开关电源毕业设计的外文翻译

本科毕业设计(论文)

外文参考文献译文及原文

学 院 信息工程学院 专 业 信息工程

年级班别 学 号 学生姓名 指导教师

2013年 # 月(仅供参考,请勿照搬)

目 录

译文......................................................................................................................... 1 基于单片机的开关电源......................................................................................... 1

1、用途...................................................... 1 2、简介...................................................... 1 3、分类...................................................... 2 4、开关电源的分类............................................ 3 5、技术发展动向.............................................. 4 6、原理简介.................................................. 6 7、电路原理.................................................. 7 8、DC/DC变换 ................................................ 8 9、AC/DC变换 ................................................ 8 原文....................................................................................................................... 10 The design Based onsingle chip switching power supply..................... 10 1、uses ........................................................ 10 2、Introduction ................................................ 10 3、classification .............................................. 11 4、the switching power supply. ................................. 13 5、technology developments ..................................... 14 6、the principle of Introduction ............................... 17 7、the circuit schematic ....................................... 18 8、the DC / DC conversion ...................................... 19 9, AC / DC conversion .......................................... 20

译文

基于单片机的开关电源

1、用途

开关电源产品广泛应用于工业自动化控制、军工设备、科研设备、LED

照明、工控设备、通讯设备、电力设备、仪器仪表、医疗设备、半导体制冷制热、空气净化器，电子冰箱，液晶显示器，LED灯具，通讯设备，视听产品，安防，电脑机箱，数码产品和仪器类等领域。 2、简介

随着电力电子技术的高速发展，电力电子设备与人们的工作、生活的关系日益密切，而电子设备都离不开可靠的电源，进入80年代计算机电源全面实现了开关电源化，率先完成计算机的电源换代，进入90年代开关电源相继进入各种电子、电器设备领域，程控交换机、通讯、电子检测设备电源、控制设备电源等都已广泛地使用了开关电源，更促进了开关电源技术的迅速发展。

开关电源是利用现代电力电子技术，控制开关晶体管开通和关断的时间比率，维持稳定输出电压的一种电源，开关电源一般由脉冲宽度调制（PWM）控制IC和开关器件（MOSFET、BJT等）构成。开关电源和线性电源相比，二者的成本都随着输出功率的增加而增长，但二者增长速率各异。线性电源成本在某一输出功率点上，反而高于开关电源。随着电力电子技术的发展和创新，使得开关电源技术在不断地创新，这一成本反转点日益向低输出电力端移动，这为开关电源提供了广泛的发展空间。

开关电源高频化是其发展的方向，高频化使开关电源小型化，并使开关电源进入更广泛的应用领域，特别是在高新技术领域的应用，推动了高新技术产品的小型化、轻便化。另外开关电源的发展与应用在节约能源、节约资源及保护环境方面都具有重要的意义。

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3、分类

现代开关电源有两种：一种是直流开关电源；另一种是交流开关电源。这里主要介绍的只是直流开关电源，其功能是将电能质量较差的原生态电源（粗电），如市电电源或蓄电池电源，转换成满足设备要求的质量较高的直流电压（精电）。直流开关电源的核心是DC/DC转换器。因此直流开关 电源的分类是依赖DC/DC转换器分类的。也就是说，直流开关电源的分类与DC/DC转换器的分类是基本相同的，DC/DC转换器的分类基本上就是直 流开关电源的分类。

直流DC/DC转换器按输入与输出之间是否有电气隔离可以分为两类：一类是有隔离的称为隔离式DC/DC转换器；另一类是没有隔离的称为非隔离 式DC/DC转换器。

隔离式DC/DC转换器也可以按有源功率器件的个数来分类。单管的DC/DC转换器有正激式（Forward）和反激式（Feedback）两种。双管DC/DC转换器 有双管正激式（Double Transistor Forward Converter），双管反激式（Double Transistor Feedback Converter）、推挽式（Push-Pull Converter） 和半桥式（Half-Bridge Converter）四种。四管DC/DC转换器就是全桥DC/DC转换器（Full-Bridge Converter）。

非隔离式DC/DC转换器，按有源功率器件的个数，可以分为单管、双管和四管三类。单管DC/DC转换器共有六种，即降压式（Buck）DC/DC转换器 ，升压式（Boost）DC/DC转换器、升压降压式（Buck Boost）DC/DC转换器、Cuk DC/DC转换器、Zeta DC/DC转换器和SEPIC DC/DC转换器。在这六种 单管DC/DC转换器中，Buck和Boost式DC/DC转换器是基本的，Buck-Boost、Cuk、Zeta、SEPIC式DC/DC转换器是从中派生出来的。双管DC/DC转换 器有双管串接的升压式（Buck-Boost）DC/DC转换器。四管DC/DC转换器常用的是全桥DC/DC转换器（Full-Bridge Converter）。

隔离式DC/DC转换器在实现输出与输入电气隔离时，通常采用变压器来实现，由于变压器具有变压的功能，所以有利于扩大转换器的输出应用 范围，也

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便于实现不同电压的多路输出，或相同电压的多种输出。

在功率开关管的电压和电流定额相同时，转换器的输出功率通常与所用开关管的数量成正比。所以开关管数越多，DC/DC转换器的输出功率越大，四管式比两管式输出功率大一倍，单管式输出功率只有四管式的1/4。

