1:找关键词

题干中的关键词为:Pacific Science Center 和schools Step 2:定位原文

查读原文,定位到原文第四段。 Step 3:确定答案

根据◆Support Pacific Science Center中的Today Pacific Science Center...brings inquiry-based science education to classrooms可知,太平洋科学中心把科学带进了教室。故选____。

23.推理判断题。 Step 1:找关键词

题干中的关键词为:the last part Step 2:定位原文

根据题干中的关键词,定位到原文最后一段。 Step 3:确定答案

根据最后一段的小标题◆Support Pacific Science Center以及这一段的最后一句可知,最后一段的目的是让人们给予太平洋科学中心更多的赞助和捐赠。故选____。 自我验证 21.B 22.D 23.A

对于记叙文、议论文等文体,运用“文→题→文”法更合适。具体解题步骤为:第一步,先快速阅读全文获得整体印象→第二步,逐个浏览阅读题目和选项,确定信息源→第三步,认真阅读文章相关信息源,比对选项,确定答案。

原题呈现

(2016年10月·浙江高考·阅读C)

Digital technology—email and smart phones especially—have vastly improved workers’ ability to be productive outside of a traditional office.Even so,most white-collar work still happens in an office. One reason is that,according to findings of a new survey(调查) of office workers conducted by Wakefield Research for the IT company Citrix,most bosses are doubtful about remote working. Half of the workers say their boss doesn’t accept it and only 35 percent say it’s tolerated.

Skeptical bosses will likely have their doubts reinforced(加深) by the same survey,which shows that 43 percent of workers say they’ve watched TV or a movie while “working” remotely,while 35 percent have done housework,and 28 percent have cooked dinner.

It is true,however,that working at home makes people much more efficient(高效的), because it allows workers to take care of annoying housework while still getting their jobs done. It’s much faster,for example,to shop for groceries at a quarter to three than to stand in line during the after-work rush.

The fact that such practices remain officially unaccepted reflects how far we haven’t come as a society from the days when we expected every full-time worker to be supported by a full-time homemaker.

More broadly the Wakefield survey suggests that employers may be missing a low-cost way to give workers something of value. Sixty-four percent of those survey participants who haven’t worked remotely would rather give up some bonus in order to get even one day a week working from home. Under such circumstances,smart firms need to find ways to let their employees have enough flexibility to manage their time efficiently.

28.Why do some employers hesitate to allow remote working? A.They fear losing control of their workers. B.They want to stick to their routine practice. C.They have little trust in modern technology. D.They are used to face-to-face communication.

29.What seems to be most workers’ attitude toward remote working? A.Doubtful.

B.Favorable.

once you get down the mountain,you will absolutely want to give her a call.” 【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。“我”在森林里远足时迷路。手机信号微弱,电量也即将耗尽。在接通妈妈的电话后,通话便断了。妈妈意识到了危险,立即联系警察救“我”走出森林。 1.What did the author do while finding the trail rocky and steep? A.He yelled for help. B.He continued walking. C.He returned to the start. D.He found the first overlook.

答案 B [细节理解题。根据第一段的“But having read about the hike,I knew within five minutes,I was supposed to reach the hike’s first overlook”可知,“我”认为在五分钟内就可以到达目的地;据此可知,尽管石径陡峭,“我”仍然继续向前,故B项正确。] 2.When did the author tell his mom about the hiking? A.After he got lost. B.After John’s call. C.After a conference. D.After the call dropped.

答案 C [细节理解题。根据第二段的“Conference ended...going for a small hike before my flight home this afternoon”可知,“我”是在会议结束后告诉妈妈“我”将远足的,故C项正确。]

3.How did the author’s mom know he was in danger? A.The author called and told her about it. B.The author’s flight didn’t arrive on time. C.She learned it from the US Forest Service. D.She sensed something unusual on the phone.

答案 D [推理判断题。根据第三段的“‘Mom?’And then the call dropped...my mom instantly knew something was wrong”可知,在“我”叫了一声“妈妈”之后,通话便断了,妈妈立即意识到了危险;据此可以判断,D项正确。] 4.What can we learn from the last paragraph? A.John came to the woods for the author. B.The author’s mom was on line waiting.

C.John lost touch with the author’s mom. D.The author went in the wrong direction.

答案 B [推理判断题。根据最后一段的“We’ve had your mother on hold this whole time”可知,接线员们让“我”的妈妈一直在线等候,据此可以判断,B项正确。]

B

(2017·丽水高三模拟)

My elder brother Steve gave me important lessons in values that helped me grow into an adult after our father died when I was six.

