2009-2010年专八(TEM8)真题、答案及听力原文（整理打印版）

2009-2010年专业八级(TEM8)真题+答案+听力原文 ants05

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2010)

-GRADE EIGHT-

TIME LIMIT: 195 MIN

PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN) SECTION A MINI-LECTURE

In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.

Paralinguistic Features of Language

In face to face communication speakers often alter their tones of voices or change their physical posture in order to convey messages. These means are called paralinguistic features of language, which fall into two categories. First category: vocal paralinguistic features

(1)_____: to express attitude or intention examples (1)_______ 1. whispering: need for secrecy 2. breathiness: deep emotion

3. (2)_______: unimportance (2)_______ 4. nasality: anxiety

5. extra lip-rounding: greater intimacy

Second category: physical paralinguistic features A. facial expressions

(3)____________ (3)_______ — smiling: signal of pleasure or welcome less common expressions — eyebrow raising: surprise or interest

— lip biting: (4)_________________ (4)_______ B. gesture

Gestures are related to culture. British culture

— shrugging shoulders: (5)_______ (5)_______ — scratching head: puzzlement other cultures

— placing hand upon heart: (6)_______ (6)_______ — pointing at nose: secret C. proximity, posture and echoing

1. proximity: physical distance between speakers — closeness: intimacy or threat

—(7)_______: formality or absence of interest (7)_______ Proximity is person-, culture- and (8)_______ -specific. (8)_______ 2. posture

— hunched shoulders or a hanging head: to indicate (9)_______ (9)_______ — direct level eye contact: to express an open or challenging attitude 3. echoing

— definition: imitation of similar posture

—(1)_______: aid in communication (10)_______ SECTION B INTERVIEW

In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.

Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 1. According to Dr. Johnson, diversity means _______.

A. merging of different cultural identities B. more emphasis on homogeneity

C. embracing of more ethnic differences D. acceptance of more branches of Christianity 2. According to the interview, which of the following statements is CORRECT?

A. Some places are more diverse than others. B. Towns are less diverse than large cities. C. Diversity can be seen everywhere. D. America is a truly diverse country.

3. According to Dr. Johnson, which place will witness a radical change in its racial makeup by 2025? A. Maine. B. Selinsgrove. C. Philadelphia. D. California. 4. During the interview Dr. Johnson indicates that _______.

A. greater racial diversity exists among younger populations B. both older and younger populations are racially diverse C. age diversity could lead to pension problems D. older populations are more racially diverse 5. According to the interview, religious diversity _______.

A. was most evident between 1990 and 2000 B. exists among Muslim immigrants

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C. is restricted to certain places in the US D. is spreading to more parts of the country SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST

In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.

Questions 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.

6. What is the main idea of the news item?

A. Sony developed a computer chip for cell phones. B. Japan will market its wallet phone abroad.

C. The wallet phone is one of the wireless innovations. D. Reader devices are available at stores and stations.

Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.

7. Which of the following is mentioned as the government's measure to control inflation? A. Foreign investment. B. Donor support. C. Price control. D. Bank prediction. 8. According to Kingdom Bank, what is the current inflation rate in Zimbabwe?

A. 20 million percent. B. 2.2 million percent. C. 11.2 million percent. D. Over 11.2 million percent.

Question 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.

9. Which of the following is CORRECT?

A. A big fire erupted on the Nile River. B. Helicopters were used to evacuate people. C. Five people were taken to hospital for burns. D. A big fire took place on two floors. 10. The likely cause of the big fire is _______ .

A. electrical short-circuit B. lack of fire-safety measures C. terrorism D. not known

PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)

In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions.Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet. TEXT A

We had been wanting to expand our children's horizons by taking them to a place that was unlike anything we'd been exposed to during our travels in Europe and the United States. In thinking about what was possible from Geneva, where we are based, we decided on a trip to Istanbul, a two-hour plane ride from Zurich.

Among the great cities of the world, Kolkata (formerly spelt as Calcutta), the capital of India's West Bengal, and the home of nearly 15 million people, is often mentioned as the only one that still has a large fleet of hand-pulled rickshaws.

Rickshaws are not there to haul around tourists. It's the people in the lanes who most regularly use rickshaws — not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor. They are people who tend to travel short distances, through lanes that are sometimes inaccessible to even the most daring taxi driver. An older woman with marketing to do, for instance, can arrive in a rickshaw, have the rickshaw puller wait until she comes back from various stalls to load her purchases, and then be taken home. People in the lanes use rickshaws as a 24-hour ambulance service. Proprietors of cafes or corner stores send rickshaws to collect their supplies. The rickshaw pullers told me their steadiest customers are school children. Middle-class families contract with a puller to take a child to school and pick him up; the puller essentially becomes a family retainer.

From June to September Kolkata can get torrential rains. During my stay it once rained for about 48 hours. Entire neighborhoods couldn't be reached by motorized vehicles, and the newspapers showed pictures of rickshaws being pulled through water that was up to the pullers' waists. When it's raining, the normal customer base for rickshaw pullers expands greatly, as does the price of a journey. A writer in Kolkata told me, \

While I was in Kolkata, a magazine called India Today published its annual ranking of Indian states, according to such measurements as prosperity and infrastructure. Among India's 20 largest states, Bihar finished dead last, as it has for four of the past five years. Bihar, a few hundred miles north of Kolkata, is where the vast majority of rickshaw pullers come from. Once in Kolkata, they sleep on the street or in their rickshaws or in a dera — a combination of garage and repair shop and dormitory managed by someone called a sardar. For sleeping privileges in a dera, pullers pay 100 rupees (about $2.50) a month, which sounds like a pretty good deal until you've visited a dera. They gross between 100 and 150 rupees a day, out of which they have to pay 20 rupees for the use of the rickshaw and an occasional 75 or more for a payoff if a policeman stops them for, say, crossing a street where rickshaws are prohibited. A 2003 study found that rickshaw pullers are near the bottom of Kolkata occupations in income, doing better than only the beggars. For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar.

There are people in Kolkata, particularly educated and politically aware people, who will not ride in a rickshaw, because they are offended by the idea of being pulled by another human being or because they consider it not the sort of thing people of their station do or because they regard the hand-pulled rickshaw as a relic of colonialism. Ironically, some of those people are not enthusiastic about banning rickshaws. The editor of the editorial pages of Kolkata's Telegraph — Rudrangshu Mukherjee, a former academic who still writes history books — told me, for instance, that he sees humanitarian considerations as coming down on the side of keeping hand-pulled rickshaws on the road. \question whether we have the right to take away their livelihood.\Rickshaw supporters point out that when it comes to demeaning occupations, rickshaw pullers are hardly unique in Kolkata.

When I asked one rickshaw puller if he thought the government's plan to rid the city of rickshaws was based on a genuine

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interest in his welfare, he smiled, with a quick shake of his head — a gesture I interpreted to mean, \such a question, I will answer it, but it is not worth wasting words on.\Some rickshaw pullers I met were resigned to the imminent end of their livelihood and pinned their hopes on being offered something in its place. As migrant workers, they don't have the political clout enjoyed by, say, Kolkata's sidewalk hawkers, who, after supposedly being scaled back at the beginning of the modernization drive, still clog the sidewalks, selling absolutely everything — or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas. \shake hands with the capitalists and try to get rid of poor people.\

But others in Kolkata believe that rickshaws will simply be confined more strictly to certain neighborhoods, out of the view of World Bank traffic consultants and California investment delegations — or that they will be allowed to die out naturally as they're supplanted by more modern conveyances. Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, after all, is not the first high West Bengal official to say that rickshaws would be off the streets of Kolkata in a matter of months. Similar statements have been made as far back as 1976. The ban decreed by Bhattacharjee has been delayed by a court case and by a widely held belief that some retraining or social security settlement ought to be offered to rickshaw drivers. It may also have been delayed by a quiet reluctance to give up something that has been part of the fabric of the city for more than a century. Kolkata, a resident told me, \go.\be rehabilitated.

