中考英语语法难点大全之四

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中考英语语法难点大全之四：动词时态和语态 动词时态、语态

I. 要点

1、 一般现在时

(1) 表示经常发生的动作或现在存在的状态，常与sometimes, always, often, every day等时间状语连用。如：Sometimes, we go swimming after school.

(2) 表示客观真理、科学事实等。如：The earth goes round the sun.

2、 现在进行时

(1) 表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作，常与now, at present等时间状语连用。如： What are you doing now?

(2) 和always, continually等连用，表一种经常反复的动作，常含有某种情感。如： He is always doing good deeds.

3、 现在完成时

主要表示动作发生在过去，对现在仍有影响，或动作一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去，常与just, already, so far, once, never 等词连用。如:Have you ever been to Beijing?

4、一般将来时

表示将来某一时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与tomorrow, next year等连用。如： I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.

We're going to see a film next Monday.

5、一般过去时

表示在过去某一时间或某一阶段内发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday, last year, in 1998, a moment ago等词连用。如：It happened many years ago.

6、过去进行时

表示过去某一时刻或某一时期正在发生的动作。如：

What were you doing this time yesterday?

7、 过去完成时

表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。如：

The train had already left before we arrived.

8、一般过去将来时

表示说话人从过去的角度来看将来发生的动作。如：

He said he would come, but he didn't.

9、被动语态 被动语态的时态，以give为例。

时／式 一般 进行 完成

现在 am is given are am is being are has been given have

过去 was given were was being given were had been given

将来 shall be given will shall have been given will

过去将来 should be given would should have been given would

II.例题

例1 I learned that her father ____ in 1950.

A had died B died C dead D is dead

解析：该题正确答案为B。从句中的谓语动词动作虽然发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前，但因从句中有明确的过去时间状语in 1950, 所以不用过去完成时态，而用一般过去时态。 例2 The five-year-old girl ____ by her parents.

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A is looked B has looked for

C is being looked for D has been looked

解析：该题正确答案为C。在带有介词的动词短语用于被动语态句中，介词不能省，否则就变成了不及物动词短语，而不能用于被动语态的句子中。

中考英语语法难点大全之介词 介词

I. 要点

1、介词和种类

(1) 简单介词，常用的有at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without等。

(2) 复合介词，如by means of, along with, because of, in front of, instead of等。

2、介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系

(1) 和动词的搭配，如agree with, ask for, belong to, break away from, care about等。

(2) 和形容词的搭配，如afraid of, angry with, different from, good at

(3) 和名词的搭配，如answer to , key to, reason for, cause of, visit to等.

3、介词短语可以有自己的修饰语，这种修饰语通常有right, just, badly, all, well, directly, completely等少数几个副词。如：

He came right after dinner.

He lives directly opposite the school.

4、 某些介词的意义与用法举例

(1) at, on, in(表时间)

表示时间点用at,如at four o'clock, at midnight等；表示不确定的时间或短期假日也用at,如at that time, at Christmas等。

指某天用on, 如on Monday, on the end of November, 指某天的朝夕用on,如on Friday morning, on the afternoon of September lst等。

指长于或短于一天的时段用in,如in the afternoon, in February, in Summer, in 1999等。

(2) between, among(表位置)

between仅用于二者之间，但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时，也用between, 如

I'm sitting between Tom and Alice.

The village lies between three hills.

among用于三者或三者以上之间。如：

He is the best among the students.

(3) beside, besides

beside意为"在…旁边"，而besides意为"除…之外"。如：

He sat beside me.

What do you want besides this?

(4)in the tree, on the tree

in the tree 指动物或人在树上，而on the tree 指果实、树叶长在树上

(5)on the way, in the way, by the way, in this way

on the way 指在路上 in the way 指挡道

by the way 指顺便问一句 in this way 用这样的方法

(6)in the corner, at the corner

in the corner 指在拐角内 at the corner 指在拐角外

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(7)in the morning, on the morning

in the morning 是一般说法 on the morning 特指某一天的早晨

(8)by bus, on the bus

by bus 是一般说法 on the bus 特指乘某一辆车

II. 例题

例1 Do you know any other foreign language____ English?

A except B but C beside D besides

解析：A、B两项except等于but，意为"除了…"，C-beside意为"在…旁边"，不符合题意。而D-besides, 意为"除了…之外，还有"。所以该题正确答案为D。该题意为：除了英语外，你还知道别的语言吗？

例2 He suddenly returned ____ a rainy night.

A on B at C in D during

解析：我们均知道，at night这一短语，但如果night前有修饰词，表具体的夜晚，则要用介词on来修饰，故该题正确答案为A。

例3 I'm looking forward ____your letter.

A to B in C at D on

解析：该题正确答案为A。look forward to 为固定搭配，意为"期望、盼望"。

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