For instance,Steve taught me to face the results of my

behavior.Once when I returned in tears from a Saturday baseball game,Steve took time to ask me what had happened.When I explained that my baseball had broken Mrs.Holt’s basement window,Steve encouraged me to confess to it.After all,I should have been playing in the park and not in the path between buildings.Although my knees knocked as I explained to Mrs.Holt,I offered to pay for the window if she would return my ball.I also learned from Steve that personal property(财产)is a sacred thing.After I found a shiny silver pen in my fifth-grade classroom,I wanted to keep it,but Steve explained that it might be important to someone else.I returned the pen to my teacher,Mrs.Davids,and she praised me.

Yet of all the instructions Steve gave me,his respect for life is the most vivid in my mind.When I was twelve,I killed an old brown sparrow in the yard with a BB gun.Excited with my accuracy,I screamed to Steve to come from the house to take a look.I shall never forget the way he stood for a long moment and stared at the bird on the ground.Then in a dead,quiet voice,he asked,“Did it hurt you first,Mark?”I didn’t know what to answer.He continued with his eyes firm,“The only time you should even think of hurting a living thing is whether it hurts you first.And then you think a long,long time.”I really felt terrible then,but that moment stands out as the most important lesson my brother taught me.

【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文,介绍了“我”的哥哥陪伴“我”成长的经历:他鼓励“我”勇于承担打碎窗户的责任;向老师送回捡到的钢笔;他还教育“我”尊重生命。

5.What does the underlined word“confess”in Paragraph 2 mean? A.Cover. C.Deny.

B.Admit. D.Agree.

答案 B [词义猜测题。根据画线处上文“When I explained that my baseball had broken Mrs.Holt’s basement window,Steve encouraged me to”和下文内容可知,“我”玩棒球时打破了Holt夫人家的窗户,哥哥鼓励“我”向Holt夫人承认错误。据此可以判断,画线词意为“承认”,故B项正确。]

6.How did the author feel when he faced Mrs.Holt? A.He was unwilling. B.He felt frightened. C.He appeared challenging. D.He was light-hearted.

答案 B [细节理解题。根据第二段的“Although my knees knocked as I explained to Mrs.Holt,I offered to pay for the window if she would return my ball”可知,“我”在向Holt夫人解释情况时双腿打颤。据此可知“我”很害怕,故B项正确。] 7.Which was the most important lesson the author learned from his brother? A.Care for the property of others. B.The value of honesty.

C.Responsibility for one’s actions. D.Respect for living things.

答案 D [细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一句“Yet of all the instructions Steve gave me,his respect for life is the most vivid in my mind”可知,在所有的教育中,最令“我”难忘的是哥哥对生命的尊重,故D项正确。]

8.What technique does the author mainly use to organize the text? A.Time order. C.Examples.

B.Cause and effect. D.Logical reasoning.

答案 C [写作手法题。通读第二段可知,文章列举了哥哥鼓励“我”勇于承担打破窗户的责任、向老师送回捡到的钢笔这两件事,说明哥哥教育“我”要对自己的行为负责;通读第三段可知,哥哥教育“我”要尊重生命。据此可以判断,本文通过举例法组织全文,故C项正确。]

C

(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.

I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl(猫头鹰) on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2-to 3-week-old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.

I examined the chick(雏鸟) and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.

The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.

Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to adults; they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.

A nervous night to be sure,but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all! The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings. I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active. And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all—LUNCH!The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.

【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者拯救一只猫头鹰雏鸟的故事。 9.What is unavoidable in the author’s rescue work according to Paragraph 1? A.Efforts made in vain. B.Getting injured in his work. C.Feeling uncertain about his future. D.Creatures forced out of their homes.

答案 A [细节理解题。根据第一段第二句 “Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain.”可知,作者在拯救野生动物

时,不一定能救活, 一切努力可能会白费。] 10.Why was the author called to Muttontown? A.To rescue a woman. B.To take care of a woman. C.To look at a baby owl. D.To cure a young owl.

答案 C [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl(猫头鹰) on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2-to 3-week-old owl.”可知,作者被叫去Muttontown的目的是去看一只猫头鹰雏鸟。] 11.What made the chick calm down? A.A new nest. C.A recording.

B.Some food. D.Its parents.

答案 A [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.”可知,作者把猫头鹰雏鸟放进新巢之后,它平静了下来。] 12.How would the author feel about the outcome of the event? A.It’s unexpected. C.It’s humorous.

B.It’s beautiful. D.It’s discouraging.