\ \ \

\

11. According to the passage, rickshaws are used in Kolkata mainly for the following purposes EXCEPT _______. A. taking foreign tourists around the city. B. providing transport to school children. C. carrying store supplies and purchases. D. carrying people over short distances. 12. Which of the following statements best describes the rickshaw pullers from Bihar?

A. They come from a relatively poor area. B. They are provided with decent accommodation. C. Their living standards are very low in Kolkata. D. They are often caught by policemen in the streets.

13. That \even so, _______.

A. the poor prefer to work and live in Bihar. B. the poor from Bihar fare better than back home. C. the poor never try to make a living in Bihar. D. the poor never seem to resent their life in Kolkata. 14. We can infer from the passage that some educated and politically aware people _______.

A. hold mixed feelings towards rickshaws. B. strongly support the ban on rickshaws.

C. call for humanitarian actions for rickshaw pullers. D. keep quiet on the issue of banning rickshaws. 15. Which of the following statements conveys the author's sense of humour?

A. \— not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor.\ B. \h sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera.\ C. Kolkata, a resident told me, \

D. \

16. The dialogue between the author and the city official at the end of the passage seems to suggest _______. A. the uncertainty of the court's decision. B. the inefficiency of the municipal government. C. the difficulty of finding a good solution. D. the slowness in processing options. TEXT B

Depending on whom you believe, the average American will, over a lifetime, wait in lines for two years (says National Public Radio) or five years (according to some customer-loyalty experts).

The crucial word is average, as wealthy Americans routinely avoid lines altogether. Once the most democratic of institutions, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers (people who still believe in and practice waiting in lines). Poor suckers, mostly.

Airports resemble France before the Revolution: first-class passengers enjoy \lite\disembark before the unwashed in coach, held at bay by a flight attendant, are allowed to foul the Jet-way.

At amusement parks, too, you can now buy your way out of line. This summer I haplessly watched kids use a $52 Gold Flash Pass to jump the lines at Six Flags New England, and similar systems are in use in most major American theme parks, from Universal Orlando to Walt Disney World, where the haves get to watch the have-mores breeze past on their way to their seats. Flash Pass teaches children a valuable lesson in real-world economics: that the rich are more important than you, especially when it comes to waiting. An NBA player once said to me, with a bemused chuckle of disbelief, that when playing in Canada — get this — \

Almost every line can be breached for a price. In several U.S. cities this summer, early arrivers among the early adopters waiting to buy iPhones offered to sell their spots in the lines. On Craigslist, prospective iPhone purchasers offered to pay \

Inevitably, some semi-populist politicians have seen the value of sort-of waiting in lines with the ordinary people. This summer Philadelphia mayor John Street waited outside an AT&T store from 3:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. before a stand-in from his office literally stood in for the mayor while he conducted official business. And billionaire New York mayor Michael Bloomberg often waits for the subway with his fellow citizens, though he's first driven by motorcade past the stop nearest his house to a

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station 22 blocks away, where the wait, or at least the ride, is shorter.

As early as elementary school, we're told that jumping the line is an unethical act, which is why so many U.S. lawmakers have framed the immigration debate as a kind of fundamental sin of the school lunch line. Alabama Senator Richard Shelby, to cite just one legislator, said amnesty would allow illegal immigrants \

Nothing annoys a national lawmaker more than a person who will not wait in line, unless that line is in front of an elevator at the U.S. Capitol, where Senators and Representatives use private elevators, lest they have to queue with their constituents.

But compromising the integrity of the line is not just antidemocratic, it's out-of-date. There was something about the orderly boarding of Noah's Ark, two by two, that seemed to restore not just civilization but civility during the Great Flood.

How civil was your last flight? Southwest Airlines has first-come, first-served festival seating. But for $5 per flight, an unaffiliated company called BoardFirst.com will secure you a coveted \boarding pass when that airline opens for online check-in 24 hours before departure. Thus, the savvy traveler doesn't even wait in line when he or she is online.

Some cultures are not renowned for lining up. Then again, some cultures are too adept at lining up: a citizen of the former Soviet Union would join a queue just so he could get to the head of that queue and see what everyone was queuing for.

And then there is the U.S., where society seems to be cleaving into two groups: Very Important Persons, who don't wait, and Very Impatient Persons, who do — unhappily.

For those of us in the latter group — consigned to coach, bereft of Flash Pass, too poor or proper to pay a placeholder — what do we do? We do what Vladimir and Estragon did in Waiting for Godot: \

17. What does the following sentence mean? \province of suckers ... Poor suckers, mostly.\

A. Lines are symbolic of America's democracy. B. Lines still give Americans equal opportunities. C. Lines are now for ordinary Americans only. D. Lines are for people with democratic spirit only. 18. Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of breaching the line?

A. Going through the customs at a Canadian airport. B. Using Gold Flash Passes in amusement parks. C. First-class passenger status at airports. D. Purchase of a place in a line from a placeholder. 19. We can infer from the passage that politicians (including mayors and Congressmen) _______. A. prefer to stand in lines with ordinary people. B. advocate the value of waiting in lines. C. believe in and practice waiting in lines. D. exploit waiting in lines for their own good. 20. What is the tone of the passage?

A. Instructive. B. Humorous. C. Serious. D. Teasing. TEXT C

A bus took him to the West End, where, among the crazy coloured fountains of illumination, shattering the blue dusk with green and crimson fire, he found the café of his choice, a tea-shop that had gone mad and turned Babylonian, a white palace with ten thousand lights. It towered above the older buildings like a citadel, which indeed it was, the outpost of a new age, perhaps a new civilization, perhaps a new barbarism; and behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel, just as behind the careless profusion of luxury were millions of pence, balanced to the last halfpenny. Somewhere in the background, hidden away, behind the ten thousand lights and acres of white napery and bewildering glittering rows of teapots, behind the thousand waitresses and cash-box girls and black-coated floor managers and temperamental long-haired violinists, behind the mounds of cauldrons of stewed steak, the vanloads of ices, were a few men who went to work juggling with fractions of a farthing, who knew how many units of electricity it took to finish a steak-and-kidney pudding and how many minutes and seconds a waitress (five feet four in height and in average health) would need to carry a tray of given weight from the kitchen lift to the table in the far corner. In short, there was a warm, sensuous, vulgar life flowering in the upper storeys, and a cold science working in the basement. Such was the gigantic tea-shop into which Turgis marched, in search not of mere refreshment but of all the enchantment of unfamiliar luxury. Perhaps he knew in his heart that men have conquered half the known world, looted whole kingdoms, and never arrived in such luxury. The place was built for him.

