名词111

“分组合作，自信高效”导学案

课题:名词 课型：复习课 九年级 教者：祝丽萍

【考点直击】

1．可数名词和不可数名词的用法； 2．名词所有格的构成及用法； 3．近义名词的辨析。 【名师点睛】 一、名词的数 1．单数和复数

可数名 词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾―-s‖构成，其主要变法如下：

（1）一般情况在词尾加-s，例如：book→books，girl→girls，boy→boys，

pen→pens,doctor→doctors, boy→boys。[来源:Zxxk.Com]

（2） 以 s，x，ch，sh，结尾的词加-es，例如：bus→buses，class→classes，box→boxes，

watch→ watches，brush→brushes。

（3）以ce, se, ze,（d）ge结尾的名词加s，例如：orange—oranges。 （4）以辅音母加y结尾 的词变―y‖为―i‖再加-es,例如：city→cities, factory→factories,

country→countries, family→families。但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s，如：boy→boys, day→days。

（5）以o结尾的词多数都加-es。例如:hero→heroes，potato→potatoes，

tomato→tomatoes,但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。例如：zoo→zoos，radio→radios，还有某些外来词也只加-s，例如：photo→photos，piano→pianos。 （6） 以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f为v再加-es，例如：knife→knives，leaf→leaves,

half→halves。

（7）少数名词有不规则的复数形式，例如：man→men，woman→women，tooth→teeth，foot→feet，child→children，mouse→mice。

【注意】与man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women。例如：an Englishman，two Englishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为 Germans；ma n, woman等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定，如：men workers， women teachers。

有个别名词单复数一样，例如：Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fish等。但当fish表示不同种类的鱼时，可以加复数词尾。

（8）单数形式但其意为复数的名词有：people, police等。

（9）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式，中间加连字符。例如：

ten-minutes’ walk, an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk。

（10）还有些名词仅有复数形式，如：trousers，clothes，chopsticks，glasses，goods，

ashes，scissors，compasses。

（11）只用作单数的复数形式的名词有： 科学名词：physics, mathematics/maths 游戏名称：bowls

专有名词：the United States, Niagara Falls 其他名词：news, falls

2．不可数名词―量‖的表示方法

在英语中，不可数名词如果要表示―量‖的概念，可以用以下两种方法：[来源:学。 （1）用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少，例如： The rich man has a lot of money． There is some milk in the bottle． Is there any water in the glass？

I don't like winter because there's too much snow and ice． （2）用a piece of 这类定语，例如：

a piece of paper a piece of wood a piece of bread

a bottle of orange a glass of water（milk） a cup of tea a bag of rice three bags of rice

如果要表示―两杯茶‖、―四张纸‖这类概念时，在容器后加复数，例如： two cups of tea four pieces of paper three glasses of water 不可数名词也可用a lot of, lots of, some, any, much等来修饰。 二、名词的所有格

名词所有格，用来表示人或物的所有，以及领属关系。

1. 表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加 's,其复数形式是s'，例如：a student's room, students' rooms, father's shoes。

2. 如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加 's，如：Children's Day。

3. 在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用 's，例如： twenty minutes' walk，ten miles' journey，a boat's length，two pounds' weight, ten dollars' worth。

4. 无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构，例如：a map of China，the end of this term，the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。 5. 双重所有格，例如：a friend of my father's。 【注意】

如果两个名词并列，并且分别有 's，则表示―分别有‖，例如：John's and Mary's rooms（约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间）；Tom's and Mary's bikes（两人各自的自行车）。 两个名词并列，只有一个's，则表示―共有‖，例如：John and Mary's room（约翰和玛丽共有一间）；Tom and Mary's mother（即Tom与Mary是兄妹）。 【实例解析】

1.These _________ have saved many children’s lives.[来源:学&科&网Z&X&X&K] A. woman doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctor

2.This is _________ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much. A. Anne and Jane B. Anne’s and Jane’s[来源:Zxxk.Com] C. Anne’s and Jane D. Anne and Jane’s 3.---Are there any ________ on the farm? ---Yes, there are some.

A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep[来源:学,科,网] 4.---What would you like to drink, ________ or orange? ---Orange, please.

A. hamburger B. chip C. tea ※挑战中考我能行：

【2011?黑龙江哈尔滨】39. Boys and gills, feeling peaceful is the first step to become

in the exam. So please take a deep breath and calm down. A. runners B. winners C. players

【2011?四川达州】40. —How many teachers are there in your school?  — them over two hundred.

 A. woman; The number of; is B. women; The number of; is  C. woman; A number of; is D. women; A number of; are

【2011?四川广元】41.Our hospital needs two ＿＿＿ doctors, Mrs Li. You can ask

your son to have a try.

A. women B. man C. men

【2011?四川宜宾】42. There are many _______ playing on the playground.

A. child B. children C. man teachers D. sheeps

【2011?四川资阳】43.—There are so many ______ over there. What’s happening? —Let’s go to have a look.

A. flower B. car C. child D. people 【2011?乌鲁木齐】44. He has something wrong with his _______. He cannot see clearly.

A. legs B. eyes C. hands D. arms

【2011?重庆江津】45.I have to speak to my grandpa loudly because something is wrong

with his .

A. eyes B. ears C. hands D. legs 【2011?贵州毕节】46—Hello! May I speak to Lucy，please?

—Sorry，I’m afraid you have the wrong ． A．way B．name C．number D．telephone

【2011?广西梧州】47. Please pick up the ____. Don’t keep it on the floor.

A. paper B. boxes C. books D. bottles

【2011?福建莆田】48—I want a_______ to cut the big apple. Could you pass me one?

—Certainly, here you are.

A. fork B. knife C. spoon

【2011?广东深圳】49. — Could you please tell me something about the two_ ?

— ____. They arc exchange students of No. 1 Middle School.

A. Frenchmen; Yes, please B. Frenchmans; Come on C. Germen; Not at all D. Germans; All right

【2011·四川德阳】50. Stop making so much _____. The children are sleeping. A. voice B. noise C. sound 【2011?黑龙江大庆】51. — Did you hear any strange _____when the quake happened?

— No, I was in my garden with my flowers and was enjoying the beautiful _____of my birds at that time.

A. voice; noise B. noise; sound C. whisper; sound D. sound; voice

【2011?辽宁本溪】52. Could you lend me your ______?I want to take some photos.

A. watch B. radio C. camera D. telephone

【2011?广西崇左】53.---What’s your favorite sport? ----I like_____in the river.

【2011湖南郴州】56. There isn't any ______in the fridge. We need to go shopping.

A. oranges B. milk C. eggs

【2011?贵州遵义】57. The foreigners from the USA like Chinese dishes very much. A.plates B.food C.fruit

【2011?江苏泰州】58. He has poor _______, so he can’t see the words on the blackboard clearly.

A. smell B. taste C. hearing D. eyesight 【2011?湖南邵阳】66. I’m not sure about the meaning of the word. You’d better look it

up in a (n) ______.

A. letter B. dictionary C. article

【2011?四川广安】67. —Are there any _______ in the picture? —Yes, there are.

A. fish B. pork C. beef

【2011?浙江丽水】68. The singer felt very sorry and decided he would never drive

again after drinking. The traffic accident was really a ____ to him. A．game B. pleasure C. skill D. lesson

【2011?江苏南京】69.–Mrs Black, could you give me some advice on how to write an

application letter?

–With pleasure. Remember that the letter should be written in the formal ______.

A. value B. style C. effect D. mood

【2011?山东】71.Today, we have many other __to pay besides coins or paper money.

A. excuses B. ways C. chances D. plans

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