答案 B [推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,猫头鹰雏鸟的父母发现了它,并给它带来了午餐,作者认为这很可能会继续持续下去,所以由此推断作者对这一结果非常高兴(beautiful)。]

说明文是用平实的语言客观地解说事物、阐明事理、给人以知识的文体。说明文的大体结构有: (1)总体叙述+细节或过程说明+概括评述 (2)现象+原因+后果/启示/措施

阅读说明文的关键是:抓住说明对象的本质特征;注意说明的顺序,了解文章的结构,把握文章的脉络。

课 堂 限 时 练 (限时:23分钟)

A

The fact that ants are fascinating insects has been known for some time.Now,scientists have discovered a large number of wood ants living in an abandoned underground storehouse in Templewo,Poland,despite having no obvious source of food.

Polish zoologist Wojciech Czechowski and his team began studying the underground colony in 2013.They found the ants built a 60 cm high nest in the soil directly over the storehouse’s vertical air pipe.As years passed,the metal covering on the pipe

eroded,leaving behind a hole that thousands of worker ants accidentally slip into each day as they go about their daily chores.The scientists say that there are no sources of food in the storehouse.This means that the insects live in a state of near starvation.

In July 2015,the researchers disturbed part of the ant nest in search of larvae (幼虫),empty cocoons (茧),and queens.They found nothing,leading them to suspect that the lack of food and cold temperatures made reproduction impossible and that the group tending the nest is entirely made up of non-reproductive female workers.Their population is refilled every year,by a new rain of unfortunate ants that slide down the hole.The researchers say that when they returned in January 2016,the nest had been repaired.It appears that despite the terrible conditions,the worker ants do not stop constructing their nest.

Wood ants are known for their ability to adapt to bad living conditions.In this case,the millions of worker ants trapped in the storehouse have no choice.But instead of losing hope,they are making the best of the situation—a classic example of“when life gives you lemons,make lemonade”.

【语篇解读】 本文是科普说明文。科学家在波兰的一个废弃的地下储藏室发现了大量的蚂蚁;研究发现,这些蚂蚁是在寻食时偶然滑进来的;这里没有足够的食物,它们是饿着肚子生存的。 1.How did the wood ants arrive in the storehouse? A.They fell down there by accident. B.The research team brought them there. C.The storehouse builders left them there. D.They were attracted by the environment.

答案 A [细节理解题。根据第二段的“As years passed,the metal covering on the pipe eroded,leaving behind a hole that thousands of worker ants accidentally slip into each day as they go about their daily chores”可知,工蚁在日常寻食时偶然滑进通向地下储藏室的管道,故A项正确。]

2.What does the underlined word“eroded”in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A.Expanded. C.Exploded.

B.Rotted. D.Melted.

答案 B [词义猜测题。根据该句中的“As years passed,the metal covering on the pipe”以及“leaving behind a hole”可以判断,年复一年,管道外的金属被腐蚀了,留下了一个洞口使得工蚁们在日常寻食时偶然滑进了里面。据此可知,画线词意为“腐蚀”,故B项正确。] 3.What did the researchers find in the nest? A.Larvae. C.A queen.

B.Cocoons. D.Worker ants.

答案 D [细节理解题。根据第三段的第一、二句可知,研究人员在蚁穴里寻找幼蚁、茧和蚁后,却一无所获;他们只发现工蚁。故D项正确。]

4.Why did the population of wood ants remain steady? A.They had enough food. B.They were able to reproduce. C.They adapted to the conditions. D.They had newcomers to join them.

答案 D [细节理解题。根据第三段的“Their population is refilled every year,by a new rain of unfortunate ants that slide down the hole”及第二段的“the insects live in a state of near starvation”可知,有许多不幸的工蚁滑进这个洞穴,使得蚁群的数量保持稳定。故D项正确。]

B

(2017·金丽衢十二校联考)

Mike Godwin is an American lawyer and author who invented “Godwin’s Law” in 1990 when he made the following statement:As an online discussion grows longer,a comparison involving Nazis or Hitler is very likely to be made.

Godwin’s Law is applicable to online discussions in forums,chat rooms and on

blogs.The term has earned a place in the Oxford English Dictionary:Godwin’s Law,

noun.A facetious aphorism (有趣的格言) maintaining that as an online debate increases in length,it becomes certain that someone will eventually compare someone or something to Adolf Hitler or the Nazis.

Although coined to describe an Internet phenomenon,the term is being applied to the use of “the Nazi card” in other contexts.

A complaint by many forum users is that the so-called law is ending the discussion.One makes a Nazi comparison and another cries,“You said Hitler,so I win!”At that point,the discussion ends.The term has created a verb “to Godwin”as in “You Godwined this discussion!”