It was built for a great many other people too, and, as usual, they were all there. It steamed with humanity. The marble entrance hall, piled dizzily with bonbons and cakes, was as crowded and bustling as a railway station. The gloom and grime of the streets, the raw air, all November, were at once left behind, forgotten: the atmosphere inside was golden, tropical, belonging to some high mid-summer of confectionery. Disdaining the lifts, Turgis, once more excited by the sight, sound, and smell of it all, climbed the wide staircase until he reached his favourite floor, where an orchestra led by a young Jewish violinist with wandering lustrous eyes and a passion for tremolo effects, acted as a magnet to a thousand girls. The door was swung open for him by a page; there burst, like a sugary bomb, the clatter of cups, the shrill chatter of white-and-vermilion girls, and, cleaving the golden, scented air, the sensuous clamour of the strings; and, as he stood hesitating a moment, half dazed, there came, bowing, a sleek grave man, older than he was and far more distinguished than he could ever hope to be, who murmured deferentially: \sir? This way, please.\

21. That \A. modern realistic commercialism existed behind the luxurious appearance. B. there was a fundamental falseness in the style and the appeal of the café. C. the architect had made a sensible blend of old and new building materials. D. the cafe was based on physical foundations and real economic strength.

22. The following words or phrases are somewhat critical of the tea-shop EXCEPT _______.

A. \ B. \ C. \ D. \23. In its context the statement that \ was intended to _______.

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A. please simple people in a simple way. B. exploit gullible people like him.

C. satisfy a demand that already existed. D. provide relaxation for tired young men. 24. Which of the following statements about the second paragraph is NOT true? A. The café appealed to most senses simultaneously. B. The café was both full of people and full of warmth. C. The inside of the café was contrasted with the weather outside. D. It stressed the commercial determination of the café owners.

25. The following are comparisons made by the author in the second paragraph EXCEPT that _______. A. the entrance hall is compared to a railway station. B. the orchestra is compared to a magnet. C. Turgis welcomed the lift like a conquering soldier. D. the interior of the café is compared to warm countries. 26. The author's attitude to the café is _______.

A. fundamentally critical. B. slightly admiring. C. quite undecided. D. completely neutral. TEXT D

Now elsewhere in the world, Iceland may be spoken of, somewhat breathlessly, as Western Europe's last pristine wilderness. But the environmental awareness that is sweeping the world had bypassed the majority of Icelanders. Certainly they were connected to their land, the way one is complicatedly connected to, or encumbered by, family one can't do anything about. But the truth is, once you're off the beaten paths of the low-lying coastal areas where everyone lives, the roads are few, and they're all bad, so Iceland's natural wonders have been out of reach and unknown even to its own inhabitants. For them the land has always just been there, something that had to be dealt with and, if possible, exploited — the mind-set being one of land as commodity rather than land as, well, priceless art on the scale of the \

When the opportunity arose in 2003 for the national power company to enter into a 40-year contract with the American aluminum company Alcoa to supply hydroelectric power for a new smelter (冶炼厂), those who had been dreaming of something like this for decades jumped at it and never looked back. Iceland may at the moment be one of the world's richest countries, with a 99 percent literacy rate and long life expectancy. But the project's advocates, some of them getting on in years, were more emotionally attuned to the country's century upon century of want, hardship, and colonial servitude to Denmark, which officially ended only in 1944 and whose psychological imprint remained relatively fresh. For the longest time, life here had meant little more than a hut, dark all winter, cold, no hope, children dying left and right, earthquakes, plagues, starvation, volcanoes erupting and destroying all vegetation and livestock, all spirit — a world revolving almost entirely around the welfare of one's sheep and, later, on how good the cod catch was. In the outlying regions, it still largely does.

Ostensibly, the Alcoa project was intended to save one of these dying regions — the remote and sparsely populated east — where the way of life had steadily declined to a point of desperation and gloom. After fishing quotas were imposed in the early 1980s to protect fish stocks, many individual boat owners sold their allotments or gave them away, fishing rights ended up mostly in the hands of a few companies and small fishermen were virtually wiped out. Technological advances drained away even more jobs previously done by human hands, and the people were seeing everything they had worked for all their lives turn up worthless and their children move away. With the old way of life doomed, aluminum projects like this one had come to be perceived, wisely or not, as a last chance. \

The contract with Alcoa would infuse the region with foreign capital, an estimated 400 jobs, and spin-off service industries. It also was a way for Iceland to develop expertise that potentially could be sold to the rest of the world; diversify an economy historically dependent on fish; and, in an appealing display of Icelandic can-do verve, perhaps even protect all of Iceland, once and for all, from the unpredictability of life itself.

\region, was a driving force behind the project. \

27. According to the passage, most Icelanders view land as something of _______.

A. environmental value. B. commercial value. C. potential value for tourism. D. great value for livelihood. 28. What is Iceland’s old-aged advocates' feeling towards the Alcoa project?

A. Iceland is wealthy enough to reject the project. B. The project would lower life expectancy.

C. The project would cause environmental problems. D. The project symbolizes an end to the colonial legacies. 29. The disappearance of the old way of life was due to all the following EXCEPT _______.

A. fewer fishing companies. B. fewer jobs available. C. migration of young people. D. imposition of fishing quotas. 30. The 4th paragraph in the passage ________.

A. sums up the main points of the passage. B. starts to discuss an entirely new point.

C. elaborates on the last part of the 3rd paragraph. D. continues to depict the bleak economic situation.

PART Ⅲ GENERAL KNOWLEDGE（10 MIN）

There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answers to each question. Mark your answers on your colored answer sheet.

31. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

A. The British constitution includes the Magna Carta of 1215. B. The British constitution includes Parliamentary acts.

C. The British constitution includes decisions made by courts of law. D. The British constitution includes one single written constitution. 32. The first city ever founded in Canada is _______.

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A. Quebec B. Vancouver C. Toronto D. Montreal

33. When did the Australian Federation officially come into being? A. 1770. B. 1788. C. 1900. D. 1901.

34. The Emancipation Proclamation to end the slavery plantation system in the South of the U.S. was issued by _______. A. Abraham Lincoln B. Thomas Paine C. George Washington D. Thomas Jefferson 35. _______ is best known for the technique of dramatic monologue in his poems.

A. William Blake B. W.B. Yeats C. Robert Browning D. William Wordsworth 36. The Financier is written by _______.

A. Mark Twain B. Henry James C. William Faulkner D. Theodore Dreiser 37. In literature a story in verse or prose with a double meaning is defined as _______. A. allegory B. sonnet C. blank verse D. rhyme

38. _______ refers to the learning and development of a language.

A. Language acquisition B. Language comprehension C. Language production D. Language instruction 39. The word \A. backformation B. conversion C. blending D. acronym

40. Language is a tool of communication. The symbol \

A. an expressive function B. an informative function C. a performative function D. a persuasive function PART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)

The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved You should proof, read the passage and correct it in the following way:

For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank pro-vided at the end of the line. For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a \blank provided at the end of the line.

For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash \line.

EXAMPLE

When ^ art museum wants a new exhibit, (1)________ it never buys things in finished form and hangs (2)________ them on the wall. When a natural history museum

wants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3)________ So far as we can tell, all human languages are equally complete and perfect as instruments of communication: that

is, every language appears to be well equipped as any other (1)________ to say the things their speakers want to say. (2)________ There may or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive (3)________ peoples or cultures, but that is another matter. Certainly, not all groups of people are equally competent in nuclear physics

or psychology or the cultivation of rice. Whereas this is not (4)________ the fault of their language. The Eskimos, it is said, can speak

about snow with further more precision and subtlety than we (5)________ can in English, but this is not because the Eskimo language (one of those sometimes miscalled \more precise and subtle than English. This example does

not come to light a defect in English, a show of unexpected (6)________ \

the Eskimos and the English live in similar environments. (7)________ The English language will be just as rich in terms for (8)________ different kinds of snow if the environments in which English

was habitually used made such distinction as important. (9)________ Similarly, we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo language could be as precise and subtle on the subject of

motor manufacture or cricket if these topics formed the part (10)________ of the Eskimos' life.