非隔离式转换器与隔离式转换器的组合，可以得到单个转换器所不具各的一些特性。

按能量的传输来分，DC/DC转换器有单向传输和双向传输两种。具有双向传输功能的DC/DC转换器，既可以从电源侧向负载侧传输功率，也可以从负载侧向电源侧传输功率。

DC/DC转换器也可以分为自激式和他控式。借助转换器本身的正反馈信号实现开关管自持周期性开关的转换器，叫做自激式转换器，如洛耶尔 （Royer）转换器就是一种典型的推挽自激式转换器。他控式DC/DC转换器中的开关器件控制信号，是由外部专门的控制电路产生的。

4、开关电源的分类

人们在开关电源技术领域是边开发相关电力电子器件，边开发开关变频

技术，两者相互促进推动着开关电源每年以超过两位数字的增长率向着轻、小、薄、低噪声、高可靠、抗干扰的方向发展。开关电源可分为AC/DC和DC/DC两大类，也有AC/AC DC/AC 如逆变器 DC/DC变换器现已实现模块化，且设计技术及生产工艺在国内外均已成熟和标准化，并已得到用户的认可，但AC/DC的模块化，因其自身的特性使得在模块化的进程中，遇到较为复杂的技术和工艺制造问题。以下分别对两类开关电源的结构和特性作以阐述。

自激式：是无须外加信号源能自行振荡，自激式完全可以把它看作是一个变压器反馈式振荡电路。

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switch or SCR, which requires the oscillator circuit, we know, the transistor has a characteristic, is the base-emitter voltage is 0.65-0.7V is the zoom state, 0.7V These are the saturated hydraulic conductivity state-0.1V-0.3V in the oscillatory state, then the operating point after a good tune, to rely on the deep negative feedback to generate a negative pressure, so that the oscillating tube onset, the frequency of the oscillating tube capacitor charging and discharging of the length of time from the base to determine the oscillation frequency of the output pulse amplitude, and vice versa on the small, which determines the size of the output voltage of the power regulator. Transformer secondary output voltage regulator, usually switching transformer, single around a set of coils, the voltage at its upper end, as the reference voltage after the rectifier filter, then through the optocoupler, this benchmark voltage return to the base of the oscillating tube pole to adjust the level of the oscillation frequency, if the transformer secondary voltage is increased, the sampling coil output voltage increases, the positive feedback voltage obtained through the optocoupler is also increased, this voltage is applied oscillating tube base, so that oscillation frequency is reduced, played a stable secondary output voltage stability, too small do not have to go into detail, nor it is necessary to understand the fine, such a high-power voltage transformer by switching transmission, separated and after the class returned by sampling the voltage from the opto-coupler pass separated after class, so before the mains voltage, and after the class separation, which is called cold plate, it is safe, transformers before power is independent, which is called switching power supply.

8、the DC / DC conversion

DC / DC converter is a fixed DC voltage transformation into a variable DC voltage, also known as the DC chopper. There are two ways of working chopper, one Ts constant pulse width modulation mode, change the ton (General), the second is the frequency modulation, the same ton to change the Ts, (easy to produce interference). Circuit by the following categories:

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Buck circuit - the step-down chopper, the average output voltage U0 is less than the input voltage Ui, the same polarity.

Boost Circuit - step-up chopper, the average output voltage switching power supply schematic U0 is greater than the input voltage Ui, the same polarity.

Buck-Boost circuit - buck or boost chopper, the output average voltage U0 is greater than or less than the input voltage Ui, the opposite polarity, the inductance transmission.

Cuk circuit - a buck or boost chopper, the output average voltage U0 is greater than or less than the input voltage Ui, the opposite polarity, capacitance transmission.

The above-mentioned non-isolated circuit, the isolation circuit forward circuits, feedback circuit, the half-bridge circuit, the full bridge circuit, push-pull circuit. Today's soft-switching technology makes a qualitative leap in the DC / DC the U.S. VICOR company design and manufacture a variety of ECI soft-switching DC / DC converter, the maximum output power 300W, 600W, 800W, etc., the corresponding power density (6.2 , 10,17) W/cm3 efficiency (80-90)%. A the Japanese Nemic Lambda latest using soft-switching technology, high frequency switching power supply module RM Series, its switching frequency (200 to 300) kHz, power density has reached 27W/cm3 with synchronous rectifier (MOSFETs instead of Schottky diodes ), so that the whole circuit efficiency by up to 90%. 9, AC / DC conversion

AC / DC conversion will transform AC to DC, the power flow can be bi-directional power flow by the power flow to load known as the \referred to as \inverter power flow returned by the load power. AC / DC converter input 50/60Hz AC due must be rectified, filtered, so the volume is relatively large filter capacitor is essential, while experiencing safety standards (such as UL, CCEE, etc.) and EMC Directive restrictions (such as IEC, FCC, CSA) in the AC input side must be added to the EMC filter and use meets the safety standards of the

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components, thus limiting the miniaturization of the volume of AC / DC power, In addition, due to internal frequency, high voltage, current switching, making the problem difficult to solve EMC also high demands on the internal high-density mounting circuit design, for the same reason, the high voltage, high current switch makes power supply loss increases, limiting the AC / DC converter modular process, and therefore must be used to power system optimal design method to make it work efficiency to reach a certain level of satisfaction.

AC / DC conversion circuit wiring can be divided into half-wave circuit, full-wave circuit. Press the power phase can be divided into single-phase three-phase, multiphase. Can be divided into a quadrant, two quadrant, three quadrants, four-quadrant circuit work quadrant.

The selection of the switching power supply

Switching power supply input on the anti-jamming performance, compared to its circuit structure characteristics (multi-level series), the input disturbances, such as surge voltage is difficult to pass on the stability of the output voltage of the technical indicators and linear power have greater advantages, the output voltage stability up to (0.5)%. Switching power supply module as an integrated power electronic devices should be selected

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