2018届二轮复习 名词性从句在短文语法填空中考查指导 学案（5页w

2018届二轮复习 名词性从句在短文语法填空中考查指导 1．掌握3大常考点

(1)连接副词引导的名词性从句

[典例1] (2015·全国卷Ⅱ)As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly __70__thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.

分析：figured out后为宾语从句，空格后面的thick是一个形容词，空格处需填一连接副词修饰形容词并引导宾语从句，故填how。

[典例2] (2014·广东高考)I didn’t understand __20__ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.

分析：understand后为宾语从句，根据语境可知，不明白的应该是原因，表示“为什么”，故填why。

(2)that引导的名词性从句

[典例1] (2017·昆明市模拟)What is worth mentioning is __67__ nearly all of Hani people show respect to nature and their ancestors.

分析：is后为表语从句，空格后的句子无论是结构还是意思都是完整的，空格处所填的词只起连接作用，没有任何实际意义，故填that。

[典例2] (2017·湖北省部分重点中学联考)This should serve as a warning __64__ people should be aware of their surroundings, especially when crossing roads.

分析：warning后为同位语从句，空格后的句子无论是结构还是意思都是完整的，空格处所填的词只起连接作用，没有任何实际意义，故填that。

(3)what引导的名词性从句

[典例1] (2017·青岛市模拟)By chance, the professor knew __66__ the student complained about. 分析：knew后为宾语从句，所填之词引导宾语从句并在从句中作介词about的宾语，故填what。

[典例2] (2017·湖北省七市联考)However, __62__ impressed me most was not the natural scenery but the scene of a grandma bathing a little baby in a wooden basin with the door open.

分析：__62__ impressed me most为主语从句，所填词引导主语从句并在从句中作主语，故填what。

2．明辨5大易错点 (1)that与what的误用

[典例1] (2017·柳州市模拟)We should make full use of time to do that should be done.

分析：do后为宾语从句，引导词在从句中作主语。故that→what。 [典例2] (2017·开封市质检)It is cheerful what the local authorities have promised them to shorten the time of obtaining it.

分析：It为形式主语，cheerful后面的句子为主语从句，引导词在从句中不作任何成分也无任何意义。故what→that。

(2)that与if/whether的误用

[典例1] (2017·乐山市模拟)I’m glad to hear if you’re coming to Sichuan in August.

分析：hear后为宾语从句，句意表示“我听说你要来”，而非“我听说你是否要来”。故if→that或去掉if。

[典例2] (2017·肇庆市模拟)They told me whether these beggars were not worth showing mercy to because most of them cheated people.

分析：told me后为宾语从句，他们告诉我的应该是一个事实，而不是一个疑问。故whether→that。

(3)which与that, which与what的误用

[典例1] (2017·临汾一中等联考)It’s not easy for us to accept the fact which we are going to leave our beloved school.

分析：在名词性从句中that为连词，不作任何成分，而which为连接代词，需要作成分表示“哪一个”。本句中the fact后为同位语从句，后面的引导词在从句中不作任何成分。故which→that。

[典例2] (2017·湖南师大附中模拟)When I went to the kitchen to get my breakfast, I was astonished at which I saw.

分析：在名词性从句中which和what都为连接代词，但which表示“哪一个”，而what表示“……的事情”。故which→what。

(4)if与whether的误用

[典例] (2017·湖南师大附中模拟)I was in such a hurry that I paid no attention to if the milk was hot or not.

分析：if和whether都可引导名词性从句意为“是否”，但if受到很多限制，例如不能位于句首，介词后的宾语从句不能用if引导，不能跟or not连用等。故if→whether。

(5)that, what与连接副词的误用

[典例1] (2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.

分析：to后为宾语从句，引导词在从句中需作地点状语，表示“靠近我居住的地方”。故that→where。

[典例2] (2017·银川九中模拟)I’m writing to tell you how is going on in our school — a basketball match to be held next month.

分析：tell you后为宾语从句，从句缺少主语，应用连接代词引导。故how→what。

[题组练通] Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．(2017·蚌埠二中模拟)It is not a secret that trees are vital to our life.

2．(2017·成都市模拟)Children learn violence behavior from adults or from what they see on TV or on the Internet. 3．(2017·漳州市联考)If we want to truly understand why animals are eating plastic in the ocean, we will have to think about how animals find food.

4．(2017·长春外国语学校模拟)Sometimes parents think it right and natural that they determine what their children should do with their lives. 5．(2017·江西省五市八校联考)Thus, after the spare tire (备胎) was fitted, I asked how much I owed him. 6．(2017·黑吉两省六校联考)When we have no resources left, we’ll then start to take care of what we have. 7．(2017·西宁市三校联考)But the truth is that they still have an influence on our lives today, even if we don’t realize it most of the time.

8．(2017·铁岭市联考)It’s time to start by reading aloud to whoever might like it.

9．(2017·豫南九校模拟)We will understand more about how_neurons (神经元) in the brain connect.

10．(2017·焦作市模拟)However, what impressed me most is the International Spy Museum, which I visited on the third day of the trip.

Ⅱ.单句改错

1．(2017·绵阳市模拟)Now I’d like to tell you that took place in my school last Thursday.that→what 2．(2017·济南一中模拟)From his lesson, we came to a conclusion what it is not so difficult to learn English if we find a good way.what→that

3．(2017·豫南九校模拟)The reason why I admire him is because he starts every day with a smile.because→that 4．(2017·衡阳八中模拟)I could hardly believe my ears when the news came I was admitted into a key university.came后加that 5．(2017·沈阳二中模拟)There is no doubt whether it is of great help to their study and future life.whether→that

6．(2017·烟台市模拟)You can’t imagine how great fun we had in Qingdao.how→what 7．(2017·泰安市质检)The reason for this is why I would like to share my knowledge with my students and help them solve problems.why→that

8．(2017·深圳市模拟)True friendship will always live on no matter where far apart we are.where→how 9．(2017·太原市模拟)Secondly, we should show our respect for our parents and do which we can to help them.which→what

10．(2017·山西大学附中模拟)The only problem is that because I’m not very good at small talk with people I don’t know.去掉because

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