PART V TRANSLATION (60 MIN) SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH

Translate the underlined part of the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.

朋友关系的存续是以相互尊重为前提的，容不得半点强求、干涉和控制。朋友之间，情趣相投、脾气对味则合、则交；反之，则离、则绝。朋友之间再熟悉、再亲密，也不能随便过头、不恭不敬。不然，默契和平衡将被打破，友好关系将不复存在。每个人都希望拥有自己的私密空间，朋友之间过于随便，就容易侵入这片禁区，从而引起冲突，造成隔阂。待友不敬，或许只是件小事，却可能已埋下了破坏性的种子。维持朋友亲密关系的最好办法是往来有节，互不干涉。

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SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE

Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.

I thought that it was a Sunday morning in May, that it was Easter Sunday, and as yet very early in the morning. I was standing at the door of my own cottage. Right before me lay the very scene which could really be commanded from that situation, but exalted, as was usual, and solemnized by the power of dreams. There were the same mountains, and the same lovely valley at their feet; but the mountains were raised to more than Alpine height, and there was interspace far larger between them of meadows and forest lawns; the hedges were rich with white roses; and no living creature was to be seen except that in the green churchyard there were cattle tranquilly reposing upon the graves, and particularly round about the grave of a child whom I had tenderly loved, just as I had really seen them, a little before sunrise in the same summer, when that child died.

PART VI WRITING (45 MIN)

Recently newspapers have reported that officials in a little-known mountainous area near Guiyang, Guizhou Province wanted to turn the area into a \new look. The design company came up with a blueprint for unconventional, super-futuristic buildings. This triggered off different responses. Some appreciated the bold innovation of the design, but others held that it failed to reflect regional characteristics or local cultural heritage. What is your view on this?

Write an essay of about 400 words. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.

In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.

Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.

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TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS(2009)-GRADE EIGHT-2009年英语专业八级参考答案

Part I Listening Comprehension—Section A Mini-lecture 1.tones of voice 2.huskiness 3.the universal signal 4.thought or uncertainty 5.indifference 6.honesty 7.distance 8.situation 9.mood/unhappiness 10.unconsciously same posture SECTION B INTERVIEW 1-5 CADAC SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST 6-10 BCADA

PART II Reading Comprehension 11-15 ACBAD 16-20 CCADB 21-25 ADBBC 26-30 ADDAC PART III General Knowledge 31-35DADAC 36-40 DAACB

PART VI Proofreading & Error Correction 1.be后加as 2.their改为its 3.There改为It 4.Whereas改为But 5.further改为much 6.come改为bring 7.similar改为different

8.will改为would 9.去掉as important的as 10.去掉the past的the Part V Translation—Section A Chinese To English

Friends tend to become more intimated if they have the same interests and temper, they can get along well and keep contacting; otherwise they will separate and end the relationship. Friends who are more familiar and closer can not be too casual and show no respect. Otherwise the harmony and balance will be broken, and the friendship will also be nonexistent any more. Everyone hopes to have his own private space, and if too casual among friends, it is easy to invade this piece of restricted areas, which will lead to the conflict, resulting in alienation. It may be a small matter to be rude to friends; however, it is likely to plant the devastating seeds. The best way to keep the close relationship between friends is to keep contacts with restraint, and do not bother each other.

Section B English to Chinese

我想那是五月的一个周日的早晨；那天是复活节，一个大清早上。我站在自家小屋的门口。就在我的面前展现出了那么一番景色，从我那个位置其实能够尽收眼底，可是梦里的感觉往往如此，由于梦幻的力量，这番景象显得超凡出尘，一派肃穆气象。群山形状相同，其山脚下都有着同样可爱的山谷；不过群山挺然参天，高于阿尔卑斯峰，诸山相距空旷，丰草如茵，林地开阔，错落其间； 树篱上的白玫瑰娟娟弥望；远近看不见任何生物，唯有苍翠的教堂庭院里，牛群静静地卧躺在那片郁郁葱葱的墓地歇息，好几头围绕着一个小孩的坟墓。我曾对她一腔柔情，那年夏天是在旭日东升的前一刻，那孩子死去了，我如同当年那样望着牛群。

PART VI Writing Respecting Local Characteristics

Recently a heated debate was triggered off by the report that a little-known mountainous area near Guiyang, Guizhou Province plans to turn itself into a central business district with unconventional, super-futuristic buildings, never paying appropriate attention to its local characteristics. Some people appreciate the bold innovation of the design, whereas others hold that the design should suit its local conditions and reflect its regional characteristics or cultural heritage. As far as I am concerned, I prefer the latter.

Firstly, any urban design should take the city's original cultural heritage into account. Functional and harmonious architectures are needed to suit the life of the people there. In a mountainous area, unconventional and super-futuristic buildings are incompatible with its landscapes and they usually prove to be unsuited to the climate. Besides, the disappearance of its original features may mean the disappearance of a period of history and even the disappearance of its symbol and identity.

Secondly, the form of traditional buildings anywhere in the world is influenced by local climate and geology. Therefore, the design well suited to local conditions can save a lot of money. As a small developing mountainous area near Guiyang, it should try to take good advantage of its local resources. Over the centuries, the local materials have become the raw material used by sophisticated and expert craftsmen. If it falsely understood \wanted to be \at any price, despised the outstanding features of its traditional culture and attempted to introduce reinforced concrete buildings, it would impose great pressure on its people. In addition, such buildings require expensive maintenance which is a heavy burden for its people.

Thirdly, it will take a long period of time before local people can truly be accustomed to and appreciate the unconventional, super-futuristic buildings. Having lived in the traditional buildings for generations, local citizens are very likely to feel uncomfortable and uneasy surrounded by such super-futuristic buildings, let alone to appreciate them.

To sum up, a good design should take the city's original cultural heritage into account and suit to local conditions. It should also try to take advantage of local resources and avoid imposing unnecessary burden on the local people. Besides, it is sensible to build what local people can accept and feel comfortable with.

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2010专业八级（TEM8）听力原文

PART I: LISTENING COMPREHENSION—SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Paralinguistic Features of Language

Good morning, everyone. Today we'll continue our discussion on describing language. Last week we examined such features of language as grammar, vocabulary, the sounds of language, etc. In this lecture, we'll look at another important aspect of language. Perhaps some of you may wonder what is this important aspect of language. Let me tell you. It refers to features of communication that take place without the use of grammar and vocabulary. They are called \These features fall into two broad categories: those that involve the voice and those that involve the body.

Now, the first category, is what we call vocal paralinguistic features. Vocal features are actually tones of voice. While they are, perhaps, not central to meaning in communication in the same way as grammar or vocabulary, they may, nevertheless, convey attitude or intention in some way. Let me give you some examples. The first is whispering, which indicates the needs for secrecy. The second is breathiness. This is to show deep emotion. The third is huskiness, which is to show unimportance. The fourth is nasality. This is to indicate anxiety. The last is extra lip-rounding, which expresses greater intimacy, especially with babies, for example. So we can see that there are a number of ways of altering our tone of voice. And when we do this consciously, we do it to create different effects in communication.