The mention of Godwin’s Law has come to be seen as a way to end an online discussion.Here is a complaint voiced by a forum user:It seems like Godwin’s Law is

becoming a real problem for any sort of discussion on the internet.Whenever Hitler,or Nazis,is brought up in a discussion,the discussion is then over and the poster who mentioned the subject is laughed at. This would be a problem if people mention Godwin’s Law when the Hitler/Nazi mention is relevant to the topic at hand.

【语篇解读】 本文是说明文,介绍了高德温法则的来历及意义,并举例对其进行了说明。 5.What will certainly happen according to“Godwin’s Law”if the online discussion is lengthened?

A.The debaters will maintain their justice. B.The debaters will mention Hitler or Nazis. C.The debaters will earn a place in the forum. D.The debaters will become very sick and tired.

答案 B [推理判断题。根据第二段中的“as an online ...it becomes certain that someone

will eventually compare someone or something to Adolf Hitler or the Nazis”可知,如

果在线讨论的时间变长,那么参加讨论的人肯定会提到希特勒或者纳粹分子,故选B。] 6.What does the underlined word“coined”in the third paragraph mean probably? A.Built. C.Classified.

B.Adapted. D.Invented.

答案 D [词义猜测题。画线词所在句的主语为the term,指Godwin’s Law,虽然创造这个术

语的目的是描述一种网络现象,但是现在它正在被用在其他地方。故画线词表示“创造(新词语)”,选D。]

7.What is the mention of “Godwin’s Law” viewed as in a discussion? A.A way of objection. B.A way of complaint. C.A way of ending it. D.A way of creating words.

答案 C [细节理解题。根据倒数第一段中的“The mention of Godwin’s Law has come to be seen as a way to end an online discussion”可知选C。]

C

(2017·温州十校联考)

Can dogs and cats live in perfect harmony in the same home? People who are thinking about adopting a dog as a friend for their cats are worried that they will fight.A recent research has found a new recipe of success.According to the study,if the cat is adopted before the dog,and if they are introduced when still young(less than 6 months for cats,a year for dogs),it is highly probable that the two pets will get along swimmingly.Two-thirds of the homes interviewed reported a positive relationship between their cat and dog.

However,it wasn’t all sweetness and light.There was a reported coldness between the cat and dog in 25% of the homes,while aggression and fighting were observed in 10% of the homes.One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals were just opposite.For example,when a cat turns its head away it signals aggression,while a dog doing the same signals submission (服从).

In homes with cats and dogs living peacefully,researchers observed a surprising behavior.They are learning how to talk each other’s language.It is a surprise that cats can learn how to talk“dog”,and dogs can learn how to talk“cat”.

What’s interesting is that both cats and dogs have appeared to develop their intelligence.They can learn how to read each other’s body signals,suggesting that the two may have more in common than we previously suspected.Once familiar with each other’s presence and body language,cats and dogs can play together,greet each other nose to

nose,and enjoy sleeping together on the sofa.They can easily share the same water bowl and in some cases groom(梳理) each other.

The significance of the research on cats and dogs may go beyond pets—to people who don’t get along,including neighbors,colleagues at work,and even world superpowers.If cats and dogs can learn to get along,surely people have a good chance.

【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。研究表明,狗和猫通过相互学习和理解彼此的语言是可以和平相处的。其实人类也可以如此。

8.Which below is closest in meaning to the word“swimmingly” in Paragraph 1? A.Smoothly. C.Quickly.

B.Briefly. D.Early.

答案 A [词义猜测题。根据第一段的最后一句“Two-thirds of the homes interviewed reported a positive relationship between their cat and dog”可知,被采访的家庭中有三分之二的家庭说他们的猫和狗能建立良好的关系。get along swimmingly和该句中的“a positive relationship”表达的意思相同;据此可以判断,画线词意为“顺利地,顺畅地”,故A项正确。] 9.When are some cats and dogs likely to fight with each other? A.They are introduced at an early age. B.They are cold to each other.

C.They misunderstood each other’s signals. D.They stared at each other.

答案 C [细节理解题。根据第二段的倒数第二句“One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals were just opposite”可知,猫和狗打架的原因可能是它们的有些肢体语言表达的意思相反,故C项正确。]

10.It is suggested in Paragraph 4 that cats and dogs ________. A.are less different than we thought B.have common interests

C.are less intelligent than we expected D.have a common body language

答案 A [细节理解题。根据第四段的第二句“They can learn how to read each other’s body signals,suggesting that the two may have more in common than we previously suspected”可知,猫和狗可以互相学习肢体语言,它们比我们预料的有更多的相同之处,故A项正确。]

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