2018年高考英语 热点题型和提分秘籍 专题11 定语从句（含解析） 

专题11 定语从句

考生在定语从句的学习过程中存在着以下几个问题：(1)考生不能辨别定语从句的结构；(2)关系代词与关系副词的选择混乱，不清楚关系代词与关系副词的使用情况；(3)习惯性以翻译的方式来理解定语从句、同位语从句，而使自己陷入困境之中；(4)由于对句型结构分析不到位，经常出现代词与关系代词错用的情况。

热点题型一 关系代词引导的定语从句

例1、 [2017·北京卷] The little problems ________ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.

A．that B．as C．where D．when

【提分秘籍】

引导定语从句的关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose, as等，关系代词可作主语、宾语、定语等。

1．who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。

I've become good friends with several of the students in my school who I met in the English speech contest last year.

我已与去年在英语演讲比赛中遇到的我校的几个学生成为了好朋友。

2．whose既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中作定语。指物时，“whose＋名词”可用“the＋名词＋of which”或“of which＋the＋名词”来代替。

①Do you know the boy whose handwriting is very beautiful? 你认识那个书法非常漂亮的男孩吗？

②This is the house whose window broke last night.＝This is the house, the window

of which broke last night.＝This is the house, of which the window broke last night.

这就是昨晚窗户被打破的那所房子。

3.which, that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。 ①There used to be much shade of an old tree in the middle of the yard, which gave us much cool in summer.

过去，院子中央的一棵古树遮成的大片树荫使我们在夏季非常凉爽。

②We hope the measures to control house prices, which are taken by the government，will succeed.

我们希望政府采取的控制房价的措施会成功。

4.指物时，关系代词that和which一般情况下可换用，但以下几种情况下一般用that，而不用which。

(1)先行词是all, everything, something, anything, nothing, none, few, little, much等不定代词，或先行词被all, every, some, any, no, few, little等修饰时。

I have read all the books (that) you gave me. 你给我的书我都已经读过了。

注意：当something确指某物或某事时，用that或which都可以。 There is something that/which keeps worrying me. 有一件事一直令我不安。

(2)先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词the first，the second, ...，the last修饰时。 This is the best film (that)I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。

(3)先行词被the only，the very，the right等修饰时。 The only thing that matters is to find our way home. 唯一一件要紧的事情是找到我们回家的路。 (4)先行词既有人又有物时。

They talked about the persons and things (that) they remembered in the school. 他们谈论起他们记得的学校里的人和事。 5．在以下情况中，只能用which，不能用that。

(1)在非限制性定语从句中，如从句中缺少主语或宾语指物，只能用which。 Our football team won the final, which made us excited.

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我们的足球队赢得了决赛，这使我们非常兴奋。

(2)关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时，只能用which。 The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop. 过去我居住的房子变成了鞋店。

热点题型二 关系副词引导的定语从句

例2、 Greg decided to take some of my songs that I had recorded to a local radio station, ________ he explained about my illness.

【解析】考查定语从句用法。从句中不缺少主语和宾语，先行词表示地点，故用关系副词where。

【答案】where 【提分秘籍】

当定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语、定语和表语时，要选用关系副词。其中when, where, why是常见的三个关系副词。

when＝表时间的介词(in, on, at, during等)＋which。 where＝表地点的介词(如in, at, on, under等)＋which； why＝表原因的介词(如for)＋which。

1．关系副词when, where, why的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

①Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment where they live. 现代人更加关心他们居住的环境。

②The reason why I don't trust him is that he often tells lies. 我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。

当定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语、定语和表语时，要选用关系副词。其中when, where, why是常见的三个关系副词。

when＝表时间的介词(in, on, at, during等)＋which。 where＝表地点的介词(如in, at, on, under等)＋which； why＝表原因的介词(如for)＋which。x^kw

1．关系副词when, where, why的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

①Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment where they live.

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现代人更加关心他们居住的环境。

②The reason why I don't trust him is that he often tells lies. 我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。 2．way和time后接定语从句的情况。

(1)当先行词是way(意为“方式、方法”，且关系词在定语从句中作状语)时，引导定语从句的关系词可以是that, in which或省略。如：

I don't like the way (that/in which) he looks at me. 我不喜欢他看我的方式。

(2)先行词是time时，若time作“次数”讲，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；若time作“一段时间，时代”讲，应用关系副词when或“介词at/during＋which”引导定语从句。如：

①This is the first time (that) I have talked with a foreigner face to face. 这是我第一次和一个外国人面对面交流。

②There was a time when I hated going to school. 曾经有一段时间我讨厌上学。

热点题型三 “介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句

例3． I'm sorry not to have replied to your letter earlier, ________ I must say, I apologize.

【解析】考查定语从句用法。“I must say”为插入语，可去掉后再分析句子结构。从句中apologize后加介词才能跟宾语。根据句意可知此处需加for，表示“因……而道歉”注意。apologize to sb. for sth.。

【答案】for which 【提分秘籍】

掌握“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，要注意以下几点： 1关系代词的确定

在介词后作宾语的关系代词只有which和whom。如果先行词是物，引导词用which；如果先行词是人，则引导词用whom。如：

①This is the train on which I went to Shanghai. 这就是我去上海所乘坐的那列火车。

②This is the student for whom I bought the dictionary.

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这就是我为他买词典的那个学生。 2介词的位置

介词一般放在关系代词which和whom之前，但也可以放在原来的位置上。如： ①The house in which we live is very large. ＝The house (which/that) we live in is very large. 我们住的房子很大。

②This is the man from whom I learned the news. ＝This is the man (that/whom) I learned the news from. 就是这个男人，我从他那里得到的这个消息。

注意：如果介词和句中动词组成固定词组时，这个介词一般不前置。如： My youngest brother， whom I have to look after， is demanding. 我得照看我的小弟弟，真是让人费神。 3关系代词前介词的确定

(1)依据定语从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配来确定。如： The fellow to whom I spoke made no answer at first. 我与之说话的那个人起初没有回答。(speak to)

The West Lake, for which Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place. 西湖是一个美丽的地方，杭州以此而闻名。(be famous for) (2)根据先行词来确定。如：

I'll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country. 我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过的童年时光。(during the time) (3)根据所表达的意思来确定。如：

Air, without which man can't live, is really important. 空气真的很重要，没有它人类就不能生存。(live without) 4“名词/代词＋介词＋关系代词”结构

此类结构常见的有“some/many/most/all/none/the largest＋of＋which/whom”等。如：

①Here are the questions, some of which I think are difficult for you. 问题都在这儿，其中一些我认为对你来说很难。 ②He has three sons, none of whom are doctors.

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