Now, let's come to the second category, physical paralinguistic features, which involves the body. In addition to convey meanings with tone of voice, we can also express our intention through the ways in which we use our bodies. You may ask: what are the ways, then? Let me cite some brief examples. The expression on our face, the gestures we make and even proximity or way we sit, are some of the ways we send powerful messages about how we feel, or what we mean. Let me explain some of these in more detail. First, facial expression. Facial expression is a powerful conveyer of meaning. We all know smiling is an almost universal signal of pleasure or welcome. But there are other facial expressions that may not be so common. For instance, raising eye-brows suggests that you are surprised or interested in something. Other facial actions, such as biting your lip, which indicates that you are deep in thinking, or are uncertain about something; compressing the lips, which show that you are making decisions; and a visible clenching of the teeth, to show that you are angry, are all powerful conveyers of meaning, too. The second in this category is gesture. You see, we use gesture to indicate a wide range of meanings. Though I have to emphasize that the actual gestures we use may be specific to particular cultures. That is to say, different cultures have their own favorite gestures in conveying meaning. Here, a few examples may show you how powerful gestures can be. In British English behavior, shrugging shoulders may indicate an attitude of \powerfully show you are bored. Waving can mean welcome and farewell. While scratching your head may indicate that you are at a loss. In other cultures, placing your hand upon your heart is to indicate that you are telling the truth. Pointing your finger at your nose means \Proximity refers to the physical distance between speakers. This can indicate a number of things and can also be used to consciously send messages about intent. Closeness, for example, indicates intimacy or threat to many speakers. But distance may show formality, or lack of interest. Once again, I'd like to say, proximity is also both a matter of personal style, and is often culture bound. So, what may seem normal to a speaker from one culture may appear unnecessarily close or distant to a speaker from another. And standing close to someone may be quite appropriate in some situations such as an informal party, but completely out of place in other situations, such as a meeting with a superior. Next, posture. Posture means the way in which someone holds his or her body, especially the back, shoulders and head, when standing, walking or sitting. A few examples. Hunched shoulders and a hanging head give a powerful indication of whether the person is happy or not. A lowered head when speaking to a superior, with or without eye contact, can convey the appropriate relationship in some cultures. On the other hand, direct level eye contact changes the nature of interaction, and can been seen as either open or challenging. Last, echoing. Now, what is echoing? Let me start with an example. Some of you may have noticed this phenomenon in your experience. When two people are keen to agree with each other, they would likely, though unconsciously, adopt the same posture, as if an imitation of each other. They sit or stand in the same manner. When used in this way, echoing appears to complement the verbal communication. Of course, when such imitation is carried out consciously, it often indicates that someone is marking at another speaker.

Ok, in today's lecture, we looked at some paralinguistic features, such as tone of voice, gesture and posture. These features, together with linguistic features of language, like grammar or vocabulary, are all part of the way we communicate with each other in face to face encounters. In our next lecture, we'll watch some video material, and see how people actually use paralinguistic means in communication to express their intention or desire or mood. SECTION B INERVIEW

F: The word diversity has become a cliché in the United States today. It seems to me that nowadays Americans cannot turn on the television or read a newspaper without seeing the word pop out somewhere as a description of American demographic. Then what is this diversity in the US? Today we're very pleased to have Dr. Jeans Johnson here on our talk show. Welcome Dr. Johnson. M: Thanks!

F: Dr. Johnson, we know you have done extensive research on diversity. So what is, how do you define diversity in the American context?

M: Well, at one time, the US was called the melting pot, you know, which means that people of many different religions, cultures and races could share their traditional cultural identities and blend into one homogenous nation.

F: And am I right in saying that melting pot was emphasizing the idea of all-in-one or being the same?

M: Yes, you may say so. Eh, of course, when the phrase melting-pot was popular, there was also the idea of being different. But

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being different then simply meant Catholic as opposed to protestant or Irish as opposed to Swedish or Italian. F: Has the idea of being different changed over the years?

M: Yes, of course. You see, today we use the word diversity to refer to more visible ethnic differences: Asian American, African American and Latino, for instance. And religious diversity refers to the variety of world religions, not merely different branches of Christianity.

F: And now is America as a whole truly diverse?

M: Well, I think in all this talk about diversity, there was a critical point that may be missed, that is, diversity is not occurring everywhere in the US, or at least not to a degree that would alter the demography of every region of the country. F: Oh, really?

M: I can give you an example. Recently a New York Times article describes the town Selinsgrove in Pennsylvania. You see in the last ten years, things have barely changed at that town. The population has dropped by one, from 5,384 to 5,383 and the town remains virtually 100% white. The article thus concludes that many portions of the country remain, like Selinsgrove, virtually unchanged on its march towards diversity.

F: So regions vary in terms of the degree and types of diversity?

M: That's correct. Let's say there are three types of diversity in the US and they differ from region to region. F: Could you elaborate on that?

M: Ok, the first is racial diversity. States with the most racially diverse populations stand in stark contrast to those of the least racially diverse populations. Ah, let's look at the two states, California and Maine. From 1990 to 2000 California's Caucasian population, meaning non-Hispanic whites, declined from 57% to 48%. By 2025 it is predicted that figure will drop to just 34%, which indicates the future change in racial composition of California. On the contrary, Maine's Caucasian population was 98% of its total population throughout the 1990s, and by 2025 Maine's population will still be 97% Caucasian, which means virtually no change in Maine's racial diversity over the next 20 or so years.

F: This shows that racial diversity is not occurring everywhere. Then what about other types of diversity?

M: Right. The second type of diversity is age diversity. There are some interesting age gaps developing between states. For example, there is a large gap between the average age of the five states with the youngest populations and the five states with the oldest populations. This, of course, is well-known. What is less discussed is the difference between the racial make-up of younger and older populations. Most of the populations having the greatest racial diversity are younger on average than the populations with greater Caucasian representation. It is also well-known that Caucasians tend to be more affluent than other ethnic groups on average. In our pay-as-you-go social security system, workers are taxed to pay the benefits of retirees. So this could lead to a future where wealth is systematically redistributed from younger, poorer minorities to older, wealthier whites. F: This is a very interesting point. Then what is the third type of diversity in the US?

M: The third is religious diversity. Immigration from India, Pakistan and Middle East poured radically increased numbers of Hindus and Muslims to the US, and Chinese, Vietnamese and Japanese and other Asian immigrants increased the numbers of Buddhists. F: Oh, I see.

M: But the point is that this religion didn't settle everywhere. They settled mainly in California, and major northeastern and mid-western cities such as New York, Philadelphia, Chicago and Minneapolis. From 1990 to 2000, the number of Muslims in New York City grew from 600,000 to nearly 1 million. In the Los Angles area, there are now more than 300 Buddhist temples. F: So we see that many parts of the US are truly becoming more diverse while at the same time others are essentially remaining the same in terms of race, age and religion. M: Yes, that is true.

F: Ok, Dr. Johnson, thank you very much for coming on the show and talking to us. M: My pleasure!

SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST

1. Japan will start an aggressive push to market abroad its mobile technology, especially the nation's popular wallet phone, a government official said Tuesday.

Although Japan boasts some of the most sophisticated cell phones in the world, the nation has failed to make its handsets, wireless technology and mobile services hits outside of Japan.

Among the wireless innovations Japan hopes to peddle is the wallet phone. The technology relies on a tiny computer chip embedded in each cell phone, which communicates with a reader device at stores, train stations and vending machines for cashless payment.

This tiny computer chip was developed by Japanese electronics and entertainment company Sony Corp.

2. Zimbabwe's inflation rate has soared in the past three months and is now at 11.2 million percent, the highest in the world. According to the country's Central Statistical Office, official figures dated Monday show inflation has surged from the rate of 2.2 million percent recorded in May, despite the government's price controls.

The country's finance minister confirmed the new figure in an interview but said the rising inflation rate was not confined to Zimbabwe alone.

In February, the price of a loaf of bread in the country was less than 200,000 Zimbabwe dollars. On Monday, that same loaf of bread cost 1.6 trillion Zimbabwe dollars.

Analysts have said the Zimbabwean government's official inflation rate figures are conservative. Last week, one of Zimbabwe's leading banks, Kingdom Bank, said the country's inflation rate was now more than 20 million percent.

The locally-owned bank predicted tougher times ahead for Zimbabwe in the absence of donor support and foreign investment

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TEXT D

From Namche Bazaar, the Sherpa capital at 12,000 feet, the long line threaded south, dropping 2,000 feet to the valley floor, then trudged down the huge Sola-Khumbu canyon until it opened out to the lush but still daunting foothills of Central Nepal.

It was here at Namche that one man broke rank and leaned north, slowly and arduously climbing the steep walls of the natural amphitheater behind the scatter of stone huts, then past Kunde and Khumjong.

Despite wearing a balaclava on his head, he had been frequently recognized by the Tibetans, and treated with the gravest deference and respect. Even among those who knew nothing about him, expressions of surprise lit up their dark, liquid eyes. He was a man not expected to be there.

Not only was his stature substantially greater than that of the diminutive Tibetans, but it

was also obvious from his bearing - and his new broadcloak, which covered a much-too-tight army uniform - that he came from a markedly loftier station in life than did the average Tibetan. Among a people virtually bereft of possessions, he had fewer still, consisting solely of a rounded bundle about a foot in diameter slung securely by a cord over his shoulder. The material the bundle was wrapped in was of a rough Tibetan weave, which did not augur that the content was of any greater value - except for the importance he seemed to ascribe to it, never for a moment releasing his grip.

His objective was a tiny huddle of buildings perched halfway up an enormous valley wall across from him, atop a great wooded spur jutting out from the lower lap of the 22,493-foot Ama Dablum, one of the most majestic mountains on earth. There was situated Tengboche, the most famous Buddhist monastery in the Himalayas, its setting unsurpassed for magnificence anywhere on the planet.

From the top of the spur, one's eyes sweep 12 miles up the stupendous Dudh Kosi canyon to the six-mile-long granite wall of cliff of Nuptse at its head. If Ama Dablum is the Gatekeeper, then the sheer cliff of Nuptse, never less than four miles high, is the Final Protector of the highest and mightiest of them all: Chomolongma, the Mother Goddess of the World, to the Tibetans; Sagarmatha, the Head of the Seas, to the Nepalese; and Everest to the rest of us. And over the great barrier of Nuptse She demurely peaks.

It was late in the afternoon - when the great shadows cast by the colossal mountains were descending into the deep valley floors - before he reached the crest of the spur and shuffled to a stop just past Tengboche's entrance gompa. His chest heaving in the rarefied air, he removed his hand from the bundle--the first time he had done so - and wiped grimy rivulets of sweat from around his eyes with the fingers of his mitted hand.

His narrowed eyes took in the open sweep of the quiet grounds, the pagoda-like monastery itself, and the stone buildings that tumbled down around it like a protective skirt. In the distance the magic light of the magic hour lit up the plume flying off Chomolongma's 29,029-foot-high crest like a bright, welcoming banner.

His breathing calmed, he slowly, stiffly struggled forward and up the rough stone steps to the monastery entrance. There he was greeted with a respectful nameste -\aside a twig broom he had been using to sweep the flagstones of the inner courtyard. While he did so, the visitor noticed that the monk was missing the small finger on his left hand. The stranger spoke a few formal words in Tibetan, and then the two disappeared inside.

Early the next morning the emissary - lightened of his load - appeared at the monastery

entrance, accompanied by the same monk and the elderly abbot. After a bow of his head, which was returned much more deeply by the two ocher-robed residents, he took his leave. The two solemn monks watched, motionless, until he dipped over the ridge on which the monastery sat, and out of sight.

Then, without a word, they turned and went back inside the monastery.

26. Which of the following words in Paragraph One implies difficulty in walking? A. \ B. \ C. \ D. \

27. In the passage the contrast between the Tibetans and the man is indicated in all the following aspects EXCEPT ____. A. clothing. B. height. C. social status. D. personal belongings.

28. It can be inferred from the passage that one can get ______ of the region from the monastery. A. a narrow view B. a hazy view C. a distant view D. a panoramic view

29. Which of the following details shows that the man became relaxed after he reached the monastery? A. \B. \

C. \D. \

30. From how it is described in the passage the monastery seems to evoke ______.

A. a sense of awe. B. a sense of piety. C. a sense of fear. D. a sense of mystery.

PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)

There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. Mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.

31. The Head of State of New Zealand is _______.

A. the governor-general. B. the Prime Minister. C. the high commissioner. D. the monarch of the United Kingdom 32. The capital of Scotland is _______.

A. Glasgow. B. Edinburgh. C. Manchester. D. London.

33. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence and later became the U.S. President?

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A. Thomas Jefferson. B. George Washington. C. Thomas Paine. D. John Adams. 34. Which of the following cities is located on the eastern coast of Australia? A. Perth. B. Adelaide. C. Sydney. D. Melbourne. 35. Ode to the West Windwas written by _________.

A. William Blake. B. William Wordsworth. C. Samuel Taylor Coleridge. D. Percy B. Shelley. 36. Who among the following is a poet of free verse?

A. Ralph Waldo Emerson. B. Walt Whitman. C. Herman Melville D. Theodore Dreiser. 37. The novel Sons andLovers was written by __________.

A. Thomas Hardy. B. John Galsworthy. C. D.H. Lawrence. D. James Joyce. 38. The study of the mental processes of language comprehension and production is ______.

A. corpus linguistics. B. sociolinguistics. C. theoretical linguistics. D. psycholinguistics.

39. A special language variety that mixes languages and is used by speakers of different languages for purposes of trading is called ______.

A. dialect. B. idiolect. C. pidgin. D. register.

40. When a speaker expresses his intention of speaking, such as asking someone to open the window, he is performing ______. A. an illocutionary act. B. a perlocutionary act. C. a locutionary act. D. none of the above.

PART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN) Proofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET TWO as instructed. When ∧ art museum wants a new exhibit, (1)_______ it never buys things in finished form and hangs (2)_______ them on the wall. When a natural history museum

wants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3)_______

The previous section has shown how quickly a rhyme passes

from one schoolchild to the next and illustrates the further difference (1)_______ between school lore and nursery lore. In nursery lore a verse, learnt

in early childhood, is not usually passed on again when the little listener (2)_______ has grown up, and has children of their own, or even grandchildren. (3)_______ The period between learning a nursery rhyme and transmitting

it may be something from 20 to 70 years. With the playground (4)_______ lore, therefore, a rhyme may be excitedly passed on within the very hour (5)_______ it is learnt; and, in the general, it passes between children of the (6)_______ same age, or nearly so, since it is uncommon for the difference in age between playmates to be more than five years. If, therefore, a playground

rhyme can be shown to have been currently for a hundred years, or (7)_______ even just for fifty, it follows that it has been retransmitted over

and over, very possibly it has passed along a chain of two or three (8)_______ hundred young hearers and tellers, and the wonder is that it remains live (9)_______ after so much handling, to let alone that it bears resemblance to the original wording. (10)_______

PART V TRANSLATION (60 MIN) SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH

Translate the underlined part of the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.

我想不起来哪一个熟人没有手机。今天没有手机的人是奇怪的，这种人才需要解释。我们的所有社会关系都储存在手机的电话本里，可以随时调出使用。古代只有巫师才能拥有这种法宝。

手机刷新了人与人的关系。会议室门口通常贴着一条通告：请与会者关闭手机。可是会议室里的手们也不会轻易关掉手机。打开手机象征我们与这个世界的联系。手机反映出我们的―社交饥渴症‖。最为常见的是，一个人走着走着突然停下来，眼睛盯着手机屏幕发短信。他不在乎停在马路中央还是厕所旁边。 为什么对于手机来电和短信这么在乎?因为我们迫切渴望与社会保持联系。 SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE

Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.

We, the human species, are confronting a planetary emergency - a threat to the survival of our civilization that is gathering ominous and destructive potential even as we gather here. But there is hopeful news as well: we have the ability to solve this crisis and avoid the worst - though not all - of its consequences, if we act boldly, decisively and quickly.

However, too many of the world's leaders are still best described in the words of Winston Churchill applied to those who ignored Adolf Hitler's threat: \go on in strange paradox, decided only to be undecided, resolved to be irresolute, all powerful to be impotent.\

So today, we dumped another 70 million tons of global-warming pollution into the thin shell of atmosphere surrounding our planet, as if it were an open sewer. And tomorrow, we will dump a slightly larger amount, with the cumulative concentrations now trapping more and more heat from the sun.

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PART VI WRITING (45 MIN)

Mandarin, or putonghua, is the standard service sector language in our country. But recently, employees at a big city's subway station have been busy learning dialects of other parts of the country. Proponents say that using dialects in the subway is a way to provide better service. But opponents think that encouraging the use of dialects in public counters the national policy to promote putonghua. What is your opinion?

Write an essay of about 400 words on the following topic:

Are Dialects Just as Acceptable in Public Places?

In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.

Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.

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TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS(2009)-GRADE EIGHT-2009年英语专业八级参考答案

Part I Listening Comprehension—Section A Mini-lecture 1.study results/findings 2.laymen/nonprofessionals 3.disciplined 4.what you did 5.DISCUSSION 6.a common mistake/incorrect 7. in reality/correct 8.collection and analysis/collected and analyzed 9.focus/emphasis 10.lack

SECTION B INTERVIEW 1-5 CBABA SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST 6-10 BCBAB

PART II Reading Comprehension 11-15 CADBD 16-20 DCBDB 21-25 BDCAA 26-30 DDDDA PART III General Knowledge 31-35DBACD 36-40 BCDCA

PART VI Proofreading & Error Correction 1.illustrate改为illustrated 2.the改为a 3.their改为his 4.something改为anything 5.therefore改为however 6.in the general去掉the 7.currently改为current 8.在has和passed中间加been 9.live改为 alive 10.去掉to let alone的to Part V Translation—Section A Chinese To English

Cell phone has altered human relations. There is usually a note on the door of conference room, which reads \handset.\are reluctant to turn off the phone. Cell phone symbolizes our connection with the world and reflects our \We are familiar with the scene when a person stops his steps to edit short messages with eyes glued at his phone, disregard of his location, whether in road center or beside restroom. Section B English to Chinese

我们人类，正面临全球性的危机，我们的生存和文明受到威胁。尽管我们聚在一起共商对策，而灾难却在扩大，形式不容乐观。但也有令人欣喜的消息：如果行动大胆果断，反应迅速，我们有能力解决这场危机，避免其向最坏的方向发展。

但是，时下世界上的许多国家领导人可以用当年温斯顿·丘吉尔批评欧洲诸政要忽视阿道夫·希特勒的名言来形容，―它们在奇怪的悖论中前行，仅仅为一个决定而犹豫不决，有了决心却拖泥带水，信心犹疑不定，见解随波逐流，掌权者虚弱无力。‖

而如今我们向这个星球脆弱的大气层倾倒超过七千万吨温室气体，把其当作天然排污口。明天我们还会变本加厉，堆积的温室气体吸纳了越来越多的太阳热度。

PART VI Writing Are Dialects Just as Acceptable in Public Places?

China's State Administration of Radio Film and Television (SARFT) recently issued a notice banning domestic radio and TV stations from translating foreign radio and TV programmes into any local dialect. The notice said that such dialect translation contradicts the national initiative to promote Putonghua, or Mandarin, around the country. Foreign programmes that have been translated into dialects must be removed from television and radio immediately. The notice evoked a mixed response from experts and audio and video producers, as well as the general public. Many voiced their concerns that local dialects would be fornidden in public places. Mandarian, which means %used by more than 70 percent of the population. However, local dialects still enjoy pupularity for relatively less-educated people in some occasions. The dialects do make unique role and should be tolerated for existence in public places.

Though promoted widely in public places, dialects are acceptable in public places. First, it is more than a mere tool for communication. It is, most importantly, the messenger of its respective culture. If the dialect was eliminated from daily use, the culture will be broken. Second, Mandarian can absorb the elit part of local dialect to enrich its vovabulary and usuge. This is the perfection of Mandartian from thousands of years blend and contact. The dialects can also be popular in the public. Along with the famous short play by comic actors in NE China, the local dialect came into the splotlight, and enjoyed more pupulatity throughout China. Such a cultural phenomenon represents the audience an attitude to local dialects which cater to the taste of the majority. Third, dialect is the only mean of communication to some undereducated local people. If local dialects are fobbiden in the public places, they can not communicate.

To sum up, local dialects should be tolerated in public places for its unique role which Mandarian can not substitute. We should guartee its survival because dialects stand for our spiritual land. From a long-term perspective, dialects should not and would not be wiped out. There is no need for any purposeful and deliberate attempt to protect dialects. Just let dialects take their natural course. The best way to protect a dialect is to use it in daily life and pass it down from generation to generation.

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2009-2010年专业八级(TEM8)真题+答案+听力原文 ants05

2009专业八级（TEM8）听力原文

PART I: LISTENING COMPREHENSION—SECTION A MINI-LECTURE

Good morning, everyone. Today we’ll discuss some preliminaries concerning how to write experimental reports.

When you first signed up for a course in university, like a psychology course, chances are that you didn’t really expect what was coming in your study; particularly, the course emphasis on methodology and statistics. For a few of you, this may have come as a pleasant surprise, provided that you have already known something about the course. For most, however, I dare say, it will undoubtedly have been a shock to the system. No doubt in other parts of your course study, you will read books and journals, examining, critically, models and theories, assumptions and hypotheses put forward by scholars and specialists. My task today is to help you understand some of the important features of experimental reports, because you will have to write up some kind of report of this nature if your course gives prominence to practical work, especially experimenting.

Then what is an experimental report? All the report is, really, is the place in which you tell the story of your study, like what you did, why you did it, what you found out in the process and so on. In doing this, you’re more like an ancient storyteller, whose stories were structured in accordance with widely recognized and long established conventions than a modern novelist who is free to dictate form as well as content. Moreover, like the storyteller of old, although you will invariably be telling your story to someone who knows quite a bit about it already, you are expected to present it as if it had never been heard before. This means that you will need to spell out the details and assume little knowledge of the area on the part of your audience. Then, perhaps, you may ask, what is the nature of the conventions governing the report? A clue, I think, can be found in its basic structure. A highly structured and disciplined report is written in sections, and these sections, by and large, follow an established sequence. What this means is that, in the telling, your story is to be cut up into chunks. Different parts of the story are to appear in different places in the report. What you did and why you did it appear in the section called introduction. How you did it is in the method section. And what you found out is in the result section. And, finally, what you think it shows appears in the discussion part. As you can see, the report, therefore, is a formal document composed of a series of sections in which specific information is expected to appear. We will discuss the precise conventions governing each section as we go along.

For example, what are the subsections in the method? But today, I will introduce to you certain general rules straight away. The first of these concerns the person to whom you should address your report, whom I should call your reader. A very common mistake, especially early on, is to assume that your reader is the person who will be marking the report. In reality, however, the marker will be assessing your report on behalf of someone else: an idealized, hypothetical person who is intelligent but unknowledgeable about your study and the area in which it took place. Your marker will, therefore, be checking to see that you have written your report with this sort of reader in mind. So you need to make sure that you have, one, introduced the reader to the area relevant to your study; two, provided the reader with the background necessary to understand what you did and why you did it; three, spelt out and developed your arguments clearly; four, defined technical terms; and five, provided precise details of the ways in which you went about collecting and analyzing the data that you obtained. In short, you should write for someone who knows little about your area of study, taking little for granted about your reader’s knowledge of your area of study. So when in doubt, spell it out. This is my advice to you.

If you find this difficult to do, then a useful approach is to write the report as if it would be read by someone you know who is intelligent but unknowledgeable about your subject. A friend of yours, say. Write it as if this person were going to have to read and understand it. Indeed, it is a good idea, if you can, to get just such a person to read your report before handing it in. The demands and expectations placed upon you will of course, vary with your experience of report writing. Early on in your study, as an author of experimental reports, less will be expected of you than later. At this early stage, you will be expected mainly to show that you understand what you did in your report and its implications, together with evidence that you have, at least a basic grasp of the demands of the report’s format. Later on, however, you will be expected to pay more attention to this research significance of what you did. The \design, you will be expected to be able to justify this choice. So you must be able to tell us why it is, that given the options available to you, you decided to conduct your particular study. You will need, therefore, to develop the habit of thinking about how the ideas that you’re entertaining for your experiment or study will look in the report, paying particular attention to how they will fit into the part of introduction. Specific dangers that you must watch out for here are, first, a lack of adequate material to put in the section; and second, the undertaking of a project that lacks any research justification, because it is based on assumptions that are contradicted by existing findings in the area. Thinking clearly in advance will help you to avoid making these mistakes. OK. Today we’ve had a brief look at the format of an experimental report, what each section is about and some of the basic issues like reader awareness, so on and so forth. Next time, we will discuss how to write up the introduction section. SECTION B INERVIEW

Interviewer: Good morning, Mrs. Collins, welcome to our studio. As a distinguished member of Toastmasters International,

could you tell us a bit about the background of the organization?

Mrs. Collins: I’m delighted to have that opportunity. Toastmasters is an international organization, designed to develop effective

speaking and listening skills. It was founded in 1924 by Ralph Smedley and it’s headquartered in California.

I: What is the purpose of Toastmasters?

M: Toastmasters has a two-fold purpose: the personal growth of the individual and the strong effective communication skills. I: Then, who is Toastmasters open to? And what kind of members do you have now?

M: Well, many people think Toastmasters is open only to those individuals who wish to be professional speakers. That is

definitely not true. Toastmasters is open to the public at large. Any individual who wishes to improve his public speaking is welcomed. And also, those who just want to increase their overall self-confidence are encouraged to attend. I: Another question is how can Toastmasters help you in job situations?

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M: By becoming involved in Toastmasters, you will learn different methods of communicating what you really want to say. And

equally important, you will learn what your audience expects from you so you can deliver that message to them in a logical fashion. Some people are comfortable around friends, but when they appear before a group they don’t know, they get tense. Our organization helps our members to get calm and organize thoughts, and deliver them in an effective way. I: Is Toastmasters concerned with total communication, not just for speaking but for other communication skills?

M: Most often, people are assumed that when you are listening, you are also paying attention. This is not always true. Many times

people are waiting for their turn to speak and not really listening at all. Toastmasters can develop a person overall in terms of organizing their thoughts, getting input from others, and then receiving effective feedback. I: Then, how does Toastmasters train people?

M: Toastmasters has an approach of learning by doing. The Toastmasters International Organization provides a menu we refer to

as the basic menu, because it gives a guideline for the development of speeches. These speeches cater to different purposes, for example, one objective might be to develop vocal variety; another might be to organize your thoughts, or develop your use of humor in speeches.

I: Can you also learn other skills, such as parliamentary procedures or being master of ceremonies?

M:Yes, different assignments within Toastmasters involve not only in preparation of speeches and then presenting these before an

audience, but also the opportunity of serving as toastmaster of the meeting. This assignment helps members practice being an MC for a meeting, that is a master of ceremonies. Other assignments include serving as an evaluator for another speaker or serving as a grammarian who will monitor use of filler words or phrases, such as and, er, or you know. Both of these assignments will allow the members to increase or enhance their listening skills.

I: I know that there is an 8-week program for young people and also an 8-week speech craft course offered for adults. What do

these involve?

M: They are basically an introduction to Toastmasters in general, a sample providing the opportunity for an individual to

determine whether or not they wish to get involved in Toastmasters by joining in a club. I: What can an individual gain from being in Toastmasters?

M: I would say self-confidence and some tricks of the trade in the development of speeches. But that is only the beginning. As an individual continues to give speeches and then improve, he progresses from the point of being fearful to stand before a group of peers to the point where he can address any group of people with a degree of self-confidence. Leadership skills are also developed by learning to organize and conduct meetings.

I: Ok, thank you very much, Mrs. Collins, for talking to us in the studio. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST

1. Last week, a United Nations report says humans are very likely the cause of most of temperature increases in the last 50 years. It says global warming is undeniable and the world can expect to feel the effects for centuries to come. The intergovernmental panel on climate change released the report in Pairs at a conference of climate experts. Representatives of more than 100 governments agreed on the findings. This is the most detailed scientific report to date on global warming and the influence of fossil fuel burning and other human activities. The scientists say there is greater than a 90% chance that greenhouse gases are the main cause of rising temperatures and sea levels. The report also links global warming to other changes including increased dryness in some areas and violent storm patterns. The UN panel released its last climate change report 6 years ago. The scientists say the new report is based on studies done since then and stronger agreement on global warming. The new report makes no policy proposals but the aim is to press governments and industries to cut the release of carbon dioxide and other gases blamed for trapping heat.

2. At least 80 people have died in a derailment of a luxury train in eastern India, which some government officials say could have been caused by terrorist sabotage, and investigation has been ordered to identify the cause of the accident. There were nearly 600 passengers and staff on board the train. It was going from the eastern city Calcutta to New Delhi when it was wrecked late Monday night. The train derailed as it was crossing a bridge over the Dhavi River, near Raffee Gange Station in the eastern Bihar State. One of the coaches sank in the river, at least two others hang precariously from the bridge, and several others left the tracks. The accident occurred in a remote area with poor telecommunication links. Many victims remained trapped in the wreckage through the night before they were rescued. A spokesman for Eastern Railway says rescue operations were slowed down by bad weather, but are now fully under way.

3. One in ten young people claimed to have had no career advice during their education. \on a career by the time they leave school,\but many are turning to the Internet for advice instead; and career service needs to embrace this\effect of confusing and unhelpful career advice is that young people are not making the best use of their skills and the industry is losing out on the most talented candidates. Harvey Nash Chief, Albert El said, \people missing out on the potential career opportunities themselves, but businesses too could be missing out on the next generation of skills they need to compete\

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